Sneinainknmnmnmnee eam mom CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER I CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 CONTENTS STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS OF VARIOUS DUTY-HOLDERS ON CONSTRUCTION SITES INTRODUCTION TO MACHINERY AND PLANT SAFETY MACHINERY SAFETY/GUARDING METHODS, GAS WELDING AND FLAME CUTTING SITE SAFETY PLAN SAFETY OF POWER TOOLS AND HAND TOOLS: SAFETY OF CRANE, HEAVY EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRCTION PLANT SAFETY IN DELIVERY, TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SUBSTRUCTURE AND TUNNELING SAFETY WORK AT HEIGHT SAFETY SAFETY IN DEMOLITION AND RENOVATION WORKS STORAGE AND HOUSEKEEPING HEALTH HAZARDS IN CONSTRUCTION SITES MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF SUBCONTRACTORS ON CONSTRUCTION SITESCLyege x79] ck COURSE ASSESSMENT 50% Continuous Assessment 50% Examination Students are encouraged to attend each lecture. In order to got a pass in this course, ‘hey have to get a pass in both continuous assessment and examination, and together with an attendance of not less than 70%, Students who failed in the continuous assessment and/or having less than 70% attendance are NOT eligible to sit for the examination, CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT (50%) Assignment ~ Individual Report Date of submission: 8" session Your company is awarded public works contract for carrying out’loy cutting and ,~ Protection works which requires the use of different types of loadshiltirig machinery in/¥* site operations. The site agent asks for your advice on the safety precautions 2 ba [3 a 7 implemented as he finds that the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Coadshifting) cs 6 Machinery) Regulation only states the requirements on operation of loadshifting, ‘machinery by trained operators, [ose 39 Write a report to your Site Agent on the different sets of regulation and codes to be followed. State the problems and obstacles that you may have encountered under the Current situation on site, and the safety measures that shall be executed so that strict control and monitoring measures for the safe operation of those listed machinery in the slope works. Each student has to write a report. Details in the report should include but not limited to the following: yesne 146°by? res iz io ‘\ Hever ee | © Introduction of the regulations, codes and Standards that are related to the subject \ matter. (10%) : Objectives of putting the regulations, codes and standards for the attention of the Site Reentit pe et ee No SE) pre cont 1 and monitoring measures for safe operations of those Certifinte «agers CR SP I4SA ‘foms and obstacles that may have encountered under the current situation on site (20%) ¥ Conclusion (10%) 2 Recommendations (15%) t Overall presentation (10%) ‘The assignment should be typed in 12-font size and double line spacing from 1500 to 3000 words. However, it should be kept in a clear and concise form so as to avoid yoo | pate redundancy. Forms vind certificates, photographs, etc. attached to the report should be ‘within reasonable volume, Only a few marks may be awarded if appropriately presented. EXAMINATION Time: 7:30 pm — 9:30 pm Venue: To be advised ; ‘There are three parts for the examination. Part A (30%)~ 15 multiple choice questions, each question carries 2 marks. Part B (30%) — Short questions, choose THREE out of four questions. i Part C (40%) Long questions, choose TWO out of three questions rae, toda, Gatpion «© Pp. oan / le | ar tor her en tate — ong ys [Aer Rpe oe fea prardete apet, - week weecies | Ge ay agit DEBT Ts BE opector % ams | | | a a a J 1 . i | t| {i i‘ — { ft : ye CHAPTER 1 a STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS OF 5" VARIOUS DUTY-HOLDERS ON CONSTRUCTION SITES J & 10 INTRODUCTION ‘The safety performance in engineering, con has been considered crucial in recent years. Not ‘kplaces, but it also has impacts on safety daily operations on site and at wor performance of contractors and subcontractors and improving and raising the safety Ewareness of workers in more desirable ways. struction and management of contractor only because it relates to safety in ‘The application of relevant legislative requirements, theories and concepts of engineering, construction and contractor safety have shown positive results in the coetion of work related injuries, improvement in job satisfaction and enhancement I I I i i x 5 is ‘This course gives an account on various concepts of occupation in engineering, construction and management of contractor. Student van gain a better understanding of these concepts, applying them fo impicl™ safety i performance by taking preventive and corrective control measures on identified | ‘on construction site and other related workplace, so comfortable working environment for all employees hazards in daily work situations as to enable a safe, healthy and and workers. id SAFETY AND HEALTH LEGISLATION AND TECHNICAL REFERENCES ‘APPLICABLE ON CONSTRUCTION SITES (@) __ Safety Legislations applicable to “Workplaces” where persons sre employed at work [Note 1} } "Secupational Safety and Health Ordinance (OSHO), Cap.509 and its | ue subsidiary legislations Rc apy “ © Cecupational Safety and Health Regulation (OSHR) t | ees art II-- Accident prevention (safety of plant and; | workplace) x ie re \ — Part II -Fire prevention ght ‘} 5 oft 7 Part IV— Workplace environment ke Part V— Hygiene at workplaces uw = Part VI- First aid at workplaces f = Part Vil — Manual handling operations Pa : ef pase Bw. Scop on Com eee saben ye” Gee am ’ wtpoe?) 10 - Yo . © Occupational Safety and Health (Display Screen Equipment) Regulation FN f 4 (oy Safety Legislations applicable to All “Industrial Undertakings” (and as involving those activities carried out in construction sites) [Note 2] tae TN +. Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (FIUO), Cap.59 and its eo subsidiary legislations. t © F&IU Regulations (FIUR) : F&IU (Abrasive Wheels) Regulations F&IU Asbestos) Regulation F&IU (Blasting by Abrasives) Special Regulations F&IU (Carcinogenic Substances) Regulations F&IU (Cartridge-Operated Fixing Tools) Regulations F&IU (Confined Spaces) Regulation F&IU (Electricity) Regulations F&IU (Flectrolytic Chromium Process) Regulations** (apply to electrolytic chromium process performed in any [U) FaIU (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations F&IU (Noise at Work) Regulations F&IU (Protection of Eyes) Regulations FA&IU (Spraying of Flammable Liquids) Regulations F&IU (Dangerous Substances) Regulations F&IU (Suspended Working Platforms) Regulation F&IU (Woodworking Machinery) Regulations F&IU (Goods Lift) Regulations F&IU (Loadshifting Machinery) Regulation ¢ F&IU (Gas Welding and Flame Cutting) Regulation Section bi CGenuk duty) Satin LBA om (Ahh) re man datory her Surely fo . . (© Safety Legislations only applicable to designated “Industrial Undertakings” including “construction sites” [Note 4] * F&IU Regulations (FIUR) — Part ILA - Medical examination of workers to work underground (mines, quarries and IUs engaged in tunneling work) © F&IU (Safety Management) Regulation © F&IU (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations (@) Safety Legislations only applicable to “Construction Sites” {Note 4] 4 # Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations (CSSR) © F&IU (Work in Compressed Air) Regulations (©) Safety Legislations only applicable to “Notifiable Workplaces” (including “factories”) [Note 5] * F&IU Regulations (FIUR) ‘ - PartIV Prevention of accidents, Cleanliness - Ventilation np inA eensient siete enieiie + Repair, maintenance and safety F&IU (Guarding and Operation of Machinery) Regulations F&IU (First Aid in Notifiable Workplace) Regulations F&IU (Fire Precautions in Notifiable Workplace) Regulations F&IU (Dry Batteries) Regulations (f) Safety Legislations only applicable to “Medical Practitioners” related to occupational diseases ‘© P&IU (Notification of Occupational Diseases) Regulations FAN. & YIM (2008) has summarized the construction plants, equipment and activities that shall be covered by the safety legislations under OSHO & FIUO. TeakvEacpmeav hee Ormaon Plant ‘conatien 1 Asbestos, 2 Sint iag ee whe = Sane in "Estenon Cartridge — med «Lifting coon ing en gi 1 ie + asicne ne wane Wout » Seetvaning nent recy 7S rod + Sager «Contes Sac rab haus ners . He feat Creringad Sana ch omen envcoamat ieee Ge al Safety ae ocala aca Requirements © Lighting * © Health & © Hygiene & welfare Pea Pte ee Sopmen x Figure 2.2: Delineate Work Activities (2 Legislations generally applicable to construction sites and construction work ~ Buildings Ordinance (BO), Cap.123 and its subsidiary legislations © Buildings (Administration) Regulations ‘©. Buildings (Construction) Regulations: Gayo et. 3 4M LE Hox Merbioes, Sanepsektmes ps = eS SSBB BSB SB SB 2 patudeds ques ke aie 7 4 ue Lighting Drainage of floors ‘Overcrowding Sanitary conveniences Supply of drinking waters ap Me© Buildings (Demolition Works) Regulations +> Buildings Ordinance (BO), Cap.123 and its subsidiary legislations Electricity (Registration) Regulations Electricity (Wiring) Regulations Plugs and Adaptors (Safety) Regulation Electricity Supply Lines (Protection) Regulation f ] {w/ Codes of Practice and Guidance issued by Labour Department Code of Practice for Protection of Hearing in Industrial Undertakings Code of Practice for Bamboo Scaffolding Safety Code of Practice for Metal Scaffolding Safety Code of Practice for Safety at Work (Lift and Escalator) Code of Practice ~ Safety and Health at Work for Industrial Diving Code of Practice for Safe Use of Mobile Crane and Tower Crane Code of Practice — Safety and Health at Work with Asbestos Code of Practice ~Safety and Health at Work for Gas Welding and Flame Cutting Code of Practice Safety and Health at Work in Confined Spaces Code of Practice Safety and Health at Work with Asbestos Code of Practice on Safety Use of Excavators Code of Practice for Safe Use and Operation of Suspended Working Platforms ‘A Guide to the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Section 6A & 6B) — Know Your General Duties ‘A Guide to the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations ‘A Guide to Construction Safety Management Guidance Notes on Classification and Use of Safety Belts and their Anchorage Systems Guidance Notes on the Selection, Use and Maintenance of Safety Helmets > Guidance Notes on Safe Use of Earth Moving Plant + Guide to Occupational Diseases Prescribed for Compensation Purposes, Labour Department + The Protection of workers’ health series on “Asbestos” Code of Practice and Guidance issued by Buildings Department (BD) > Code of Practice for Building Works for Lifts and Escalators 2011 Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings 2004 + Code of Practice for Site Supervision 2009 +> Code of Practice for Foundations + + ‘ SoSH SH os Boe + + + + § < + ‘Technical Memorandum for Supervision Plan 2009 Guidelines on the Design and Construction of Bamboo Scaffolds Code of Practice and Guidance issued by Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) » % Code of Practice — Avoiding Danger from Gas Pipes + Code of Practice on Working near Electricity Supply Lines 4j®, Se < 5 SoS oo oes od © Buildings (Demolition Works) Regulations + Buildings Ordinance (BO), Cap. 123 and its subsidiary legislations ‘¢ Electricity (Registration) Regulations © Electricity (Wiring) Regulations ‘© Plugs and Adaptors (Safety) Regulation ‘© Electricity Supply Lines (Protection) Regulation Codes of Practice and Guidance issued by Labour Department Code of Practice for Protection of Hearing in Industrial Undertakings Code of Practice for Bamboo Scaffolding Safety Code of Practice for Metal Scaffolding Safety Code of Practice for Safety at Work (Lift and Escalator) Code of Practice - Safety and Health at Work for Industrial Diving Code of Practice for Safe Use of Mobile Crane and Tower Crane Code of Practice - Safety and Health at Work with Asbestos Code of Practice ~Safety and Health at Work for Gas Welding and Flame Cutting Code of Practice Safety and Health at Work in Confined Spaces Code of Practice Safety and Health at Work with Asbestos Code of Practice on Safety Use of Excavators Code of Practice for Safe Use and Operation of Suspended Working Platforms A Guide to the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Section 6A & 6B) — Know Your General Di A Guide to the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations A Guide to Construction Safety Management oo o 4% / Guidance Notes on Classification and Use of Safety Belts and their Anchorage Systems ~ Guidance Notes on the Selection, Use and Maintenance of Safety Helmets > Guidance Notes on Safe Use of Earth Moving Plant @) VO > Guide to Occupational Diseases Prescribed for Compensation Purposes, Labour Department > The Protection of workers’ health series on “Asbestos” Code of Practice and Guidance issued by Buildings Department (BD) Code of Practice for Building Works for Lifts and Escalators 2011 Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings 2004 Code of Practice for Site Supervision 2009 Code of Practice for Foundations Technical Memorandum for Supervision Plan 2009 Guidelines on the Design and Construction of Bamboo Scaffolds Hooooe Code of Practice and Guidance issued by Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) + Code of Practice ~ Avoiding Danger from Gas Pipes > Code of Practice on Working near Electricity Supply Lines 4| 1.2 124 1.2.2 GEeEeEEBREBE Es ae ae wP SSE BB SBE EE +> Guidance Notes for the Electrical Products (Safety) Regulations () Code of Practice and Guidance issued by Environmental Protection Department (EPD) % Code of Practice on Asbestos Control — Asbestos Work Using Full Containment or Mini Containment Method > Code of Practice on Asbestos Control ~ Asbestos Work Using Glove Bag Method > Code of Practice on Asbestos Control — Safe Handling of Low Risk Asbestos Containing Material Code of Practice on Asbestos Control — Preparation of Asbestos Investigation Report, Asbestos Management Plan and Asbestos Abatement Plan Code of Practice on the Handling, Transportation and Disposal of Asbestos Wastes, Environmental Protection Department + Practice Note of Professional Persons, Environmental Protection Department, “Handling of Asbestos containing Materials in Building” + ProPECC PN 2/97 vc- THE MAIN .QUTY-HOLDERS. WHO HAVE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF A WORKPLACE The Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance (OSHO) and Regulations Under the OSHO, responsibilities for compliance rest upon “the person responsible for a workplace”, including the “Employer” of the employees who are employed to carry out work there or the “Occupier” of the workplace if the employer has no control of it. Under the OSHO, responsibilities for compliance rest upon “the person responsible for a workplace”, including the “Employer” of the employees who are employed to carry out work there or the “Occupier” of the workplace ifthe employer has no control of it. The major difference between the liabilities of an employer and an occupier is that “an employer is responsible for the safety of his own employees” while “an occupier is responsible for the safety of other people’s employees”. Therefore, any contractor in a construction site or any employer in an industrial undertaking may have legal obligations as an “occupier” in daily operations and activities. However, the occupier’s duty is only confined to the aspects relating to the premises and plants e.g. the means of escape to and egress from a workplace. The Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (FIUO) and its Subsidiary Legislation Under the FIUO and its subsidiary legislation, the legal liabilities are directed towards “the proprietor of an industrial undertaking”, “the contractor in a construction site” or “the owner of plant and equipment”. Under Regulation 2(2) of FIUO, “the principal contractor of a construction site” is also interpreted as “the proprietor of an industrial undertaking”. 5123 1.24 124.1 For lifting appliances and lifting gear controlled under F&IU (Lifting Appliances tnd Lifting Gear) Regulations, and suspended working platform under F&IU (Suspended Working Platforms) Regulation, an “Owner” includes:- © The lessee or hirer thereof. © Any overseer, foreman, agent or person in charge or having the control oF management of the lifting appliance, lifting gear and suspended working platforms. ‘The Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations (CSSR) “The CSSR is the principal law controlling safety on construction site and contractors ar construction activities, operations in certain plant or equipment, ¢.g., material hoists, mechanical equipment, etc, are the main duty holders. To improve the performance in consiruction safety and health, Construction Sites (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 2003 was taken effect on 28° November 2003. ‘The main provisions of the Amendment Regulations are as followst- ©: To extend the duties imposed on the principal contractor under most provisions of the principal regulation to any contractor or sub-contractor who has “direct control” over any construction work on the site. “Direet-control” is defined to mean “the.controLover-the.way-consttuction.work is.carried out’. © To prescribe the specific measures required to ensure the safety of places of work on construction sites. © To preseribe the specific measures required to effectively guard a prime mover, transmission machinery and dangerous parts of other machinery used on construction sites. Since then, apart from the principal contractor, any contractor oF sub-contractor who has direct control over any construction work on the construction site shall also be liable for offences committed in carrying out the work, However, it must be ‘ressed that the responsibility of the principal contractor to ensure the safety and health at work on the site is in no way diminished. ‘The Buildings Ordinance and its Subsidiary Legislations Under the Buildings Ordinance (BO), Cap. 123 and its subsidiary legislation e.g. the Buildings (Administration) Regulations (B[AJR), the Buildings (Construction) Regulations (B[C]R) and the Buildings (Demolition Works) Regulations (BID WIR, the “Registered General Building Contractor (RGBC)” and the “Authorized Person (AP)" shall give continuous and periodic supervision respectively to building works, They shall appoint adequate number of technically “Competent Person” to provide site safety supervision under a supervision plan. The RGBCs and the APs also have the duty to take adequate precautions to safeguard public safety eg. by erecting suitable and sufficient structural frames and components, formwork and falsework to prevent collapse of adjoining structures. Authorized persons (AP) Safety duties are imposed upon the AP to exercise adequate supervision on the 6| 1.25 1.2.6 1.26.1 1.2.6.2 safety performance of the contractors for some high-risk projects such as demolition and excavation. Furthermore, such projects shall not be commenced unless the APs are satisfied that adequate safety precautions have been taken and have successfully obtained consent from the Buildings Authority. The Electricity Ordinance, Cap. 406 and its Subsidiary Legislation Similar to the Buildings Ordinance (BO), Cap. 123, the Electricity Ordinance, Cap. 406, also require contractors carrying out any electrical work shalll be a “Registered Electrical Contractor” that certain safety measures shall be followed in carrying out electrical works and employment of “Registered electrical workers”. Other Duty-holders ‘The Workers and the Employees (@) In addition to the above statutory duty-holders who have the primary responsibility to ensure the safety and health of workers (or the public as the ‘case may be) within or in the vicinity of a construction site, the workers themselves have the statutory duty to protect themselves or others who may be adversely affected by their acts or omissions under various provisions of the FIUO and OSHO. They also have the duty to co-operate with their proprietors or employers for implementation of a safe system of work within their workplaces, (b) Only “Registered Electrical Workers” registered under Elect Cap. 406 can carry out the type of electrical works, electrical installation or premises the worker is entitled within a grade. (©) Under Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, Cap. 583, only workers registered as “Registered Construction Worker” in the Construction Workers Registration Board are allowed to carry out construction work in construction sites. @ Under F&IU (Confined Spaces) Regulation, only “Certified Workman” who are trained and competent are allowed to enter into a confined space for working. 7 % Competent Examiners (CE) onli: Dh “y Certain plants and equipment are required to be tested and thoroughly examined by “Competent Examiners” appointed by the proprietor of an industrial undertaking or owner of the plant or equipment. Typical examples of the legislations relating to construction industry are : © F&IU (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations © F&IU (Suspended Working Platforms) Regulation * Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations = Material Hoists These competent examiners are required to possess certain qualifications, such as a12.6.4 Registered Professional Engineer (RPE)" in relevant discipline registered under Engineers Registration Ordinance, Cap. 409, and has relevant experience and competence to perform the duties. They are also required to sign forms and ontficates in approved forms to certify those plant and equipment are safe for use and operation. Competent Persons (CP) (@) Under the various provisions of the safety legislation administered by the Labour Department, different categories of competent persons are assigned the special duties of taking care of construction plant and equipment and being in charge of some high-risk activities. They are separately requiced to conduct periodic checks and inspections to lifting gear before every use, 10 Granes, Irting appliances and excavations weekly, and to scaffolds bi- weekly, ele. Some competent persons are required to be in charge of some highsrsks operations such as work in confined spaces. They play a very important qole in ensuring that plant and equipment are safe for use and adequate precautions are taken to control the risks of some high-risk activities. Their competency and professional ethics are therefore crucial to ithe success of the implementation of many important site safety measures. (6) In some legislations administered by other government departments, °> Electricity Supply Lines (Protection) Regulation, Cap. 406H enforced by Electrical & Mechanical Services Department, “Competent Person” is required to be employed by the contractors to detect underground or overhead utilities in construction work sites. Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors Under the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations, a construction site employing more than 100 workers sl have at least one full-time registered safety officers-(RSO) employed. For siastruction site having 20 workers or more, a site safety supervisor (SS) shall be employed. Both the RSO and the SS have a list of safety duties defined in the law. ‘These include but not limited to safety inspection, accident investigation and site safety supervision whieh, arg, essential in ensuring the safety and health of the workers on construction sites. The expertise and professional ethics of these safety personnel greatly affect the site safety performance of contractors. ‘There was an amendment of the Regulation taken effect on 5® June 2002 that the resistration of safety officers requires revalidation every 4 years. And that the application for revalidation shall have a total of not Tess than 100 hours of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Programme in occupational safety and health in 4 years immediately preceding the application. In addition, with effect from 2" January 2004, proprietors of container handling workplaces whom employ 100 or more workers are required to employ a fulltime RSO. They are also required to employ a safety supervisor in each container handling workplace where the number of employees is 20 or more. 8REFERENCES Department of Justice, (2013). Website: Bilingual Laws Information System, Hong Kong SAR Government. http://www. legislation gov bk/blis/eng/index.html FAN, L.C.N. & YIM, K-P. (2008) (edited). Construction Management and Civil Engineering Practice in Hong Kong. Association of Engineering Professionals in Society Ltd., Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR Government. (1997). Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance. Hong Kong: Government Printer. Hong Kong SAR Government. (1997). Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance. Hong Kong: Government Printer. Hong Kong SAR Government. (2003). Construction Sites (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations. Hong Kong: Government Printer. ee “ge te Bb EE, 3A Fig Conrtact ig & WF wakes