7 December 2021 Exam, Page 1 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Exam
Copyright reserved
Electricity and Electronics EBN 122
7 December 2021

Test Information
Maximum marks: 94 Full marks: 90
Duration of test: 200 min Open/Closed book: Open
Total number of pages (this page included) 30

Lecturers: Prof P. de Villiers, Prof P. Jacobs, Dr S. Smith

Assistant Lecturers: L. Kokot, N.-J. Lord, M. Maritz, J. Thiselton, M. Trivedi

Important
1. The examination regulations of the University of Pretoria apply.
2. Write your answers on the Excel spreadsheet found on the AMS system. The spreadsheet contains unique
parameter values for each student. Therefore, you must download the Excel spreadsheet from your own AMS
account. Follow the instructions on the AMS spreadsheet carefully.
3. Final answers must be written as real numbers and not as fractions. Use at least 5 significant figures to write
numbers, including complex numbers. Use decimal points and NOT decimal commas.
4. Answers must include units where applicable. (Refer to the EECE Rules for Electronic Assessments of tests
and examinations for guidelines on how to enter units. Also refer to the example list of units on the Excel
spreadsheet.)
5. By uploading your assessment, you declare the following:
The University of Pretoria commits itself to produce academic work of integrity. I affirm that I am aware
of and have read the Rules and Policies of the University, more specifically the Disciplinary Procedure and
the Tests and Examinations Rules, which prohibit any unethical, dishonest or improper conduct during tests,
examinations and/or any other forms of assessment.
I hereby declare that the work herewith is completely my own and that no parts have been copied in any way
from current or previous students or other sources.

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 2 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Online assessment submission rules and time-line

The following rules and time-line apply for all tests for EBN111/122 as illustrated by the figure below:
1. The Download Grace Period (DGP) is a 15 minute period before the official start of the test for students to
download all documents related to the test and read all the necessary instructions.
2. The start of the green section after the DGP indicates the official start of the test.
3. The upward green arrow at the end of the green section indicates the official submission deadline for the test.
4. Students must aim to submit their Excel spreadsheet with their answers on the AMS before the official sub-
mission deadline.
5. Students can request assistance via e-mail ebn2021.ams@gmail.com if they experience any technical issues
with respect to uploading their Excel spreadsheets on the AMS.
6. An Upload Grace Period (UGP) of 15 minutes follows the official submission deadline. Students may submit
their Excel spreadsheets with answers on the AMS during this period without incurring any penalties. Submis-
sion problems must be reported within the first 10 minutes of the UGP.
7. A Penalty Period (PP) of 10 minutes follows the UGP. If a student submits an Excel spreadsheet during this
period, the student incurs a 10% penalty to their final test mark.
8. No late submissions are accepted after the PP.

Additional guide for Complex numbers

The following examples illustrate how to appropriately enter complex numbers on the Excel Spreadsheet:
• Correct: 1-j2 or -3+j4
• This is the rectangular form of a complex number. This format is acceptable as a single number entry in
the numeric field.
• Capital J is however incorrect, and 1-2j is also not acceptable.
• If a complex number has no real part, for example 0+j2, write 0+j2 as the final answer.
• Correct:
• With angle in degrees: 12∠ 34°
• With angle in radians: 12∠ 0.5934
• A complex number in its polar form is regarded as a single number entry with the angle in degrees or
radians.
• Incorrect:
• 1-i2 (Don’t use i, use j)
• 1 - j2 (Don’t use spaces between characters)
• 12 ∠ 34 ° (Don’t use spaces between characters)
• j10+1 (Don’t write the imaginary part before the real part for rectangular form)
• -3+4j (Don’t write the j after the number for imaginary numbers, write j4 instead of 4j)

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 3 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 1

Questions 1 to 3 [4]
Given: x, y.
A lightning bolt induces a constant current of x kA for y µs as it strikes the ground.
01 How much charge Ql is transferred by the lightning bolt? [1]
02 If the voltage of the bolt is 109 V with reference to the ground, how much power Pl is dis-
sipated as a result of the strike? [1]
03 Calculate the total energy El of the lightning bolt in Wh. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 4 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 4 to 5 [4]
Given: Rs , v1 , v2 .
A series circuit consists of a voltage source and a resistor with a resistance of Rs . The time varying
voltage across the resistor changes linearly from v1 to v2 between times t = 0 and t = 10 seconds.
The voltage then remains constant at v2 for another 10 seconds.
04 Calculate the value of the charge Qs flowing between t = 0 and t = 20 seconds. [2]
05 Calculate the power Pv associated with the source at t = 5 seconds. [2]

Total Section 1: [8]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 5 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 2

Questions 6 to 7 [4]
Given: Ra .

v1
+ −
i1
1Ω
3i1

Ra 5Ω 10 Ω +
− 6V

1A

06 Calculate the power Pa of Ra . [2]

07 Calculate the voltage v1 . [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 6 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 8 to 9 [4]
Given: Ra , I, Rb .

v1
+ −

+ Ra Ra 3Rb 6Rb Rb 3v1

− 4V

08 If v1 = 3 V, determine R. [2]
09 If v1 = 1.5 V, determine I. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 7 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Question 10 [2]
Given: Rx , Ry .

3Rx

Rx Rx
a

Rab Rx

Ry Ry
b

10 Determine Rab [2]

Total Section 2: [10]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 8 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 3

Questions 11 to 14 [4]
Given: Rx , Ia , Va , X, Y .
Use nodal analysis to set up equations for node 1 and node 2 respectively in the form

av1 + bv2 = X,
cv1 + dv2 = Y.

The node voltage of node 1 is denoted by v1 and the node voltage of node 2 is denoted by v2 .
Calculate the unknown coefficients a, b, c and d.

Rx

Ia
Rx
1
2
+ −
vo
Rx

+ Va 2Rx
−

+
5vo
−

11 a [1]
12 b [1]
13 c [1]
14 d [1]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 9 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 15 to 18 [4]
Given: R1 , I1 .
Use mesh analysis to set up the following two equations of the form:

ji1 + ki2 = 15
li1 + mi2 = I1

Calculate the unknown coefficients j, k, l and m.

2i2
2R1

2R1

15 V
2.5R1
i3 R1
−
+

I1

0.5R1 i1 i2 R1

2R1

15 j [1]
16 k [1]
17 l [1]
18 m [1]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 10 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 19 to 22 [4]
Given: G1 , Iq .
Use inspection to compile a matrix equation of the form
    
· · v v1 ·
w x ·  v2  =  ·  ,
· · · v3 y

and provide values for the matrix elements requested. The node voltage of node 1 is denoted by v1 ,
the node voltage of node 2 is denoted by v2 and the node voltage of node 3 is denoted by v3 .

G1

5Iq

2G1 4G1
1 2
3

10Iq 4G1 2G1 4Iq

19 v [1]
20 w [1]
21 x [1]
22 y [1]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 11 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Question 23 [2]
Given: β, VBE , V1 .

1 kΩ

−
+
100 kΩ
V1
+ 20 V
+ −
10 V
−
IE

23 Calculate the current IE . [2]

Total Section 3: [14]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 12 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 4

Questions 24 to 25 [4]
Given: I1 , V1 , R.

ix 15 V
R

+
−
−
+ V1

I1 20 Ω 3A

24 Determine ix (I1 ), the independent contribution of the current source I1 to ix . [2]

25 Determine ix (V1 ), the independent contribution of the voltage source V1 to ix [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 13 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 26 to 27 [3]
Given: VA , IA , RA .
Use source transformation to obtain Circuit B so that it is equivalent to Circuit A. Determine RB
and VB in Circuit B.
Circuit A:

3vx
RA

+
−
+

VA + IA RA vx 50 Ω
−

Circuit B:

RB

+
VB − 3vx vx 50 Ω
−

26 RB [1]
27 VB [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 14 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 28 to 29 [4]
Given: V1 , V2 , R.
Determine the Thevenin equivalent voltage VT h and resistance RT h across terminals a − b.

100 Ω 100 Ω

+ −
V1 + V2
−

28 VT h . [2]
29 RT h . [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 15 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 30 to 31 [4]
Given: V1 , R.
Determine the Norton equivalent current IN and resistance RN across terminals a − b.

0.01vx
R
a

+
−
+ +
V1
−

vx 100 Ω

R
−

30 IN . [2]
31 RN . [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 16 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Question 32 [2]
Given: VRL , IN .
A Norton equivalent circuit is connected to a load resistor RL . If the voltage across RL is VRL and
the Norton equivalent current is IN , determine the maximum power Pmax delivered to RL .
32 Pmax . [2]

Total Section 4: [17]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 17 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 5

Question 33 [2]
Given: VS , RS .
Assume the op-amp is ideal.

RS

−
10 kΩ
+ +
8 kΩ
vo 5 kΩ
+ VS 2 kΩ
−
−

33 Determine v0 . [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 18 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 34 to 35 [4]
Given: I1 , V1 , R1 .
Assume the op-amp is ideal.

R1

+
10k Ω

v0 5 kΩ
I1

+ V1
− −

34 Determine v0 . [2]
35 Assuming I1 = 0 mA, determine v0 . [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 19 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 36 to 37 [4]
Given: V1 , v0 .
Assume the op-amp is ideal.

10 kΩ

15 V

2 kΩ 10 kΩ R + +

-15 V
v0

+ + −
10 V V1 + 5V
− −
−

36 Determine R. [2]
37 Determine the value of R that will drive the op-amp from the linear region into positive
saturation. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 20 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 38 to 39 [4]
Assume the op-amps are ideal and determine vx for the parameters given below.

V2
1 kΩ

+
−
−
+
vx +
+
−
−
5 kΩ

+
− V1
10 kΩ
10 kΩ

Given: V1 , V2 .
38 Determine vx . [2]
Given: i, R.
39 Assuming that V1 and V2 are unknown, determine vx . [2]

Total Section 5: [14]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 21 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 6

Question 40 [2]
Given: C, P .
40 Calculate the voltage v(t) at time t = 1 s across a capacitor with capacitance C if the cur-
rent through the capacitor is given by i(t) = P (1 − e−10t ) A, and the initial voltage is
v(0) = 1 V. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 22 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Question 41 [1]
Given: D.
41 An observer claims that he/she has observed the voltage v(t) (given below) across a capac-
itor:
v(t) = 0 V t<0
v(t) = D V 0≤t≤2s

Choose the correct statement:

1. It is possible that the claim is true.

2. It is impossible for the claim to be true.
Write 1 if statement 1 is correct or 2 if statement 2 is correct. [1]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 23 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Question 42 [2]
Given: R, L, C.

L R

L
5V C R
−

tot
42 Under DC conditions, calculate wL , the total energy stored in the inductors. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 24 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Question 43 [2]
Given: C1 , C2 .

C2 C2

C1

C2 C2

43 Calculate the equivalent capacitance Ceq with respect to terminals a - b. [2]

Total Section 6: [7]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 25 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 7

Question 44 [2]
Given: R, L, C.
C
R
a

44 Calculate the angular frequency ω at which Zab , the equivalent impedance with respect to
terminals a − b, will be purely resistive. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 26 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 45 to 46 [4]
Given: R, X1 , X2 , VL .

+ V0 −

10∠30◦ V + R
−

R Z

20∠60◦ A −jX1 jX2 VL

45 Determine Z. Provide your answer in rectangular form. [2]

46 Determine V0 . Provide your answer in rectangular form. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 27 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 47 to 48 [4]
Given: R, X1 , X2 .

jX1

− +
V1

jX1 jX1 + 10∠0◦ V

−
−jX2
I1

47 Determine I1 . Provide your answer in rectangular form. [2]

48 Determine V1 . Provide your answer in rectangular form. [2]

Total Section 7: [10]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 28 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Section 8

Questions 49 to 52 [4]
Given: R, X1 , X2 .
Use nodal analysis to set up two equations of the following form:
aV1 + bV2 = 10
V1 + cV2 = d
Determine a, b, c, and d. Provide your answers in rectangular form. (V1 and V2 are phasor
voltages.)

jX2

10∠0◦ A −jX1
V1 V2 R

R 5∠0◦ A 2V1

49 a [1]
50 b [1]
51 c [1]
52 d [1]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 29 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 53 to 54 [4]
Given: Is , R, X.
Use source transformation to transform the top circuit into the bottom circuit.

−j20 Ω

Is /3 jX Is
−
10∠15◦ V +

I Z −j20 Ω

53 Determine I. Provide your answer in polar form as I = r∠θ◦ , where r ≥ 0 and −180◦ ≤
θ ≤ 180◦ . [2]
54 Determine Z. Provide your answer in rectangular form. [2]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria

7 December 2021 Exam, Page 30 of 30 2021EBN122E01

Questions 55 to 57 [6]
Given: R, X1 , X2 .

c d

R
a

4∠15◦ A −jX2 −jX2

b
jX1

55 Determine VabT h , the Thevenin equivalent phasor voltage with respect to terminals a − b
(take the negative reference polarity to be at terminal b). Provide your answer in rectan-
gular form. [2]
56 Determine VcdT h , the Thevenin equivalent phasor voltage with respect to terminals c − d
(take the negative reference polarity to be at terminal d). Provide your answer in rectan-
gular form. [2]
57 Determine Zcd
T h , the Thevenin equivalent impedance with respect to terminals c − d. Pro-
vide your answer in rectangular form. [2]

Total Section 8: [14]

Grand Total : [94]

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria