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Hate, Politics, Law: Critical

Perspectives on Combating Hate


Thomas Brudholm
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undurable basis of Classical, 132, 198;
column, and arch, 166, 184, 204, 214, 236, 260n., 345;
dimension and direction, cultural relation, 169n., 177, 184, 205,
224;
symbolism in Chinese, 190, 196;
imitation and ornament, becoming and become, 194-198, 202;
history of techniques and ideas, 195;
of Civilization period, 197;
stage of Russian, 201;
Classical, feeble development of style, 204;
pseudomorphic Late-Classical, basilica, 209, 212, 214;
Arabian, dome type, 208, 210-212;
Western façade and visage, 224;
cathedral and infinite space, forest character, 198-200, 224, 396;
Arabian in Italy, 235;
place of Renaissance, 235;
Michelangelo and Baroque, 277;
and cultural morale, 345;
contemporary cultural epochs, table ii.
See also Art; Baroque; Egyptian Culture; Doric; Gothic;
Romanesque
Archytas, irrational numbers and fate, 65n.;
and higher powers, 66;
contemporaries, 78, 90, 112, table i;
and metaphysics, 366
Arezzo, school of art, 268
Aristarchus of Samos, and Eastern thought, 9;
and heliocentric system, 68, 69, 139
Aristogiton, statue, 269n.
Aristophanes, and burlesque, 30, 320n.
Aristotle, ahistoric consciousness, 9;
entelechy, 15;
contemporaries, 17, table i;
and philosophy of being, 49n.;
mechanistic world-conception, 99, 392;
and deity, 124, 313;
tabulation of categories, 125;
as collector, 136n.;
as Plato’s opposite, 159;
on tragedy, 203, 318, 320, 321, 351;
on body and soul, 259;
on Zeuxis, 284;
and inward life, 317;
and philanthropy, 351;
and Civilization, 352;
and diet, 361;
culmination of Classical philosophy, 365, 366;
and mathematics, 366;
on atoms, 386;
as atheist, 409;
condemnation, 411
Arithmetic, Kant’s error, 6n.;
and time, 125, 126.
See also Mathematics
Army, Roman notion, 335
Arnold of Villanova, and chemistry, 384n.
Art and arts, irrational polar idea, 20;
as sport, 35;
and future of Western Culture, 40;
as mathematical expression, 57, 58, 61, 62, 70;
Arabian, relation to algebra, 72;
and vision, 96;
causal and destiny sides, 127, 128;
Western, and “memory,” 132n.;
mortality, 167;
religious character of early periods, 185;
lack of early Chinese survivals, 190n.;
as expression-language, 191;
and witnesses, 191;
imitation and ornament, 191-194;
their opposition, becoming and become, 194-196;
typism, 193;
so-called, of Civilization, copyists, 197, 293-295;
meaning of style, 200, 201;
forms and cultural spirituality, 214-216;
as symbolic expression of Culture, 219, 259;
expression-methods of wordless, 219n.;
sense-impression and classification, 220, 221;
historical boundaries, organism, 221;
species within a Culture, no rebirths, 222-224;
early period architecture as mother, 224;
Western philosophical association, 229;
secularization of Western, 230;
dominance of Western music, 231;
outward forms and cultural meaning, 238;
and popularity, 242;
space and philosophy, 243;
cultural basis of composition, 243;
symptom of decline, striving, 291, 292;
trained instinct and minor artists, 292, 293;
cultural association with morale, 344;
contemporary cultural epochs, table ii.
See also Imitation; Ornament; Science; Style; arts by name
Aryan hero-tales, contemporaries, table i
Asklepios, as Christian title, 408n.
Astrology, cultural attitude, 132, 147
Astronomy, Classical Culture and, 9;
heliocentric system, 68, 139;
dimensional figures, 83;
cultural significance, 330-332
Ataraxia, Stoic ideal, 343, 347, 352, 361
Atheism, and “God”, 312n.;
as definite phenomenon, position, 408, 409;
cultural basis of structure, 409;
and toleration, 410, 411
Athene, as goddess, 268
Athens, and Paris, 27;
culture city, 32;
as religious, 358
Athtar, temples, 210
Atlantis, and voyages of Northmen, 332n.
Atmosphere, in painting, 287
Atomic theories, Boscovich’s, 314n.;
cultural basis, 384-387, 419;
disintegration hypotheses, 423
Augustan Age, Atticism, 28n.
Augustine, Saint, and time, 124, 140;
and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Augustus, as epoch, 140;
statue, 295
Aurelian, favourite god, 406;
contemporaries, table iii
Avalon, and Valhalla, 401
Avesta. See Zend Avesta
Aviation, Leonardo’s interest, 279
Avicenna, on light, 381;
contemporaries, table i
Axum, empire, and world-history, 16, 208, 209n., 223

Baader, Franz X. von, and dualism, 307


Baal, shrines as basilicas, 209n.;
cults, 406, 407;
contemporaries, table i
Baalbek, basilica, 209n.;
Sun Temple as pseudomorphic, 210
Babylon, and time, 9, 15;
geographical science, 10;
place in history, 17;
autumnal city, 79
Baccio della Porta. See Bartolommeo
Bach, John Sebastian, contemporaries, 27, 112, 417, table ii;
as analysist, 62;
contemporary mathematic, 78;
fugue, 230;
and dominance of music, 231;
and popularity, 243;
pure music, 283;
ease, 292;
ethical passion, 355;
God-feeling, 394
Bachofen, Johann J., Classical ideology, 28;
on stone, 188
Backgrounds, in Renaissance art, 237;
in Western painting, 239;
in Western gardening, 240.
See also Depth-experience
Bacon, Francis, Shakespeare controversy, 135n.
Bacon, Roger, world-conception, 99;
and mechanical necessity, 392;
contemporaries, table i
Bähr, Georg, architecture, 285
Baghdad, autumnal city, 79;
contemporary cities, 112;
philosophy of school, 248, 306, 307;
contemporaries of school, table i
Ballade, origin, 229
Bamberg Cathedral, sculpture, 235
Barbarossa, symbolism, 403
Baroque, mathematic, 58, 77;
musical association, 87, 228n., 230;
as stage of style, 202;
sculpture as allegory, 219n.;
origin, 236;
depth-experience in painting, 239;
in gardening, 240;
portraits, 265;
Michelangelo’s relation, 277;
philosophy, reason and will, 308;
soul, 313, 314;
contemporaries, table ii.
See also Art
Bartolommeo, Fra (Baccio della Porta), and line, 280;
dynamic God-feeling, 394
Basilica, as pseudomorphic type, 209, 210;
and Western cathedral, 211, 224;
contemporaries, table ii
Basilica of Maxentius (Constantine), Arabian influences, 212
Basra School, philosophy, 248, 306;
contemporaries, table i
Basso continuo. See Thoroughbass.
Baths of Caracalla, Syrian workmen, 211, 212
Battista of Urbino, portrait, 279
Baudelaire, Pierre Charles, sensuousness, 35;
autumnal accent, 241;
and the decadent, 292
Bayle, Pierre, and imperialism, 150
Bayreuth. See Wagner
Beauty, transience, cultural basis, 194;
as Classical rôle, 317
Become, Civilization as, 31, 46;
philosophers, 49n.;
explained, relationships, 53;
and learning, 56;
and extension, 56;
and mathematical number, 70, 95;
relation to nature and history, 94-98, 102, 103;
and symbolism, 101;
and causality and destiny, 119;
and problem of time, 122;
and mortality, 167;
in art, 194.
See also Becoming; Causality; Nature; Space
Becoming, and history, 25, 94-98, 102, 103;
philosophers, 49n.;
explained, relationships, 53;
intuition, 56;
and direction, 56;
and chronological number, 70;
relation to nature and destiny and causality, 119, 138, 139;
and mathematics, 125, 126;
in art, 194.
See also Become; Destiny; History; Time
Beech, as symbol, 396
Beethoven, Ludwig van, contemporary mathematic, 78, 90;
and pure reason, 120;
and imagination, 220;
orchestration, 231;
inwardness, “brown” music, 251, 252, 252n.;
music as confession, 264;
period, 284;
straining, 291;
contemporaries, table ii
Bell, as Western symbol, 134n.
Bellini, Giovanni, and portrait, 272, 273
Benares, autumnal city, 99
Benedetto da Maiano, and ornament, 238;
and portrait, 272
Bentham, Jeremy, and imperialism, 150;
and economic ascendency, 367;
contemporaries, table i
Berengar of Tours, controversy, 185
Berkeley, George, on mathematics and faith, 78n.
Berlin, megalopolitanism, 33;
as irreligious, 79, 358
Berlioz, Hector, contemporaries, table ii
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, contemporaries, 400, table i
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, architecture, 87, 231, 244, 245;
contemporaries, table ii
Bernward, Saint, as architect, 107n., 206
Berry, Duke of, Books of Hours, 239
Beyle, Henri. See Stendhal
Bible, and periodic history, 18;
as Arabian symbol, 248.
See also Christianity
Biedermeyer, contemporaries, table ii
Binchois, Égide, music, 230
Binomial theorem, discovery, 75
Biography, and portraiture, 12;
Cultures and, 13, 14;
and character, 316;
and Western tragedy, 318.
See also Portraiture
Biology, and preordained life-duration, 108;
in politics, 156;
as weakest science, 157;
and Civilization, 360
Bismarck, Fürst von, wars and cultural rhythm, 110n.;
and destiny, 145;
morale, 349
Bizet, Georges, “brown” music, 252
Blood, Leonardo’s discovery of circulation, 278
Blue, symbolism, 245, 246
Boccaccio, Giovanni, and Homer, 268n.
Body, as symbol of Classical Culture, 174;
and geometrical systems, 176n.;
in Arabian philosophy, 248;
and soul, Classical expression, 259-261.
See also Sculpture; Spirit
Böcklin, Arnold, act and portrait, 271n.;
painting, 289, 290
Boehme, Jakob, contemporaries, table i
Bogomils, iconoclasts, 383
Bohr, Niels, and mass, 385, 419
Boltzmann, Ludwig, on probability, 380n.
Boniface, Saint, as missionary, 360
Book, and cult-building, 197n.
Books of Hours, Berry’s, 239
Books of Numa, burning, 411
Boomerang, and mathematical instinct, 58
Borgias, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe, and physics, 314n., 415
Botticelli, Sandro, Dutch influence, 236;
goldsmith, 237;
and portrait, 271, 272
Boucher, François, and body, 271
Boulle, André C., Chippendale’s ascendency, 150n.
Bourbons, analogy, 39
Boyle, Robert, and element, 384
Brahmanism, transvaluation, 352;
Buddhist interpretation of Karma, 357;
contemporaries of Brahmanas, table i.
See also Indian Culture
Brain, and soul, 367
Bramante, Donato d’Angnolo, plan of St. Peter’s, 184
Brancacci Chapel, 237, 279
Brass musical instruments, colour expression, 252n.
Bronze, and Classical expression, 253;
patina, 253;
Michelangelo and, 276
Brothers of Sincerity, on light, 381;
contemporaries, table i
Brown, symbolism of studio, 250, 288;
Leonardo and, 280
Bruckner, Anton, end-art, 223;
“brown” music, 252
Bruges, loss of prestige, 33;
as religious, 358
Brunelleschi, Filippo, linear perspective, 240;
and antique, 275n.;
architecture, 313
Bruno, Giordano, world, 56;
martyrdom, 68;
and vision, 96;
esoteric, 326;
astronomy, 331;
contemporaries, table i
Brutus, M. Junius, character, 5
Buckle, Henry T., and evolution, 371
Buddhism, and Civilization, end-phenomenon, materialism, 32, 352,
356, 357, 359, 409;
and state, 138;
Nirvana, 178, 357, 361;
morale, 341, 347;
scientific basis of ideas, 353;
moral philosophy, 355;
as peasant religion, 356n.;
and Christianity, 357;
and contemporaries, 357, 358, 361, table i;
and diet, 361.
See also Religion
Burckhardt, Jacob, Classical ideology, 28;
on Renaissance, 234
Buridan, Jean, Occamist, 381
Burlesque, Classical, 30, 320
Busts, Classical, as portraits, 269, 272
Buxtehude, Dietrich, organ works, 220
Byron, George, Lord, and Civilization, 110
Byzantinism, as Civilization, 106;
and portraiture, 130n.;
style, 206;
Acanthus motive, 215;
allegorical painting, 219n.;
contemporaries, tables ii, iii.
See also Arabian Culture
Byzantium, tenement houses, 34n.

Cabeo, Nicolaus, theory of magnetism, 414


Caccias, character, 229
Cæsar, C. Julius, analogies, 4, 38;
and newspaper, 5;
and democracy, 5;
conquest of Gaul, 36n.;
practicality, 38;
and calendar and duration, 133;
and economic organization, 138;
and destiny, 139;
bust, 272;
morale, 349;
Divus Julius, 407;
contemporaries, table iii
Cæsarism, and money, 36;
contemporary periods, table iii
Calchas, cult, 185
Calculus, and Classical astronomy, 69;
limit-idea, 86;
Newtonian and Leibnizian, 126n.;
and religion, 170;
as Jesuit style, 412;
basis threatened, 419.
See also Mathematics
Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, plays as confession, 264
Calendar, Cæsar’s, 133
Caliphate, Diocletian’s government, 72, 212;
deification of caliph, 405
Callicles, ethic, 351
Calvin, John, predestination and evolution, 140n., 141;
and Western morale, 348;
variety of religion, 394;
contemporaries, table i
Can Grande, statue, 272
Cannæ, as climax, 36
Canning, George, and imperialism, 149n.
Cantata, and orchestra, 230
Canzoni, character, 229
Caracalla, and citizenship and army, 335, 407
Carcassonne, restoration, 254n.
Cardano, Girolamo, and numbers, 75
Care, and distance, 12;
cultural attitude, relation to state, 136, 137;
and maternity, 267
Carissimi, Giacomo, music, pictorial character, 230, 283
Carneades, and mechanical necessity, 393
Carstens, Armus J., naturalism, 212
Carthage. See Punic Wars
Carthaginians, and geography, 10n., 333
Castle, and cathedral, 195, 229
Catacombs, art, 137n., 224
Categories, tabulation, 125
Catharine of Siena, Saint, and Gothic, 235
Cathedral, as ornament, 195;
and castle, 229;
forest-character, 396;
contemporaries, table ii.
See also Gothic; Romanesque
Cato, M. Porcius, Stoicism and income, 33
Cauchy, Augustin Louis, notation, 77;
mathematic problem, 85;
and infinitesimal calculus, 86;
mathematical position, 90;
goal of analysis, 418;
contemporaries, table i
Causality, history and Kantian, 7;
and historiography, 28;
and number, 56;
and pure phenomenon, 111n.;
and destiny and history, limited domain, 117-121, 151, 156-159;
and space and time, 119, 120, 142;
and principle, 121;
and grace, 141;
and reason, 308;
and Civilization, 360;
and destiny in natural science, 379;
and mechanical necessity, 392-394.
See also Become; Destiny; Nature; Space
Cavern, as symbol, 200, 209, 215, 224
Celtic art, as Arabian, 215
Centre of time, and history, 103
Ceres, materiality, 403
Cervantes, Miguel de, tragic method, 319
Ceylon, Mahavansa, 12
Cézanne, Paul, landscapes, 289;
striving, 292
Chæronea, issue at battle, 35
Chalcedon, Council of, and Godhead, 209, 249
Chaldeans, astronomy, Classical reaction, 147
Chamber-music, as summit of Western art, 231
Chan-Kwo period, contemporaries, table iii
Character, and person, 259;
and will, Western ego, 314, 335;
Cultures and study, 316;
gesture as Classical substitute, 316;
in Western tragedy, Classical contrast, 317-326.
See also Morale; Soul
Chardin, Jean B. S., and French tradition, 289
Chares, Helios and gigantomachia, 291
Charity. See Compassion
Charlemagne, analogies, 4, 38;
contemporaries, table iii
Charles XII of Sweden, analogy, 4
Chartres Cathedral, sculpture, 235, 261
Chemistry, thoughtless hypotheses, 156n.;
no Classical, 383;
Western so-called, 384;
as Arabian system, 384, 393;
new essence, entropy, 426.
See also Natural science
Cheops, dynasty, 58n.
Chephren, dynasty, 58n.;
tomb-pyramid, 196, 203
Chian, contemporaries, table iii
Children, Western portraiture, 266-268. See also Motherland.
Chinese Culture, historic feeling, 14;
imperialism, 37;
philosophers, 42, 45;
time-measurement, 134n.;
'ancestral worship, 135n.;
and care, 136;
attitude toward state, 137;
economic organization, 138;
destiny-idea, landscape as prime symbol, 190, 196, 203;
lack of early art survivals, 190n.;
and tutelage, 213;
music, 228;
gardening, 240;
bronzes, patina, 253n.;
portraiture, 260, 262;
Civilization, 295;
soul, perspective as expression, 310n.;
passive morale, 315, 341, 347;
and discovery, 333, 336;
political epochs, table iii.
See also Cultures
Chippendale, Thomas, position, 150n.
Chivalry, southern type, 233n.
Chorus, in art-history, 191;
in Classical tragedy, 324
Chosroes-Nushirvan, art of period, 203
Chóu Li, on Chóu dynasty, 137
Chóu Period, and care, 137;
contemporaries, table iii
Christianity, comparisons, 4;
Eastern, and historical-periods, 22n.;
and poor Stoics, 33n.;
as Arabian, 72, 402;
Mary-cult, Madonna in art, 136, 267, 268;
destiny in Western, 140;
architectural expression of early, 208-211;
colour and gold as symbols, 247-250;
in Western art, spiritual space, 279;
dualism in early, 306;
“passion”, 320n.;
Eastern, and home, 335;
Western transformation of morale, 344, 347, 348;
and Buddhism, 357;
of Fathers and Crusades, 357n.;
missionarism, 360;
God-man problem as alchemistic, 383;
and mechanical necessity, miracles, 392, 393;
elements of Western, 399-401;
foreign gods as titles, 408n.
See also Religion
Chronology, relation of Classical Culture, 9, 10;
as number, 97, 153n.;
and the when, 126;
and archæology, 134.
See also History
Chrysippus, and Stoicism, 33, 358;
and corporeality, 177
Chuang-tsü, practical philosophy, 45
Chun-Chiu Period, contemporaries, table iii
Cicero, M. Tullius, analogy, 4
Cimabue, Giovanni, and nature, 192;
and Byzantine art, 238;
and Francis of Assisi, 249n.;
and portraiture, 273
Cimarosa, Domenico, ease, 292
Cistercians, soul, 360
Citizenship, Classical concept, 334. See also Politics
Civilization, defined, as destiny of a Culture, 31-34, 106, 252, 353,
354;
and the “become”, 31, 46;
and megalopolitanism, 32, 35;
money as symbol, 34-36;
and economic motives, 35;
imperialism, 36;
destiny of Western, 37, 38;
and scepticism, 46, 409;
Alexander-idea, 150;
English basis of Western, 151, 371;
Western, effect on history, 151;
so-called art, 197, 293-295;
style histories, 207;
Western painting, plein-air, 251, 288, 289;
and gigantomachia, 291;
Manet and Wagner, 293;
transvaluation of values, striving, 351, 353;
Nihilism and inward finishedness, 352;
manifestations, 353, 354;
problematic and plebeian morale, 354, 355;
and irreligion, 358;
diatribe as phenomenon, 359;
and biological philosophies, philosophical essence, 361, 367;
natural science, 417;
contemporary spiritual epochs, table i;
contemporary art epochs, table ii;
contemporary political epochs, table iii.
See also Cultures
Clarke, Samuel, and imperialism, 150
Classical Culture, philosophy, culmination, 3, 45;
ahistoric basis, 8-10, 12n., 97, 103, 131-135, 254, 255, 264, 363;
and chronology, 9, 10n.;
and geography, 10n.;
religious expression, bodied pantheon, later monotheistic
tendencies, 10, 11, 13, 187, 312, 397, 398, 402-408;
and mortality, funeral customs, 13, 134;
portraiture, 13, 130, 264, 265, 269, 272;
and archæology, 14;
and measurement of time, 15;
mathematic, 15, 63-65, 69, 77, 83, 84, 90;
contemporary Western periods, 26;
Western views, ideology, 27-31, 76, 81, 237, 238, 243, 254, 270,
323;
“Classical” and “antike”, 28n.;
civilization, Rome, Stoicism, 32-34, 36, 44, 294, 352;
cosmology, astronomy, 63, 68, 69, 147, 330;
cultural significance of mathematic, 65-67, 70;
and algebra, 71;
surviving forms under Arabian Culture, 72, 73, 208;
opposition to Western soul, 78;
and space, 81-84, 88, 175n.;
“smallness”, 83;
relation to proportion and function, 84, 85;
popularity, 85, 254, 326-328;
and destiny-idea, dramatic illustration, 129, 130, 143, 146, 147,
317-326, 424;
care and sex attitude, family and home, 136, 266-268, 334-337;
attitude toward state, 137, 147;
and economic organization, 138;
actualization of the corporeal only, sculpture, 176-178, 225, 259-
261;
soul, attributes, 183, 304, 305;
architectural expression, 184, 198, 224;
weak style, 203;
art-work and sense-organ, 220;
and music, 223, 227;
and form and content, 242;
and composition, 243;
colour, 245-247;
nature idea, statics, 263, 382-384, 392;
and discovery, 278;
painting, 287;
will-less-ness, 309, 310;
lack of character, gesture as substitute, 316;
art and time of day, 325;
morale, ethic of attitude, 341, 342, 347, 351;
and “action”, 342n.;
cult and dogma, 401, 410;
and strange gods, 404;
scientific periods, 424;
spiritual epochs, table i;
art epochs, table ii;
political epochs, table iii.
See also Art; Cultures; Renaissance; Science
Classicism, and dying Culture, 108;
defined, 197;
period in style, 207
Claude Lorrain, landscape as space, 184;
“singing” picture, 219;
and ruins, 254;
colour, 246, 288;
period, 283;
landscape as portrait, 287
Cleanliness, cultural attitude, 260
Cleisthenes, contemporaries, table iii
Cleomenes III, contemporaries, table iii
Cleon, and economic organization, 138
Clepsydra, Plato’s, 15
Clock, and historic consciousness, 14;
religious aspect, 15n.;
cultural attitude, 131, 134
Clouds, in paintings, 239
Cluniac reform, and architecture, 185
Clytæmnestra, and Helen, 268
Cnidian Aphrodite, 108, 268
Cnossos art, 224n., 293;
contemporaries, table ii

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