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Adiposetissue Mahahammady 200306103322
Adiposetissue Mahahammady 200306103322
peptide YY Leptin
ghrelin appetite
meal circulating insulin
suppressant(P satiety factor
initiator YY)
2- Brown Adipose Tissue:
sites:
• present in large amounts in humans during fetal life, therefore abundant
in newborns, is markedly reduced in adults.
• located in regions around the kidney, adrenal glands, large vessels
(e.g., aorta), and regions of the neck (deep cervical and
supraclavicular), back ( interscapular and paravertebral), and thorax
(mediastinum).
2- Brown Adipose Tissue:
Fucnction:
Brown adipose tissue, a key thermogenic tissue, is present in large amounts
in the newborn, which helps to offset the extensive heat loss that results
from the newborn’s high surface-to mass ratio and to avoid lethal
hypothermia (a major risk of death for premature babies)
heat is generated by brown adipocytes when they are stimulated by the
sympathetic nervous system
2- Brown Adipose Tissue:
Histological features
• it contains numerous small fat droplets.
• smaller than those of white adipose tissue. The
cytoplasm of
• The nucleus of a mature brown adipocyte is typically
in an eccentric position within the cell, but it is not
flattened
• the cytoplasm of the brown adipocyte consists
largely of empty vacuoles because the lipid that
ordinarily occupies the vacuolated spaces is lost during
preparation (Fig. 9.6).
• The brown adipocyte contains numerous large
spherical mitochondria with numerous cristae, a small
Golgi apparatus, and only small amounts of rER and
sER. The mitochondria contain large amounts of
cytochrome oxidase, which imparts the brown color to
the cells.
• The tissue has a rich supply of capillaries that
enhance its color.
2- Brown Adipose Tissue:
Differentiation of white Adipocytes:
Brown adipocytes are also derived from mesenchymal
stem cells (skeletal myogenic progenitor cells) under
the influence of a different pair of transcription factors.
When the protein known as PR domain containing 16
(PRDM16) is activated, myogenic progenitor cells
synthesize several members of the PPARϓ coactivator-
1 (PGC1) family of transcription factors, activating
brown adipocyte differentiation and suppressing skeletal
muscle development. Therefore, PRDM16/PGC-1 is
regarded as a “masterswitch” regulator in brown
adipocytes’ differentiation.