Magnitude of Friction

Types of Friction

Static Friction Kinetic Friction

 f a

static kinetic static kinetic

µsN
( µs − µk ) N
µk N
m

t N t
µsN µsN
α α

F= αt
f µ
 Draw f v/s t Graph & a v/s t Graph
F=t
10 kg

µ s = 1.0
F f
µ k = 0.8

t t
a
Angle of Repose

θ
Measuring Coefficient of Friction practically
➔ Place a body of mass m on a rough horizontal surface
(angle of surface with horizontal is adjustable)
m

The body will remain stationary

➔ Now, gradually start increasing the angle of inclination (θ) of the surface.
Angle of Repose - Calculate

θ
 Angle of Friction

f
µ
Angle of Friction (α)
➔ It is the angle made by resultant of contact forces with normal reaction
➔ Consider a body on a rough surface with normal reaction (N) & frictional
force (f) acting on it.

N
R

f
 Problems on Static Friction

Static, Kinetic Friction

0 < fs < µsN

fk = µkN
A force of 20 N can just move a 3 kg block kept on a horizontal ground.
Calculate the coefficient of friction & angle of friction. (g = 10m/s2)

3 Kg 20 N
 A force of 20 N can just move a block kept on a horizontal ground. The
mass of the block is 3 kg . Calculate the coefficient of friction & angle of
friction. (g = 10m/s2)

m = 3 kg
F = f L = 20N F = 20 N
fL

From FBD, mg = 30 N
f L = µN = 20 Newton
N = mg = 30 Newton
Solution:
fL 20 2 N
µ = = = R
N 30 3
angle of friction : α F = 20 N
fL fL
2
tan α = N = 3
mg = 30 N
2
α = tan –1 3
Find the minimum value of m1 for which system remains in equilibrium.

A. m2/µ m1
B. m2µ
C. 2m 2 /µ µ
D. √m 2 µ

m2
 For the given arrangement, find the minimum value of mass m1 for which
the system remains in equilibrium. Assume, pulley & strings to be massless.

Solution: T
N
➔ For system to be equilibrium, block m1 must not move.
➔ The minimum value of mass m1 has to be in co-relation
with limiting friction acting on it.
m1 T
➔ FBD of system m2
ƒ

m1g m2g
Solution:

For equilibrium
T = m 2 g , N = m1g
N T
ƒS = T ≤ µN
So,
m2g ≤ µ N m1 T m2
m 2 g ≤ µ m1g ƒ

µ m1 ≥ m 2 m1g m2g

m1 ≥ m2
µ
m2
∴
(m1) min. = µ