Origen y composición PM, efectos

Trends in Molecular Medicine

Volume 28, Issue 9, September 2022, Pages 770-780

Review

Particulate matter and Alzheimer’s disease: an

intimate connection
Devin R. O’Piela 1 2, George R. Durisek III 1 2, Yael-Natalie H. Escobar 1 2, Amy R. Mackos 1 2, Loren E. Wold 1 2 3

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The environmental role in disease progression has been appreciated for decades; however, understanding
how airborne toxicant exposure can affect organs beyond the lungs is an underappreciated area of scientific
inquiry. Particulate matter (PM) includes various gases, liquids, and particles in suspension and is produced
by industrial activities such as fossil fuel combustion and natural events including wildfires and volcanic
eruptions. Although agencies have attempted to reduce acceptable airborne particulate levels, with
urbanization and population growth, these policies have been only moderately effective in mitigating
disease progression. A growing area of research is focused on the role of PM exposure in the progression of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review will summarize the knowns and unknowns of this expanding field.

Section snippets

Can particulate matter exposure exacerbate AD development?

PM consists of a heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air (Box 1) [1]. Current
research has established compelling relationships between PM exposure and the development of ischemic
heart disease, myocardial infarction, and lung diseases, including aggravated asthma [1,2]. These connections
are alarming due to the significant number of individuals routinely exposed to dangerous PM levels
worldwide. Importantly, recent studies have also established connections…

PM effects on the brain

Environmental exposures, including PM, are thought to contribute to AD development and progression.
Hallmarks of AD amplified by PM, such as Aβ deposition, NFT accumulation, and cognitive impairments, may
manifest well before AD clinical diagnosis [14,15]. In addition to these disease characteristics, many other
alterations that potentiate AD (i.e., microglial activation, systemic/neuroinflammation, oxidative stress,
immune activation, and behavioral changes) have been found in PM-exposed…

Concluding remarks

Understanding how the environment can affect health and disease progression is important to inform policy
as well as design novel mitigation strategies to combat the increase in PM-associated illness. It is apparent
that exposure to consistently high levels of PM can have significant effects on AD progression; however,
additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms whereby PM exposure affects the brain and
associated organs. Additionally, the majority of studies on PM-induced AD…

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by salary support for Dr Yael-Natalie H. Escobar (T32HL149637) and grants from
the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL139348, R01 AG057046) and the American Heart Association
(20YVNR35490079) to L.E.W. All figures were created using BioRender.com .…

Declaration of interests

The authors have no interests to declare.…

Glossary

Aβ40
40-residue peptide derived from the cleavage of the protein amyloid precursor protein; it is a major
component of Aβ plaques.

Aβ42
42-residue peptide derived from the cleavage of the protein amyloid precursor protein; it is a major
component of Aβ plaques.

Amyloid beta plaques (Aβ)

insoluble extracellular aggregations produced from the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP)
by β- and γ-secretases.

Amyloid positron emission tomography (amyloid PET) scan

a functional imaging technique that

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Neurotoxic effects of air pollution: an urgent public health concern

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