I.

VOCABULARY

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective

Heart Cardiac Aorta Aortic Septum Septal

Atrium Atrial Lung Pulmonary Thorax Thoracic
Ventricle Ventricular Kidney Renal Abdomen Abdominal
Vessel Vascular Liver Hepatic Periphery Peripheral
Artery Arterial Stomach Ventral
Vein Venous Brain Cervical

PLANES

Median or Sagittal (looking from the side/profile)

Coronal or Frontal (looking across the face)
Horixontal or Transverse (looking from the head down)

Sagittal-Frontal Horizontal-Vertical-
 DİRECTİONS
Anterior vs. Posterior Antero-posterior Distal vs. Proximal
Inferior vs. Superior Antero-Septal Dorsal vs. Ventral
Lateral vs. Medial Infero-Lateral Cranial vs. Caudal
Infero-Septal
 II. CALCULATIONS
1. UNİTS
Pressure (PLV) Flow (QLV)

132.33 Pa N Liter 1 𝑚3 1 min −4 𝑚3

120 mmHg ( )= 16x103 Pa( ) 6 ( 3 ) ( ) = 10
1 mmHg 𝑚2 𝑚𝑖𝑛 10 𝐿 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐
1 atm
=120 mmHg (
760 mmHg
) = 16x10−2 atm
𝑚3 106 𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚3
(⇨ 1 atm=105 Pa) = 10−4 ( ) = 100
𝑠𝑒𝑐 1 𝑚3 𝑠𝑒𝑐
2. CARDİAC WORK AND POWER

Work Pressure ∗ Volume Volume

Power (Watts) = = = Pressure ∗ = Pressure ∗ Flow
Time Time Time

N m3
Power (Watts) = Pressure (Pa ≡ ) ∗ Flow ( )
m2 sec

N 3−4 m3 N−m
PowerLV (Watts) = 16x10 ( 2 ) ∗ 10 ( ) = 1.6 Watt (≡ )
m sec sec
3. LUMPED VASCULAR RESISTANCES

∆𝑃 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑅= ( ≡ 𝑊𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠)
𝑄 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐 ≝ 𝑆ystemic Vascular Resistance (𝑆𝑉𝑅)
120 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
= 20 𝑊𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
6 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 ≝ Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (𝑃𝑉𝑅)
30 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
= 5 𝑊𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
6 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛
4. COMPLIANCE
∆𝑉 𝑚𝐿 1 mmHg 1 𝑚3
𝐶= ( )( )( ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑃 − 𝑉 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
∆𝑃 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 132.33 Pa 106 𝑚𝐿
𝑑𝑉 𝑚𝐿 1 mmHg 1 𝑚3
𝐶= ( )( )( ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑃 − 𝑉 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
𝑑𝑃 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 132.33 Pa 106 𝑚𝐿
III. MODELS