Learning Journal

Unit-8
Dr, Casmir Onyeneke

To solve these problems, we need to understand the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and the
concept of Z-scores.

According to the Central Limit Theorem, the distribution of the sample means will be roughly
normally distributed if you have a population with a mean of μ and a standard deviation of σ and
you take sufficiently large random samples from the population with replacement. As long as the
sample size is big enough (often n > 30), this will be true whether the source population is
skewed or normal.

A Z-score is a statistical measurement that describes a value's relationship to the mean of a group
of values. It is measured in terms of standard deviations from the mean.

1. Find P ( ΣX >2,400)

First, we need to find the mean and standard deviation of the sum of the 50 values.

The mean of the sum (μ_sum) is n * μ_x = 50 * 45 = 2250.

The standard deviation of the sum (σ_sum) is sqrt(n) * σ_x = sqrt(50) * 8 = 35.36.

Now, we can find the Z-score for 2400:

Z = (X - μ_sum) / σ_sum = (2400 - 2250) / 35.36 = 4.24

We want to find P(ΣX > 2400), which is the same as P(Z > 4.24). You can look up this
probability in a standard normal distribution table, or use a calculator or statistical software. The
probability of a Z-score being greater than 4.24 is extremely small, close to 0.
2. Find ΣX where z=-2

To find the sum where Z = -2, we can use the formula for the Z-score and solve for X:

X = Z * σ_sum + μ_sum = -2 * 35.36 + 2250 = 2179.28

3. Find the 80th percentile for the sum of the 50 values of x

The Z-score for the 80th percentile is approximately 0.84. We can use this Z-score to find the
corresponding sum:

X = Z * σ_sum + μ_sum = 0.84 * 35.36 + 2250 = 2329.70

So, the 80th percentile for the sum of the 50 values is approximately 2329.70.

References:

Khan Academy:

Website: Khan Academy - Probability and Statistics.

Wolfram MathWorld:

 Website: MathWorld

- "Percentile to Z-Score Calculator" on David Lane's HyperStat Online. David Lane's HyperStat -
Percentile to Z-Score Calculator