The Frontal Lobe

.
Rostraltocentralsukus Posterior tofrontallobesantriortooccipitallobejsuperiortotmporallobe

Postcentralgyruslbrodmann 's Area 31,2 )

.IM#cortexis:postriorkaudaltoprecentra1sukus
Primarysomatosensorycortexallmodalitiesofbodilyexperiencedlsomatidsensationareperceived
-

Dorsaltolateralfissure

targestlobeclbof hemisphere) Functionally and disproportionately represented andperceivedona

-

- .

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Motor Functions :
Howdowe recognize sensations

Parietal sensory Association areas

Precentralgyruscbaldprimarymotorcortx
-

Additional Functions
ofhumanbodyccanedhumuncuous)
'
:

-
contains functional representation
Cross
sensory modality integration
- .

Premotorcortexcbrodmannsareab )

Recognition andexpressionofemotionandprosody
-

Immediately rostraltoprecentralsukus
-

Spatial Orientation
.

Cognitive Functions :

Prefrontal Cortex ( Brodmannsareasqqlqllish )

-

Memory

Antriortothepremotorcortex osupramarginalandangularcyri
.

Cognitive AND Motor Functions :3 Horizontal Gyri

Superior Frontal Gyms

-

.tk#jgyriformpr;maryauditorycortex(Brodmann's4l&42;auditOrypercePti0n).Broca'sArea
THETEMPORALLOBE
Middlefrontalgyrus
-

interior .am#ourus

Indominant hemisphere constitutes Brodmann 's Areas 44$45

Ventraltofrontalandparietallobeginferiortolateralfissurelsylvianfissure)
-

.
Located immediately anteriortoprimarymotorareascontrollingjawiipitongueandwcalcordmorement
perceived
Auditory Association Cortex
Motor Function :
plans and organizes speech movement
-

Auditory Information is recognized

Cognitive Function :
processing structure of language ( phonology syntax )
-

Firstlsuperiortemporaloyrus :

Contains Wernick 'sarea( Brodmann 's22)

.in#froMvisualfields.AssociaHonVisua1cortex(Brodmann'sAreasl8.19).GrayMatter:neur0nalceHb0dies
-

Iauditoryverbal
"

Comprehension

THE OCCIPITAL LOBE

THEPARIETALLOBE
nominamtemispnere

Posteriorlcaudaltoparietallobe
Anterior boundary isimaginarylinefromparietooccipitalsukustopreoccipitalnotch

Gray Matters White

Primaryvisualcortexcbrodmannsareah)
.
Matter
-

Receives

Elaboration , recognition and appreciation

,
ofvisual information
.

Whitematterbundlesofaxonsinmyelinsheath
-

Aaountforallinterhemisphericandintrahemispheric communication

3Types
-

COMMISSURALFIBERS
BASAIGANGIIA course horizontally
Interconnect Correspondingstructuresacrosshemisphereslimernemispheric
connections )

FUNCTION: regulate Examples :

anteriorcommissurqposteriorcommissurqcorpuscanosum
motorfunctionsandmusdetone
-

'

largest Commissural fiberslmillionsoffibers )

.

Nuaearmasseslocatedsubcortically
.
5 Nuclear Masses Interconnects mostcorticalareasofbothhemispneres

Association Fibers
Caudate Nucleus
-

Putamen
-

Mostnumerousoftheostypesofwhitematterfibers
-

Intrahemispheric Connections
-

Globuspallidus

canbeshortoriong
-

Claustrum

.e g.) arcuatefasciculus
Amygdaloidnuaeus
-

PNJCCHONFDEB
Associated
"
basaigangliastructuressubstantianigrarednudeugsubthalamicnuaeus
"
.

areasrelatedinfunctionbutnot true

Carryinformationbetweencorlexandbrainstemlspinaicord
.

D coronaradiataconvergetointernalcapsule
e. g.
-

t.fm ftp.NA/OD .

Largqorganizedbundleoffibers

Tnmajorstructureslfornow ) Converging and diverging

Carrysensoryandmotor information
-

Thalamus :

Lies above hypothalamus

.

Madeofmanysmallnuclei

Chieffunctionirelaysensorimotorinformationtoandfromcortex
.

Hypothalamus
-

controls autonomic endocrine functions → Watrintake ,

hormone production ,
food consumption ,
emotional expression , reproductive drive