“Instruye al niño en su camino, y aun cuando fuere viejo no se apartará de él.” –Prov.

22:6

Topics for the 2nd Written Test

I Trimester, School Year 2024

Subject: The Scientific Method Level: 7-8-9th grade Teacher: Mr. Robles

Objectives Contents References

 Define hypothesis, independent Hypothesis Whiteboard notes, teacher’s explana-
variable, dependent variable, ob- Independent Variable tion, worksheets, quiz, study guide (be-
servation, control group, and con- Dependent Variable low).
Observation
trol factors.
Control Group
 Identify the different parts of an Control Factors/Constants
experiment.

 Analyze a given case scenario us- 1. The Scientific Method: Whiteboard notes, teacher’s explana-
ing the steps of the Scientific  Step 1: Make an Observation tion, worksheets, quiz, study guide (be-
Method involved in conducting a  Step 2: Ask a Question low).
scientific investigation.  Step 3: Form a Hypothesis
 Step 4: Test the Hypothesis (De-
sign an Experiment)
 Step 5: Analyze Data and Draw
Conclusions.
 Step 6: Communicate Results
2. Applying the Scientific Method to a
Case Scenario
3. Experiment Design and Data Analysis
4. Drawing Conclusions and Going Fur-
ther.

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 “Instruye al niño en su camino, y aun cuando fuere viejo no se apartará de él.” –Prov. 22:6

Elaborate a hypothetic case scenario of  Apply the scientific method to a Whiteboard notes, teacher’s explana-
your own to solve a problem using all 7 case scenario. tion, worksheets, quiz, study guide (be-
steps of the scientific method.  Develop a testable hypothesis low).
based on observations.
 Design an experiment to test the
hypothesis.
 Analyze data and draw conclu-
sions about the hypothesis.
Construct graphs. Interpret data in graphs  Line Graphs. Whiteboard notes, teacher’s explana-
involving the Scientific Method.  Graphing elements: title, axes, tion, worksheets, quiz, study guide (be-
data points, legend. low).
 Graphing purpose: Interpret data
to draw a conclusion: present, ana-
lyze and communicate data.

Notes for the students:

Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It is an educated guess about what you
expect to happen in your experiment. A good hypothesis is specific, measurable, achievable and written out using and “If, then”
statement.
Independent Variable
The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter. It is the cause in a cause-and-effect
relationship.
Dependent Variable
The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed in response to the changes made to the independent variable. It
is the effect in a cause-and-effect relationship.

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 “Instruye al niño en su camino, y aun cuando fuere viejo no se apartará de él.” –Prov. 22:6

Observation
An observation is a description of what is seen or measured during an experiment. Observations are used to test the hypothesis.
Control Group
The control group is the group that is not exposed to the independent variable. It is used as a basis for comparison with the experi-
mental group. The control group helps to ensure that any changes observed in the experimental group are due to the independent
variable and not to other factors.
Control Factors/Constants
Control factors are variables that are kept constant throughout an experiment. This helps to ensure that the only variable that affects
the dependent variable is the independent variable.
1. The Scientific Method:
The scientific method is a systematic process for investigating the world around us. It involves a series of steps to gather evidence
and answer questions.
 Step 1: Make an Observation: Pay close attention to what's happening in the scenario. What patterns or problems do you
see?
 Step 2: Ask a Question: Formulate a clear question about the observation. This question should be answerable through
investigation.
 Step 3: Form a Hypothesis: Develop a testable prediction about what causes the observation. A good hypothesis is spe-
cific, measurable, and falsifiable (meaning it can be proven wrong).
 Step 4: Test the Hypothesis (Design an Experiment): Plan an experiment or research method to gather evidence about
your hypothesis. This might involve manipulating variables (independent and dependent) and controlling other factors.
 Step 5: Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions: Record and analyze the data from your experiment or research. See if the
data supports or contradicts your hypothesis.
 Step 6: Communicate Results: Share your findings with others. This allows for peer review and helps build scientific
knowledge.
2. Applying the Scientific Method to a Case Scenario:
The guide will then walk you through a specific case scenario. You will practice identifying the observation, formulating a question,
and developing a testable hypothesis.

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 “Instruye al niño en su camino, y aun cuando fuere viejo no se apartará de él.” –Prov. 22:6

3. Experiment Design and Data Analysis:

We'll explore considerations for designing an experiment to test your hypothesis. This might involve identifying independent and
dependent variables, and determining control factors.
4. Drawing Conclusions and Going Further:
Finally, you will learn how to analyze data and draw conclusions about the hypothesis based on the evidence. We'll also discuss
how scientific knowledge is iterative, and how your findings might lead to further questions and investigations.
Graphs:
 Line Graphs. These graphs use lines to connect data points. They are good for showing trends and changes over time or
along a continuous variable (e.g., plant growth over weeks).
Parts of a graph:
 Title: Clearly describes the graph's content.
 Axes: Labeled with units to show what data is being plotted (e.g., X-axis: Time (days), Y-axis: Plant Height (cm)).
 Data Points: Plotted accurately according to the scale on the axes.
 Legend (Optional): Explains what each line or bar represents in a graph with multiple datasets.
Graphing purpose:
 Data Presentation: Graphs are a clear way to present the data you collect during your experiment.
 Analysis: By analyzing trends in the graph, you can support or refute your hypothesis.
 Communication: Graphs can be used to share your findings with others in a clear and concise way.