Extended Abstract

GLOWMAX: IoT-Based Lightwave and Pheromone Transmitters to

Increase Soybean Production as an Effort to Support SDGs
Christabel Putik1, Octavio Benedictus Pradipa Ritung2, Edwin Setiawan3, Patricia
Yosephine4, and Anugerah Putri Malidha5
Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Abstract
The fulfilment of soybean needs in Indonesia is one of the big problems
that never gets solved. Indonesia still imports 60% or as much as 2.67 million tons
of domestic soybean needs (BPS, 2019). There are various problems at the farmer
level that cause domestic soybean production to be deficient. One of them is
climate and weather issues. As is known, soybeans (Glycine max L.) are
subtropical plants originating from China (Wang et al., 2016). Soybeans require a
duration of irradiation of 14-16 hours per day, while Indonesia, as a tropical
country, has an average irradiation length of only 12 hours (Afidah et al., 2019).
This paper offers solutions in advanced tools based on the Internet of Things (IoT)
based on these problems. GLOWMAX is an LED light wave transmitter whose
wavelength can be adjusted to plant life. LED light bulbs consist of two-color
bases, namely red and blue, with a specific ratio according to plant growth. In the
germination phase, the ratio of red and blue used is 80% and 20%, while for the
vegetative phase, the ratio of red and blue used is 20% and 80%. When the plant
enters the generative phase, it will use a red and blue color ratio of 60% and 40%.
The lamp will light up based on the installed light sensor. GLOWMAX has
additional features as an environmentally friendly pest controller. Besides, green
stink bugs (Nezara viridula) attack can decrease soybean production yield in
Indonesia. On the tool, a green stink bugs trap will be installed. Artificial
pheromone compounds obtained from extracts from the coltsfoot plant (Tussilago
farfara) will attract green stink bugs to traps. Green stink bugs will be stuck in
the trap and will be drowning in a detergent liquid. All settings and data in this
tool will be integrated with the Internet of Things to directly connect to the
farmer's gadgets. This tool aims to increase soybean production to support SDGs
by utilizing technology in industry 5.0.
Keywords: Green stink bug, IoT, LED, Lightwave, Pheromone, Soybean
Introduction
Soybeans are a horticultural
commodity that is very popular with
Indonesians. Demand for soybeans in
Indonesia is quite high, but, the
fulfilment of Indonesia's soybean stock
still depends on import activities.
According to BPS (2019), as much as
2.67 million tons of soybeans or 60%
of domestic demand is imported
soybeans. Until now, there is no exact
solution to overcome this problem.
Various problems cause the low
productivity of domestic soybeans, one
of which is long radiation or photo
periodization in Indonesia. Ideally,
soybeans require 14 – 16 hours of sun
exposure per day, but the average
length of radiation in Indonesia is 12
hours (Afidah et al., 2019). Soybean
plants that lack sunlight during their
life will grow taller with fewer leaves
and pods and impact the formation of
less good seeds (smaller seeds) (Taufiq
et al., 2012). Besides, pest infestation
is another factor causing low soybean
productivity in Indonesia. One of the
most common pests is green stink bugs
(Nezara viridula), which, if not treated
immediately, can cause more than 80%
damage to pods (Samosir et al., 2015).
To face the challenges of
soybean cultivation in Indonesia, a
modern, multi- functional eco-friendly
tool is needed. The utilization of
artificial light, whose energy comes
from solar cells, is the perfect solution
today. On the other hand, traps are
installed on the primary pest of
soybeans, namely green stink bugs.
One of the compounds in the trap can
be derived from plant extracts, the
coltsfoot plant.
Materials and Methods
Material selection
GLOWMAX consists of four
core parts: support poles, LED lights
(light- emitting diodes), solar panels
and batteries, and pest traps. This tool
is based on IoT with a synchronization
system between the device and
GLOWMAX via Wi-Fi to monitor the
state of the soybean cultivation land.
The poles are made of iron, which
goes through the galvanization process
to do not trust easily. Using a
combination of 2 colors LED lights
that are personalized to soybean plants'
needs, namely red and blue. The solar
panel and battery are assembled
manually with the capacity and size
adjusted for the LED lights' power.
The pest trap will be in the form of a
covered box basin made of stainless
steel and a digital timer installed to of soybean plants. This feature is due
release pheromone compounds to the synchronization features added
automatically. to this tool.
Design tools LED Irradiation
Light is essential for plant
Starting with the construction of
physiological processes, such as
a support pole with a height of 10
respiration and photosynthesis. The
meters from the ground. The LED lamp
nature of light that affects plants,
holder assembly, which is on one pole,
namely light intensity and light quality
consists of 4 lamp rafts with the same
or photoperiod. Through the
specifications. Third, the pest trap
development of science and
assembly will be installed in the middle
technology, light can be made and
of the pole.
characterized, such as LEDs. LED is
LED Light Combination
an electronic component capable of
The specific wavelength
producing large light with efficient
requirements of light in the vegetative
electrical energy consumption (Faridha
phase and the generative phase are
and Saputra, 2016). LEDs can provide
quite different. Thus, a combination of
a monochromatic spectrum of light,
80B : 20R% blue (B) and red (R) LED
such as red and blue light, which can
lights’ will be used in the plant's
be used to analyze the effect of light
vegetative phase. When the plant enters
properties on plant development and
the generative phase, the LED light
growth. According to Wollaeger and
combination needs to be changed
Runkle (2014), red light with a
because it adapts to the plant.
wavelength of 626 – 750 nm can
Wavelengths between 640 – 660 nm
stimulate photosynthetic components'
(red) are vital in the flowering plant
performance and increase plant
phase (Zwart, 2018). Thus, the LED
biomass. Another study shows that
color combination is dominated by red
blue light with a wavelength of 435 –
with a ratio of 40B : 60R%.
490 nm can trigger flowering and
Result and Finding
inhibit cell elongation (Sellaro et al.,
Based on the literature review
2010). According to Runkle (2015),
that has been conducted, GLOWMAX
blue light acts as a counterweight to
has a significant impact on the growth
red light so that cell elongation is not
excessive, so it is recommended that
each LED contains at least 10 – 20%
blue light.
Therefore, the application of
red and blue light is the most effective
way for plant growth. Based on
research Fang et al. (2020), plants
exposed to a combination of blue (B)
and red (R) LEDs with a ratio of 80B:
20R% showed the most extensive total
root length, root volume, root surface
area, root dry mass, and plant dry
mass. Other treatment. In this study,
the blue light's wavelength was 439
nm, while the red color was 659nm.
The effect of the LEDs' quality of light
can be seen as a significant difference
in soybean growth. The soybeans that
are applied with LEDs have more
extensive and more prolonged pods.
There is also yellow light with a
wavelength ranging from 565 – 590
nm, an accessory color that is useful
for transmitting energy to chlorophyll.
Green Stink Bugs Pheromone Trap
Feature
The LED light feature on the
GLOWMAX must be equipped with
the Nezara viridula trap feature. This
problem is in line with Prayogo (2013)
statement that the primary pest of
soybean is one of the pod suckers,
namely Nezara viridula. Therefore, this
pheromone catcher feature is very
influential in producing soybean plants
in the cultivated land. Nezara viridula,
also known as a green stink bug,
produces gas compounds to attract
mates during the breeding season.
According to Lancaster et al. (2008),
the gas compound produced by Nezara
viridula is (Z)-α- bisabolene. Nezara
viridula will produce this compound at
the age of 45 days after planting
soybean plants. By the statement of
Bayu and Tengkano (2014), the
effectiveness of pesticide use is used
during the breeding season (45 DAS)
on Nezara viridula. Nezara viridula
pheromone trap feature is implemented
according to the life cycle of Nezara
viridula and the gaseous compounds
produced by the green stink bugs. The
gas compound is obtained from
(Tussilago farfara) extracted coltsfoot
plants and used in GLOWMAX. It was
mentioned by Norani et al. (2019) that
the presence of the compound (Z)-α-
bisabolene in which this compound is
activated during the mating season
prevents Nezara viridula attacks from
reaching the economic threshold,
causing significant losses.
Discussion
 The process of photosynthesis is to be implemented in major soybean-
the process of capturing light in the producing areas. GLOWMAX is
form of photons, which is then expected to minimize soybean import
converted into ATP and NADPH activity and an effort to engineer an
chemical energy so that CO2 ideal soybean plant environment and
assimilation can occur adequately, red reduce the level of attack by the
and blue light is needed as the primary primary pest, namely Nezara viridula.
energy source. Each color stimulates References
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 APPENDIX

Appendix 1. GLOWMAX implementation timeline

Planning Development Enabling Maintaining
People  Make risk mitigation  Choose a resource  Product  End-to-end feedback
 Examining strategy publication
farmer needs  Equip farmers'  Product
 Assessing abilities introduction
farmer  Increase cooperation  Trial systems on
capabilities with the surrounding the field
population
 Designing IoT
requirements
Process  Determine  Adjust system  Launch the  Maintain application
stakeholders requirements product features for farmers
 Build a team  Build IoT system  Product testing
composition  Prepare application
 Review and detail content
system
requirements.
Technolo  Measure  Developing tools and  Developing tools  Minimizes unwanted
gy technological applications by looking and applications error by products
capabilities at the feasibility of by looking at the
 Develop GLOMAX technology feasibility of
 Formulation of a technology
concept regarding
soybean
requirement.

Appendix 2. Target problems that GLOWMAX resolves

Aspect Solved
Increase plantation productivity √
Improve environmental quality √
Improve the quality of life of farmers √
Increase professional interest in agriculture and plantations √
Helps to improve agricultural quality √
Creating a more innovative farm √
Appendix 3. Risk mitigation
No Risk Probability Effect Response Strategy
1. How the GLOWMAX works Moderate Moderate Accept Provides clearer
is difficult for users to guides, demos and
understand tutorials

2. Smaller number user High High Avoid Improve publication and

outreach for
product use
3. Not adaptive to some field Moderate Moderate Accept Innovating the
plantation conditions GLOWMAX according to
the field
condition
4. High budget Moderate High Reduce Analyze and revise
tools and material
5. Limited funding Low High Avoid Introducing businesses
with investors to meet the
budget

6. IoT system errors Low Moderate Accept Improve IoT

capabilities

Appendix 4. GLOWMAX Macro Analysis: PESTLE analysis table

Factor Explantaion
Economy The price of GLOWMAX materials and tools may be quite expensive at first.
But it can give understanding to farmers that this will increase the cumulative profit
drastically
Social A modern, environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural image can
support the improvement of tourism using GLOWMAX. But, a lot of input from
experts is still needed to develop GLOWMAX.
Technology People is getting handier to technology so that it has the ability to carry out
advance and maintenance. Similar technology will develop a lot so that
development will be easy to do.
Legal So far there has been no legislation that is inconsistent with GLOWMAX. However,
it is necessary to pay attention to regulations or agreements with local residents
regarding the arrangement of areas. In addition, various laws must be considered in
their application, such as consumer protection, electrical
safety, flying animal safety and ensuring not to disturb the aircraft
Environmental GLOWMAX is very influenced by the environment because its work process is
directly related to conditions in the field. GLOWMAX has a good impact on
the environment because it utilizes organic pest management and solar panel.
Appendix 5. GLOWMAX Model