LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

Levels Arithmetic Features Example

 Counting  Categories Religion

Nominal

 Counting  Categories Economic

Ordinal  Ranking  Ranks Status

 Counting
 Categories
 Ranking
Interval  Ranks IQ Score
 Addition
 Has equal units
 Subtraction

 Counting  Categories
 Ranking  Ranks
Family size
R a tio  Addition  Has equal units
 Subtraction  Has absolute zero
 Multiplication
 Division

Subah Tarannum ; 62nd

 Skewness vs Kurtosis

BASIS FOR
SKEWNESS KURTOSIS
COMPARISON

Kurtosis means the measure of

Skewness alludes the tendency
the respective sharpness of the
Meaning of a distribution that determines
curve, in the frequency
its symmetry about the mean.
distribution.

Degree of lopsidedness in the Degree of tailedness in the

M ea s u r e
for di s t r i b u t i o n . distribution.

It is the measure of data, which

It is an indicator of lack of
is either peaked or flat in
What is it? equivalence in the frequency
relation to the normal
di s t r i b u t i o n .
distribution.

Amount and direction of the How tall and sharp the central
Represents
skew. p e a k is ?

T yp es

Subah Tarannum ; 62nd

 The most important measure of kurtosis based on the second and fourth moments.

Measures of Skewness

 If Mean > Mode, the skewness is positive.

 If Mean < Mode, the skewness is negative.

 If Mean = Mode, the skewness is zero.

Subah Tarannum ; 62nd

CENTRAL
MOMENTS