Mk¤tøk ytf-27, ð»ko-8, Vuƒúwykhe 2021 ISSN : 2321-4880

økwshkíkLke yiríknkrMkf yLku MkktMf]ríkf

ÄhkunhLku Wòøkh fhíkwt Mkk{rÞf

Know Your Identity

 ™ð÷¾k …÷
u ‚
u - „kztu÷ - feŠŒ Xkfh

„kutz÷, „kutz÷™e …qðo hsðkzk™e hksÄk™e.ynet ¼khŒ™e ykÍkËe ‚wÄe òzuò hks…qŒ fw¤™wt þk‚™ nŒwt. Œu „kutz÷e ™Ëe …h ÂMÚkŒ yuf rfÕ÷ku Au. yksu, „kutz÷ yu
{nk™ Mð¡ÿük þk‚f ‚h ¼„ðŒ®‚nS™e swƒk™e Au, su{ýu ‚k{krsf ‚wÄkhýk™u ÷kufku ‚{ûk hsw fhe y™u „kutz÷ þnuh™k rðfk‚™e Þkus™k ƒ™kðe y™u 19 {e y™u 20
{e ‚Ëe™k «kht¼{kt ‚kihküÙ™wt yuf {kuzu÷ hkßÞ ƒ™kÔÞwt.
‚h ¼„ðŒ®‚nS™k Wå[ rþûký y™u Þwhku…™k ÔÞk…f «ðk‚Úke Œu{™e ‚kitËÞo÷ûke ÿrü{kt ðÄkhku ÚkÞku, su Œu{™k þk‚™fk¤ Ëhr{Þk™ ƒktÄðk{kt ykðu÷k ònuh
{fk™ku, Wãk™ku, ƒòh y™u {nu÷ku™k ykŠfxuõ[h y™u ykÞkus™{kt òuE þfkÞ Au.
„kutz÷™k ‚kiÚke «k[e™ y™u ‚kiÚke ‚wtËh MÚkk™ku{kt™wt yuf ™ð÷¾k {nu÷ ‚tfw÷ Au (17 {e ‚Ëe), su „kutz÷e ™Ëe™k fktXu ð‚u÷wt Au Œu yuf ¼ÔÞ [ýŒh …h ™Ëe™k
rf™khkÚke ykuAk{kt ykuAk 30 {exh™e Ÿ[kE ‚wÄe W¼hu Au. yk {nu÷ ‚wÄe þnuh rðMŒkh ƒkswÚke õ÷kuf xkðh ŒhVÚke ykðŒk …nkut[e þfkÞ Au. yk …u÷u‚™wt «ðuþîkh s{ýe
ƒkswyu ðneðxe ç÷kuõ‚ðk¤e rðþk¤ ¾wÕ÷e søÞk ŒhV Ëkuhe òÞ Au y™u zkƒk ¾qýk …h srx÷ heŒu fkuŒhðk{kt ykðu÷k {tz… ŒhV Ëkuhe sŒk zkƒe ƒksw™k ¾qýk …h yuf ¼ÔÞ
‚eze ‚kÚku™ku fXuzku …ý òuðk {¤u Au. ¼ÔÞ Ëhƒkh nku÷, yuf
rðþk¤ yxkhe …h ¾w÷u Au su™e ‚kÚku rðþk¤ ƒkheyku™e ©uýe
Au, su y˼wŒ heŒu fkuŒhðk{kt ykðu÷k ƒúufux ‚kÚku ykÄkh¼qŒ Au
ßÞktÚke ™Ëe™ku …x Ëu¾kÞ Au. Ëhƒkh nku÷{kt rðþk¤ ÍwB{h,
¼q‚wt ¼hu÷k Ëe…zk, ‚ku™k™ku Zku¤ [zkðu÷k ÷kfzk™k VŠ™[h
y™u yuÂLxf ƒuÂÕsÞ™ yhe‚kyku Au. ¾k™„e {nu÷™k
‚t„únk÷Þ{kt ©e ¼„ðŒ®‚nSyu Œu{™k 50 {kt sL{rËð‚
…h «kó fhu÷e f÷kf]rŒyku, ¼uxku y™u ‚tËuþk «ËŠþŒ fÞko Au.
yLÞ ƒu þkne {nu÷ku rhðh‚kRz {nu÷ y™u Vq÷ku™k …u÷u‚™u
nurhxus nkux÷{kt Y…ktŒrhŒ fhðk{kt ykÔÞk Au.
yk {nu÷ rðþk¤ ð]ûkkuðk¤k ƒ„e[k™e ðå[u,
ð‚knŒe þi÷e{kt ƒktÄðk{kt ykðu÷ku Au, su „kutz÷e ™Ëe™k fktXu
ÂMÚkŒ Au. su{kt r÷®ð„ Y{™u Þwhkur…Þ™ x[ yk…ðk{kt ykÔÞku
Au. ¼khŒeÞ ykuhzk{kt r…¥k¤™k ðk‚ýku, {ýfk y™u rðrþü
¼khŒeÞ þi÷e{kt …uRÂLxtø‚ Au. {nu÷™e R{khŒ™e „u÷uheyku
y™u xuhu‚™e ©uýe, «f]rŒ ‚kÚku yk nurhxus nkux÷™k
{w÷kfkŒeyku™e ™Sf ÷kðu Au.
Vq÷ku™ku {nu÷ {q¤ heŒu hkßÞ™wt yrŒrÚk „]n nŒwt, su
ð‚knŒe þi÷e{kt yÄoðŒwo¤kfkh f{k™ku™k yku[kozo ‚kÚku
ƒ™kððk{kt ykÔÞwt nŒwt, su V¤™k ƒ„e[kyku™e ðå[u ‚wÞkursŒ
nŒwt. ‚k{u™ku „kzo™, f{¤™wt Œ¤kð y™u ykh‚™e {qŠŒyku
‚kÚku™ku yuf ‚wtËh Vwðkhku {nu÷™e ‚wtËhŒk{kt ðÄkhku fhu Au.
{wÏÞ ƒuXf ¾tz{kt …uRÂLxtø‚, yuÂLxf VŠ™[h,…ûkeyku™k $zk
y™u ½ýe h‚«Ë ykxo ðMŒwyku™ku ‚t„ún Au.
„kutz÷™k þk‚fku ykuxku{kuƒkRÕ‚™k {nk™ «u{e
nŒk, y™u fkuE …ý Œu{™k þkne „uhus{kt ½ýe ®ðxus y™u
õ÷kr‚f fkh òuE þfu Au. {q¤ ‚wþku¼™™u yfƒtÄ hk¾e™u
„kutz÷ hkßÞ™k ƒu þkne hu÷ðu ‚÷wL‚™wt (hnuðk {kxu™k ¼ÔÞ
Y{) ™ðe™efhý fhðk{kt ykÔÞwt nŒwt y™u Œu Vq÷ku™k „kzo™
…u÷u‚{kt hnuðk {kxu W…÷çÄ Au. ‚÷wL‚{kt hkufký ¼khŒeÞ
huÕðu™k {nk™ rËð‚ku™ku þkne ¼ÔÞŒk ‚kÚku òuzkðk™ku y™LÞ
y™w¼ð «Ëk™ fhu Au.

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 2
 íktºke÷u¾
Know Your Identity

ISSN : 2321- 4880

LkkUÄýe Lktçkh : ™{Mfkh r{ºkku,
MkkuMkkÞxe LkkUÄýe Lkt. : økws/14336 /y’ðkË.
ònuh xÙMx LkkUÄýe Lkt. : yuV /14149/y’ðkË. ðirðæÞ…qýo f÷k ðkh‚Úke ‚ä yk…ýwt „wshkŒ hkßÞ y™uf heŒu rðþu»k Au Œu{kt …ý ytËkSŒ
5000 ð»koÚke …ý ðÄkhu sq™e {k™ð ‚tMf]rŒ™ku ErŒnk‚ ynet òuðk {¤u Au. y™ufrðÄ Ä{o, swËk swËk
«fkþf : þk‚fku, rðrðÄ¥k{ ðu…kh-ðkrýßÞ ÄhkðŒku yk «Ëuþ rðï™e «kr[™¥k{ ‚tMf]rŒyku{kt MÚkk™ Ähkðu Au.
rnMxkuhef÷ yuLz fÕ[h÷ rhMk[o MkuLxh(HCRC),
y{ËkðkË «k[e™ fk¤Úke y™ufrðÄ þk‚fkuyu yk «Ëuþ™u f÷k y™u MÚkk…íÞ™e ƒkƒŒu ‚{]æÄ fhðk™ku «Þk‚ fÞkuo Au.
su Œu þk‚fku ŒhVÚke …kuŒk™k EüËuð-Ëuðe™u MÚkkr…Œ fhðk yrŒ ¼ÔÞ Ëuðk÷Þ …ý ƒktÄðk{kt ykÔÞk Au
íktºke : frÃk÷ Xkfh su™k ƒktÄfk{{kt su Œu þk‚fkuyu Sð huze ËeÄk nkuÞ Au su Œu™e yrŒ rðþu»k ƒkÄýe y™u rþÕ… MÚkk…íÞ™e
Mkníktºke : rfL™he þkn ‚{]ÂæÄÚke òuE þfkÞ Au. ð¤e, Œífk÷e™ ‚{Þu ßÞkhu yks™k suðe ykÄwr™f ‚ð÷Œku …ý W…ÂMÚkŒ
™nkuŒe Œu ‚{Þu ƒktÄfk{ fhðk{kt ykðu÷k yk ¼ÔÞ {trËhku yksu …ý yòÞƒe™ku ¼kð {™{kt …uËk fhu Au
Mk÷knfkh Mkr{rík : su™k WËknhýY…u r„h™kh …ðoŒ …h™k ¼ÔÞ Ëuðk÷Þku, rðsÞ™„h …ku¤ku™kt st„÷{kt ykðu÷k Ëuðk÷Þku fu
©e «ðeý f. ÷nuhe, ©e ðkÞ. yuMk. hkðík …Ae {kuZuhk™kt ‚qÞo{trËh™e ¼ÔÞ fkuŒhýe ÷E þfkÞ.
©e Mkw¼k»k çkúñ¼è, zkì. rðþk÷ òu»ke „wshkŒ{kt Ëhuf SÕ÷kyku™kt ™k™k {kuxk Œ{k{ „k{ y™u þnuh{kt …kihkrýf yðþu»kku yksu …ý fâktf
©e feŠík Xkfh,«ku. hVefk ‚iÞË ‚w÷Œk™k, ‚[ðkÞu÷k yÚkðk Œku fâktf ¼ø™ yðMÚkk{kt òuðk {¤u Au. ykðk yðþu»kku, nurhxus M{khfku fâktf …whkŒíð
zkì. …e. yu‚. X¬h rð¼k„™kt Œkƒk nuX¤ Au Œku fâktf MÚkkr™f „úk{ …t[kÞŒ™kt Œkƒk nuX¤ Au. …whkŒíð rð¼k„{kt …ý fuLÿ
y™u hkßÞ yu{ ƒu rð¼k„{kt {trËhku ðnu[kÞu÷k Au. fuLÿeÞ …whkŒíð rð¼k„ nMŒf™kt M{khfku fux÷kf
fku-ykuŠzLkuxh : hkuLkf hkýk
y…ðkË™u ƒkË fhŒk ½ýe ‚khe yðMÚkk{kt y™u ‚khe heŒu ÔÞðMÚkk…™ ÚkŒk òuEyu þfkÞ Au ßÞkhu hkßÞ
Vkuxkuøkúk^h : LkhuLÿ ykuríkÞk …whkŒíð rð¼k„ hrûkŒ M{khfku™e ÂMÚkrŒ ƒÄu ‚khe nkuÞ Œu{ ™Úke Œu nfefŒ Au y™u yu s heŒu MÚkkr™f
™„h…kr÷fk fu „úk{ …t[kÞŒ nMŒf ykðu÷ {trËhku™e ÂMÚkrŒ …ý ƒÄu ‚khe nkuÞ Œu òuðk {¤Œwt ™Úke.
«wV hezh : Äúwðk sux÷e ykðk yirŒnkr‚f M{khfku™u SðtŒ fhðk yrŒ sYhe Au y™u M{khfku™u SðtŒ fhðk™e ‚t…qýo sðkƒËkhe
MÚkkr™f ÷kufkuyu fu ‚tMÚkkyu WXkððe …zu. M{khfku SðtŒ Úkþu Œku s Œu ÷kufr«Þ ƒ™þu y™u ‚ŒŒ ð…hkþ{kt
{w¾Ãk]c Vkuxku : nþu Œku s Œu™ku rðfk‚ Úkþu Œu Mðk¼krðf Au. «ðk‚eyku …ý Œku s ykðþu òu su-Œu M{khf SðtŒ nþu yÚkðk
f÷k y™u ‚tMf]rŒ™u Wò„h fhŒw r[ºkktf™ Œku ½ýe ‚khe yðMÚkk{kt nþu y™u «kÚkr{f ‚ð÷Œku nþu. yuf «Þku„ yuðku …ý fhe þfeyu fu …Âç÷f
r[ºkfkh ðiþk÷e ¼kð‚kh, y{ËkðkË «kEðux …kxo™hþe… {wsƒ MÚkkr™f ‚ûk{ ‚tMÚkkyku fu ÷kufku yk„¤ ykðu y™u h‚…qðof M{khfku™u SðtŒ
Keep in touch with us for Subscribe fhðk™e y™u ‚k[ððk™e sðkƒËkhe W…kzu. òu M{khf SðtŒ nþu Œku Œu™k rðfk‚™e ‚t¼kð™k ½ýe ðÄkhu
your “Digital Edition” by : nþu …ý yk rËþk{kt …nu÷ ÚkkÞ Œu ykðfkÞo Au.
9825129703, 9328312363
- fr…÷ Xkfh
atulyavarso
@AtulyaVarso001
atulyavarso.magazine
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www.atulyavarso.com

3 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
1. nhfwtðh þuXkýe..................................................................... 5

2. fwt¼÷„Z............................................................................. 6-7

3. EzrhÞku „Z.......................................................................... 8-9

4. „wshkŒ™kt nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ƒtËhku.................................................. 13-15

5. ¼q[h{kuhe {nk‚t„úk{.............................................................. 16-17

6. þnuh…™kn fkux, ‚whŒ............................................................. 18

7. Ashta-Nayika.................................................................. 19-21

8. Musical Instruments Of Tribes Of Gujarat................. 23-24

9. yk…ýe {kŒ]¼k»kk yk…ýwt ‚tðuË™................................................ 25

10. ¼ws™k «k„{nu÷ ‚kÚku s MÚk…kÞu÷wt hk…h™wt: «k„…h..................... 26-28

11. „wshkŒ™k ykÄwr™f {u¤kyku................................................... 29-32

12. e Art and Artist ........................................................ 34-35

20. Photo Of e Issue ...................................................... 36-37

21. “{k™ðŒk” - A Rise of Humanity................................. 38

22. yŒwÕÞ ðkh‚ku rðþu»k............................................................ 39

23. nurhxus «u{e ‚kÚku ðåÞowy÷ {w÷kfkŒ......................................... 40-41

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 4
 yŒwÕÞ „wshkŒ
nhfðtwh þXukýe
„s
w hkŒ™k «Úk{ {rn÷k f¤
u ðýefkh ‚tf÷™
xe{ yŒwÕÞ ðkh‚ku

†e Wíf»ko™k rn{kÞŒe y™u ‚{ks ‚wÄkhf

sL{: 1820 ½ku½k {wfk{u, rs. ¼kð™„h
Œuyku „wshkŒ™k ‚{ks ‚wÄkh™e «Úk{ …uZe™k «rŒr™rÄ nŒk.
1832{kt Œu{™k ÷ø™ y{ËkðkË™k rðÏÞkŒ ðu…khe y™u Ëk™uïhe nXe®‚n
fu‚he®‚n ‚kÚku ÚkÞk y™u íÞkhÚke Œuyku nhfwtðh þuXkýe Œhefu òýeŒk ƒLÞk.
nXe‚etn {kuxk „ò™k ÔÞk…khe nŒk y™u [e™ ‚kÚku™k yVeý™k ðu…kh{ktÚke
yZ¤f ÿÔÞ f{kÞk nŒk. Œu{ýu yks™k ‚wrðÏÞkŒ nXe®‚n™kt Ënuhkt™wt ƒktÄfk{
þY fÞwO nŒwt, …ý Œu …qýo ÚkkÞ Œu …nu÷k s Œu{™wt yð‚k™ ÚkÞwt. nhfwtðhu ™kýkt
W…hktŒ rþÕ… y™u MÚkk…íÞ™k ƒktÄfk{{kt yt„Œ h‚ ÷E™u …rŒ™k yÄqhk fkÞo™u
…qýo fÞwO. ð¤e Œu{ýu Œu ‚{Þ™k ‚{]Ø ðu…khe {„™¼kE fh{[tË™k …Je
òuRŒeƒkE™k ‚nfkhÚke Y. 20,000/- ™u ¾[uo 1855{kt yuf …kXþk¤k™e
MÚkk…™k fhe nŒe.
Œu{ýu 1848{kt þY ÚkÞu÷e ‚tMÚkk '„wshkŒ ð™kofâw÷h ‚ku‚kÞxe`™u
Ëk™ ykÃÞwt y™u yk heŒu Œuyku ½ýk ‚{ks ‚wÄkhfku™k ‚t…fo{kt ykÔÞk. 1850{kt
Œu{ýu fLÞkþk¤k™e MÚkk…™k fhe, su{kt „wshkŒe, „rýŒ, ¼q„ku¤ W…hktŒ
¼hŒ„qtÚký, ‚eðý ŒÚkk „hƒeyku™e Œk÷e{ yk…ðk{kt ykðŒe nŒe. yks™e
«ÏÞkŒ r‚rð÷ nkuÂM…x÷™e þYykŒ fh™kh nhfwtðh þuXkýe y™u y{ËkðkË™k
™„hþuX «u{k¼kE rn{k¼kE nŒk. Œu{™k Ëk™ku{ktÚke 1856{kt r‚rð÷ nkuÂM…x÷™ku
ykht¼ ÚkÞku. ðÄw{kt, „wshkŒ «ktŒ™e fku÷us {kxu Œu{ýu 1856{kt yk…u÷wt Ëk™
™kutÄ…kºk Au. yk fkì÷us îkhk y{ËkðkË{kt ‚ki «Úk{ ÷kì - õ÷k‚e‚ þY ÚkÞk. òu
fu yk fkì÷us ÷ktƒku ‚{Þ [k÷e ™net y™u íÞkhƒkË „wshkŒ fkì÷us 1879{kt þY
ÚkE. yk{ AŒkt, „wshkŒ¼h™e ‚ki«Úk{ fkì÷us MÚkk…ðk{kt yk ƒknkuþ †eyu Vk¤ku
™kutÄkÔÞku nŒku.
{wtƒE ‚hfkhu Œu{™u 1856{kt ‚ku™k™k [ktË ‚rnŒ '™uf ™k{Ëkh
‚¾kðŒu ƒnkËwh`™ku R÷fkƒ ykÃÞku nŒku. Œu{™k «Þk‚ku îkhk fux÷eÞu fLÞkyku
y™u rðÄðkyku Œu{™k …„ …h ƒuXe ÚkE nŒe. Œu{™wt 56 ð»ko™e ðÞu yð‚k™ ÚkÞwt
íÞkhu ‚{„ú y{ËkðkË{kt þkuf ÔÞkÃÞku nŒku y™u Œu{™k {k™{kt þk¤kyku ƒtÄ
hk¾ðk{kt ykðe nŒe.
5 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
 yŒwÕÞ ¼khŒ
f¼
tw ÷„Z - fr…÷ Xkfh

“fwt¼÷„Z” ÷„¼„ ƒÄk «ðk‚«u{e „wshkŒeyku {kxu ‚kiÚke òýeŒwt MÚk¤. fwt¼÷„Z Vkuxo y™u fwËhŒe ‚kiËÞo yk ƒt™u yne™e ¾wƒe. ðÄw{kt ‚wtËh ÷kufuþ™ ÄhkðŒe
rh‚kuxo‚ y™u ykÕfkunku÷™e Aqx ‚kiÚke {kuxwt ykf»koý su „wshkŒeyku™u íÞkt ‚wÄe ykfŠ»kŒ fhu Au. ¾wƒ s {kuxe ykðf yk «ðk‚™ ‚kEx™u „wshkŒeyku îkhk ÚkkÞ Au
y™u ½ýk þku¾Úke yk…ýu ‚ki rfÕ÷k …h Vheyu Aeyu y™u Vkuxku„úkVe fheyu y™u fhkðeyu Aeyu. fwt¼÷„Z Vkuxo yu ð÷oTz nurhxus ‚kEx Au. E.‚. 15{e ‚Ëe ËhBÞk™
{uðkz™kt hkýk fwt¼k îkhk yk rfÕ÷k™wt r™{koý fhðk{k tykÔÞwt nŒwt y™u 36 fe.{e sux÷e ÷tƒkE Ähkðu Au.
„wshkŒ{kt ™k™k {kuxk y™uf ™„hku{kt yksu …ý rfÕ÷k™k yðþu»kku òuðk {¤u Au y™u fåA™wt ÷¾…Œ y™u ‚whuLÿ™„h™kt ÷¾Œh suðk ™„h{kt Œku yksu …ý
y¾trzŒ rfÕ÷kyku òuE þfkÞ Au.

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 6
7 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
 ¼Œ
q k™ Ëþ
u ™e ƒu {ÏwÞ Ähknuh yŒwÕÞ rðï
Ëk[
u ÷
w k …k‚ y™u xkE„h ™Mux- rfL™he Xkfh

rÚkB…wÚke …w™k¾k sŒk {k„o{kt “Ëku[w÷k …k‚” ™k{u

søÞk ykðu Au, {khk {Œu yk søÞk ‚kiÚke ðÄkhu ykfŠ»kŒ
fh™khe Au. ynet 108 {u{kuheÞ÷ MŒw… ykðu÷k Au y™u su™u
zÙf ðkL„uÞ [kuxo™ Œhefu yku¤¾ðk{kt ykðu Au su™u hkýe yþe
ËkuhS ðkt„{ku ðkt„[wtf îkhk ð»ko2003-04 ËhBÞk™
Œífkr÷™ ‚{Þu ÚkÞu÷ ÞwæÄ{kt {kÞko „Þu÷k ÞkuØkyku™e ÞkË{kt
ƒktÄðk{kt ykÔÞk nŒk. yk …kuELx yuðku Au fu ßÞkÚke òu
ðkŒkðhý [kuϾw nkuÞ Œku rn{k÷Þ™ku ¾wƒ s ‚wtËh ™òhku
òuðk {¤u Au.

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 8
 ykðw s yuf ƒeswt MÚk¤ Au “xkE„h ™uMx”. …khku
þnuhÚke ytËkSŒ 15 fe.{e™kt ytŒhu yk Þw™uMfku îkhk ½kur»kŒ
ÚkÞu÷ ðir©f Ähkunh ykðu÷e Au. yk yuf ƒkiØ {X Au y™u
ytËkSŒ 3000 {exh™e Ÿ[kE …hykðu÷wt Au. {q¤ …kihkrýf {X
Au ßÞkt ‚{ÞktŒhu VuhVkh y™u ‚wÄkhk ðÄkhk ÚkÞu÷k òuðk {¤u
Au. ¾hk yÚko{kt ¼qŒk™ yuf yrŒ h{ýeÞ y™u {kýðk ÷kÞf Ëuþ
Au ¾k‚ fhe™u fwËhŒ™wt sŒ™ su heŒu yk Ëuþ fhu Au Œu yk…ýu
‚kiyu þe¾ðk suðwt Au.

9 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
Vuƒúwykhe 2021 10

EzrhÞku „Z
W¥khu EzrhÞku „Z ¼÷ku,
ËϾýu ËrhÞk™e y{ehkŒ.
¾{eh su™wt ¾ý¾ýu,
yu Au „hðe „wshkŒ.
Ezh™wt ™k{ ÷uŒk™e ‚kÚku s "EzrhÞku „Z" M{hý…x÷ …h ðnuŒku
ÚkkÞ Œku ™ðkE ™net. rðþk¤ rþ÷kykuÚke r™Š{Œ zwt„hku [ku{k‚k{kt ykfkþ{ktÚke
…‚kh ÚkŒkt ðkˤku™u òýu ƒkÚk ¼eze™u «f]rŒ™ku h‚ …eŒkt nkuÞ yuðwt ÿ~Þ{k™ ÚkŒwt
nkuÞ Au. W™k¤k{kt „h{eÚke Ä„Ä„Œkt zwt„hku [ku{k‚k ƒkË «f]rŒ™e [kËh ykuZe™u
«ðk‚eyku™u ykf»kuo Au. Ezh yuf s{k™k{kt hkò-hsðkzkyku™wt hkßÞ nŒwt.
nòhku ð»ko sq™k RrŒnk‚™u …kuŒk™u ¾ku¤u Aw…kðe™u ƒuXu÷k EzrhÞk „Z rðþu
òýðk W{kþtfh òuþe™e …tÂõŒ, ‘¼kur{Þk rð™kt Bnkhu ¼{ðk'Œk zwt„hk, st„÷™e
fwts-fwts òuðe nŒe` ™e su{ …ÚÚkhu …ÚÚkhu ¼{ðwt …zu yu{ Au. [k÷ku EzrhÞk
„Z™kt zwt„hku{kt ¼{ðk...
yhðÕ÷e™e r„rh{k¤k
rðï™e «k[e™ yhðÕ÷e™e zwt„h{k¤k{kt {k™ðSð™™ku y™u
‚tMf]rŒ™ku WËÞ ÚkÞku nkuÞ Œuðkt yðþu»kku rðþu yðkh™ðkh …whkŒíðrðËku ÷¾Œkt
hnu Au.
RrŒnk‚™e Íkt¾e
EÕð™ y™u ðkŒkÞe ™k{™kt ƒu y‚whku™kt ™k{ …hÚke yk ¼qr{
"RÕð¼qr{" Œhefu yku¤¾kŒe. íÞkhƒkË zwt„h W…h y÷„-y÷„ MÚkk…íÞku™wt
r™{koý ÚkðkÚke yk ¼qr{ "RÕðËw„o" Œhefu òýeŒe ÚkE. RÕðËw„o ™k{ fk¤¢{u
y…¼útþ ÚkE™u Ezh Œhefu òýeŒwt ÚkÞwt. {nk¼khŒfk¤{kt RÕðËw„o™e ¼qr{ …h
ðuýe ðåAhks hks fhŒku nŒku Œuðku WÕ÷u¾ yirŒnkr‚f „útÚkku{kt {¤e ykðu Au.
11
nurhxus «ðk‚™
- rnhu™ …t[k÷
ðuýe ðåAhks ‚kÚku Ezh™kt zwt„hku™e yuf y˼wŒ ËtŒfÚkk «[r÷Œ
Au. ðuýe ðåAhks™e {kŒk „Zðk÷ (yíÞkh™wt rn{k[÷ «Ëuþ)™k hkýe nŒk. Œuyku
ßÞkhu „¼oðŒe nŒk íÞkhu yuf „hs ™k{™ku …ûkehks Œu{™u Ezh™kt zwt„hku{kt
÷kÔÞku nŒku. yk Ezh™kt zwt„hku{kt s ðuýe ðåAhks™ku sL{ ÚkÞku nŒku y™u Œuýu
Ezh hkßÞ™e MÚkk…™k fhe nŒe. ðåAhks y™u ™k„fLÞk™e «u{fÚkk™wt «Œef
yuðku …kŒk¤fwtz EzrhÞk „Z …h ykðu÷ Au.
ðuýe ðåAhksu ™k„fLÞk ‚kÚku ÷ø™ fhe™u Œkht„k™kt zwt„hku{kt sE
…kŒk¤÷kuf{kt ‚{krÄ ÷eÄk™e ÷kufðkÞfk …ý «[r÷Œ Au. Ezh hkßÞ …h
hks…qŒ, ¼e÷, r‚‚kurËÞk, hkXkuz, hkð, …h{kh, …ZeÞkh, ‚kuz ð„uhu hksðeykuyu
hks fÞwO nŒwt.
yk hksðeyku™kt ‚{Þ„k¤k{kt Ezh ‚þõŒ y™u ‚{]Ø hkßÞ nŒwt.
Ezh hkßÞ …qðo{kt {uðkz y™u zwt„h…wh ‚wÄe rðMŒhu÷wt nŒwt, suÚke Œu "™k™e {khðkz"
Œhefu …ý yku¤¾kŒwt nŒwt.
EzrhÞk „Z™k zwt„hku{kt hkßÞ™e ‚{]rØ™k «Œef‚{k MÚkk…íÞku y™u
M{khfku yksuÞ zwt„hku™e rðþk¤ rþ÷kyku™e ðå[u yze¾{ hne™u RrŒnk‚ Wò„h
fhe hÌkkt Au.
[k÷ku EzrhÞku „Z ¾qtËe ð¤eyu
{æÞ „wshkŒ ŒhVÚke ßÞkhu W¥kh ŒhV yk„¤ ðÄeyu yux÷u EzrhÞk
„Z™ku ¼uxku ÚkkÞ s. ykr£fk™k ÍktrƒÞk Œu{s fýkoxf™kt nB…e™k zwt„hku™e rþ÷kyku
ykƒunqƒ EzrhÞk „Z™e «rŒf]rŒ ‚{k™ Au. EzrhÞk „Z™e Œ¤uxe{kt …nkut[ðk {kxu
sq™k Ezh ™„h™ku «ðuþîkh "Äw¤uxk Ëhðkò" y™u "xkðh" ™e[u ÚkE™u …‚kh Úkðwt
…zu Au.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
 EzrhÞk „Z™kt …„rÚkÞkt™wt r™{koý ‚ku÷tfeÞw„™kt fw{kh…k¤™kt
‚{Þ„k¤k Ëhr{Þk™ ÚkÞu÷wt. EzrhÞk „Z™e Œ¤uxeÚke …[k‚uf …„rÚkÞkt [Zeyu yux÷u
zkƒe ƒkswyu „wVk{kt Íhýuïh {nkËuð™wt {trËh ykðu÷wt Au. ßÞkt «k[e™fk¤Úke
rþð®÷„ …h ƒkhu{k‚ fwËhŒe Íhýkt™ku yr¼»kuf ÚkŒku hnu Au. íÞktÚke W…h ŒhV ƒ‚ku
sux÷kt …„rÚkÞkt [ZŒkt "Ëki÷Œ …u÷u‚" ykðu Au. ðe‚{e ‚Ëe™e þYykŒ™k ËkÞfk{kt
r™Š{Œ Ëki÷Œ …u÷u‚ EzrhÞk „Z™e yku¤¾ ‚{k™ Au. Ëki÷Œ …u÷u‚™kt ƒktÄfk{{kt
rðþk¤ rþ÷kyku™u …ý ‚{kðe ÷uðk{kt ykðe Au, suÚke ‚{S þfkÞ fu Ëki÷Œ …u÷u‚™wt
r™{koý yuf…ý rþ÷k™u ™wfþk™ …nkut[kzâk ð„h fhðk{kt ykðu÷wt Au.
hks{nu÷Úke ƒ‚ku sux÷kt …„rÚkÞkt [Zeyu yux÷u EzrhÞk „Z™e yZe
{exh …nku¤e …ÚÚkhku™e Ëeðk÷ þY ÚkkÞ Au. zwt„h …h ƒ™kððk{kt ykðu÷e …ÚÚkhku™e
Ëeðk÷™u s EzrhÞku „Z „ýðk{kt ykðŒku nŒku, su y÷„-y÷„ hksðeyku™kt
‚{Þ„k¤k{kt rðMŒhŒku hÌkku nŒku.
EzrhÞk „Z™kt ‚ðkuoå[ rþ¾hu "YXe hkýe™k y÷„-y÷„ hksðeyku™kt
‚{Þ„k¤k{kt rðMŒhŒku hÌkku nŒku. {nkfk¤e {kŒkS™k {trËhÚke ºke‚uf …„rÚkÞkt
[Zeyu yux÷u zkƒe ƒksw "…ð™ …kðze" y™u s{ýe ƒksw "YXe hkýe™kt {kr¤Þk"
ŒhV sðk™ku …ÚÚkh™e Ëeðk÷™ku xÙuf Au. EzrhÞk „Z™kt ‚ðkuoå[ rþ¾hu "YXe hkýe™k
{kr¤Þk" ykðu÷kt Au, su™ku SýkuoØkh ‚ku÷tfeÞw„™kt fw{kh…k¤u fÞkuo nŒku. YXe hkýe™kt
{kr¤ÞuÚke zwt„hku W…h™kt Œu{s Œ¤uxe™kt Œ{k{ Œ¤kðku ÿ~Þ{k™ ÚkkÞ Au. YXe
hkýe™kt {kr¤Þk …k‚u™k "xkR„h rn÷" …hÚke hkò hkð ¼ký™e hkýeyu ƒ™kðu÷
"hkýe Œ¤kð"™e ‚wtËhŒk ‚™hkEÍ y™u ‚™‚ux ð¾Œu {™{kunf nkuÞ Au. {nkfk¤e
{trËhÚke yk„¤ s{ýe ƒkswyu W…h YXe hkýe™kt {k¤eÞu sE™u ykÔÞk
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
…Ae, W¥khu yk„¤ ðÄŒk ™ð„ò…eh™e Ëh„kn, …t[{w¾e {nkËuð
{trËh, ðuýe ðåAhks™ku …kŒk¤fwtz, {nkhkò sðk™®‚n îkhk r™Š{Œ
sðk™rð÷k‚ …u÷u‚, nkrÚkÞku fqðku, rË„tƒh si™ Ëuhk‚h, ïuŒktƒh si™ Ëuhk‚h,
®n„¤ks {kŒkS {trËh, ÷¾w{k æÞk™ fuLÿ, ðsuïhe {kŒkS {trËh, W¥kh{w¾e
n™w{k™S {trËh, ßðk÷k {kŒkS {trËh suðkt ÄkŠ{f MÚk¤ku ykðu÷kt Au. ¼khŒ¼h{kt
ðsuïhe {kŒkS™kt ºký {trËhku ykðu÷kt Au. rn{k[÷ «Ëuþ™kt fkt„zk{kt,
{nkhküÙ™kt ‚Œkhk{kt y™u ºkeswt „wshkŒ{kt EzrhÞk „Z W…h. Ezh ™„h™kt
÷kufku ÷ø™ ƒkË ðhfLÞk™kt AuzkAuze Akuzðk ðsuïhe {kŒkS™k {trËhu òÞ Au.
Ezh hkßÞ ‚{Þ™kt yirŒnkr‚f yðþu»kku yksu …ý EzrhÞk „Z
W…h ÿ~Þ{k™ ÚkkÞ Au. ÷¾w{k Œ¤kðÚke …rù{u W…h ŒhV [ZŒkt hý{÷™e [kufe
ykðu÷e Au, su™ku WÕ÷u¾ „wshkŒ™kt «r‚Ø "hý{÷AtË" „útÚk{kt …ý fhkÞku Au.
hý{÷™e [kufe™e ƒnkh™e ƒksw ‚wtËh fkuŒhýe fhu÷e ®nËw Ä{o™k Ëuðe-
ËuðŒkyku™e {qŠŒyku ÿ~Þ{k™ ÚkkÞ Au. hý{÷™e [kufe …k‚u ¼qhkƒkðk™e „wVk
ykðu÷e Au ßÞkt MÚkkr™f ¼õŒku ¼s™feŒo™ fhe™u yk ykæÞkÂí{f Ähk™u Wò„h
fhŒkt hnu Au. ¼qhkƒkðk™e „wVk{kt {½k ™ûkºk™wt …kýe yufXwt fhe™u yk¾wt ð»ko
W…Þku„{kt ÷uðk{kt ykðu Au.
„ktÄeS™kt ykæÞkÂí{f „wÁ ©e{ËT hks[tÿS™u ykí{‚kh ÚkÞku yu …wXðe þe÷k
…ý Ezh ™„h™e …rù{u ykðu÷ zwt„h W…h ykðu÷e Au. ©e{ËT hks[tÿSyu
…kuŒk™kt „útÚk{kt W{uÞwO Au fu, "si™ Ä{o™kt [kuðe‚{kt ŒeÚkOfh {nkðeh Mðk{e …ý yk
zwt„hku{kt rð[hu÷kt Au."
Ezh ™„h™e [kuVuh zwt„hku ykðu÷kt Au. yk zwt„hku{kt {nkfk÷uïh
{nkËuð, fýo™kÚk {nkËuð, fkf÷uïh {nkËuð, ¾ku¾k™kÚk {nkËuð suðkt ykþhu
…[e‚uf rþð{trËhku nkuðkÚke s fnuðkÞ Au fu, "Ezh ™„h™u rþðíð «kó ÚkÞwt Au."
12

„wshkŒ™kt nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ƒtËhku
„wshkŒ …rù{ ¼khŒ{kt ‚kiÚke ÷ktƒku ËrhÞkrf™khku ÄhkðŒwt hkßÞ Au.
yk «Ëuþ ykã yirŒnkr‚f fk¤Úke ‚k„h¾uzwyku™e ¼qr{ hne Au. „wshkŒ{ktÚke
nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™k R.‚ …qðuo 2600-1900™k ‚{Þ™kt 550Úke ðÄw MÚk¤ku
…whkŒíðrðËkuyu þkuæÞk Au. yk MÚk¤ku …ife fux÷kf {níð™k MÚk¤ku™wt Wí¾™™
fhðk{kt ykðu÷ Au, suÚke Œu ‚{Þ{kt rðã{k™ ™„h Þkus™k, ykŠÚkf y™u
‚k{krsf …k‚k™e òýfkhe «kó ÚkR Au.
ËrhÞkR ðu…kh nzÃ…k yÚkðk ®‚Äw ¾eý™e ‚ÇÞŒk™k ‚{Þu ¾qƒ s
rðf‚u÷ku nŒku. Œu yt„u™k rðrðÄ …whkðkyku {¤u÷ Au. Œu ‚{Þ™k ‚k„h¾uzw yhƒ
‚k„h™u …kh …ŠþÞk™k y¾kŒ y™u yku{k™™k y¾kŒ™k Ëuþku ‚wÄe ðu…kh {kxu
sŒk nŒk. Rhkf, ƒnuhe™ y™u yku{k™ RíÞkËe Ëuþku™k rðrðÄ …whkŒíðeÞ
MÚk¤kuyuÚke nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™e rðrðÄ ðMŒwyku {¤e ykðu÷ Au.
«k[e™ {u‚ku…kuxur{Þk (Rhkf)™k rðrðÄ ™„hku suðkt fu, Wh, rfþ,
‚w‚k, ÷khþk, Rrþ™, WB{, r™Ã…wh, ÷„kþ RíÞkrË™k ¾kuËfk{Úke Œuyku™ku nzÃ…k
‚ÇÞŒk™k ÷kufku ‚kÚku ‚tƒtÄ nŒku Œuðk …whkðk {¤u Au. R.‚. …qðuo 2400-2350 ™k
‚w{uh ‚ÇÞŒk™k rðrðÄ yr¼÷u¾kuÚke òýfkhe {¤u Au fu rË÷{w™, {„™ y™u
{u÷wnk™k ðnkýku {k÷ ÷R™u íÞkt™k ƒtËhku …h ÷t„h ™k¾Œk nŒk. yk ºkýuÞ Ëuþku
…ife {u÷wnk™e yku¤¾ nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™k ¼q¼k„ ‚kÚku fhðk{kt ykðu Au. R.‚
1924{kt ßÞkhu ‚h skì™ {kþo÷u ‚ki«Úk{ðkh ®‚Äw ‚ÇÞŒk™ku fk¤¢{ ™¬e
fÞkuo nŒku.
13
…whkŒíð y™u ‚tþkuÄ™
- ÞÆwƒeh®‚n hkðŒ
Œu {kxu ‚w{uh{ktÚke {¤e ykðu÷ y„uz™k ‚k„kìo™ (R.‚ 2370-2340)™k
‚{Þ™k Úkhku{ktÚke {¤e ykðu÷ ®‚Äw {wÿk™kt ykÄkhu M…ü ÚkkÞ Au fu Œu ‚{Þ{kt
nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™ku ðu…kh ‚{wÿ …kh ‚w{uh ‚wÄe rðMŒhu÷ nŒku. Œu W…hktŒ, ƒnuhe™
ŒÚkk yku{k™ Ëuþku™k rðrðÄ «k[e™ MÚk¤ku™kt …whkŒíðeÞ yLðu»kýkuÚke nk÷™k
ð»kkuo{kt nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™e ½ýe ðMŒwyku {¤e ykðu÷ Au. yk ðMŒwyku{kt ®‚Äw
r÷r…ÞwõŒ {wÿkyku, yfef y™u „ku{uË™kt {kuŒeyku ŒÚkk nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™kt [ku¬‚
«fkh™kt ðk‚ýku «kó ÚkÞu÷ Au.
R.‚ 1960™k Ë‚fk{kt „wshkŒ{kt ykðu÷ nzÃ…k ‚tMf]rŒ™kt MÚk¤
÷kuÚk÷™wt ¾kuËfk{ ¼khŒeÞ …whkŒíð ‚ðuoûký™k zkì. yu‚.ykh.hkð îkhk fhðk{kt
ykðu÷ nŒwt. ¾kuËfk{ Ëhr{Þk™ ™„h Þkus™k W…hktŒ …kfe $xku™k [ýŒhðk¤wt
{kuxwt Œ¤kð suðwt ƒktÄfk{ {¤e ykÔÞwt nŒwt. yk ƒktÄfk{™ku W¥khðk¤ku ¼k„
«k[e™fk¤{kt ™Ëe ‚kÚku òuzkÞu÷ nŒku ŒÚkk Ërûký ŒhVÚke …kýe™k r™fk÷ {kxu™e
{kuhe nŒe. yk {kuhe™u ¾ku÷ðk y™u ƒtÄ fhðk {kxu Ëhðkò™e ÔÞðMÚkk nŒe. yk
ƒktÄfk{ ykþhu 216 {exh ÷ktƒw y™u 36 {exh …nku¤wt nŒwt, ßÞkhu yk™e WtzkR 3
{exhÚke ðÄkhu nŒe. zkì.hkðu yk ƒktÄfk{™u ðnký W¼k hk¾ðk {kxu™e
„kuËe(Dock) Œhefu yku¤ÏÞwt y™u Œu™k ‚{Úko™{kt rðrðÄ …whkðkyku hsq fÞko, AŒkt
y™uf …whkŒíðrðËkuyu yk yt„u ‚tËun ÔÞõŒ fhu÷ Au. òufu, yk ƒktÄfk{ „kuËe
nkuÞ fu ™k nkuÞ, yu ðkŒ{kt þtfk ™Úke fu ÷kuÚk÷ nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ƒtËh nþu, su
¾t¼kŒ™k y¾kŒ W…h ykðu÷wt nŒwt.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
 „wshkŒ™kt nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ƒtËhku yt„u rðMŒ]Œ þkuÄ fhŒkt òýðk {éÞwt „wshkŒ{kt ËrhÞkfktXu ykðu÷ nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ð‚knŒku™e ¼ki„kur÷f ÂMÚkrŒ y™u
fu, „wshkŒ™kt ËrhÞkfktXu ykþhu [wB{k¤e‚ nzÃ…kfk÷e™ MÚk¤ku ykðu÷kt Au. su{kt ¾kuËfk{Úke {¤u÷
ºke‚ …rh…õð nzÃ…k ‚ÇÞŒk™kt ŒÚkk ƒkfe W¥kh nzÃ…eÞ ‚tMf]rŒ™kt ‚{Þ™kt yðþu»kku …hÚke Vr÷Œ ÚkkÞ Au fu, Œu ‚{Þu fËk[ {kuxwt y™u ™k™wt hý
Au. yk MÚk¤ku …ife ºký fåA™k ËrhÞk fktXu, ‚kŒ fåA™kt y¾kŒu, yZkh ‚{wÿ™ku ¼k„ nŒk. yk ð‚knŒku ËrhÞkfktXu ykðu÷ nŒe, suÚke «{w¾ ‚{wÿe{k„o
‚kihküÙ™kt ËrhÞkfktXu y™u ƒu ¾t¼kŒ™kt y¾kŒu, …kt[ Ërûký „wshkŒ™kt ËrhÞkfktXu ‚t¼ðŒ: ƒux îkhfkÚke fåA™kt y¾kŒ ÚkR™u {kuxk hý{kt ykðu÷ ¾zeh y™u
ŒÚkk …kt[ {kuxk y™u [kh ™k™k hý™k rf™khu ykðu÷kt Au. h‚«Ë ŒÚÞ yu Au fu ¾kðzk ÚkR™u fkuhe ¢ef ÚkR™u {fhk™™kt ËrhÞkR hMŒu …ŠþÞk™k y¾kŒ™kt Ëuþku{kt
{kuxk¼k„™e nzÃ…kfk÷e™ rfÕ÷uƒtÄ ™„heÞ ð‚knŒku fåA™kt y¾kŒ ŒÚkk {kuxk sŒku nþu. ÷kuÚk÷™ku ‚t…fo …ý ™¤ ‚hkuðh {khVŒ yk {wÏÞ {k„o ‚kÚku nkuÞ Œu{
y™u ™k™k hý™kt fktXk rðMŒkh{kt MÚkkr…Œ nŒe. ‚kihküÙ™k ËrhÞkfktXu {kuxk¼k„u sýkÞ Au. ‚tÞkur„f …whkðk M…ü fhu Au fu, ÷kuÚk÷Úke ¾t¼kŒ™k y¾kŒ ÚkE™u
„úk{eý ð‚knŒku nŒe. Œu{kt …ý {kuxk¼k„™e ð‚knŒku W¥kheÞ nzÃ…k ‚tMf]rŒÚke yhƒ ‚k„h …kh fhe™u {fhk™ ‚wÄe™wt ¾uzký ¾qƒ s ÷kƒwt y™u òu¾{e nþu.
‚tƒtrÄŒ nŒe. yuf{kºk ÷kuÚk÷ s {kuxwt nzÃ…eÞ ™„h nŒwt. yk s heŒu, fåA™k ßÞkhu fu, fåA™k y¾kŒ™ku ytŒrhÞk¤ {k„o ¾qƒ s xwtfku y™u ‚w„{ nþu. yk
ËrhÞkfktXu {kºk ™k™e-™k™e ð‚knŒku MÚkkr…Œ nŒe. su yktŒËuoþeÞ yÚkðk ƒkƒŒ™e …wrü W…hkuõŒ sýkðu÷ ŒÚÞÚke …ý ÚkkÞ Au fu, fu, nzÃ…kfk÷e™
yktŒhhküÙeÞ ‚{wÿe ðu…kh ‚kÚku ‚tf¤kÞu÷ nkuÞ Œu{ sýkŒwt ™Úke, …htŒw fåA™kt {kuxk¼k„™e rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ð‚knŒku fåA™kt y¾kŒ y™u hýfktXuÚke {¤u÷ Au.
y¾kŒ ŒÚkk {kuxk y™u ™k™k hý™k ƒt™u fktXu r™rùŒ ytŒhu nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ™„hku {wÏÞ ƒtËhku
MÚkkr…Œ nŒkt. yk ™„hku{kt ƒux îkhfk …k‚u ykðu÷ ™k„uïh, ™ð÷¾e ƒtËh™k ÷kuÚk÷:- ÷kuÚk÷ y{ËkðkËÚke ™iÉíÞ rËþk{kt ÷„¼„ 85 rf÷ku{exh™kt ytŒhu
™Sf fwtŒk‚e, ‚qhsƒkhe …k‚u ykðu÷ rþfkh…wh, ™k™k hý™kt fktXu ykðu÷ ykðu÷ Au. yk nzÃ…kfk÷e™ MÚk¤ ‚kƒh{Œe y™u ¼ku„kðku ™Ëeyku™k ðå[u
fk™{uh, ™„ðkzk ‚qhfkuxzk ŒÚkk {kuxk hý™kt fktXu ykðu÷ Äku¤kðehk Œu{s sq™e ¾t¼kŒ™kt y¾kŒ™e W¥khu ykðu÷ Au. R.‚ 1954 Úke 1963 ‚wÄe ynetÞk
fwhý RíÞkrË™ ‚{kðuþ ÚkkÞ Au. yk ƒÄkt ™„hku™wt ¼khŒ ‚hfkh …whkŒíð ¾kuËfk{ fhðk{kt ykÔÞwt nŒwt. ¾kuËfk{{kt ÷„¼„ ÷tƒ[kuh‚ ykfkh™wt {kuxwt
‚ðuoûký rð¼k„, „wshkŒ hkßÞ …whkŒíð ¾kŒwt, {nkhkò ‚ÞkShkð „kÞfðkz ƒktÄfk{ {¤u÷ Au, su™u „kuËe (Dock) Œhefu yku¤¾ðk{kt ykðu÷ Au. yk
Þwr™ðŠ‚xe, ðzkuËhk îkhk …whkŒíðeÞ ‚tþkuÄ™ fhðk{kt ykðu÷ Au. Œu W…hktŒ, „kuËe™e(Dock) ytËhÚke …ÚÚkh™wt ÷t„h {¤u÷ Au y™u ™Sf{kt ð¾kh™k yðþu»kku
hküÙeÞ ‚{wÿrð¿kk™ ‚tMÚkk, „kuðk Œu{s zu¬™ fkì÷us, …q™k îkhk …ý {¤u÷ Au. Wí¾™™fŒko zkì.yu‚.ykh.hkð {wsƒ yk „kuËe R.…q. 2350 Úke 1900
„wshkŒ™e rðrðÄ nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ð‚knŒku yt„u ði¿kkr™f heŒu ‚tþkuÄ™ fhðk{kt ‚wÄe W…Þku„{kt nŒe.
ykðu÷ Au.
„wshkŒ{kt ykðu÷ W…hkuõŒ sýkðu÷ nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ð‚knŒku™kt ¼q„ku¤ ŒÚkk Œu™wt
MÚk¤ rð~÷u»ký fhŒkt ™e[u {wsƒ™e h‚«Ë nfefŒku òýðk {¤e Au:
Ÿ {kuxk¼k„™e ð‚knŒku nk÷™e ÂMÚkrŒ {wsƒ fåA™k y¾kŒ ŒÚkk hýfktXuÚke 1
Úke 3 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu MÚkkr…Œ nŒe, {kºk fwtŒk‚e 8 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu Au.
Ÿ Ëhuf ð‚knŒ MÚkk™eÞ ™ËefktXu MÚkkr…Œ fhðk{kt ykðu÷ nŒe. yk ™Ëeyku
ËrhÞk yÚkðk hý ‚kÚku òuzkÞu÷e nŒe.
Ÿ {kuxk¼k„™k ™„hku ðu…kh™u ‚tƒtrÄŒ ykiãkur„f Wí…kË™ ‚kÚku ‚tf¤kÞu÷kt
nŒkt y™u íÞkt fwþ¤ fkhe„hku þt¾, yfef, „k{uË, nkÚkeËktŒ, [xo, ‚ku™k,
[ktËe, Œktƒw ŒÚkk yLÞ ‚k{„úeÚke rðrðÄ ðMŒwyku ƒ™kðŒk nŒkt. yk ™„hku
rðrðÄ «fkh™kt {ýfkyku, ƒt„zeyku RíÞkrË™k RíÞkrË™k Wí…kË™™kt «{w¾
{Úkf nŒkt.
Ÿ yk ð‚knŒku{ktÚke [ku¬‚ «fkh™e {kxe™e fkuXeyku™k yðþu»kku {¤u÷ Au,
su™u …whkŒíðrðË ç÷uf M÷eÃz ðuh (Black Slipped Ware) fnu Au. yk
fkuXeyku™ku Œr¤Þkðk¤ku ¼k„ ¾qƒ s ‚ktfzku nŒku. yk ¼k„™u ðnký{kt
¾kt[kðk¤k Ã÷uxVkì{o W…h „kuXððk{kt ‚h¤Œk nþu Œu{ Œs¿kku™ku {Œ Au.
yk{ yk fkuXeykuÚke rðrðÄ ðMŒwyku „wshkŒ{ktÚke …ŠþÞk™kt y¾kŒ™kt Ëuþku{kt
ËrhÞkR {k„uo {kuf÷ðk{kt ykðŒe nŒe. yk «fkh™e fkuXeyku™k ¼kt„u÷k
xwfzkyku yku{k™, ƒnuhe™ Œu{s {u‚ku…kuxur{Þk™k rðrðÄ ‚{fk÷e™
MÚk¤ku™kt ¾kuËfk{Úke «kó ÚkkÞ Au.
Ÿ

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 14
™k„uïh:- yku¾k ƒtËh …k‚u «r‚Ø ™k„uïh ßÞkurŒ‹÷„ ™Sf nzÃ…kfk÷e™
ðMŒe nŒe. ¾kuËfk{ Ëhr{Þk™ ynetÚke þt¾™e rðrðÄ ðMŒwyku {¤e ykðu÷ Au,
suÚke òýfkhe {¤u Au fu yk MÚk¤ þt¾™k ðu…kh™wt {níð…qýo fuLÿ nþu y™u
ynet™k ÷kufku ‚{wÿe ‚tþkÄ™ku™wt Ëkun™ fhŒk nþu fu{ fu, yk MÚk¤ yhƒ ‚k„h
y™u fåA™kt y¾kŒ™e ŒÆ™ ™Sf ykðu÷ Au.
fwtŒk‚e:- fwtŒk‚e hksfkux rsÕ÷k{kt ™ð÷¾e ƒtËhÚke ÷„¼„ 8 rf÷ku{exh™k
ytŒhu ykðu÷ Au. yk MÚk¤™wt Wí¾™™ z쬙 fkì÷us, …wýu ŒÚkk „wshkŒ hksÞ
…whkŒíð ¾kŒk îkhk fhðk{kt ykðu÷ nŒwt. yk MÚk¤ Vw÷fe ™Ëe™k s{ýkt fktXu
ykðu÷ Au y™u fåA™k y¾kŒÚke ykþhu 5 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu ykðu÷ Au.
Wí¾™™ Ëhr{Þk™ ynetÚke nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ykuðkhku (z¬ku), [kufe y™u ykux÷ku
{¤u÷ Au. yk ƒÄk ƒktÄfk{ku ™Ëe ŒhV™kt ¼k„u ƒktÄðk{kt ykðu÷ nŒkt, suÚke
…whkŒíðrðËkuyu yk MÚk¤™u ™k™k ƒtËh Œhefu yku¤ÏÞwt Au.
ƒ„‚hk:- {kr÷Þk Œk÷wfk{kt ykðu÷ ƒ„‚hk fåA™kt y¾kŒ™kt Ërûký fktXk W…h
ykðu÷ Au. yk rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ð‚knŒ nk÷{kt y¾kŒÚke 500 {exh™kt ytŒhu Au y™u
nzÃ…k fk¤{kt MÚkkr™f ™k¤kÚke y¾kŒ ‚kÚku òuzkÞu÷wt nþu Œu{ sýkÞ Au. yk
MÚk¤uÚke …ÚÚkh™kt {ýfk Œu{s þt¾™e ƒt„zeyku ŒÚkk yLÞ ðMŒwyku Œu{s
rVÞkL‚™kt {kuŒeyku ƒ™kððk™kt fkh¾k™k {éÞk Au.
rþfkh…wh:- fåA™kt y¾kŒ™kt W¥kh fktXu ‚qhsƒkhe …k‚u yk MÚk¤ ykðu÷ Au. yk
…ý nzÃ…kfk÷e™ rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ð‚knŒ nŒe, su™k …rù{ ¼k„{ktÚke ™Ëe …‚kh
ÚkŒe nŒe. yk ™Ëe hý ‚kÚku òuzkÞu÷ nŒe, su ÷„¼„ 1-2 rf÷ku{exh™kt ytŒhu
ykðu÷ Au. yk MÚk¤Úke nzÃ…kfk÷e™ rðrðÄ ðMŒwyku {¤e ykðu÷ Au. yk MÚk¤
nMŒf÷k™wt y™u …ÚÚkh y™u þt¾™e [esðMŒwyku ƒ™kðk™wt {Úkf sýkÞ Au.
fk™{uh:- fåA™kt …qðo rðMŒkh{kt ™k™k hý™k W¥kh fktXu yk MÚk¤ ykðu÷ Au.
¾kuËfk{Úke ynet rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ð‚knŒ {¤e ykðu÷ Au. yk ð‚knŒ MÚkk™eÞ ™Ëe™kt
Ërûký fktXu MÚkkr…Œ nŒe ŒÚkk yk ™Ëe{k„oÚke ™k™k hý ‚wÄe ™kifk îkhk s þfâ
nþu. yk MÚk¤uÚke …ý {kuŒe, {ýfk, ƒt„zeyku W…hktŒ ‚ku™k, Œktƒk, nkzfk,
RíÞkËe™e ƒ™u÷e rðrðÄ ðMŒwyku {¤u÷ Au, suÚke Œu {níð™wt ðu…kh {Úkf sýkÞ
Au.
15
™„ðkzk:- ™„ðkzk™e nzÃ…eÞ ð‚knŒ ™k™k hý™kt …qðo fktXk …h MÚkkr…Œ nŒe
ŒÚkk ‚t¼ðŒ: ™¤ ‚hkuðh y™u ¾t¼kŒ™kt y¾kŒ™kt s¤{k„o …h ykðu÷ nþu. yk
MÚk¤ þt¾™e ðMŒwyku™k Wí…kË™™wt «{w¾ {Úkf sýkÞ Au, ßÞkt ËrhÞkR {k„uo
þt¾™e ykÞkŒ-r™fk‚ ÚkŒe nþu, Œu{ sýkÞ Au.
‚whfkuxzk:- yk MÚk¤ fåA™kt …qðo rðMŒkh{kt ™k™k hý™kt …rù{ fktXu ‚ýðk
„k{ …k‚u ykðu÷ Au. nzÃ…kfk÷e™ rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ™„h MÚkkr™f ™Ëe™k W¥kh fktXu
MÚkkr…Œ nŒwt. Wí¾™™fŒko™kt yr¼«kÞ {wsƒ yk ™Ëe «k[e™ fk¤{kt ÷„¼„
…kuýk rf÷ku{exh rðMŒkh{kt rðMŒhu÷e nŒe y™u hý ‚kÚku òuzkÞu÷ nŒe. nk÷{kt
hý ÷„¼„ 6.5 rf÷ku{exh …qðo{kt ykðu÷ Au. nzÃ…k fk¤{kt yk ™Ëe™ku W…Þku„
ðnký ÔÞðnkh {kxu ÚkŒku nŒku Œuðe ‚t¼kð™k Au.
Äku¤kðehk:- fåA™kt {kuxk hý ðå[u ykðu÷ ¾rzh ƒux{kt yk nzÃ…kfk÷e™ MÚk¤
ykðu÷ Au. R.‚.1990Úke 2004 ‚wÄe ÚkÞu÷ Wí¾™™Úke ynet nzÃ…kfk÷e™ ¾qƒ
s {kuxwt ™„h {¤e ykðu÷ Au. yk ™„h™e „ý™k yíÞkh ‚wÄe {¤u÷ «{w¾
nzÃ…eÞ ð‚knŒku{kt fhe þfkÞ. yk rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ™„h ºký ¼k„{kt ðnu[kÞu÷wt nŒwt
y™u ™„h{kt …kýe ‚t„ún fhðk™e ¾qƒ s ‚wtËh ÔÞðMÚkk nŒe. yk ™„h fËk[
Œífk÷e™ „wshkŒ™kt ¼q«Ëuþ™wt ‚kiÚke {kuxwt {Úkf nŒwt y™u {wÏÞ ðu…kh fuLÿ nþu.
ynetÚke Œu ‚{Þ{kt «[r÷Œ rðrðÄ Wãku„ku™k fkh¾k™kyku {éÞk Au. ™„h™k
W¥kh{kt ÷„¼„ 3 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu nk÷™k {kuxk hý™k fktXu ‚khý ™k{™wt
MÚk¤ ykðu÷ Au, su ‚{fk÷e™ ð‚knŒ nŒe. yk ð‚knŒ Œu ‚{Þ™k Äku¤kðehk™wt
{wÏÞ ƒtËh nþu, Œu yt„u™k ‚ktÞkur„f …whkðk W…÷çÄ Au.
sq™e fwhý:- fåA™k ¾kðzk rðMŒkh{kt {kuxk hý™kt fktXu yk nzÃ…eÞ ð‚knŒ™k
yðþu»kku {éÞk Au. yk rfÕ÷kƒtÄ ð‚knŒ hýÚke ÷„¼„ 1 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu
ykðu÷ Au ŒÚkk MÚkkr™f ™Ëe îkhk hýÚke òuzkÞu÷ Au. yk nzÃ…eÞ ™„h
„wshkŒ™kt nzÃ…kfk÷e™ {wÏÞ ‚{wÿe{k„o™wt ‚t¼ðŒ: ytrŒ{ {wÏÞ ƒtËh nþu
fu{ fu, íÞktÚke …rù{ ŒhV fkuhe ¢ef ‚wÄe ÷wýk y™u fxuïh r‚ðkÞ yLÞ
nzÃ…eÞ MÚk¤ {¤u÷ ™Úke. WõŒ ƒt™u MÚk¤ku …ý „úk{eý ð‚knŒku sýkÞ Au.
W…hkuõŒ {wÏÞ ƒtËhku r‚ðkÞ y„kW sýkÔÞk {wsƒ „wshkŒ™kt ðŒo{k™ y™u
«k[e™ ËrhÞkfktXu nzÃ…kfk÷e™ y™uf MÚk¤ku ykðu÷ Au, su MÚkkr™f ™k™kt ƒtËhku
nþu y™u Œu{™ku W…Þku„ {kAe{khe ŒÚkk MÚkkr™f yðhsðh {kxu ÚkŒku nþu.
yk{, nzÃ…kfk÷e™ „wshkŒ{kt ðu…khe y™u MÚkkr™f W…Þku„ ƒt™u {kxu ƒtËhku nŒk
Œu ƒkƒŒu þtfk™u MÚkk™ ™Úke.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021

¼[
q h{khue {nk‚„
t kú{
yuf ‚{Þu „wshkŒ{kt Äúku÷ …k‚u™k ¼q[h{kuhe ™k{™k MÚk¤u
yfƒh™k ‚wƒk yÍeÍ fkufk y™u ò{ ‚ŒkS ðå[u R.‚. 1591{kt ÷zkE ÚkE
nŒe. yk ÷zkE Úkðk™wt fkhý yu nŒwt fu, R.‚. 1573{kt yfƒhu ‚w÷Œk™
{wÍ^Vh þkn ºkeò …k‚uÚke „wshkŒ SŒe ÷eÄwt. …ý ßÞkhu ‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh
þknu Vhe y{ËkðkË, ‚whŒ y™u ¼Y[ SŒe ÷eÄk yu ‚{Þu {w½÷ku™ku „wshkŒ™ku
‚qƒku yçËwh hne{¾k™ yk ƒt™u™u hkufe ™ þfŒk yfƒhu „wshkŒ™u þktŒ …kzðk
…kuŒk™k ËqÄ ¼kE r{Íhk yÍeÍ fkufk™u „wshkŒ™k ‚qƒk Œhefu {kufÕÞku suýu
‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh þkn™u …fze ÷eÄku …ý ‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh þkn Úkkuzk ‚{Þ{kt
íÞktÚke ¼k„e „Þku.
‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh þkn ¼k„e™u ¾huze™k þk‚f ÷ku{k ¾w{ký™k
yk©Þu „Þku y™u íÞktÚke …kAku ¼k„e™u ò{ ‚ŒkS™k yk©Þu ò{™„h „Þku, …ý,
ƒkËþkn yfƒhu …kuŒk™k ¼k„e „Þu÷k fuËe™u …fzðk {kxu ykfkþ-…kŒk¤ yuf fÞko
y™u {w½÷ ÷~fh hðk™k fÞwO y™u ÷~fh™k ™uŒk fhefu ™ðht„ ¾k™™u ™eBÞku.
…htŒw, ™ðht„ ¾k™™u ò{ ‚ŒkSyu ‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh þkn™u ‚kut…e Ëuðk™e
M…ü ™k …kze ËeÄe y™u fÌkwt fu ‚w÷Œk™ y{khku ykr©Œ Au, ŒuÚke y{u Œu™u
‚kut…eyu Œku y{khk ûkºkÞ Ä{o™u ƒèku ÷k„u.yk yt„u ¾qƒ s ðkxk½kxku [k÷e …ý
ò{ ‚ŒkS {wÍ^Vh þkn™u ‚kut…ðk {kxu yuf™k ƒu ™k ÚkkÞ. ŒuÚke yk¾he W…kÞ
Œhefu {w½÷ ÷~fh rðh{„k{Úke ò{™„h ŒhV yk„¤ ðæÞwt íÞkhu yuf {Œ
{wsƒ ò{u ÞwÂõŒ ðk…he fu yk ÷~fh ò{™„h …nkut[u, Œu™u ƒË÷u yk…ýu s
‚k{k [k÷eyu Œku ò{™„h™e ¾wðkhe ™ ÚkkÞ y™u ò{™wt ÷~fh …ý Äúku÷ ‚wÄe
‚k{wt s ykðe „Þwt y™u íÞkt yfƒh™k ‚iLÞ y™u ò{™k ‚iLÞ ðå[u ÷zkE ÚkE.
yk ÞwØ{kt ò{™k …ûku 30,000™wt y™u yfƒh™k …ûku 10,000™wt ÷~fh nŒwt.
yk ÞwØ{kt y™uf òŒ™k hks…qŒku y™u [khýku {kÞko „Þk. yk ÷zkE su MÚk¤u ÚkE
íÞkt ¼q[h ™k{™ku {kuhe þk¾k™ku hks…qŒ {k÷Äkhe „kÞku™e Íkuf fhe íÞkt ƒu‚Œku,
ŒuÚke Œu™k ™k{ W…hÚke Œu Äkh™wt ™k{ s ¼q[h{kuhe ÷kufS¼u [ze „Þwt.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021 16
ErŒnk‚ y™u ‚tþkuÄ™
‚tf÷™ - xe{ yŒwÕÞ ðkh‚ku
Œku y{wf RrŒnk‚fkhku™k {Œu ¼q[h yu ƒnw[h™wt {q¤ Y… Au. Œu ¼qr{
…h rð[h™kh {kŒkS™wt ™k{ Au. y„kW íÞkt ƒnw[h {kuhe ({k)™wt {trËh nkuðwt
òuRyu. {wÂM÷{ fk¤{kt yk {trËh Œkuze …zkÞwt nkuR þfu. …ý yu {Œ{kt fkuE ðsqË
sýkŒwt ™Úke. yk ÷zkE rð¢{ ‚tðŒ 1647 (E.‚. 1591){kt ÚkE nŒe. Œu™ku
yr¼÷u¾eÞ …whkðku ÞwØ™k {uËk™{kt hnu÷ku „ku…k÷ ƒkhkux™ku …kr¤Þk ÷u¾ yk…u Au.
yk¾hu ½{k‚ký ÞwØ Äúku÷™k …kËh{kt {åÞwt y™u ƒt™u ÷~fh™k ‚ir™fku ‚k{‚k{k
ykðe „Þk.
þYykŒ{kt ò{ ‚ŒkS™wt ÷~fh SŒ {u¤ðe hÌkwt nŒwt. …htŒw, sq™k
y…{k™ y™u ðuh™ku ƒË÷ku ÷uðk yu™u ÞkË hk¾e yu Þw„{kt hküÙeÞŒk™e ¼kð™k
¾e÷e ™k nkuðkÚke Ëku÷Œ¾k™ ÷kuËe y™u ÷ku{k ¾w{ký yÄðå[uÚke ÞwØ{ktÚke ¾‚e
„Þk y™u ò{ ‚ŒkS™e nkh ÚkE. ‚kÚku ‚kÚku ò{ ‚ŒkS™k fwtðh yòS {hkÞk
y™u Œu{™k þkuf{kt 400 ð»ko ‚wÄe ò{™„h hkßÞ™e «òyu þeŒ¤k ‚kŒ{™ku
Œnuðkh WsÔÞku ™nkuŒku. yòS™k þkuZe hkýe ‚qhsfwtðhƒk™u yòS™e …k½ze
òuŒk ‚Œ [zâwt y™u Œuyku ‚Œe Úkðk ŒiÞkh ÚkÞk. íÞkhu Œu …kuŒu Äúku÷™k hks…qŒku
ÞwØ{kt ÷zðk Œku ykÔÞk s ™nkuŒk …ý Œuýu yòS™k hkýe™u Äúku÷™k ÞwØ™k
{uËk™{kt ÷E sðk{kt {ËË fhe nŒe y™u hkýe yòS™k {kÚkk™u ¾ku¤k{kt ÷E
‚Œe ÚkÞk.
yk ÞwØ{kt A ¾k{e hne sðk …k{e nkuðk™wt zkì. «ãw{™ ¾k[huyu Œu{™k
'¼q[h{kuhe™e ÷zkE' ™k{™k …wMŒf{kt ™kutæÞwt Au. yk ÞwØ ‚{kÂó Œku ÚkE …ý Œu{
AŒkt, yfƒh™k ‚iLÞÚke ™k‚Œku VhŒku y™u ò{™k yk©Þu hnu÷ku ‚w÷Œk™
{wÍVhþkn Œku nkÚk ™ ÷køÞku …ý …AeÚke fåA™k hkð ¼kh{÷Syu …kuŒk™k
hks…qŒe Ä{o™u yð„ýe™u …kuŒk™u {kuhƒe …h„™wt {¤u yu ÷k÷[Úke ‚w÷Œk™
{wÍ^Vh þkn™u SðŒku {w½÷ku™u ‚kut…e ËeÄku. íÞkhu …Xkýkuyu hkð ¼kh{÷S™ku
íÞkt …kr¤Þku ¾kuzâku y™u íÞkt yk Ëwnku ÷¾kÔÞku:
 ƒu y˃eÚke ƒku÷Œk fu
¼khk fåA fk ¼q…rŒ ni ¼khe {rŒ ne™,
yuf {kuhƒe fkhýu …¬z {wÍ^Vh Ëe™,
fåA fku {rŒ nký ¼khku ¼q…rŒ,
yuf yuf {kuhƒe fkhýu {wÍ^Vh ËÞku ‚kut…,
hkð ¼kh{÷Syu ‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh þkn™u fåA™k fk¤k zwt„h{kt …åA{kE…eh™k MÚkk™fu ‚tŒkzâku nŒku. íÞktÚke ƒnkh ÷kðe 23 rz‚uBƒh, 1592™k hkus þkne
‚u™k…rŒ yçËwÕ÷k ¾k™ …k‚u …fzkðe ËeÄku. yu …ý {k™…k™ ðk¤ku y™u MðòŒ™u ðhu÷ku ƒkËþkn nkuðkÚke Œuýu Mð{k™™u ™ nýkðk Ëuðk {kuhƒe …k‚u™k Ä{fzk „k{u …kuŒk™e
…k‚u ‚tŒkze hk¾u÷ y†kÚke „¤w fk…e yk…½kŒ fhe ÷eÄku, …ý Ëw~{™ku™k nkÚk{kt ™ „Þku. yhu, Œu …Ae …ý {w½÷ ÷~fhu Œku yuðe ™]þt‚Œk ƒŒkðe y™u ‚w÷Œk™ {wÍ^Vh þkn™wt
{kÚkwt fk…e™u ykÍ{¾k™ fkufk …k‚u y™u íÞktÚke r™Ík{wÆe™ ƒûkeyu yfƒh™k Ëhƒkh{kt {kuf÷kÔÞwt nŒwt.
yk ÞwØ™wt …rhýk{ yu ykÔÞwt fu sq™k„Z™k Ëku÷Œ¾k™u ÞwØ{kt ¼k„ ÷eÄku nŒku y™u Œuýu …ý Ë„ku fÞkuo nŒku, ŒuÚke ÞwØ ƒkË {w½÷kuyu sq™k„Z™u nhkÔÞwt y™u ¾trzÞwt
hkßÞ ƒ™kÔÞwt. sq™k„Z™k hks™k ðtþs™u sq™k„Z …kAwt ™ {éÞwt …ý Œu™e ò„eh þe÷, ƒ„‚hk, fuþkuË y™u [kuhðkz …kAk {éÞk. ò{ ™ƒ¤k …zŒk …kuhƒtËh™k hkýe
f÷kƒkEyu ò{™„h ‚k{u ƒktÞku [zkðe y™u ‚„eh …wºk ¾e{kS™u AkÞk{kt „kËeyu ƒu‚kzÞk nŒk. ykþhk Ä{o™k y™uf „eŒku y™u frðŒkyku fkrXÞkðkz{kt íÞkhu y™u …AeÚke
h[kÞk Œu yk ÞwØ™wt ‚ktMf]rŒf …rhýk{ „ýkðe þfkÞ. ò{™„h™k ÷k¾kuxk BÞwrÍÞ{{kt yk ÷zkE™wt yuf {kuxwt r[ºk Au. Œu{ktÚke yÇÞk‚wyku ½ýwt ƒÄwt yk ÷zkE rðþu òýe þfu
Au.

17 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
 MÚkk…íÞfeÞ ðkh‚ku
þnuh…™kn fkux, ‚whŒ
- su™e÷ {kuhu

„wshkŒ{kt …kihkrýf ‚{ÞÚke su Œu ‚{Þ™k hkò {nkhkòyku îkhk Œu{™k rðMŒkh fu þnuh™e VhŒu fkux rðMŒkh ŒiÞkh fhðk{kt ykðŒku, su fkux Ëw~{™ku ‚k{u Œu{™wt
y™u «ò™wt hûký fhŒku. y{ËkðkË{kt ykðu÷ ¼ÿ …rh‚h y™u fkux rðMŒkh rð»ku Œku ‚ki fkuE òýu Au. …htŒw ‚whŒ þnuh™u VhŒu yuf ™rn …ý ƒu-ƒu fkux nŒk, Œu™k rð»ku ½ýk
ykuAk ÷kufku™u {krnŒe Au.
sw™k ‚whŒ þnuh ™u þnuh…™kn y™u yk÷{…™kn ™k{™k ƒu fkux nŒk. su y÷„ y÷„ þk‚™fk¤{kt y™u y÷„ y÷„ þk‚fkuyu ƒtÄkÔÞk Au. Œu{ktÚke þnuh…™kn
fkux (1679) yu ‚kiÚke sq™ku fkux Au.
yksu ‚whŒ™kt ytËh™k fkux " þnuh…™kn fkux ” rðþu òýeþwt. W…h Ëþkoðu÷ yk Ëhðkòu þnuh…™kn fkux ™ku ¼k„ Au. ‚whŒ ™k ¾sqhkðkze rðMŒkh{kt ykðu÷k yk
Ëhðkò ™u ¾sqhkðkze „ux Œhefu yku¤¾ðk{kt ykðu Au. ‚whŒ™k rfÕ÷k™e W¥kh ¼k„{kt yk fkux ™ku Úkkuzkuf ¼k„ ƒ[u÷ku Au.
R.‚. 1664 {kt Aºk…rŒ rþðkS {nkhksu fhu÷k yk¢{ý …Ae ‚whŒ™e hûkk {kxu ykiht„Íuƒ ™k ykËuþÚke ‚whŒ™kt ‚wƒuËkh {wMŒËe hRŒ ¾k™ WVo rhykÞŒ ¾k™u
R.‚. 1664 {kt yk fkux ƒktÄðk™e þYykŒ fhe nŒe. su™u ƒktÄðk{kt 15 ð»ko sux÷ku ‚{Þ ÷køÞku nŒku.
íÞkhƒkË ‚whŒ{kt ðMŒeËh ðÄŒk ™ðk fkux ™e sYh …ze. ykÚke 38 ð»ko …Ae {w½÷ þk‚f VÁ¾rþÞh ™k ykËuþÚke ‚whŒ™k ‚wƒuËkh {wí‚Ëe niËh fw÷e¾k™u ™ðku
fkux "yk÷{…™kn" (1725) ƒktÄðk{kt ykÔÞku.
su™e ÷tƒkE ‚kzk …kt[ {kE÷ nŒe.
þnuh…™kn fkux ™u ƒktÄðk{kt 15
ð»ko™ku ‚{Þ ÷køÞku nŒku su™e ÷tƒkE 3 {kE÷
sux÷e nŒe y™u Ÿ[kE 12 {exh nŒe. yk
fkux™u 14 Ëhðkò nŒk. su{ktÚke nk÷ yk yuf s
Ëhðkòu nÞkŒ Au. su Vwhò ykuðhk …k‚u ykðu÷
Au. yk÷{…™kn fkux™e su{ yk fkux …ý
„ku¤kfkh ykfkh{kt ‚whŒ™k VhŒu Œu™e hûkk fhŒku
nŒku.
þnuh…™kn y™u yk÷{…™kn fkux™k
1 Ëhðkò™wt ™k{ ‚h¾wt nŒwt, yu™wt ™k{ ™ð‚khe
Ëhðkòu. ™ð‚khe sðk™k {k„o ™u ÷k„e™u yk 2
Ëhðkò nkuðkÚke yk Ëhðkò™k ™k{ …ý
™ð‚khe Ëhðkòu yu{ hk¾ðk{k ykÔÞk nŒk.
yk fkux™u …ý yk÷{…™kn fkux™k Ëhðkò ™e
su{ ^÷z „ux nŒk. suÚke …wh™wt …kýe ‚whŒ
þnuh{kt ™ «ðuþu. yk fkux™e rËðk÷ ytËksu 10
Vqx sux÷e …nku¤e nŒe.su™k …h ‚ir™fku
…nuhuËkhe fhŒk nŒk. yk fkux ™e ƒnkh™e ƒkswyu
fkux™u yze™u ¾kze …ý nŒe.
nðu yk fkux …ý Œqxðk™e nk÷Œ{kt
Au. yk Ëhðkò™e ƒksw{kt ykðu÷ yu…kxo{uLx
{ktÚke ÷kufku yðkh™ðkh ynet f[hku ™k¾Œk nkuÞ
Au. ytËksu 300 Úke 400 ð»ko sq™e yk
yirŒnkr‚f MÚk¤ rËð‚u™u rËð‚u f[hk™k Z„÷kt
™e[u ˃kR hne Au.
RrŒnk‚fkh R. R. Ëu‚kE ™e …wMŒf
"‚whŒ ‚ku™k™e {whŒ" (1958) {kt þnuh…™kn
fkux™e yrÄf {krnŒe yk…u÷ Au.

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 18
 rþÕ… y™u ‚tþkuÄ™
Ashta-Nayika
- Anita Korde

The Natya Shastra is an ancient Sanskrit

treatise on Indian performing arts, which is
authored by Bharata Muni (dated between 2nd
century BC and 2nd century AD). It has
influenced dance, music, and literary traditions in
India. He is the proponent of the aesthetic "Rasa"
theory, which asserts that entertainment is the
desired effect of performance of arts but not the
primary goal. The primary goal is to transport the
individual in the audience into another parallel
reality, full of wonder, where he experiences the
essence of his consciousness and reflects
spiritual and moral questions.
The classification of Ashta-Nayika or the
eight types of Nayikas (Nayika-bheda) first
appeared in Natya Shastra. The eight Nayikas
represent eight different states (avastha) in
relation to her hero or Nayaka. The Natya
Shastra describes the Nayikas in the following
o r d e r : Va s a k a s a j j a , V i r a h o t k a n t h i t a ,
Svadhinabhartruka, Kalahantarita, Khandita,
Vipralabdha, Proshitabhartruka, and Abhisarika.
The Nayikas are further classified into two The Natya Shastra describes the Eight Nayikas
varieties of the Shringara rasa, the rasa related in the following order:
to love: Sambhoga (love in the meeting) and
Ÿ Vasakkasajja Nayika: One dressed up for
Vipralambha (love in separation). Vasakasajja,
Svadhinabhartruka, and Abhisarika are union
associated with Sambhoga; the others with Ÿ Virahkotkanthita Nayika: One distressed by
Vipralambha. Bharat Muni has described many
separation
kinds of Nayikas depending on other factors like
social status, nature, and also on how she is Ÿ Svadhinabhartruka Nayika: One having her
treated by the king as being part of the royal husband in subjection
harem during ancient times. Ÿ Kalahantarita Nayika: One Separated by
The classification is detailed in later works
quarrel
like the Dasarupaka (10th century),
Sahityadarpana (14th century), and various Ÿ Khandita Nayika: One enraged with her lover
other treatises on poetics as well as erotic Ÿ Vipralabhdha Nayika: One deceived by her
Kamashastra texts like Kuttanimata (8th-9th
lover
century) based on Courtesans, Panchasayaka,
Anangaranga, and Smaradipika. Ÿ Proshitabhartruka Nayika: One with a
Keshavadasa's Rasikapriya (16th century) in sojourning husband
Hindi, also elaborates on the Ashta-Nayika. Ÿ Abhisarika Nayika: One going to meet her
The Ashta-Nayikas has been used as a theme in
lover
paintings, literature, sculptures as well as in
Indian classical dances like Kathak.
19 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
The Natya Shastra describes the above
Nayikas as follows:
1. Vasakasajja Nayika- one dressed up for union
Uchite vaasake yaa tu rati sambhoga lalasaa
mandanam kurute hrishta saa vai
vaasakasajjitaa (24:212)
' The lady who embellishes herself with
various jewels and adornments and eagerly
waits for her beloved's arrival with happiness is
known as a Vasakasajja Nayika.' This Nayika is
prepared to receive her beloved at any moment.
During the waiting period, she continuously
stares on the pathway expecting the arrival of her
Lord. She is depicted in her bed-chamber filled
with lotus leaves and garlands. She is dressing
herself in various garments, jewels, perfumes,
and flowers for the union with her lover and
"eager with the expectation of love's pleasure".
Her beauty is compared by Kesavadasa to Rati -
the Hindu Love Goddess, waiting for her
husband, the Love God Kamadeva. A
Vasakasajja sculpture is found in the Lakshmana
Temple in Khajuraho and the National Museum,
Delhi.
2. Virahotkanthita Nayika- One distressed by
separation
Aneka kaarya vyaasangaad yasyaa
naagachhati priyah
tadanaagata dukhaartaa virahotkanthitaa tu saa
(24:213)
'A Virahotkanthita Nayika is at utmost
sorrow, lamenting the un-arrival of her beloved
who could not come due to being engaged in
other activities.' Virahotkanthhita means
overwhelmed due to separation. This Nayika is
going through a separation from her beloved
who is not able to reach her due to some other
important duties. She suffers alone and is very
disturbed; everything around her is seen in the
perspective of separation. She is depicted
waiting for him, sitting or standing on a bed or out
in the pavilion.
3. Swadhinbhartrjuka Nayika-one having her
husband in subjection
Surataatirasair baddho yasyaa parshve tu
nayakah
saandraa moda guna prapta bhavet swadheena
bhartrikaa (24:214)
'Through her love and other characters,
she who has attracted her beloved to be by her
side at all times is known as Swadhinabhartruka
Nayika. He is subjugated by her intense love and
pleasing qualities. He is devoted and faithful to
her.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021 20
In paintings, this Nayika is depicted with a
Nayaka, who applies mahawar on her feet or a
vermilion tilak (mark) on her forehead. In
Jayadeva's Gita Govinda as well as in the poem
Kuru Yadunandana, Radha is portrayed as
Svadhinabhartruka. In the later, Radha
commands her lover, Lord Krishna, to rearrange
her makeup which is in disarray due to their
fierce coitus.
4. Kalahantarita Nayika-one separated by
quarrel
Irshya kalaha nishkraanto yasyaa naagachhati
p riyah saamarshavasha sampraaptaa
kalahantaarita bhavet (24:215)
'She, whose lover is separated from her
due to jealousy and quarrel, is known as
Kalahantarita Nayika. She is sorrowful at her
situation.' This Nayika feels remorseful due to
separation from her beloved through quarrel.
She is full of guilt and is deeply sorrowful as she
laments her deeds and separation. Her lover is
usually depicted leaving her apartment
disheartened, while she too becomes heartsick
and repentant without him. In other portrayals,
she is depicted refusing the advances of her
lover or refusing a wine cup from him. In Gita
Govinda, Radha is also portrayed as
Kalahantarita in an instance.
5. Khandita Nayika-one enraged with her lover
Vyaasangaaduchite yasyaa vaasake naagatah
priyah tadanaagama dukhaartaa khanditaa saa
prakeertitaah (24:216)
'One whose beloved has not come to her
and enjoys with another woman is known as a
Khandita. She is distressful and angry.' This
heroine feels offended as her beloved enjoys the
company of another girl. She is angry at his
unfaithfulness and is full of fear, pain, and
distress. She is depicted offended, rebuking her
lover for his infidelity.
6. Vipralabdha Nayika-one deceived by her lover
Ya s y a a d o o r i m p r i y a h p r e s h y a d a t t a a
sanketameva vaa
naagata kaaraneneha vipralabdhaa tu saa
bhavet (24:217)
'Even after sending messages, she
whose beloved does not show up is known as
Vipralabdha. She feels sad and humiliated.' A
Vipralabdha Nayika is disappointed at her
beloved for not showing up on time, despite his
knowledge about her distress and sadness in his
absence. She has waited for long and is anxious,
fearful, and sad. This happens when a lover
meets a Khandita and promises a tryst and
breaks his promise.
7. Proshitabhartruka Nayika-one with a 8. Abhisarika Nayika
sojourning husband Hitvaa lajjaantu yaa shlishtthaa madena
Gurukaaryaantara vashaad yasyaa vai proshita madanena vaa
priyah abhisaarayate kaantam saa bhavedabhisarika
praroodhaalakakeshaantaa bhavet proshita (24:219)
bhartrika (24:218) 'Overwhelmed with love, she who leaves
'One whose husband has left to another place for behind her family and shame to go and meet her
an important business is known as beloved is to be considered as an abhisarika.'
Proshitabhartruka Nayika. She is depicted as a She is depicted at the door of her house and on
lady who has abandoned her ornaments and left her way to the tryst, defying all kinds of difficulties
her hair loose.' She is depicted seated mourning, like the storm, snakes, and dangers of the forest.
surrounded by her maids, but refusing to be In art, Abhisarika is portrayed often in hurry
consoled. This Nayika portrays immense grief, towards her destination.
being neglectful of her appearance and deprived Heroines of the last six varieties are
of energy. She is sleepless and constantly thinks characterized by sighing, reflection, dejection,
of her beloved's arrival. weeping, change of color, weakness, and
absence of ornaments, and the first two by joy,
radiance, and joy.
The Nayika goes through different moods
in her lifetime as per the situation prevailing then.
Authors, poets, painters, dancers, and sculptors
have depicted the Ashta-Nayikas through their
work. Kalidasa has captured the anguish of
separation of his Nayika Shakuntala in his work
'Abhigyanshakuntalam' in Sanskrit.
Every
woman is
a Nayika
of her life
story. The
world is
her stage.
As per the
situation
and her
response
s s h e
g o e s
through
various
moods,
emotions,
challenge
s, failures
a n d
triumphs,
a n d
tribulation
s .
Shringar
Rasa is
very much
part of
Nayika's
beauty.
21 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
Vuƒúwykhe 2021 22
 Musical Instruments Of
Tribes Of Gujarat
Every society has music and dance as
integral part of their culture. Musical Instruments
are important part of dance and music. Tribal
culture and aesthetics are expressed through
music, dance, art and creativity. Women singing
songs at the time of birth of a child, in marriage
ceremonies and other religious festivals reflects
their life and culture. Music and Dance depend
on their musical instruments. Tribal musicians
have developed their own musical instruments
which they create with local material. However,
tribal people have now adopted modern urban
musical instruments also. They have variety of
musical instruments which can be divided
according to their form. Tribal people generally
usebamboo, gourds, wood, animal hide and
strings for preparing their musical instruments.
Some musical instruments have reached to
them from the urban musical tradition. Gujarat
has 30 tribal communities and each have their
specific musical instruments.
1. The Pavri is mainly a gourd instrument. It is
known as Dev-vajintra, the divine musical
instrument. It is generally played by Bhagata at
the time of the worship of deities, but Bhagatas
also play Pavri in weekly fairs. They play Pavri
and visit trader's shop for collecting donations. It
is a melodious instrument as well as
attractive in design. The gourds are grown in a
specific required form through a special process.
It has two long gourds with two pipes attached in
between them. The pipes have small holes for
creating melody. On the upper ground, a small
pipe is attached for creating melodious sound.
Bhagatas themselves make the instruments and
they are experts in playing it. Peacock feathers
are used to decorate the instrument, which make
it attractive and colorful.
2. Ghangali is a stringed instrument and it
looks like an inverted tambura. It is played with
fingers. Ghangali is based on two round
gourds joined with a bamboo stick. On both the
ends of bamboo, strings are tied on wooden
artistic nails. The gourd is attached to the
bamboo with wax. The ends of bamboo have
carved artistic faces of tiger or Crocodile.
23
ykrËðk‚e f÷k y™u ‚tMf]rŒ
- O. P. Joshi
This type of instrument is also prevalent
among Gurjars of Rajasthan and is known as
Jantar. The instrument is used while singing folk-
songs. The instrument is popular among the
tribes of South Gujarat. In Valsad district,
Bhagatas play this instrument on ceremonial
occasions.
3. Tun- tuni is another stringed instrument
used at by an individual while singing. It serves
the purpose of Tanpura. It has single string tied
with a stick and round box.
4. Tambura is the specified form of Tanpura.
It has a gourd tied with wooden nails and played
with fingers. It is mostly used while singing
Bhajana-Devotional songs.
5. The Khayala is a wind instrument. It looks
like a large flute. A broad mouthed brass handle
is fixed at the base in order to facilitate
the volume of the sound. The melody of the
Khayala is uniform, but is not monotonous.
Khayala wala gives a shrill note which suggests a
change in the movement of the dancers. The
players can make the music fast or slow befitting
the occasion by his breath. The Khayala is
popular in the Dang district and musicains buy it
from Nasik, Maharashtra.
6. Shahanai is also a wind instrument and
popularly used at the time of marriage and group
dance. The instrument has been adapted from
urban musicians. Shahanai is a Parsian
instrument which has been adapted by courts
and popular musicians. Shahanai is played with
tabla or dholki on festivals and marriages.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021

7. Flutes of different sizes are prepared by
tribal people and played for enjoyment. Small
flutes are played while dancing. The music
player plays on two flutes at a time and creates
melody with blowing with one or other. It is played
at the time of dance.
8. Vansali is a flute made of thicker bamboo.
One side of the flute is kept closed with wooden
piece.
9. Mohari Pava is also wind instrument similar
to Vansali but at the blowing place a small pipe is
fixed for wind.
10. Thali is a musical instrument which is used
in kitchen as a plate. It is a brass or bronze plate,
twelve or fifteen inches in diameter. With the help
of wax, a reed of about two or three feet long is
fixed on the center of the plate. The Thali is either
placed on ground or preferably on singer who
slowly and lightly passes the palm of his
hand on the reed from top to bottom. This very
touch produces a melody in keeping with the
spirit of the song.
11. Thalisar is a bronze plate with high borders
and is played with a stick two or three feet long.
Thalisar players keep the instrument in
their lap and slowly touch the stick and move it on
Thalisar. This movement produces raga
according to the spirit of the song.
12. Dero is also the musical instrument of
similar type. It is made with a medium-sized
earthen pot tying a large leaf on its mouth making
it air tight. It is played with the help of stringed
hook. A peacock feather reed is fixed on the leaf
and by passing the palms of both the
hands from below a musical note is produced.
13. Dholki is popular instrument and can be
carried easily. It is the counterpart of tabla. Dholki
is made from a whole tree piece of a
tree trunk, hollowed and the skin of animal is
fitted on both the sides of the body of the
instrument. It is played with the help of
small sticks or with fingers and palm of hands.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
14. Dhol is the larger form of Dholki. A large
hollowed drum is made of tin and hide on both the
sides are fitted with the help of strings.
It is popularly known as Tur.
15. Madal is also an instrument played by
beating it with hands. Among Warli tribe, Madal is
popular instrument. It is prepared with a whole
tree trunk and is fitted with animal skin. It is large
and looks majestic. Its rhythmic beats guide the
dancers in their intricate movements and foot
work.
16. Dhak is a musical instrument of Damaru
shape. It is prepared with two hollow wooden
cups joined in opposite directions and are
covered with animal hide-tide with strings. It is
played with two small strings having small strong
knots at the end of strings. Dhak is played by
moving a hand and string- knots create the
sound. It is a musical instrument of God Shiva
and it is popular among tribal people.
Tribal musical instruments are an aid to their
aesthetic sensitivity and expression.
Musical instruments are part and parcel of
variety of tribal dances. Dance is the enjoyment,
excitement and sensation in groups and to
individual; it is a delightful expression, display of
grace, and vigour. In Tribes, male and female
dances are performed in groups with the use of
various musical instruments.
Gujarat is rich in tribal culture and tribes
are protecting their cultural traits. I wish that a
Museum is created where tribal art, musical
instruments, dresses, and their traditional
equipments can be conserved and it will make an
attractive and historical place. The museum may
have a craft shop having musical instruments for
sale to visitors.
25
 ‚krnÂíÞf ðkh‚ku
yk…ýe {kŒ]¼k»kk yk…ýwt ‚tðuË™
- zkì . hksuþ ðýfh

fhkuzku ð»ko …nu÷k ¼k»kk ™nkuŒe …ý ‚tðuË™ku nŒk, r[ºkku nŒk, nðk{kt yk…ýu íÞkt ‚so™kí{f ûkuºku…Ë, ¼s™, Ëwnk, nkRfw, {ne™k, ‚kuhXk,
‚t„eŒ nŒwt. …]Úðe …h {ký‚ ykÔÞku …Ae Œuýu …ÚÚkh fu ÷kfzwt „ƒzŒwt „ƒzŒwt sŒwt ÷kuf„eŒ, ÷kuffÚkk, fnuðŒku, ÷½w™ð÷, xqtfeðkŒko, {kE¢kurVõþ™Úke {ktze™u
òuE™u [¢™e þkuÄ fhe. fk[wt {kt‚ fu Vq÷ ¾kŒk ¾kŒk …ÚÚkh yÚkzkðkÚke yk„ …uËk {nk™ð÷ ‚wÄe ‚so™ku ÚkÞk Au. nMŒ«Œku Úke {ktze™u rðþk¤ „útÚkku yk…ýe ¼k»kk{kt
fhe. yu s heŒu fkuR ÿ~Þ òuE™u fþe ¼ki„kur÷f ½x™k òuE ™u „¤k{ktÚke 'y' Au. yksu …ý …wMŒfku™e nòhku ™f÷ku A…kÞ Au y™u ðu[kÞ Au. …å[e‚-ºke‚
yuðku Wå[kh ™ef¤e „Þku ™u ¼k»kk ™ku sL{ ÚkÞku. {ký‚™e {kuxk{kt {kuxe þkuÄ ykð]r¥kyku ÚkkÞ Au. yk {kŒ]¼k»kk™u [kn™khku „wshkŒe Au, yu™wt „wshkŒe …ýwt Au.
'¼k»kk' Au. ƒÄk ð„h [k÷þu …ý ¼k»kk ð„h ™net [k÷u …ý ¼k»kk ð„h ™wt ¿kk™-rð¿kk™™e y™uf þk¾kyku {kŒ]¼k»kk{kt rðf‚e Au. y™wðkËku ŒhV ¾qƒ s
'y'{ktÚke s y, yk, R, E, W, Q ð„uhu þkuÄkÞwt nþu. sYrhÞkŒ «{kýu f,¾,„,½ æÞk™ hÌkwt Au. yk ¼k»kk™ku rðfk‚ Au.
ð„uhu æðr™yku r{© fÞko nþu. …Ae Œku ¼ki„kur÷f ƒË÷kð, ™Ëeyku ,…nkzku , ËrhÞk yk…ýu íÞkt ‚kiÚke ðÄw ò¤ðýe {kŒ]¼k»kk™e fhe nkuÞ Œku yu
ð„uhu™u fkhýu ‚{ks ÚkÞku ™u «kËurþfŒk …ý ykðe. …kuŒk™k rðMŒkh …qhŒk „k{zkykuyu fhe Au. yksu „k{zk™k ÷ø™, ðh½kuzk ð„uhu Wí‚ðku{kt „wshkŒe
ÔÞðnkhku [÷kððk {kxu «Ëuþ™e …kuŒk™e ¼k»kk ƒ™e. ¼khŒ Þwhkur…Þ™ sqÚk{ktÚke „eŒku s ðk„u Au ™u „ðkÞ Au, ÷kufku ™k[u Au. yksu ðkŒ ðkŒ{kt ÷kufðkŒko, fnuðŒku,
„wshkŒe hksMÚkk™e sqÚk™u y÷„ Œhe ykÔÞwt. '¼hŒuïh ƒknwƒr÷hk{' ÁrZ«Þku„ku „k{u„k{ ƒku÷kÞ Au. yksu hkus ™ðk ™ðk „eŒku h[kÞ Au, yu™k Œk÷u
r‚æÄnku{™wt þçËk™wþk‚™' suðe f]rŒyku {¤e ‚ku¤{e ‚Ëe{kt ¼k÷ý' „wshkŒe ™[kÞ Au. Þwxâwƒ W…h xe{÷e fu÷kuf „eŒ ‚[o fhþku Œku yks™ku „k{zk™ku
¼k»kk' yuðwt fnu ‚¥kh{e {e ‚Ëe{kt «u{k™tË '„wshkŒe ¼k»kk' «Þku„ fhu „wsoh¥kk fu „wshkŒe «u{ Œ{™u [ku¬‚ {¤þu.
„wsohºkk {kt {kÁ „wsoh suðku ¼kð sL{u. ™{o˼k»kk™u fwhƒk™ ÚkE òÞ þk¤kykuyu „wshkŒe ¼k»kk™u {níð yk…ðk {ktzâwt Au, ™ðe rþûký
.Ë÷…Œhk{ Yze „wshkŒe™k AzeËkh. ƒ™e òÞ y™u yk…ýe yk yðko[e™ ™erŒ{kt yu™u {níð y…kÞwt Au. fku÷uòu - Þwr™ðŠ‚xeyku „wshkŒe ¼k»kk nkutþu nkutþu
„wshkŒe ¼k»kk su yk…ýk ÔÞðnkh{kt yk…ýk ‚tðuË™ {kt ðýkE òÞ. ¼ýkðu Au. fkÞko÷Þku y™u ‚k{krsf ÔÞðnkhku™wt {kæÞ{ {kŒ]¼k»kk s hÌkwt Au.
n{ýkt s yuf fkÞo¢{{kt fw{kh…k¤ Ëu‚kE ƒkuÕÞku fu ''{ký‚ {kºk {kt ÷kuf‚krníÞ{kt {kŒ]¼k»kk™e ‚k[e {eXkþ {¤u Au. ½ýk Þwðk ‚tþkuÄfku
™k ¾ku¤ WAhŒku ™Úke, …ý {kŒ]¼k»kk™u ¾ku¤u …ý WAhu Au. {kŒ]¼k»kk yu™u ½zu Au, yu ŒhV ðéÞk Au. nk÷hzkt, {hrþÞk, ÷ø™ „eŒku, nku¤e „eŒku, ¾uŒe „eŒku, {u¤k
yu{kt suðk ‚tðuË™ku yk…ýu hku…eþw, yuðku yu™ku WAuh Úkðk™ku. ‚kŒuf nòh „eŒku ð„uhu þkuÄkE hÌkwt Au, ‚[ðkE hÌkwt Au. yk {kŒ]¼k»kk™e {ò Au, yu{kt hnu÷k
¼k»kkyku ƒku÷Œk yk…ýu s„Œ™k ‚kzk A yƒs {™w»Þ Aeyu. yksu …ý ykrË{ {k™ð Sð™™k ‚k[k ‚tðuË™ku™u y™w¼ð fhðk {kxu yksu ÷kufku Œ÷…k…z Au,
yu™e {eXkþ {kýðe ‚ki™u „{u Au.
ykrË{ yuðe ¼k»kkyku ßÞkt yð„{™ ™Úke íÞkt yuðe ™u yuðe s Au. ¼khŒ{kt
{kŒ]¼k»kk yu {kŒ]¼k»kk s Au, {k Au. {k™wt Ônk÷ ‚ki™u „{u Au.
ƒtÄkhýu Mðefkhu÷e 22 ¼k»kkyku W…hktŒ ‚Ufzku ƒku÷eyku Au. r„úy‚o™u „wshkŒ™e
{kŒ]¼k»kk{kt s ‚ki™u ‚…™k ykðu Au. ‚…™k …whk fhðk {ký‚ ƒeS ¼k»kk™ku
s 22 ƒku÷eyku þkuÄe fkZe nŒe. fux÷ef ƒku÷eyku {he hne Au. fux÷kf yktfzk
ykÄkh ÷uŒku nþu …ý yu™u {kŒ]¼k»kk™ku ¾ku¤ku s ‚kiÚke ðnk÷ku ÷k„u Au. yu{kt hnu÷wt
òuEyu Œku hkS ¼k»kk 700 ÷kufku, ytË{k™™e Shðk ¼k»kk 250 ÷kufku, ytË{k™™e
‚tðuË™ yu™k Sð™™u þkŒk yk…u Au. yux÷u s {™u {khe {kŒ]¼k»kk «íÞu yZ¤f
ykuL„ ¼k»kk 100 ÷kufku, yk‚k{™e ynku{ ¼k»kk 150 ƒ]nË yktËkr{r™Íw ¼k»kk
Ônk÷ Au, y™u yux÷e s ©Øk Au.
ƒku÷™khk VõŒ ‚kŒ ÷kufku Au, yuðk 2001 ™k yktfzkyku Au. yktËkr{r™Íw ƒ]nË{kt
sÞ „wshkŒ
'hkW…f' ™k{™ku þçË Au. su ƒeS fkuR ¼k»kk{kt ™Úke. yk þçË su™ku ¼kE fu
sÞ „wshkŒe
ƒnu™ {]íÞw …kBÞk nkuÞ Œu{™k {kxu «ÞkuòÞ Au. yk{ {kŒ]¼k»kk™wt yk„ðwt {níð
Au, yk„ðe rðþu»kŒkyku Au. {kŒ]¼k»kk yu™k yk„ðk ‚tMfkhku ÷E™u ykðu Au.
Ëhuf™e {kŒ]¼k»kk{kt yu™k {q¤ ƒku÷™kh …k‚u yu™e Wå[khý™e ÷Zý Au. yk…ýu
íÞkt fkXeÞkðkze fu ‚whŒe™e yk„ðe ÷Zý Au, yu™k Wå[khýku yu™k «Ëuþ ™e
{nuf yk…u Au.
{nkí{k „ktÄeyu fÌkwt nŒwt fu,"{k™e AkŒe yu Úke nwt y¤„ku ™ ÚkkWt yu{
{kŒ]¼k»kkÚke …ý ™ ÚkkWt, {khk Sð™™u ½z™kÁt ËqÄ {™u ƒesu fâktÚke {¤u"
W{kþtfh òuþeyu fÌkwt nŒwt fu, "{kŒ]¼k»kk™wt rþûký ÔÞÂõŒ™wt r™{koý fhu Au,
[krhºÞ™wt ½zŒh fhu Au, y™u ‚tMfkhku™wt ®‚[™ fhu Au."
2011 ™e ðMŒe „ýŒhe «{kýu ¼khŒ{kt Aêk ¢{u ƒku÷kŒe ¼k»kk
„wshkŒe Au. 5.56 fhkuz ÷kufku „wshkŒe ¼k»kk ƒku÷uAu, su ¼khŒ™e ðMŒe™k 4.5 %
sux÷k Au. rðï{kt „wshkŒe ƒku÷™khk ÷kufku 6.55 fhkuz Au. rðï{kt 26{kt ¢{u yk
¼k»kk ƒku÷kÞ Au. 700 ð»ko sq™e „wshkŒe ¼k»kk rðï¼h{kt Au, Œu y{urhfk y™u
fu™uzk{kt …ý ðÄw ƒku÷kÞ Au.
25 Vuƒúwykhe 2021

¼s
w ™k «k„{n÷
u ‚kÚku s MÚk…kÞ÷
u tw hk…h™:tw
«k„…h
hk…h Œk÷wfk™wt «k„…h „k{ yux÷u …xu÷™e ðMŒe ÄhkðŒwt y™u ykŠÚkf
heŒu ‚{]Ø „k{ yux÷u «k„…h yku¤¾kÞ Au!«k„…h „k{ yu …kx™„hÚke 235
rf÷ku{exh y™u rsÕ÷k {Úkf ¼wsÚke 131 rf÷kur{xh Ëqh y™u Œk÷wfk {ÚkfÚke
12 rf÷kur{xh™k ytŒhu ykðu÷wt Au!«k„…h ™e MÚkk…™k ™ku ErŒnk‚ òuEyu Œku
nk÷™k «k„…h „k{™wt …u÷k ™k{ hk…h zk¼zeÞwt nŒwt y™u yu ‚{Þ{kt „k{{kt
fwt¼kh y™u {k÷e hnuŒk nŒk. «k„…h „k{™e su{ýu MÚkk…™k fhu÷ Au Œu …xu÷
ƒu[hk Sðý [k{rhÞk …u÷k Wr{Þk „k{\{kt hnuŒk nŒk suyku Wr{Þk Ëhƒkh
÷k¾kS™e s{e™ ¾uzŒk nŒk. Œu{™k «ÞJÚke rð¢{ ‚tðŒ 1918 {kt fåA™k
{nkhkð «k„{÷S™k ‚{Þ{kt ynetÞk «k„…h ykÔÞk y™u „k{™wt Œkuhý ƒktæÞwt
y™u ¼ws™ku «k„{nu÷ y™u ðk„z™wt «k„…h ƒt™u yufs rËð‚u MÚkk…™k ÚkE Au
yuðe {kneŒe yk…Œk „k{™k ðze÷ y™u su{™k …qðoòuyu „k{™e MÚkk…™k fhe Au
Œuðk {k™k¼kE [k{rhÞk sýkðu Au fu fåA™k {nkhkð «k„{÷S W…hÚke „k{™wt
™k{ «k„…h hk¾ðk{k ykÔÞwt y™u „k{{kt rþð {trËh™e MÚkk…™k fhðk{kt ykðe,
yksu …ý yu rþð {trËh Au. su ™k™e yuðe Ëuhe ƒ™kðu÷ nŒe su yksu {kuswË Au.
yk søÞk «k„…h „k{Úke W„{ýe ƒksw Äkh{k ykðu÷wt Au ßÞkt …u÷k „k{ ™ku Íkt…kuu
nŒku. «k„…h™e MÚkk…™k™k 30 ð»ko …Ae yux÷u fu rð¢{ ‚tðŒ 1948{kt «k„…h
„k{ W…h {kr¤Þk™ku fk™eÞku r{Þkýku ƒnkhðrxÞk nŒku. su {kr¤Þk™k ‚hÄh
™k{™k ƒnkhðxeÞk™ku Ëefhku nŒku su fk™eÞku ƒnkhðrxÞku «k„…h „k{™u ¼k„ðk
{kxu ykðu Au.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
yŒwÕÞ ¼khŒ
- {nkËuð ƒkhz
ƒnkhðrxÞk 20 Úke 25 ½kuzu‚ðkhku nkuÞ Au y™u yks™k þtfh
{trËh™e …kA¤™k ¼k„u ¾uŒh{kt ƒÒku ¼kEyku {whk ƒu[hk y™u „ku…khk ƒu[hk
f…k‚™e ‚ktÚke™u ‚wzŒk nŒk íÞkhu ƒnkhðrxÞk ykðu Au, y™u ƒÒku ¼kEyku
fkuËk¤eÚke ƒÒku ƒnkhðrxÞk ™wt íÞkt s Ze{ Zk¤e Ëu Au, …htŒwt ðÄkhu ƒnkhðrxÞk
nŒk yux÷u ƒ™U ¼kEyku íÞkt „k{™e ðkh{kt „k{ ™u ¼kt„Œwt ƒ[kððkt {kxu …kuŒk™k
«ký™u LÞkuAkðh fhu Au Œu{™k yksu …ý …kr¤Þk yze¾{ þeð {trËh™e ƒksw {kt
W¼k Au, su{kt rð¢{ ‚ðtŒ 1948 y™u ™ðktýe yr„Þkh‚ y™u þr™ðkh ™k
r{Þkýk ™k ƒnkhðrxÞk ‚k{u ÷zŒk ÷zŒk hk{þhý ÚkÞu÷ Au. su™e …kr¤Þk{k
™kutÄ Au. «k„…h „k{{kt …u÷k …xu÷kE hk{S¼kE {k÷e …k‚u nŒe …Ae ƒu[hk
Sðý …k‚u …xu÷kE ykðe y™u ð»kkuo ‚wÄe hne nŒe. yk ƒnkhðrxÞkyu «k„…h
„k{ ¼kt„e™u …Ae hðu[e {kŒkSyu yks ƒnkhðrxÞkyu [kuhe fhu÷e y™u …Ae
hðu[e{kyu yk ƒnkhðrxÞk™u {uðk‚k™k Œ¤kð{k yktĤku fhe ™k¾u÷ku, y™u
…kA¤Úke ðkh ykðu÷e y™u ƒtËwfu ËeÄu÷ku su™ku …kr¤Þku y™u òuzu ƒeòƒu
‚kÚkeËkh™k …kr¤Þk yksu {uðk‚k™k Œ¤kð™e …kh{k W¼k Au. «k„…h „k{ yuf
ðkh ¼„kÞwt …Ae, ƒeS ðkh ƒeò ƒnkhðrxÞk ykðu÷k …ý „k{ ™nkuŒwt ¼„kÞwt.
«k„…h „k{ hkð™wt „k{ nŒwt yux÷u yk „k{{kt {k… [k÷Œwt nŒwt, ßÞkhu hkð™k „k{
r‚ðkÞ™k „k{{kt {kýwt [k÷Œwt nŒwt.
26
 «k„…h „k{™e MÚkk…™k ÚkE íÞkhu ƒu[hk Sðý
[k{rhÞk ‚kÚku hkðrhÞk y™u ‚ktZk þk¾™k …xu÷ òuzu ykðe
™u ð‚u÷k su{ýu „k{ ™e MÚkk…™k fhu÷ Œu [k{heÞk þk¾™k
…xu÷™e Ëefhe ‚ktZk þk¾{k …hýðu÷ nŒe yux÷u Œuyku òuzu
ykðu÷k y™u [k{heÞk™k ËkËk hkðheÞk{kt …hýu÷k yux÷u
Œuyku òuzu ykðu÷k yk{ [k{heÞk ‚ktZk y™u hkðheÞk yu{
ºký þk¾™k …xu÷ku «Úk{ ykðe ™u ðMÞk …Ae ¼[kWÚke ðiË
ykÔÞk ‚ktZkyu hk…h Úke ykÔÞk y™u hkðheÞk fxkheÞkÚke
ykðe™u «k„…h „k{{kt ðMÞk y™u …Ae ykswƒksw {ktÚke
…xu÷™e ƒeS þk¾ku suðe fu …ku÷kh [kiÄhe ðkrðÞk ¼kxu‚hk
¼úk‚zeÞk ðuhkŒ …kt[…kÞk nkrÚkÞkýe fkhkuºkk ðiË yk{ ƒÄes
þk¾™k …xu÷ku ykðe™u ðMÞk nŒk Œu{s „k{{kt y™w.òrŒ
ƒúkñýku, ‚kÄw, ðk¤tË, fku÷e, ¼hðkz, ‚wÚkkh, si™, „Zðe,
{khks ð„uhu ykðe™u ðMÞk y™u „k{ yksu ‚{]Ø Au.
ƒÄes ¿kkrŒ™ku „k{™k rðfk‚ {k y™uhku Vk¤ku Au. sq™k
rþð {trËh ƒksw{kt ™ðwt rþð™wt {trËh rð¢{ ‚ðtŒ 2032{kt
ƒtÄkÔÞwt Au, su 10 nòh™k ¾[uo ƒtÄkÔÞwt nŒwt. su{kt {kËuðk
yð[h™k ºký nòh y™u „ku®ðËk {™S Ëk{k™k …[e‚ku
…r[‚ku y™u ƒu nòh ƒkfe ™k fw÷ 6 ½h™k yu{ fhe™u 10
nòh{k rþð {trËh ƒ™kðu÷ su yksu …ý yze¾{ W¼wt Au.
ynetÞk Œu™k «k„ý{kt yuf „wVk ykðu÷e Au, ßÞkt su{ýu
„k{™e MÚkk…™k fhu÷ Au. Œu{™k ðtþs y™u ½ýk ð»kkuo ‚wÄe
„k{™k ‚h…t[ y™u …xu÷kE nŒe Œu ƒu[hk …kt[k …xu÷yu
‚kzk ºký ÷k¾ ò… fhu÷k y™u Œuyku {]íÞw …kBÞk íÞkhu
Œu{™k þƒ™u Œu{™k fÌkk {wsƒ îkhfk™k ËrhÞk{kt s¤
‚{krÄ ÷uðzkðe nŒe. suyku ykæÞkÂí{f Sð™ SðŒk nŒk.
«k„…h „k{ ™e ƒksw{kt òu÷ rðMŒkh ykðu÷ku Au, íÞkt …u÷k
¼kx™wt „k{ nŒwt y™u íÞkt Úke yk„¤ …ý yuf fkXe™e
ð‚knŒ nŒe. «k„…h „k{ {kt y™w. òrŒ …k‚u n™w{k™
ËkËk ™wt {trËh ykðu÷wt Au íÞkt „k{™ku sw™ku Íkt…kuu nŒku. Íkt…kuu
yux÷u „k{™wt «ðuþîkh fnuðkÞ Au. ynetÞk rƒhks{k™
n™w{k™ ËkËk™e MÚkk…™k ƒu[hk Sðý …xu÷u fhe nŒe.
«k„…h „k{{kt hnuýkf {kxu ðk‚ ykðu÷k Au.
su{kt y™wt òrŒ ðk‚, sw™kuðk‚, …xu÷™e ¾zfe, ½kt[eðk‚,
hkðheÞkðk‚, ¾u s zkðk‚, ‚ku ™ eðk‚, ™ðku ð k‚,
¼hðkzþuhe, ‚ku‚kÞxe , ™ðw…Át, ¾hðkz hk{…Át,
[feðk‚ yk{ fw÷ Ëþ Úke ƒkh ðk‚ ykðu÷k Au. su{ ðk‚ Au
Œu{ «k„…h „k{™ku ðkze rðMŒkh …ý ykðu÷ku Au. su{kt
òu÷ðkze, zku¤fk, StsheÞk, Äúkt„úk, s„khk, ‚whe…xw,
Vq÷nÁt, „ku„kðkrhÞk, ÚkheÞk, ftÄkufkðkze, yk{ ðkze
rðMŒkh ykðu÷ku Au. «k„…h „k{{kt ðkze rðMŒkh™e su{
Œ¤kð …ý ykðu÷k Au, su{kt ftÄkufk Œ¤kð, òu÷ ðkÁt
Œ¤kð, ¼w¼h Œ¤kð, Vq÷nhk{kt fkXeŒh Œ¤kð su
fkXeykuyu ¾eËkðu÷wt nŒwt, „kuÞ÷kðkÁt Œ¤kð, {kurŒÞk‚he
Œ¤kð, …kÄh™wt Œ¤kð yk{ fw÷ ‚kŒ Œ¤kð ykðu÷k Au.
27 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
 «k„…h™e sq™e …xu÷kE ðk÷k {qhk [k{rhÞk™e nŒe …ý Œu{™e
ykŠÚkf …hÂMÚkrŒ ‚khe ™ nkuŒ Œu{™k {kuxk ¼kE „ku®ðË™u yk…e su yksu …ý
Œu{™k ðkh‚k{k …xu÷kE [k÷w Au su „k{ ™e ‚n{Œe Úke [k÷w Au.
«k„…h „k{{kt ykðu÷ {kurŒÞk‚he Œ¤kð ykðu÷wt Au, su „ku®ð˼kE
[k{rhÞk yu ¾kuËðu÷ Au. ßÞkhu ftÄkufk ðkÁt Œ¤kð yu sq™wt Œ¤kð Au, y™u
yk‚…k‚™k ƒÄks rðMŒkh ™u ®‚[kR™wt …kýe Œu …qÁt …kzu Au. y™u „k{™u …eðk™wt
…kýe …ý íÞktÚke ykðu Au, su Œ¤kð ™u Ÿzwt ƒu[hk …kt[k …xu÷™k ð¾Œ{k ÚkÞwt Au.
«k„…h „k{ W…h ¾wƒze {kŒkS™k [kh nkÚk Au. ¾qƒze {kŒkS „k{™e ƒksw{kt
‚ku™k÷ðk „k{™e ‚e{{k rƒhks{k™ Au. íÞkt {kuxku {u¤ku …ý ¼hkÞ Au, y™u
«k„…h „k{™k ƒnkh {wtƒE ð‚Œk ÷kufku …ý {u¤k{kt y[qf ykðu Au y™u {kŒkS
™k Ëþo™ fhu Au.
yu{ fnuðkÞ Au fu, ßÞkhu «k„…h „k{ {kt yksÚke ð»kkuo …nu÷k ŸËrhÞwt ™k{™ku
hku„ ykðu÷ku nŒku íÞkhu yk¾wt „k{ ¾k÷e ÚkE „Þwt nŒwt, y™u „k{ ÷kufku {kŒkS™k
þhýu „Þk nŒk. íÞkt ƒksw{kt ykðu÷ ¾rzÞk Œ¤kð …k‚u yk¾wt „k{ A Úke ‚kŒ
{rn™k hÌkwt nŒwt. y™u «k„…h „k{ ÷kufku yu {kŒkS™u fh ƒktÄe ËeÄku nŒku y™u
„k{ yk¾k ™k Ëw:¾™wt r™ðkhý ÚkÞwt nŒwt y™u hku„ ™kƒqË ÚkR „Þku. VheÚke yk¾wt
„k{ …kAwt ykÔÞwt y™u „k{{kt ykðe ™u ðMÞkt nŒk.
«k„…h „k{{kt ykðu÷ þtfh™e søÞk{k ƒu ‚{krÄ ykðu÷e A,u su yuf
¼hðkz yktƒk Yzk™e Au Œku yuf hƒkhe Sðk ‚ðk ™e Au. hƒkhe Sðk ‚ðk yu ¼„Œ
nŒk y™u ®n„¤ks …„…k¤k Ëþo™ fhe ykðu÷k y™u ¼„Œ Œhefu Sð™ „wshkŒ
nŒk íÞkhu Œu{™uu ‚k… fhzâku y™u y™u hk{þhý ÚkÞk. Œu{™e ynetÞk ‚{krÄ
ykðu÷e Au, Œu{™k ðtþòu nk÷u {kuzðËh hnu Au. ßÞkhu yktƒk ¼hðkz …ý
®n„¤ks …ŠþÞkÔÞk nŒk y™u Œuyku {kuxe Wt{hu hk{ þhý ÚkÞk nŒk. Œu{™k
ðtþòu™u …xu÷ku îkhfk Úke ÷kðu÷k yuðwt fnuðkÞ Au y™u …xu÷ku òuzu s Wr{ÞkÚke
ykðe™u «k„…h{kt ðMÞkt nŒk.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
yk ƒÒku Ëuhe ™wt r™{koý rð¢{ ‚tðŒ 2065™k f{k ™kÚkk hƒkhe™k nMŒu Vk„ý
‚wË 13™k ‚ku{ðkhu MÚkk…™k fhu÷ Au yuðe ™kutÄ ÷¾u÷ Au. «k„…h „k{{kt hnuŒk
©e{k¤e si™ …xðk {q¤ yÄkuR hnuŒk nŒk suyku ynetÞk ykðe™u ðMÞk Au ynetÞk
rþ¾hƒtÄ rs™k÷Þ ykðu÷wt Au su …u÷k „]n {trËh nŒwt. yk rs™k÷Þ™e «Œeck
…w.{wr™©e rfhýrðsÞS yu ( …wt. yk. ©e.rðsÞf™f‚qrhS {.‚k {kt rþ»Þ) yu
rð¢{ ‚ðtŒ 2023{kt fhkðe ynetÞk ð™u[tË …xðk yu ßÞkurŒ»k™k ‚khk r™»ýkŒ
nŒk. ynetÞk ÄhŒeft…{k yuf …ý ÔÞÂõŒ™e {]íÞw ÚkÞwt ™ nŒwt. «k„…h™ku
1962™ku Vkuxku h{uþ¼kE ‚ku™e yu …kzu÷ku Œu òuðk {¤u Au su{kt yuf …r™nkhe yuf
{kx÷kt W…h nu÷ …kýe ¼he™u sŒe òuðk {¤u Au, y™u yuf †e Akufhk™u fk¾ {kt
Œuze™u sŒe òuðk {¤u Au y™u ¼U‚kuu ƒòh{kt xnu÷Œe òuðk {¤u Au. su „k{™ku
¼ÔÞ ¼qŒfk¤ ‚kÚku sq™wt „k{ á~Þ{k™ ÚkkÞ Au.
«k„…h „k{{kt fw{kh þk¤k ykðu÷e Au su™e MÚkk…™k 2/4/1949{kt
ÚkÞu÷e Au, y™u fLÞk þk¤k …ý ykðu÷e Au Œu{s {kæÞr{f þk¤k ykðu÷e Au su
«k„…h fu¤ðýe {tz¤ xÙMx™k {kæÞ{Úke [k÷u Au, su™e MÚkk…™k sq™ 1999{kt
fhðk{k ykðe nŒe. Œu{s MðŒtºk …t[kÞŒ Au y™u ykhkuøÞ ‚ƒ ‚uLxh ykðu÷wt Au
Œu{s ƒu yk„ýðkze ykðu÷e Au. yuf …þw Ëðk¾k™wt nŒwt su …ze „Þwt Au. yuf ËwÄ
zuhe ykðu÷e Au. „k{{kt «ðuþŒk s ™ðwt rþð {trËh ykðu÷wt Au, Œu{s „k{{kt {kuxku
÷e{zku ykðu÷ku Au, ßÞkt Œ{™u „k{{kt {kuxe Wt{h™k ðze÷ku ƒuXu÷k òuðk {¤u Au.
Œu{s ÷ktƒe ƒòh …ý ykðu÷e Au.„k{ {kt …þwÄ™ {kuxk «{ký{kt Au yux÷u
„k{{kt nðkzk …kýe ™k ykðu÷k Au. „k{™u …kýe …qhŒwt {¤e hnu Œu {kxu {kuxk
™{oËk™k …kýe ™k xktfk ykðu÷k Au!
«k„…h „k{™e ðMŒe 3190 Au y™u ½h 626 ykðu÷k Au. su{kt †e
™e ‚tÏÞk 51.6% Au ßÞkhu „k{™ku rþûký Ëh 46.2% Au. su{kt †e rþûký Ëh
19% Au, yk{ „k{ ykŠÚkf heŒu ¾wƒs ‚{]Ø „k{ Au. nk÷u ðŒo{k™ ‚h…t[
…wheƒu™ Ëuðhks [k{rhÞk Au, su{™k ðtþòuyu „k{ ™e MÚkk…™k fhu÷ nŒe.
«k„…h „k{ îkhk hkuz W…h yuf yÒk ûkuºk [k÷w Au su ƒkhu{k‚ Þkºkk¤w [k÷e ™u
sŒk nkuÞ Œu™u s{kzu Au su™wt ‚t[k÷™ ËuðS¼kE ðk¤tË fhu Au.
28

„wshkŒ™k ykÄwr™f {u¤kyku
r[ºk - rðr[ºk ™ku {u¤ku
„wshkŒ™k ‚kƒhfktXk rsÕ÷k™k ¾uzƒúñk Œk÷wfk™k Ëu÷ðkzk „k{ Úke {kºk ËkuZuf
fe÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu ykðu÷k „wý¼k¾he „k{{kt r[ºk-rðr[ºk {u¤ku ÞkuòÞ Au yk
„k{ yk„¤ yk fzðk fh™u ‚kƒh{Œe ™Ëe™k ‚t„{ …h ykðu÷wt Au Úkkuze …Ae™k
[kiË{kt rËð‚u yux÷u fu Vk„ý ðË [kiËþu ¼hkŒku r[ºk rðr[ºk ™ku {u¤ku Œu™k ™k{
«{kýu rðr[ºk Au yuðe {kLÞŒk Au fu nÂMŒ™k…wh yks™wt rËÕne ™k þk‚™ fhŒk
þktŒ y™u ƒu …wºkku nŒk y™u rðr[ºkrðÞo su Œuyku™e {kŒk ‚íÞðŒe su {íMÞ„tÄk
Œhefu …ý òýeŒk nŒk y™u hkò ™k sMx …wºk ËuððúŒ {nk¼khŒ™k ¼e»{
ðå[u™k ‚tƒtÄku yt„u ¾kuxe {kLÞŒk ÄhkðŒk nŒk …kA¤Úke …kuŒk™e ¼q÷ Œuyku™u
‚{òŒk …kuŒu òŒu s ƒr÷Ëk™ yk…e yÂø™M™k™ fÞwO nŒwt yk ƒr÷Ëk™ Œu{ýu
„wý¼k¾he ™k{™e xufhe …k‚u™k ºkðuýe ‚t„{ MÚk¤u fÞwO nŒwt …kuŒk™e
„uh‚{sÚke ÚkÞu÷e ¼q÷ ™k …MŒkðk™k fkhýu íÞk„ fh™kh ƒÒku ¼kEyku ™e ÞkË
{kt r[ºk rðr[ºk {u¤ku ÞkuòÞ Au yhðÕ÷e™e ftËhkyku{kt Úke ‚ku¤ þý„kh ‚S™u
ðe÷ y™u „hkr‚Þk ykrËðk‚e yk {u¤k{kt Q{xe …zu Au †eyku {kuxk ¼k„u
[ktËe™k ½huýk Úke ‚ä nkuÞ Au ™Ëeyku™k ‚t„{ MÚkk™u ykðe Œuyku Œu{™k …qðoòu™e
ÞkË{kt rð÷k… fhu Au ðnu÷e ‚ðkhu r¼÷kuzk ®n{Œ™„h þk{¤kS «ktrŒs y™u
¾uzƒúñk™k ykrËðk‚eyku ™Ëe{kt r…Œ]yku™k yÂMÚk™wt rð‚so™ fhu Au ÄkŠ{f rðrÄ
fhu Au Ëqh ËqhÚke ykðu÷k ‚„k M™uneyku ™u {¤e ð»ko Ëhr{Þk™ {]íÞw …k{u÷k
M™unes™ku™u ÞkË fhu rð÷k… fhu Au y™u yufƒeò™u ykïk‚™ …ý yk…u Au
ykðe™u ƒnkh fkZðk ™e rðrÄ fnuðkÞ Au fËk[ yk yuf {kºk yuðku nþu su Ëw:¾Ë
ÞkËku ŒkS fhðk {kxu ÞkuòŒku nkuÞ.
29
‚ktMf]rŒf ðkh‚ku
‚tf÷™ - xe{ yŒwÕÞ ðkh‚ku
ƒeò rËð‚u yk {u¤ku ™ðku sL{ Äkhý fhu Au rð÷k… fhŒkt ÷kufku
ƒeò rËð‚u Zku÷-™„khk™k Œk÷u ™]íÞ fhe „eŒku „kÞ y™u yk™tË «{kuË fhu Au
yk {u¤k{kt …k™ ¾kðk™ku y™u ¾ðzkððk™ku …ý y™uhku {rn{k Au {u¤k{kt Xuh-Xuh
ƒk¤kyku „{Œk òuðk {¤u Au ™Sf™k „k{{ktÚke ykrËðk‚eyku ‚{qn Zku÷ ™„khk
ð„kzŒk rðr[ºk {nkËuð ŒhV M…Äkoí{f heŒu Ä‚e òÞ íÞkhu ykrËðk‚e fLÞkyku
{kxu sðkhk ÷E™u s Á{Íw{ fhŒe ykðu Au y™u {u¤kyku Úke r¼Òk yuðk r[ºk-
rðr[ºk {u¤k{kt ƒeS yuf ykùÞo™e ðkŒ yu Au fu ynet™k ykrËðk‚eyku Zku÷
ðk„Œkt™e ‚kÚku s y[k™f yu{™e xufheyku W…h ykðu÷k Íqt…zk{ktÚke rðþk¤
‚tÏÞk{kt ƒnkh ykðe òÞ Au y™u {u¤ku …qhku ÚkŒkt y[k™f ykt¾ku {ký‚ ‚{wËkÞ
r„rh{k¤kyku{kt fâk ‚{kE òÞ Au Œu™e ¾ƒh …ý ™ …zŒe ™Úke ykrËðk‚e
‚tMf]rŒ™e ™SfÚke òýðk ™u {kýðk {kxu yk {u¤k™e {w÷kfkŒ ÷uðk suðe s Au.
{ehk ËkŒkh ™ku {u¤ku (W™kðk)
{nu‚kýk rsÕ÷k™k WtÍk Œk÷wfk™k ™Sf rËÕne bomba y ™uþ™÷ nkEðu W…h
ykðu÷k W™kðk {kt ykðu÷e nÍhŒ ‚iÞË y÷e {ehk ËkŒkh ƒk…w™e Ëh„kn
¼krðfku{kt y™uhku ykMÚkk™wt «rŒf ƒ™u÷e Au ð»ko 2013{kt 537 {wƒkhf ™e
Wsðýe fhkE nŒe nðu …qhkt R‚ {k™…whk Úke ‚wtËh fr{xe™k ‚ÇÞku 9 r™þk™
÷E™u …„…k¤k ™ef¤e ËkŒkh ƒk…w™e Ëh„kn ykðe …nkut[u Au ßÞkt sw÷q‚ fkZe™u
Äk{Äq{Úke Ëh„kn{kt r™þk™ [zkððk{kt ykðu Au Wí‚ð r™r{¥ku ‚ðkhu Ëh„kn{kt
fwhk™™wt …X™ fhðk{kt ykðu Au ‚V¤ ÚkÞk ƒkË ƒeò rËð‚u ‚ðkhu [kh ðkøÞu
ËkŒkh ƒk…w ™e {ò þheV™u „w‚÷ fhe™u ‚t„{ [zkððk{kt ykðu Au ¼kEyku
Þkºkk¤wyku™u «‚kËe Yr…Þk yk…Œk nkuÞ Au.yk rËð‚u ¼khŒ¼h{kt Þkºkk¤wyku ykðe
ËkŒkh ƒk…w ™k Ëþo™ fhu Au.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
ËkŒkh™k MÚkk™fu Ëh ð»kuo ytËksu yuf ÷k¾ Ëuþ-rðËuþ{ktÚke Ëþo™kÚkeoyku ykðu Au
W…hktŒ Þkºkk¤wyku …Äkhu Au Ëh ð»kuo W™kðk{kt ÞkuòŒkt {wÂM÷{ku™e ‚kÚku rnLËwyku
…ý {kuxe ‚tÏÞk{kt ¼k„ ÷u Au Ëh„kn{kt Ëe™ Ëw¾e ™u ÷E™u Œu{™k Mðs™ku
{™kufk{™k …qýo fhðk {kxu Ëþo™kÚkuo ykðu Au {ehkËkŒkh {u¤k Ëhr{Þk™ Wí‚kn
W{t„ y™u ©Øk™k ðkŒkðhý{kt fðk÷e ™ku s÷‚ku ò{u Au Ëh„kn™k ‚tfw÷{kt
ykf»kof hkuþ™e fhðk{kt ykðu Au ©Øk¤w Vq÷ „w÷kƒ s¤ ‚kfh ©eV¤ y™u
‚ku™k-[ktËe™k Ëk„e™k y…oý fhe™u …kuŒk™e {™kufk{™k ÔÞõŒ fhu Au y™u
Ëh„kn™e …qs™ rðrÄ fhu Au …wÁ»kku ‚{Þu [ktË òuE ò Œkhe ‚t„ún ÚkkÞ Au.
fkíÞkuf™ku {u¤ku (r‚Ø…wh)
r‚Ø…wh ‚hMðŒe ™Ëe™k fq¾{kt ¼hkŒk fkíÞkuf™ku {u¤ku fkŠŒfe …q™{™e hkºk™k
‚{Þu hkuþ™eÚke ͤn¤e QXu Au ÷kuf{kŒk fwtðkrhfk ‚hMðŒe ™Ëe™e fq¾{kt
÷k¾ku™e ‚tÏÞk{kt ©Øk¤wyku Œ…oý rðrÄ fhe ÄLÞŒk y™w¼ðu Au {u¤k{kt W{xŒe
s™{uË™e™u æÞk™u ÷E™u „kuXðkŒkt nwt Œku ƒòh þuhze ƒòh ƒòh Œu{s
{™kuhts™™u ÷„Œe yð™ðe [eòu™e Ëwfk™ku ykf»koý s{kðu Au {u¤k{kt ™k™e-
{kuxe yk [„zku¤ ƒk¤fku™u {™kuhts™ yk…Œk ‚k½™ku Œu{s {kuŒ™k fqðk{kt
{kuxh‚kEf÷ y™u {kYrŒ™k Sð‚xku‚x™k ¾u÷ …ý òuðk {¤u Au rðï «r‚Ø
{kŒ]„Þk rŒÚko r‚æÄ…wh ®ƒËw ‚hkuðh ¾kŒu ¼khŒ¼h™e yuf{kºk ¼„ðk™ fkŠŒfuÞ
Mðk{e ™wt {trËh ykðu÷wt Au su fkhŒf {k‚{kt ‚wË yr„Þkh‚Úke …q™{ ‚wÄe ð»ko{kt
yuf s ðkh ¾w÷Œwt nkuðkÚke fkíÞkuf™ku {u¤ku {kýðk ykðŒk ÷k¾ku ©Øk¤wyku
¼„ðk™ fkŠŒfuÞ™k Ëþo™ fhe ÄLÞŒk y™w¼ðu Au.
fkíÞkuf™k {u¤k{kt Mðs™ku™k {kuûk {kxu …rðºk ‚hMðŒe ™Ëe™k …kuŒk™k …qðoòu™e
ÞkË{kt ©Øk¤wyku îkhk Ëeðzk ŒhŒk {qfðk{kt ykðu Au ‚kÚku ‚kÚku ÄkŠ{f rðrÄ
fhkðe ƒúkñýku™e 84 s s{kzðk™wt y™uY {níð hnu÷wt Au fkhŒf ‚wË Ëþ{ Úke
…q™{ ‚wÄe yk …ht…hk [k÷w hnu Au.
ðhýk™ku {u¤ku (ðrZÞkh …tÚkf)
…kxý rsÕ÷k™wt ðrZÞkh …tÚkf fkrXÞkðkz™e ð]r¥k fnuðkÞ Au ÷½w ykð]r¥k fnuðkÞ
Au ‚{e Œk÷wfk™k hý™e fktÄe yu yð~Þ …tÚkf{kt varana ‚Ëeyku …whkýk ykR
¾kurzÞkh™ku ŒeÚkoÄk{™e {kuxe yku¤¾ Au ðýo™ ¾kŒu «rŒð»ko {nk ‚wË ykX{u
¼kŒe„¤ ÷kuf{u¤ku ÞkuòÞ Au yk {u¤k{kt ðZeÞkh Ík÷kðkz ‚wðkðz y™u
hkÄ™…wh-‚ktŒ÷…wh „k{™k ÷kufku {kuxe ‚tÏÞk{kt W…ÂMÚkŒ hnu Au yk {u¤ku yk{Œku
{nk ƒesÚke þY ÚkE …q™{ ‚wÄe [k÷w hnu Au ‚kŒ{Úke ™ku{™k rËð‚u yk
÷kuf{u¤ku …whƒnkh{kt ò{e Au {u¤k Ëhr{Þk™ ykþhu …kt[Úke ‚kŒ ÷k¾ ¼krðfku
Ëþo™ {kxu ðÄkhu Au {u¤k{kt ðZeÞkh ‚rnŒ yLÞ …tÚkf™k ÷kuf Sð™™e Íkt¾e
ÚkkÞ Au ynet ¼krðfku ykE ©e ¾kuzeÞkh ™k Œ÷ ‚kfh™e ƒ™u÷e ‚ktE ™rn Ähkðu Au
ykX{™k rËð‚ ¼õŒku ÷ktƒe fŒkhku{kt ðYze ™k Ëþo™ {kxu Wí‚wf ƒ™u Au
{u¤k{kt ðkn™ku™e ƒku÷ƒk÷k ðå[u ¼krðfku rðrðÄ ðkn™ku {khVŒu ykððk™wt …‚tË
fhu Au …htŒw ßÞkhu ð»kkuo …nu÷k ƒ¤Ë„kzk{kt ƒu‚e ðhkýk ykððk™wt ÚkŒwt íÞkhu
Äqr¤Þk hMŒk ™e ÷ktƒe {w‚kVhe y™u fzfzŒe Xtze ðå[u ÔÞMŒ ƒ™Œk ¼krðfku
„Þk ðhýu ykÔÞk …ý yu™ku y™w¼qrŒ fhe ÷uŒk yksu Œku ÞkºkkÄk{™e ‚wrðÄkyku
ðÄkhðk™e ‚kÚku ¼õŒku™u ‚„ðzku {¤e hnu Au yux÷u ðýo™ ÷kuf{u¤ku ¼krðfku {kxu
ŒhýuŒh™e ÷½w ykð]r¥k suðk M{hýeÞ ƒ™e hnu Au.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
…Õ÷e™ku {u¤ku Y…k÷
„wshkŒ hkßÞ™k …kx™„h „ktÄe™„hÚke 13 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu ykðu÷k Y…k÷
„k{u Ëh ð»kuo ™ðhkºk Ëhr{Þk™ yk‚ku ‚wË ™ku{™k rËð‚u ðhËkrÞ™e {kŒk™e
…Õ÷e ™ku {u¤ku ÞkuòÞ Au Ëh ð»kuo …Õ÷e{kt Ë‚ ÷k¾ sux÷k ¼krðfku W{xe …zu Au
…Õ÷e Ëhr{Þk™ þwØ ½e™ku yr¼»kuf fhðk™e sq™e …ht…hk Au su{kt ytËksu [kh
÷k¾ rf÷ku ½e™ku yr¼»kuf fhðk{kt ykðu Au Ëwr™Þk¼h{kt «ÏÞkŒ …Õ÷e™k ðÄŒk
sŒk {níð™e ÷E™u ¼krðfku™e ‚tÏÞk Ëh ð»kuo ðÄŒe òÞ Au ðhËkrÞ™e {kŒk™k
{trËh {kxu yuðwt fnuðkÞ Au fu ykãþÂõŒ {kt ™ðËw„ko ™k ™ð MðY… …ife rîŒeÞ
MðY… ƒúñ[krhýe MðY…u MðÞt¼q rƒhks{k™ Au Þw„{kt ¼„ðk™ hk{[tÿ™e
ð™{kt „Þk nŒk íÞkhu þ]t„e Ér»k™kt ykËuþ Úke ðhËkÞ™e {kŒkSyu «‚Òk ÚkE
f{kuË rËÔÞ …ý ykÃÞwt yk ƒ¤™ku W…Þku„ fhe ÷tfk ™k ÞwØ{kt hkðý™ku ðÄ fÞkuo
nŒku îk…hÞw„{kt …ktzðkuyu „wóðk‚{kt Ëhr{Þk™ {kŒkS™k Ëþo™ fhe™u íÞkt
ykðu÷k ðh¾ze ™k Íkz W…h …kuŒk™k þ†ku swËk swËk ð†ku Äkhý fhe ð™ðk‚
…qýo fhe {kŒkS™k ykþeðkoË {u¤ðe {nk¼khŒ™k ÞwØ{kt rðsÞ {u¤ÔÞku nŒku
ƒ™kðe Œu™k W…h …kt[ fwtz ™e MÚkk…™k fhe „k{{kt …Õ÷e Þkºkk fkZe …t[{nk÷
Þ¿k fÞkuo nŒku yksu …ý y™uf ©Øk¤wyku Ëqh ËqhÚke ykðe ½e™ku ¼ku„ Ähkðe
{kŒkS ‚{ûk {k™Œk ƒkÄk …qýo fhu Au y÷e …qýo ÚkÞk ƒkË …ý rËð‚ku ‚wÄe ½e™ku
¼ku„ yk…Œku s hnu Au.
fkr¤Þk Xkfkuh ™ku {u¤ku (zkfkuh)
„wshkŒ{kt {níð™k ŒeÚkoÄk{{kt zkfkuh ™e „ýŒhe ÚkkÞ Au zkfkuh ¾kŒu ði»ýð
‚t«ËkÞ™wt hýAkuzhkÞ™wt {trËh ¼khŒ¼h{kt òýeŒwt Au ¼khŒ¼h{kt y™u ¾k‚
fhe™u „wshkŒ{kt ŒÚkk Œu™k …kzkuþe hkßÞku{kt hýAkuzhkÞ {trËh zkfkuh ™wt ÏÞkrŒ
…k{u÷e Au fkh{kt ¼Õœ ƒkuzkýk S yu …kuŒk™e ¼ÂõŒÚke ¼„ðk™™u «‚Òk fhe
fkŠŒfe …q™{u „kze{kt ƒu‚kze îkhfkÚke zkfkuh ykÔÞk nŒk yuf ËtŒfÚkk {wsƒ
¼õŒ ƒkuzkýkyu yk {qŠŒ™u …kuŒk™k ½h{kt hk¾e nŒe ‚kÚku zkfkuh Œu {qŠŒ ÷uðk
ykðŒk Œu™u „ku{Œe{kt ‚tŒkze ËeÄe nŒe íÞkhƒkË zkì S ™wt {]íÞw ÚkŒk „t„kƒkE ™e
÷ks «¼w Œkuzkðe™u hk¾e íÞkhu ƒkË Œu {qŠŒ „t„kƒkEyu …kuŒk™k ½h{kt …Ähkðe ‚uðk
…qò [k÷w hk¾e™u …Ae ÷û{eS™k {trËh{kt y™u íÞkhƒkË nk÷™k {trËh{kt
hk¾ðk{kt ykðe nŒe zkfkuh hýAkuzhkÞS™ku {trËh™wt ¾kŒ{wnqŒo ‚tðŒ 1824{kt
Vk„ý {k‚{kt þwõ÷ …ûk{kt ÚkÞwt nŒwt y™u ‚tðŒ 1828{kt {nk ‚wË …q™{™k
rËð‚u ¼„ðk™ hý AkuzhkÞ™e {qŠŒ™e …Ähk{ýe fhðk{kt ykðe Au ykþhu 11 {kt
‚ifk{kt hýAkuzhkÞ™e {qŠŒ ºký …kt[ Vqx Ÿ[e 1.5 Vwx …nku¤e fk¤k f‚kuxe
…ÚÚkh{ktÚke ƒ™kððk{kt ykðe ¾uzk rsÕ÷k™k ‚w«r‚Ø y™u …rðºk ÞkºkkÄk{
zkfkuh ¾kŒu Vk„ýe …q™{™k {u¤k™wt y™uÁt {níð Au yk rËð‚u ÷k¾ku™e ‚tÏÞk{kt
©Øk¤wyku …ËÞkºkfku …ËÞkºkk fhe™u ykðu Au y™u …kð™ ÚkkÞ Au «rŒ ð»ko yk
¼krðf ¼õŒku™e ¼ez {kt ðÄkhku ÚkŒku òÞ Au yk ½‚khk™u …nkut[e ð¤ðk Œu{s
…ËÞkºke {k„o …h y™u zkfkuh þnuh{kt Þkºkfku™u fkuE …ý «fkh™e Œf÷eV ™ …zu Œu
{kxu rsÕ÷k f÷ufxh ©e ™k {k„oËþo™ nuX¤ rsÕ÷k ðneðxe Œtºk îkhk ‚½™
ykÞkus™ fhðk{kt ykðu Au Þkºkfku™u fkuE…ý «fkh™e {w~fu÷eyku™ku ‚k{™ku fhðku
™ …zu y™u ‚h¤ŒkÚke hýAkuzhkÞS™k Ëþo™ ÚkkÞ Œu {kxu þwt ‚kÁt ykÞkus™
½ze fkZðk{kt ykÔÞwt Au
30

yk {u¤k Ëhr{Þk™ fkÞËku ÔÞðMÚkk™e …rhÂMÚkrŒ s¤ðkE hnu yu {kxu rsÕ÷k
…ku÷e‚ rð¼k„ îkhk „ýuþ ƒtËkuƒMŒ „kuXððk{kt ykðu Au W…hktŒ {kuƒkR÷ y™u
½kuzu‚ðkh …ku÷e‚ …ý fkÞohŒ hnu Au Þkºkk¤wyku™e ykhkuøÞ ‚w¾kfkhe™e fkuE…ý
Œf÷eV Q¼e ÚkkÞ Œku Œu™u …nkut[e ð¤ðk Þkºkf {k„o …h rsÕ÷k ykhkuøÞ rð¼k„
îkhk «kÚkr{f ‚khðkh {¤e hnu Œu {kxu Q¼k fhðk{kt ykðu Au …eðk™k …k™ þwØ
…kýe «kó ÚkkÞ Œu {kxu …eðk™k …kýe™ fuLÿku …ý Q¼k fhðk{kt ykðu
Au.Þkºkk¤wyku ™k ½‚khk™u …nkut[e ð¤ðk y™u ÞkŒkÞkŒ ™e ÔÞðMÚkk {kxu yu‚xe
rð¼k„ îkhk zkfkuh ¾kŒu r‚ðkÞ {u¤k …qhŒwt y÷kÞËw ƒ‚ MxuLz Q¼ku fhðk{kt
ykðu Au íÞktÚke y{ËkðkË ðzkuËhk „kuÄhk …t[{nk÷ {kxu ðÄkhk™e ƒ‚ku
Ëkuzkððk{kt ykðu Au.
31
ðkiXk ™ku {u¤ku (Äku¤fk)
y{ËkðkË™k Äku¤fk Œk÷wfk™k ðkiXk „k{ ¾kŒu fkhŒf ‚wË …qŠý{k™k rËð‚u
ðkiXk™ku þwt ykÞkursŒ {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au {u¤k™wt MÚk¤ ‚ó ‚t„{ ‚kŒ ™Ëeyku™k
‚t„{ Œhefu yku¤¾kÞ Au ðkMŒð{kt Œku ðkiXk yk„¤ ‚kƒh{Œe y™u ðkºkf yu{
ƒu {wÏÞ ™Ëeyku s {¤u Au yk ƒu ™Ëeyku™ku Œku y„kW ‚kƒh{Œe{kt nkÚk{ktÚke ™Ëe
y™u ðkºkf{kt ¾khe {uïku {kÍ{ y™u þuhze ™Ëeyku {¤u Au yk heŒu ynet ‚kŒ
™Ëeyku™ku ‚t„{ ÚkkÞ Au ¼k÷ y™u ™¤fktXk™k ÷kufku Œu{s Xkfkuh hkýk Ëhƒkh
fkXeÞk …xu÷ y™u hks…qŒ fku{™k ÷kufku íÞkt …k÷ yux÷u fu Akðýe ™k¾e ƒu-ºký
rËð‚ hnu Au y™u ‚ó ™Ëeyku™k …rðºk ‚t„{{kt M™k™ fhu Au y™u ynet …wýu{kt
y™uY {níð Au …qŠý{k™k MÚkk™™wt y™uY {níð Au „wshkŒ™k {æÞ{kt ykðu÷k
yk MÚk¤™wt {níð …whkýku{kt Au {nk¼khŒ™k rðhkx™„h ™wt MÚkk™ yíÞkh™k
Äku¤fk{kt Au ò…k™ 72{kt ð»kuo y¿kkŒðk‚ „k¤ðk hÌkk nŒk ðkiXk{kt ykðu÷k
{nkËuð™k {trËh {kxu ½ýe ƒÄe ÷kufðkÞfkyku Au fnuðkÞ Au fu ¼„ðk™ rþð™k
sÞuc …wºk fkŠŒf Mðk{e su ‚{„ú …]Úðe ™e «Ërûkýk fhŒk hnu Au Œu fkŠŒfe
…qŠý{ky [ku¬‚ yk {u¤k{kt …rðºk M™k™ fhðk ykðu Au {kuZk{kt yksu …ý
Œu{™e [hý …kËwfk …qs™ ÚkkÞ Au ykÚke …q™{™ku rËð‚ ¼khu ¼ez ðk¤ku nkuÞ Au
{u¤k{kt y™uf nkxo {tzkÞ Au ßÞkt ™k™k-{kuxk y™uf ðu…kh ÚkkÞ Au yk {u¤k™wt
{wÏÞ ykf»koý Œku „Äuzk ™wt ƒòh Au ynet ‚khk{kt ‚khk y™u Ÿ[e òŒ™k „Äuzk
ðu[ký {kxu ykðu Au „Äuzk ƒòh W…hktŒ ynet …ht…hk„Œ ðýÍkhk™ku ‚{wËkÞ
…ý WŒhe …zu Au suðku [kh nòh fhŒkt …ý ðÄw „Äuzk ðu[ký {kxu ykðu Au
‚kÚkku‚kÚk {u¤k{kt Ÿx ™ku …ý ðu…kh ÚkkÞ Au ynet „Äuzkyku™u ÷k÷ …e¤k „w÷kƒe
y™ fu‚he ht„ ¼¤u y™u …eX …h ht„ ÷„kððk{kt ykðu Au su ht„e™ …þwyku™k
{u¤k™e «ŒerŒ fhkðu Au.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
¼Y[™k {u¤kyku
™{oËk ™e „kuË{kt ð‚u÷k ¼Y[ þnuh y™u rsÕ÷k™k …kÞk{kt ¼ÔÞ ¼qŒfk¤
RrŒnk‚ ¼tzkhku Au ƒúñ Ér»k™e Œ…ku¼qr{ ¼qŒ ŒeÚko yks™wt ¼Y[ ƒr÷hkò™k
‚{Þfk¤ sux÷wt «k[e™ y™u ¼„ðk™ ðk{™u yðŒkhe ÷k{k™e ÞkË ŒkS fhkðu
Au huz ‚tMf]rŒ™k ‚{Þ{kt ¼]„wfåA ƒtËh Œhefu òýeŒwt nŒwt. Œkhe¾ 2 ykuõxkuƒh
1997™k hkus Œífk÷e™ „wshkŒ ‚hfkhu hkßÞ™k ™ðk rsÕ÷kyku™e h[™k
fhŒkt ¼Y[ rsÕ÷k™wt hks…e…¤k ™{oËk rsÕ÷k Œhefu yÂMŒíð{kt ykÔÞku su{kt
hks…e…¤k ‚k„ƒkhk y™u zuzeÞk…kzk Œk÷wfk™ku ‚{kðuþ fhkÞku Au ßÞkhu ¼Y[
rsÕ÷k{kt ¼Y[ yk{kuË ðk„hk stƒw‚h ytf÷uïh nkt‚kux ͽrzÞk y™u ðkr÷Þk
Œk÷wfkyku™ku ‚{kðuþ fhkÞku Au fux÷kf ÄkŠ{f Œnuðkhku Ëhr{Þk™ ¼Y[{kt yuf
s rËð‚u Xuh-Xuh {u¤kyku ¼hkÞ Au. ™{oËk Œx™k MÚk¤ku{kt {u¤k òuðk {¤u Au
ykrËðk‚eyku{kt {u¤k rðþu»k {níð Ähkðu Au ynet™k fux÷kf {u¤kyku{kt ykrËðk‚e
«ò s ¼k„ ÷u Au ykrËðk‚e yƒk÷ ð]Ø ‚nw yuf ‚h¾k ™Úke {u¤k™e {ò ÷u Au
ykrËðk‚e yƒk÷ ð]Ø ‚nw yuf ‚h¾k yk™tËÚke {u¤k™e {ò ÷u Au ‚{„ú ¼Y[
rsÕ÷k{kt 92 sux÷kt ™k™k {kuxk {u¤k ¼hkÞ Au su{kt «ÏÞkŒ {u¤kyku ynet
WÕ÷u¾ fhkÞku Au ¼Y[ Úke 10 rf÷ku{exh Ëqh ykðu÷k ‚w«r‚æÄ ÞkºkkMÚk¤
þwf÷ŒeÚko „k{u fkŠŒfe …q™{™ku {kuxku {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au ftE yku{fkhuïh y™u
þwf÷uïh {nkËuð ™k {trËh ¼ÂõŒ¼kðÚke …qò fhu Au ¼kz¼qŒ y™u fXku¤{kt
¼kðuïh {nkËuð fkuxuïh {nkËuð™k {trËh Au yk MÚk¤kuyu yrÄf ¼kËhðk y™u
yrÄf ðiþk¾ {k‚{kt {kuxk {u¤k ¼hkÞ Au ¼Y[{kt yuðk …ý fux÷kf {u¤kyku Au fu
18 ð»kuo yufðkh ÞkuòÞ Au su{fu ¼kz¼qŒ™ku {u¤ku fkuxuïh {nkËuð fhkuz ™ku {u¤ku
™tË ™ku {u¤ku ð„uhu ¼Y[ þnuh™k ™{oËk rf™khu ƒk¤ ¼qŒuïh {trËh ykðu÷wt Au 18
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
ð»kuo ÞkuòÞ Au 18{e ‚Ëe{kt ƒtÄkÞu÷kt ¼qŒuïh {nkËuð «ktŒ ynet …t[{w¾e {nkËuð
ytƒkS hk{S ‚íÞ™khkÞý Ë¥kkºkuÞ ‚qÞoËu𠃤eÞkËuð ¼ihðe {kŒk hýAkuzS
ŒÚkk ™e÷ftX {nkËuð ð„uhu™k {trËhku ŒÚkk yuf {ÂMsË …ý ykðu÷e Au ¼Y[ Úke
14 rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu þwf÷ŒeÚko™e ™Sf ykðu÷wt fkuxuïh {nkËuð™wt «k[e™
{trËh ™{oËk Þkºkk™k Þkºkfku {kxu y™u ¾qƒ {níð Ähkðu Au kadod „k{u ™{oËk
Œxu ykðu÷k yk {trËhu Ëh 18 ð»kuo ÞkuòŒe ™{oËk Þkºkk ‚{Þu {kuxku {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au
Œu{s íÞkt ykðu÷k ™tËkËuðe™k {trËhu …ý Ëh 18 ð»kuo ™kt ™ku {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au ¼Á[
Úke 25 rf.{e.™k ytŒhu ykðu÷k ykrËðk‚eyku™e ðMŒe ðk¤k hŒ™…wh „k{ Úke ƒu
rf÷ku{exh™k ytŒhu ƒkðk„kuh ™ku zwt„h ykðu÷ku Au ™e Ëh„kn y™u zwt„h W…h
ËqrÄÞwt Œ¤kð Au Ëh ð»kuo ¼kËhðk {k‚™k AuÕ÷k „wÁðkhu ŒÚkk hsƒ {k‚ ™e 9
y™u 10 Œkhe¾u ynet {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au ¼kuE ¿kkrŒ™k RüËuð ½ku½khkð ™wt {trËh
¼Y[ „ku¤k ðk¤e {kt ykðu÷wt Au ¼kuEðkzk {kt ykðu÷wt Au ð»kuo ©kðý ðË ™ku{™k
rËð‚u {u½hkò ™e Aze Íw÷kððk™ku Wí‚ð WsðkÞ Au.yk {u½{u¤ku yuf y™ku¾ku
Wí‚ð Au ‚{„ú ¼khŒ{kt fËk[ fâktÞ {u½hkò™k ykðk Wí‚ð™e «ýkr÷fk ™Úke
þYykŒ fh™kh ÞkËð ðtþ ™e ¼kuE ™k{ ™e …uxk ¿kkrŒ Au ynet ™u y™w÷ûke™u
[kh rËð‚™ku {kuxku {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au.
fðktx ™ku {u¤ku
W¥kh „wshkŒ™k „hkr‚Þk ykrËðk‚eyku™e su{ …qðo „wshkŒ™k hkXðk
ykrËðk‚eyku™k ‚t„eŒ ™]íÞ ht„e™ …kuþkf y™u ykf»kof ½huýk™ku y™nË þku¾
nkuÞ Au ðzkuËhk Úke ykþhu þku¾ rf÷ku{exh ytŒhu ykðu÷k hkXðk ykrËðk‚eyku™k
{q¤ ðŒ™ AkuxkWËu…wh{kt yux÷u fu …t[{nk÷ ™k Auzu {æÞ«Ëuþ™e ‚hnËu ykðu÷k
fw{kh „k{{kt nku¤e …Ae™k yk …kt[{k rËð‚u {u¤ku ¼hkÞ Au.
32
 ðLÞ ðkh‚ku
The Art and Artist
Situation is getting better for the Outer world, I always have to wait for 2-3 hours or more
people are now moving out for their work places and than that to capture the creative moments. Many a
some are still working from home. Although, during times it happened that I could not get a perfect click
this difficult time our team is working their best to even after spending my whole day for one shot.
create for our subscribers. This time we virtually While I am clicking photographs of squirrel, I always
reached to vadodara to a home of a photographer keep one thing in my mind that squirrel should not be
artist, who capture beautiful conceptual squirrel harmed in any way.
One of the most important things for squirrel
photography. Parvez S Kadiwala the Artist behinds
photography is that we have to follow the ethics of
this Art, shared his story on his own words... wildlife photography.
My name is Pervez Salimbhai Kadiwala.I When you are feeding a squirrel for
am a Metallurgy Engineer. I have been doing photography purpose, you must have knowledge
photography for the last 5 years and creative about the food that whether it is safe for squirrel or
photography on squirrel for last 4 years. not.
Photography on squirrel is my favorite subject In the past four years, I took more than 40
because creative photography with squirrels is the creative and unique photographs of squirrels. One
most difficult task as they are so quick in escaping. thing I have learned during this photography is that if
My journey of squirrel photography started when I you try to be friendly with squirrel and you don't have
went for a random photography in one of the gardens any intension to hurt it, squirrel can be your friend too.
in my city. Apart from creative photography of squirrel, I am also
When I was clicking some photos of flowers in engaged in the work of rescuing injured squirrels.
the garden I just put my bag
down. There was some
food inside my bag and the
zip was open. Suddenly a
squirrel came there,
entered my bag and
started eating the food.
It was so beautiful
to watch that squirrel
eating and then I captured
that moment. Since then I
got the idea to do creative
photography of squirrels.
For the past four
years, I have clicked so
many photographs of
squirrels but my most
Favorite photograph is the
one in which squirrel is
posing like waving the
Indian flag.
It took me almost
two days and more than
1400 attempt to capture
that perfect moment.
Creative photography of
squirrel is a game of
patience.
There is only a
fraction of time to capture a
creative photograph of
squirrel as it is very quick
and fast.

33 Vuƒúwykhe 2021
Vuƒúwykhe 2021 34
 After giving proper medical treatment and
feeding the squirrel, I release them in their natural
habitat. So far, I have rescued 27 squirrels.
Indian palm squirrels can live up to 2 to 4
years in the wild and 5.5 years in captivity.
Most squirrels open their eyes after around 2-
3 weeks.
Following precautions are required for injured
squirrel:
Ÿ Place the squirrel in an open box on something
warm like in a hot water bottle wrapped in a towel.
Ÿ Keep the baby in your closed palm till it feels
warm. Feeding a cold baby leads to death. When
the baby is warm, give slightly diluted milk, with a
pinch of glucose and a drop of curd.
Ÿ Baby squirrels need Pedialyte and puppy milk to
grow. You can feed a baby squirrel with a bottle
and it will bond to you as its “mother.” You have to
keep baby squirrel warm and massage their
genitals to make them pee.
Ÿ If the teeth of squirrel are broken, feed a multi -
vitamin drops.
Ÿ Babies who have not yet opened their eyes must
be fed every 2-3 hours, even at night.
35
Ÿ The baby squirrel's digestive power is very
sensitive. Feeding a baby squirrel the wrong food
can cause them diarrhea and dehydration or can
make them paralyzed. Never feed them cow's milk
or other milk with fats.
Ÿ Do not place the squirrel under AC air, as it may
lead a squirrel to death.
About Indian palm squirrel
Indian palm squirrel is also known as three
striped palm squirrel.
Scientific name of Indian palm squirrel is
Funambulus Palmarum.
The palm squirrel is about the size of a large
chipmunk with a bushy tail slightly shorter than its
body. The back is a grizzled, grey-brown colored with
three conspicuous white stripes which run from head
to tail. The two outer stripes run from the forelegs to
the hind legs only. It has a creamy-white belly and a
tail covered with interspersed, long, black and white
hair. The ears are small and triangular. Juvenile
squirrels have significantly lighter coloration, which
gets progressively darker as they age.
Squirrels are considered sacred by the
Hindus and are not to be harmed. They are even fed
by many Hindu families, mainly because of their
association with Lord Rama.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
PHOTO OF THE ISSUE
Vkuxku„úkV - hkò ò™e

Vuƒúwykhe 2021 36
PHOTO OF THE ISSUE
Vkuxku„úkV - [uŒ™ „kuMðk{e

37 Vuƒúwykhe 2021

“{k™ðŒk” - A Rise of Humanity
¼ÚÚkwt, yk …nkzku Œkhk Au, òu Œwt yu™u ‚kt¼¤e þfu Œku.."
yk þçËku Au s‚Ëý™k «u{k¤ hksðe y™u òýeŒk
…ÞkoðhýrðË ÷ðfw{kh ¾k[h™k...!!!
÷ðfw{kh ¾k[h su™u ÷kzÚke ¼ÚÚkwt fnu Au y™u rn{k÷Þ™k
WŒt„ rþ¾hku su™u {¤ðk ƒku÷kðu Au yuðk ¼hŒ¼kE fk{r÷Þk™
{¤ðk™wt ÚkÞwt.
{q¤ rËð y™u ¾khðk ‚{ks{kt Úke ykðŒk ¼hŒ¼kE
…nu÷e ™shu ‚kð ‚k{kLÞ ÷k„u , …ý ÓËÞ ¾ku÷u yux÷u
fwƒuh™ku ¾ò™ku …ý yu™e …k‚u xqtfku …zu...!!!
y{u Vku™ fhe™u {¤ðk™e EåAk ÔÞõŒ fhe yux÷u
yu{ýu …kuŒk™wt location {kuffâwt , y™u ™¬e fhu÷k xkE{u
y{™u Receive fhðk Ëhðksu W¼k'Œk.
ðkŒku™ku r‚÷r‚÷ku þÁ ÚkÞku , rËð ¾kŒu ™k™…ý{kt
òuÞu÷k yuf ÷kurnÞk¤ s„zkyu yu™kt fw{¤k {k™‚ {kt ƒË÷k™k ¼Þtfh ƒes
hku…e ËeÄk , yu ƒË÷k™e ¼kð™k™u fkhýu ‚ŒŒ „wM‚k{kt hnu y™u ‚Ë™‚eƒu yu
„wM‚ku yu™u swzku fhkxu y™u {k‚o÷ ykxo™e Œk÷e{ ÷uðk{kt ðk…Þkuo , {™{kt
˃kðe™u hk¾u÷e ÷k„ýeykuyu ¼hŒ¼kE™u {k‚o÷ ykxo y™u fhkxu {kt ¢{‚ ç÷w
ƒuÕx y™u ç÷uf ƒuÕx ‚wÄe™wt „úuzuþ™ ykÃÞwt y™u ™k{™k ðÄðk ÷k„e ...
«r‚rØ ‚kÚku ykËh y™u «u{ …ý {¤ðk ÷køÞk yux÷u …u÷e ƒË÷k™e
¼kð™k yku„¤e™u «u{™wt {eXwt Íhýwt ƒ™e ðnuðk ÷k„e ,
Ëþ {kt Äkuhý{kt ™k…k‚ ÚkðkÚke {kuxh r{fur™f÷ fÞwO …ý fwËhŒu
¼hŒ¼kR {kxu yuf y÷kÞËe …kXþk¤k ¾ku÷e hk¾e nŒe , yu™u [ku…zeyku ™net …ý
¾ku…zeyku Wfu÷ðk™wt fkÞo fhðk™wt nŒwt y™u yux÷u s 1986 {kt þk‚ý „eh ¾kŒu
Œuyku™e {w÷kfkŒ ÷ðfw{kh ¾k[h ‚kÚku ÚkE y™u yu{™e ‚kÚku …ðoŒkhkuný™k fuB…
þY fÞko , „wshkŒ™k ®n„ku¤„Z Úke ÷E ÷un ÷Ëk¾ , {™k÷e , rn{k÷Þ{kt ¾qƒ
y½hk „ýkŒk …ktzwhku…k y™u fkt„he suðk …nkzku …h fuB… fykÔÞk …nu÷e ð¾Œ
{kºk (250) Yr…Þk yZe‚ku™e ®f{Œ™k ‚kËk ‚qÍ …nuhe 17800 rVx …ðoŒkhkuný
fÞwO nŒwt yu ‚qÍ nsw ‚kt[ÔÞk Au,
(yíÞkhu yuf÷k¾ ™e ®f{Œ™k ‚qÍ ¾heËe þfu yu{ Au)
…Ae {UÚkkuffkt„úe 20000 rVx y™u fw÷w…k{kuhe 21500 rVx ™wt ‚V¤Œk …qðof
…ðoŒk hkuný fÞwO
‚{Þu ‚kut…u÷e sðkƒËkhe {kt yuýu fâkhuÞ …kAe …k™e ™Úke fhe …Ae yu
zwt„h [zðk™ku nkuÞ fu ËrhÞku ¾uzðk™ku nkuÞ , yu sL{òŒ ËrhÞk¾uzw nkuðk™k
fkhýu Œhðwt Œku yu™k ÷kune{kt s nkuÞ...!!!
‚ŒŒ ËrhÞk y™u …nkzku™k ‚ktr™æÞ hnuŒk ¼hŒ¼kE™wt ‚{„ú Sð™
«f]rŒ{Þe ƒ™e „Þwt , fwËhŒ™ku ¾ku¤ku [kuϾku hk¾ðku yus yu™ku Sð™ æÞuÞ ƒ™e
„Þku .
fwËhŒ™k …rh‚hku „tËk ÚkŒk òuE ¼]„w ÷uf 141 𾌠…kh fh™kh
¼hŒ¼kE™ku ykí{k ff¤e WXu , 2014 {kt ÷ðfw{kh ¾k[hu [kuxe÷k zwt„h™e
‚VkE fhðk yuf Ä{oËkuz™wt ykÞkus™ fÞwO nŒwt.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021 38
yŒwÕÞ ÔÞÂõŒíð
- yswo™ zkt„h
Œu{kt yLÞ fkuE ™ òuzkŒk ¼hŒ¼kE yuf÷k ©eV¤ [qtËze ÷E s‚Ëý Úke
[kuxe÷k ‚wÄe Ëkuzâk y™u [kuxe÷k zwt„h™e ‚VkE fhe , Œu{™e yk fk{„ehe™e ™kutÄ
Ëuþ¼h™k ‚{k[kh {kæÞ{kuyu ÷eÄe y™u ¼hŒ¼kE™e «r‚rØ™u [kh [ktË ÷k„e
„Þk...…Ae Œku ½ýe søÞkyu fwËhŒ™u MðåA fhðk™k fk{ ‚w…uhu …kh …kzâk.
n{uþk …zfkhku WXkððk xuðkÞu÷k ¼hŒ¼kRyu , Mfe…h , {kWLxuÞh , MVwƒk
zÙkRðh , MfkÞ zÙkRðh Œhefu y™uf feŠŒ{k™ku MÚkkr…Œ fÞko Au , yu{™e …k‚u
hnu÷e ƒË{Ëkh {kuxe VkE÷ku{kt ™fhk «{ký …ºkku y™u ‚ŠxrVfux Úke ¼he …ze Au ,
yu{kt Úke y{qf™e ðkŒ fheyu Œku 1991{k ƒkðe‚ ÷kufku™u M™ku{ktÚke huMfâw fhe™u
ƒ[kÔÞk Au , zqƒŒk y™uf™u {™w»Þ ƒ[kÔÞk Œku «kýe , …ûkeyku™e {ËËu [ze™u
…ý {k™ðŒk Ëk¾ðe Au , Œuyku™k {Œ {wsƒ ƒzo ^÷w fu yLÞ ƒe{khe™e ykþtfk
{ký‚ku «kýe …ûke™u {khe ™kt¾u Au ½kŒfe f]íÞ Au , {ký‚u yuðwt ™ fhðwt òuEyu ,
yu{™k fkuE yu‚ku‚eyuþ™ ™Úke yux÷u yu{™ku Sððk™ku nf Ae™ðe ÷uðk™ku...!!!
…kuŒu {k‚o÷ ykxo y™u fhkxu {kt „úuzuþ™ {u¤ðe ÷eÄk …Ae Œuykuyu
hksfkux{kt nuÕÚk f÷ƒ ™k{u S{ þY fÞwO , ‚kÚku ‚kÚku Mfq÷™k rðãkÚkeoyku™u
Œk÷e{ …ý yk…ð™k fkÞo{kt «ð]Œ ÚkÞk , …xu÷ ƒku‹z„ y™u ‚kihküÙ nkEMfq÷ {kt
Œuykuyu ÷ktƒk ‚{Þ ‚wÄe ‚uðk yk…e , y™u S{ {kt ykE.yu.yu‚. y™u
ykE.…e.yu‚.Ëhò™k Wå[ yrÄfkheyku Úke {ktze ™u fux÷kÞ ÷kufku þheh ‚kicð
ò¤ððk™e „{uŒu™k {kxu Any Time Available hnuŒk ¼hŒ¼kE ƒnw {kuxk
{kuxk {ký‚ku ‚kÚku hne [qfâk Au , Œu{kt yux™eo s™h÷ þku÷e ‚kunhƒS ,
rðãkþtfh ½ku»k , yuz{eh÷ hk{Ëk‚ , ÷ðfw{kh ¾k[h ,suðk ½ýk ™k{ku „ýkðe
þfkÞ.
‚ŒŒ «ð]rŒ{Þe hnuŒk ¼hŒ¼kR y™uf ‚tMÚkkyku ‚kÚku fkÞohŒ Au ,
su{kt rËð swzku fhkxu yu‚ku‚eyuþ™ , MðŠý{ „wshkŒ fr{xe , yktËk{k™
r™fkuƒkh ™uþ™÷ …kfo{kt «kusufx hsq fÞkuo , „wshkŒ „kihð ðkEÕz ÷kEV
VkWLzuþ™ ‚kÚku fkÞo fhe yuðkuzo {u¤ÔÞku , õ÷e™ rn{k÷Þ ytŒ„oŒ ‚VkE Íqtƒuþ
fhe , ™uþ™÷ {he™ …kfo ({uL„úw) ‚kÚku îkrhfk ™Sf ™k™k ƒÄk xk…wyku …h
sE yÇÞk‚ fhe rh…kuxo ŒiÞkh fÞkuo AuÕ÷u 2018 {kt {uLÚkkufkt„úe {kWLxu™ þh fÞwO
y™u nk÷ nðu õ÷e™ yÚko W…h fk{ fhe hÌkk Au....
…]Úðe™u [kuϾe hk¾ðk {ÚkŒku yk {ký‚ y{™u rË÷™ku [kuϾku [ýkf
÷køÞku...¼hŒ¼kE {ký‚ {¤ðk suðk ¾hk...{¤òu fâkhuf..

yuf ‚{Þu „wshkŒ{kt...
yksÚke ÷k¾ku ð»ko …nu÷k ßÞkhu {k™ðe™ku sL{ ™nkuŒku ÚkÞku íÞkhu,
yk…ýk „wshkŒ{kt {nkfkÞ zkÞ™ku‚kuh rðnhŒk nŒk su ƒkƒŒ ‚{„ú rðï{kt
„wshkŒ™k RrŒnk‚™u rðþu»k {níð y…kðu Au. yk…ýk ¾uzk rsÕ÷k™k
ƒk÷kr‚™kuh …k‚u™k hiÞku÷e „k{{kt zkÞ™ku‚kuh™k #zk {¤e ykÔÞk Au. 1981{kt
‚ki«Úk{ðkh hiÞku÷e{kt rsÞku÷kursf÷ ‚ðuo ykuV RÂLzÞk yu zkÞ™ku‚kuh™k
Sðk~{ku™u þkuÄe fkZâk nŒk. ¼khŒ{kt zkÞ™ku‚kuh™e nÞkŒe™e ‚krƒŒe ÄhkðŒe yk
‚kiÚke {kuxe ‚kEx Au y™u rðï{kt ºkeS {kuxe ‚kEx Au. Œu{s rðï¼h™k
…u÷eykuLxku÷kuSMx {kxu ‚tþkuÄ™ fuLÿ ƒLÞwt Au. hiÞku÷e „k{{kt zwt„h™k …ÚÚkhku
hk¾kuze y™u hkŒkþ ht„™k {kuxk …ÚÚkh W…h #zk ykfkh™e ðMŒw ÚkeS „E nkuÞ
Œuðwt òuE þfkÞ Au yux÷wt s ™net …ÚÚkh {kt nkzfk ™k xwfzk òuE þfkÞ Au. ynet
70 yufh™k rðMŒkh{kt yk yðþu»kku òuðk {¤u Au. ynetÚke yuf nòhÚke ðÄw
‚tÏÞk{kt zkÞ™k‚kuh™k #zk {¤e ykÔÞk Au.
yuf ‚{Þu „wshkŒ{kt ‚kƒh{Œe, {ne, ykuh‚t„, fhsý, ™{oËk,
¼kËh, {kÍw{, rnhý Œu{s fåA™e ¾khe y™u ¼q¾e ™Ëe™e ¼u¾zku{kt ykrË
{k™ð ð‚ðkx fhŒku nŒku. yk ƒÄe ™Ëe™e ¼u¾zku{ktÚke …k»kký Þw„™k yðþu»kku
«kó ÚkÞk Au. AuÕ÷k zkt„{kt ÚkÞu÷k ‚tþkuÄ™ku …hÚke ‚krƒŒ ÚkkÞ Au fu „wshkŒ™k
ƒÄk ¼k„ku{kt ykrË{k™ðu ¼ú{ý fÞwO nŒwt. zkt„ rsÕ÷k™k …ktzðk „k{ Úke Úkkuzkf
ytŒhu «k[e™ „wVkyku {¤e ykðe Au, su ƒu ÷k¾ ð»ko fhŒkt …ý «k[e™ nkuðk™wt
{™kÞ Au. Œífk÷e™ …whkŒíð rð¼k„™k r™Þk{f ©e su yu{ ™kýkðxe y™u zkt„
rsÕ÷k{kt yirŒnkr‚f ‚tþkuÄ™ ™k yÇÞk‚e ©e ze.ƒe r[Œzu yk „wVkyku «fkþ{kt
÷kððk™wt ¼„ehÚk fkÞo fhu÷ Au. „wVk™e ytËh y™u ƒnkhÚke nkÚk fwnkze, f÷eðh,
Mfu…h suðk rðrðÄ …ÚÚkhku™k ykuòhku {¤e ykðu Au. yk „wVk{kt ykrË {k™ð
ð‚ðkx fhŒku nŒku yu ƒkƒŒ yk…ýk hkßÞ™k {k™ð RrŒnk‚™u ƒu ÷k¾ ð»ko
…kA¤ ÷E òÞ Au.
yuf ‚{Þu „wshkŒ{kt rðï™e «k[e™ ‚tMf]rŒyku{kt MÚkk™ ÄhkðŒe
®‚Äw ‚ÇÞŒk™k y™uf MÚk¤ku rðfk‚ …kBÞk nŒk y™u Œu™k Úkfe ‚{„ú Ëwr™Þk
‚kÚku ðu…kh [k÷Œku nŒku. hkßÞ™k ht„…wh, ÷kuÚk÷, Äku¤kðehk, ‚whfkuxzk, Ëuþ÷…wh
ð„uhu fuLÿ …kt[ nòh ð»ko …nu÷k hkßÞ™e ‚ktMf]rŒf rðhk‚Œ™u Wsð¤ fhŒkt
yÂMŒíð ÄhkðŒk nŒk.
yuf ‚{Þu „wshkŒ{kt 'nMŒð«' ™k{u ‚{]Ø ƒtËh nŒwt Œu rnLË
{nk‚k„h™k Ëuþku W…hktŒ Rrsó, „úe‚ y™u hku{ ‚kÚku ðu…kh fhŒwt Œu Au yk…ýk
¼kð™„h …k‚u ykðu÷wt nk÷™wt nkÚkƒ. nkÚkƒ yu ËrhÞk rf™khk™wt ™k™fzwt „k{ Au.
™uþ™÷ yku‚™ku„úkVe™k ©e yu‚.yu‚ „kuh™k ‚tþkuÄ™ Ëhr{Þk™ ynetÚke
…ÚÚkh™k fkuŒhýeðk¤k ÷t½hku, [¤fŒk {kxe™k ðk‚ýku, ÷k÷ yku… [zkðu÷
hku{™ fkuXeyku W…hktŒ R.‚. …nu÷e ‚Ëe™e ðkð {¤e ykðu Au. su hkßÞ™e yLÞ
ðkðku fhŒkt ‚kiÚke «k[e™ nkuðk™wt {k™ðk{kt ykðu Au. …whkŒíð rð¼k„ ðzkuËhk
ŒhVÚke R‚ðe‚™ 2002{kt ÚkÞu÷k ¾kuËfk{ Ëhr{Þk™ ûkºk… fk÷™e ƒúkñe
r÷r…{kt ÷¾u÷ 160 sux÷e {wÿkyku {¤e ykðe Au. Aêe ‚Ëe Ëhr{Þk™ ð÷¼e
hkßÞ™wt {wÏÞ {Úkf yuðwt nkÚkƒ ½ýwt s «k[e™ y™u yirŒnkr‚f {níð Ähkðu Au.
yuf ‚{Þu „wshkŒ™k ½ýk ðu…kheyku Ëwr™Þk ‚kÚku ðu…kh fhŒk Œu{kt
yuf nŒku fåA™ku fk™S {k÷{. fk™S {k÷{ r™Þr{Œ ykr£fk™e ‚Vh ¾uzŒk
y™u fk…z, „¤e Œu{s ‚ku™k y™u nkÚke ËktŒ™ku ðu…kh fhŒk nŒk y™u yk s
ðu…kheyu E‚ðe‚™ 1498{kt …kuxwo„eÍ ðnkýðxe ðkMfku-Ë-„k{k ™u fkr÷fx
ƒtËh ‚wÄe Ëkuhðýe yk…e nŒe.
39
yŒwÕÞ ðkh‚ku rðþu»k
yuf ‚{Þu ¼Y[ ƒtËhu hku{™ ‚k{úkßÞ{ktÚke rðrðÄ «fkh™ku ËkY
W…hktŒ Exk÷e, „úe‚ y™u Rrsó{ktÚke ÞwðŒeyku™e ykÞkŒ ÚkŒe. R.‚.57 ™e
yk‚…k‚ ÷¾kÞu÷ „útÚk '…urhÃ÷‚' yu ™kutæÞwt Au, fu ¼Y[{kt yhurƒÞ™ fhŒk
Rxkr÷Þ™ ËkY™e {kt„ ðÄkhu nŒe y™u Þð™fLÞkyku hkò-{nkhkòyku y™u
W{hkðku™e ‚uðk{kt Œnu™kŒ hnuŒk.
yuf ‚{Þu Ërûký ykr£fkÚke MðËuþ …hŒ Vhu÷k {nkí{k „ktÄe fkÞ{
{kxu MÚk¤ ™¬e fhe hÌkk nŒk su {kxu Œuykuyu ¼khŒ¼h{kt ¼ú{ý fÞwO. ½ýk
MÚkk™kuyuÚke Œuyku™u yk{tºký ykÃÞk, …ý ytŒu „ktÄeSyu y{ËkðkË …h …‚tË„e
WŒkhe. su {kxu™k fkhýku Œu{ýu ‚íÞ™k «Þku„ku{kt ykÃÞk Au.
1. Ëuþ™e ‚kiÚke ©uc ‚uðk nwt {kŒ]¼k»kk „wshkŒe™k {kæÞ{Úke s fhe þfkÞ.
2. y{ËkðkË nuLz÷w{ ™wt «k[e™ fuLÿ nkuðkÚke ynet Œuyku nkÚk ðýkx™k Wãku„™u
…w™SorðŒ fhe þfu Œu{ nŒwt.
3. þnuh™k Är™fku ŒhVÚke ™kýkfeÞ {ËË ðÄkhu {¤e þfu yu{ Œuyku
{k™Œk nŒk. yk…ýu ‚ki „ktÄeS™k yk¼khe Aeyu fu Œuykuyu „wshkŒ™u yk
‚ki¼køÞ ykÃÞwt.
ð»ko nŒwt R.‚. 1932 „wshkŒe [÷r[ºk RrŒnk‚™wt yuf ‚wðýo …k™wt.
yk ð»kuo ™k™w¼kE ðfe÷ rËøËŠþŒ rVÕ{ '™h®‚n {nuŒk' [÷r[ºk™wt r™{koý ÚkÞwt
su „wshkŒe rVÕ{ s„Œ™e «Úk{ ƒku÷Œe rVÕ{ nŒe. {kºk yuf ð»ko y„kW s
¼khŒeÞ rVÕ{ s„Œ™e «Úk{ ƒku÷Œe rVÕ{ yk ™tƒh ™wt r™{koý 'yk÷{ ykhk'
™wt r™{koý ÚkÞwt nŒwt. rVÕ{ ™h®‚n {nuŒk{kt {kÁrŒ hkð, {kun™ ÷k÷k, W{kfktŒ
Ëu‚kE, {™nh, ƒ[w, ºkf{Ëk‚, s{™kËuðe y™u {nuŒkƒ {wÏÞ f÷kfkhku nŒk.
139 r{r™x™e yk rVÕ{{kt RrŒnk‚™u ¾k‚ «kÄkLÞ yk…ðk{kt ykÔÞwt Au. Yr…Þk
17 nòh™k ¾[uo ŒiÞkh ÚkÞu÷ yk rVÕ{™k ‚ux ™u ðkMŒðËþeo ƒ™kððk™wt fkÞo
f÷k„wÁ hrðþtfh hkð¤u fÞwO nŒwt. yk [÷r[ºk™e ‚V¤Œk™u y™w÷ûke™u yu s
þi÷e{kt '‚Œe ‚krðºke' rVÕ{ ŒiÞkh ÚkE nŒe.
yktƒ¤k :
yktƒ¤k ™kt Íkz ¼khŒ™k ƒÄk «ktŒku{kt òuðk {¤u Au. ytƒk¤k
st„÷{kt …ý yk…{u¤u ÚkkÞ Au. ytƒk¤k™wt Íkz ‚qfk …k™¾h st„÷{kt ÚkkÞ Au.
Œu™k …ktËzk yk{÷e suðk nkuÞ Au . Œu™k …kh rËðk¤e yux÷u fkhŒf {rn™u V¤
÷k„e òÞ Au y™u Œu V¤ yk…ý™u …ku»k-{nk {rn™k ‚wÄe ƒòh{kt ðu[kŒk {¤u
Au. n{ýkt þheh™u {sƒqŒ fh™kh, ½z…ý™u Ëqh fh™kh ŒÚkk r…¥kþk{f Au
yktƒ¤k ™u Äkºke yux÷u ËÞký, su{ ËÞký ƒk¤f™u {k™e „hs ‚khe MŒ™…k™
fhkðe …ku»ku Au. Œu{ yk{¤wt ©uc …ku»kf Au. yk…ýu yksfk÷ yktƒ¤k™e ƒ™kðx,
åÞð™«kþ ½ýku ðk…heyu Aeyu . su™kÚke þheh™wt ‚«{ký …ku»ký ÚkR ½z…ý
Ëqh ÚkkÞ Au. yktƒ¤k™ku {whçƒku ŒÚkk yÚkkýwt …ý ð…hkÞ Au. yktƒ¤k ™k fxfk fhe
{eXwt {u¤ðe ‚qfðýe fhe ¾kðkÚke MðkrËü ÷k„u Au.{kÚkk™ku ¾kuzku. {u÷ ŒÚkk þheh
…h™k {u÷™u ‚kV fhðk {kxuyktƒ¤k, rþfkfkE ,yheXk, f…qh fk[÷e yk ƒÄk™ku
…kðzh fhe …kýe{kt …÷k¤e Œu …kýeÚke {kÚkwt ŒÚkk þheh ÄkuðkÚke {u÷ f…kE þheh
‚wtðk¤wt ÚkkÞ Au. Œu{s ðk¤ fk¤k ÚkkÞ Au. ºkV¤k{kt yktƒ¤k ð…hkÞ Au. yktƒ¤k
™wt þhƒŒ ½ýwt Yr[fh ŒÚkk „h{e Ëqh fh™kh Au yktƒ¤k™u ‚tMf]Œ{kt y{]Œk fnu
Au. ‚t˼o : ð™ rð¼k„
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{nu{ËkðkË – „wshkŒ™e «k[e™ hksÄk™e
ðkºkf ™Ëe™u fktXu ykðu÷wt ¾uzk SÕ÷k™wt yk þnuh E.‚. 15{e ‚Ëe™wt
Au y™u ‚w÷Œk™ {kunB{Ë ƒu„zk ‚kÚku ‚tf¤kÞu÷wt ™„h Au. E.‚. 1547Úke
1554 ËhBÞk™ yk ™„h „wshkŒ™e hksÄk™e hnu÷wt Au su Œu™e {n¥kk ‚krƒŒ
fhu Au.
hkuò hkuS, ‚kuò÷e
{kr÷fe – …whkŒíð rð¼k„, fuLÿ ‚hfkh
‚ki«Úk{ {nu{ËkðkË …nu÷k ‚kuò÷e „k{u {wƒkhf þneË™e hkuò-hkuS
™k{™e Ëh„kn ykðu÷e Au. yk MÚkk…íÞ™e ƒktÄýe y™u y{ËkðkË ¾kŒu ykðu÷e
Ëh„knku™e ƒktÄýe yuf ‚{k™ Au. ¼khŒ ‚hfkh™kt …whkŒíð rð¼k„u yk M{khf™u
hrûkŒ ònuh fhu÷ Au. ðkºkf ™Ëe™k fe™khu ykðu÷ yk Ëh„kn y‚÷{kt ½ýe
{kuxe ‚kEx ‚krƒŒ ÚkE þf Œu{ Au. ynet yk‚…k‚™e ½ýe rËðk÷ y™u
yðþu»kku/¼ð™ku ËxkE „Þu÷k òuðk {¤u Au. ‚{„ú M{khf™e VhŒu Œífkr÷™
‚{Þu fkux nkuðk™e ‚t¼kð™k Au ð¤e, hkuò hkuS™e {q¤ søÞk ‚kÚku íÞktÚke Úkkuzkf
ytŒhu ƒeS fux÷ef Ëh„knku, {fƒhkyku y™u yLÞ ™k™k {kuxk¼ð™ku nkuðk™e
þfâŒkyku ËxkÞu÷k yðþu»kku …hÚke òýðk {¤u Au. …ÚÚkhku …h ™fþefk{ y™u
ò¤eyku™e fkuŒhýe yƼwŒ Au. yk Ëh„kn ƒktÄðk {kxu ½ýe {kuxe ‚tÏÞk{kt
r…Õ÷hku™ku W…Þku„ fhðk{kt ykÔÞku Au.
þfâŒkyku – yk MÚk¤™e yk‚…k‚ òu Wí¾™™ fhðk{kt ykðu Œku
‚kuò÷e ¾kŒu ykðu÷e hkuò hkuS™e yk ‚kEx ½ýe rðþk¤ ‚kEx Œhefu ƒnkh
ykðe þfu Œu{ Au y™u nuhexus «ðk‚™ ûkuºku yuf ™rð™ Œf Q¼e ÚkE þfu Œu{ Au.
Vuƒúwykhe 2021
nurhxus xwrhÍ{
‚tf÷™ : xe{ yŒwÕÞ ðkh‚ku
¼B{heÞku fqðku
{kr÷fe – …whkŒíð rð¼k„, fuLÿ ‚hfkh
fnuðkÞ Au fu ‚w÷Œk™ {kunB{Ë ƒu„zkyu yk fqðku „h{eÚke ƒ[ðk {kxu
ƒktæÞku nŒku. „wshkŒyu …kuŒk™k s¤ MÚkk…íÞku {kxu rðï™k ‚tþkuÄfku{kt ¾qƒ s
òýeŒw Au y™u Œu{kt …ý yk…ýk ðkð y™u fqðkyu Œku yƼwŒ ‚ht[™kyku Au.
…kxý™e hký fe ðkð, yzk÷s™e ðkð, sq™k„Z™ku ™ð½ý fqðku, {nu{ËkðkË™ku
¼B{heÞku fqðku rð„uhu «k[e™ MÚkk…íÞ þi÷e™kt yƼwŒ ™{q™kyku Au.
{nu{ËkðkË™ku ¼B{heÞku fqðku yuf yuðe s yòÞƒe Au. W…hÚke ‚…kx ÷k„Œk yk
fqðk{kt ™k™k ™k™k …„rÚkÞk {khVŒ ™e[u WŒhe þfkÞ Au. ƒnkhÚke ‚k{kLÞ
÷k„Œku yk fqðku suðk s yuf {k¤ ™e[u WŒhþku íÞkt Œu™e ¼ÔÞŒk òuðk {¤þu.
rð©k{ fhe þfkÞ Œuðe ‚kEÍ™e ykuhzeyku, rþÕ… MÚkk…íÞ™k rðþk¤ ™{q™kyku,
™k™k {kuxk ÍÁ¾kyku yk fqðk™u s{e™ ™e[u™k {nu÷™ku Ëhßòu yk…ðk {kxu «uhu
Au. fuLÿ ‚hfkh™k …whkŒíð rð¼k„u hrûkŒ M{khf Œhefu yk MÚk¤™u ònuh fhu÷
Au.
þfâŒkyku – ¼B{heÞk fqðk suðe yrŒ {níð™e ‚kEx™wt ÞkuøÞ {kfuoxet„ ™Úke ÚkÞwt
Œu yrŒ sYhe Au su {kxu ‚hfkh W…hktŒ MÚkkr™f y™u ‚¢eÞ Œ{k{ ÔÞÂõŒykuyu
yk„¤ ykððw …zu Œu{ Au. ð¤e, ykðe y„íÞ™e ‚kEx …h fkuE s «fkh™wt
{krnŒe ËþkoðŒw ‚kE™ ƒkuzo ™Úke su yrŒ sYhe Au. {wÏÞ {k„kuoÚke ¼B{heÞk
fqðk™u òuzkŒk Œ{k{ {k„kuo …h ‚kE™ ƒkuzo y™u fqðk …h s¤ MÚkk…íÞ™e ‚{s
yk…Œwt, „wshkŒ™k nuhexus fqðk™e {krnŒe yk…Œw y™u ytŒu ¼B{heÞk fqðk™e
h[™k y™u Œu™k ErŒnk‚™e ‚{s yk…Œwt ‚kE™ ƒkuzo yrŒ sYhe Au. MÚkkr™f
÷kufku™u yk ƒkƒŒu Wò„h fhðk yrŒ sYhe Au.
40
«k[e™ ðkð
{kr÷fe – …whkŒíð rð¼k„, „wshkŒ ‚hfkh
{nu{ËkðkË þnuh™e {æÞ{kt {wÏÞ ƒòh™e ™Sf{kt ¾qƒ s ‚wtËh
rþÕ… MÚkk…íÞ ÄhkðŒe yk ðkð ykðu÷e Au. „wshkŒ™k …whkŒíð rð¼k„u hrûkŒ
ònuh fhu÷e yk ðkð E.‚. 15-16{e ‚Ëe yk‚…k‚™e Au. ðkð MÚkk…íÞ™u
‚{sðk {kxu yk yrŒ W¥k{ søÞk Au.
þfâŒkyku – ¼B{heÞk fqðk™e su{ s yk yrŒ {níð™e ‚kEx™wt ÞkuøÞ {kfuoxet„
™Úke Œu{s ‚VkE™e yrŒ ykð~ÞõŒk Au. MÚkkr™f ðneðxeŒtºk™u yk {kxu
‚ktf¤eyu y™u Œu™e ‚kÚku MÚkkr™f y„úýeyku™e ‚r{Œe ŒiÞkh fhe fkÞ{e
MðåAŒk s¤ðkÞ Œuðe ÔÞðMÚkk „kuXðe þfkÞ. sYhe ‚krníÞ A…k{ýe fhkððe
…ý yux÷e s sYheÞkŒ Au.
yLÞ M{khfku
{kr÷fe – yhrûkŒ M{khfku (™„h…kr÷fk y™u ¾k™„e {kr÷fe)
W…hkuõŒ WÕ÷u¾ fhu÷ {wÏÞ M{khfku W…hktŒ ƒeò y™uf M{khfku yk þnuh{kt
ykðu÷k Au su yk þnuh™e {n¥kk ðÄkhu Au y™u y{ËkðkË suðk {kuxk þnuh™e
™Sf nuhexus™k rþûký {kxu yrŒ {níð™wt fuLÿ Œhefu rðf‚e þfu Œu{ Au.
«k[e™ þnuh™e VhŒu [kh Ëhðkòyku nŒk Œu{kt f[uhe Ëhðkò Œhefu yku¤¾kŒk
„ux{kt sq™ku yr¼÷u¾ òuðk {¤u Au su þnuh™kt ErŒnk‚™u Wò„h fhu Au.
‚ÕŒ™Œ fkr÷™ ‚wtËh fkuŒhýe yksu …ý þnuh™e MÚkk…íÞfeÞ þku¼k ðÄkhu Au.
[ktËk-‚whs …u÷u‚, ËqÄeÞkðkð, …ku¤ku™kt f÷kí{f {fk™ku ð„uhu òuðk÷kÞf Au òu
fu {kuxk ¼k„™kt ¼ø™ yðMÚkk{kt Au …ý «ðk‚™ ÿüeyu rðfk‚ fhe þfkÞ Œu{
Au.
41
{nu{ËkðkË{kt ðkh‚k™e ò¤ðýe y™u «ðk‚™ MŒhu rðfk‚
fk{„ehe {kxu MÚkkr™f ‚tMÚkk yÚkðk Œku MÚkkr™f ÷kufku™e yuf ‚r{Œe ƒ™kðe Œu™k
Úkfe ‚¢eÞ fk{„ehe fhðk™e sYheÞkŒ Au. MÚkkr™f ÷kufku™e yuf ‚r{Œe ƒ™kðe
þfkÞ Œu{kt MÚkkr™f y„úýeyku W…hktŒ ©uceyku,™„h…kr÷fk™k ‚ÇÞ, …ºkfkh,
rþûký rð¼k„™kt ‚ÇÞ™u ‚kÚku òuze þfkÞ. su M{khfku …whkŒíð rð¼k„™kt Œkƒk
nuX¤ Au Œu{kt Œu rð¼k„ ‚kÚku ‚tf÷™ fhe «kÚkr{f sYheÞkŒ™e fk{„ehe nkÚk
Ähe þfkÞ su{ fu ƒuXf ÔÞðMÚkk, fkÞ{e ‚VkE™e ÔÞðMÚkk, ‚kE™ ƒkuzo ð„uhu.
«kÚkr{f Œƒ¬u MÚkkr™f ÷kufku™e yk„uðk™e nuX¤ fkÞoðkne «kht¼ Úkþu Œku ÷ktƒk
‚{Þ ‚wÄe Œu™e y‚h Úkþu y™u Œu™k Úkfe ÚkÞu÷e «ð]rŒyku™e y‚h sYhÚke
òuðk {¤þu.
{nu{ËkðkË þnuh{kt nuhexus «ðk‚™ rðfk‚™e þfâŒkyku –
Ÿ ‚{„ú þnuh{kt nuhexus MÚk¤ku™u ËþkoðŒk ‚kE™ ƒkuzo yrŒ sYhe Au.
Ÿ yk yirŒnkr‚f þnuh™wt ƒúkuþ‚o zeÍkE™ fhe þfkÞ y™u yt„úuS-„wshkŒe
ƒt™u ¼k»kk{kt nkuÞ y™u «ðk‚™ fUÿku, rðrðÄ þk¤k-fku÷uòu, xÙkðu÷
‚t[k÷fku,‚kurþÞ÷ r{zeÞk ð„uhu{kt rðŒhý fhe yk þnuh™kt «ðk‚™™u ðu„
yk…e þfkÞ.
Ÿ þnuh{kt nuhexus ðkuf zuð÷ku… fhe þfkÞ.
Ÿ y{ËkðkË su ð÷oTz nuhexus þnuh Äkur»kŒ ÚkÞwt Au íÞkt ykðŒk …Þoxfku™u yk
þnuh {kxu …ý ykf»keo þfkÞ.
Ÿ MÚkkr™f þk¤k-fku÷us™kt rðÄkÚkeoyku™u ¾k‚ fhe™u y{ËkðkË-¾uzk-
{nu‚kýk-‚whUÿ™„h-„ktÄe™„h ð„uhu y{ËkðkË ™Sf™kt SÕ÷k™k
þk¤k-fku÷us™kt ƒk¤fku™u nuhexus rþûký yk…ðk {kxu yk þnuh™ku W…Þku„
fhe þfkÞ.
Ÿ ‚{ÞktŒhu ykðk þnuhku{kt …ý rðrðÄ EðuLx fhðe òuEyu suÚke {uxÙku ‚exe™kt
÷kufku yk þnuh™e {w÷kfkŒ ÷uŒk ÚkkÞ.
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