FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS

1. STATICS – deals with the equilibrium of bodies that is at rest.

2. DYNAMICS – is concerned with the accelerated motion of
bodies
3. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS – deals with the internal effects
and deformations that are caused by the applied loads
 STATICS AND DYNAMICS STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

BODY RIGID REAL/DEFORMABLE

FORCE EXTERNAL EFFECTS INTERNAL EFFECTS

ANALYSIS FBD, EQUATIONS OF FBD, EQUATIONS OF

EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM,
DEFORMATION DIAGRAMS
FOCUS IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS DETERMINING THE
THAT ACT ON THE BODY STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY
OF THE BODY
ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FORCES
EFFECTS OF INTERNAL FORCES
1. NORMAL FORCES – Perpendicular to the area being considered
2. SHEAR FORCES – Parallel to the area being considered

EFFECTS OF INTERNAL MOMENTS

1. TWISTING MOMENT
2. BENDING MOMENT
SIMPLE STRESS

STRESS (𝜎) – is the internal resistance of a material to the

distorting effects of external forces
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 (𝑷)
𝜎=
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (𝑨)
Force (P) can be in N, Kn or Lb
Area (A) can be in 𝑚2 , 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑓𝑡 2

𝑁 𝑁 𝑙𝑏
Pascal = 2 Megapascal = 2 Psi= 2
𝑚 𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑛
 𝑨𝑪𝑻𝑼𝑨𝑳 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑵𝑮𝑻𝑯
FOS=
𝑹𝑬𝑸𝑼𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑫 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑵𝑮𝑻𝑯

𝒀𝑰𝑬𝑳𝑫 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺 (𝒀𝑰𝑬𝑳𝑫 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑵𝑮𝑻𝑯)

FOS =
𝑨𝑳𝑳𝑶𝑾𝑨𝑩𝑳𝑬 (𝑾𝑶𝑹𝑲𝑰𝑵𝑮 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺)

𝑼𝑳𝑻𝑰𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑬 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺
FOS=
𝑨𝑳𝑳𝑶𝑾𝑨𝑩𝑳𝑬 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺
NORMAL STRESS
- Stressed caused by axial force
(tensile/compressive)
- Acts normal or perpendicular to the resisting
surface

𝑷
𝜎=
𝑨
TRUSS problem;

1. For the truss shown calculate the normal stress in member AC and
BD. The cross sectional area of each member is 900mm^2 ANS; AC=
59.26MPA, BD= 74.07MPA

2. For the truss shown calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and
Df. The cross sectional area of each member is 1.8in^2. Indicate
Tension (T) of Compression (C) ANS; DF=18.52ksi (C),
DE=22.22ksi (T) & CE= 9.26ksi (T)
BEARING STRESS
- Contact pressure between separate bodies
- Stress caused by compressive force
- Example: Soil pressure beneath a support,
contact pressure between a rivet and the
side of its hole.

𝑷𝒃 𝑷𝒃
𝜎𝒃 = =
𝑨𝒃 𝒅𝒕
SHEARING STRESS
- Stressed cause by shearing force (e.g. Bolts,
Pins, Rivets)
- Acts tangent or parallel to the resisting
surface

𝑷
𝝉=
𝑨
THIN WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL
- Often cylindrical and spherical in shapes (e.g. tanks and
vessels )
- Pressure acting on the inner surface of the cylinder is
resisted by tensile stresses in the walls of the vessels
CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSEL
- 2 stress being develop
1. Circumferential stress or tangential stress
2. Longitudinal stress
Circumferential stress
- Normal stress component on a longitudinal section

𝒑𝑫
𝝈𝒄 =
𝟐𝒕

Longitudinal stress
- Normal stress component on transverse section

𝒑𝑫
𝝈𝒍 =
𝟒𝒕
SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL
- Same analysis as longitudinal stress in a cylinder

𝒑𝑫
𝝈𝒍 =
𝟒𝒕
Sample Problems
1.A spherical shell with a 70inch outer diameter and
67inches inner diameter contains helium at a
pressure of 1200psi. Compute the stress in the shell.

2.A Spherical pressure vessel has a 1.5ft inner radius

and 3/16 inch wall thickness. If the working tensile
stress of the material is 6000psi. Determine the
maximum allowable pressure.
3. The cylindrical portion of a propane tank has an
outer diameter of 12inch and a wall thickness of
0.125inch. Calculate the longitudinal and
circumferential stress in the wall of the cylinder when
the tank is pressurized to 2000psi.

4. Calculate the minimum wall thickness for a

cylindrical vessel that is to carry a gas at a pressure of
1400 psi. The inner diameter of the vessel is 2ft and
the stress is limited to 12ksi.