Langkah Penyelesaian Lengkap Add Maths Ting 4

Jawapan
(i) Apabila domain/ When domain = {2, 5}

Bab 1 f (2) = ‒2(2) + 3 = ‒1
f (5) = ‒2(5) + 3 = ‒7
1.1 Fungsi
Function \ Julat/ Range = ‒1 < f (x) < ‒7

1 (a) A B (ii) f (x) = ‒1 f (x) = 3

–5 ‒2x + 3 = ‒1 ‒2x + 3 = 3
1
2x = 4 2x = 0
2 –3 x=2 x=0
\ Domain = 0 < x < 2

3 –2
(b) h(3) = 0
5 –1 |2(3) – c| = 0
6–c=0
(b) 0 2 3 4 c=6 → h(x) = |2x – 6|
A
(i) h(x) = 4
|2x – 6| = 4
2x – 6 = ±4
2x – 6 = ‒4 atau/ or 2x – 6 = 4
B 2x = 2 2x = 10
–2 0 2
x = 1 x=5
(c) x 2x – 1
(ii) f (x)
7 x=3 f(x) = |2x – 6|
4 5
(1,4)
3 3 (5,4)
2
x
0 (3, 0)
2 (a) Hubungan antara set A dan set B ialah hubungan
banyak kepada satu, maka hubungan ini ialah suatu Julat/ Range: h(x) M 0
fungsi. (c) f (x) = 4x – 7
The relation between set A and set B is many-to-one relation,
so this relation is a function. (i) f (2) = 4(2) ‒ 7
(b) Hubungan antara set A dan set B ialah hubungan =1
banyak kepada banyak, maka hubungan ini bukan f(x) = 5
suatu fungsi. Unsur b mempunyai dua imej, iaitu v dan
4x – 7 = 5
w.
4x = 12
The relation between set A and set B is many-to-many relation,
so this relation is not a function. The element b has two x = 3
images, which are v and w. (ii) Domain/ Domain = 2 N x N 3
(c) Hubungan antara set A dan set B bukan suatu fungsi (d) y = m x + c
kerana unsur 3 tidak dipetakan kepada mana-mana
imej. (i) Fungsi satu kepada satu
The relation between set A and set B is not a function because One-to-one function
the element 3 is not mapped to any images.
(ii) 4 = m(1) + c 1 = m(4) + c
m + c = 4 …➀ 4m + c = 1 …➁
3
Domain Kodomain Julat ➁ – ➀: 4m – m = 1 – 4
Domain Codomain Range
3m = ‒3
(a) {x, y, z} {3, 5, 7, 9} {3, 5, 9} m = ‒1 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} {2, 3, 4} {2, 3} m = ‒1 ↷ ➀ ‒1 + c = 4
(c) ‒5 N x N 20 ‒10 N f (x) N 30 ‒10 N f (x) N 30 c = 5 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
(d) {‒4, ‒1, 0, 2, 4} {‒4, ‒2, 2, 8, 10} {‒4, ‒2, 2, 8, 10} (iii) k = (‒1)(3) + 5
= ‒3 + 5
4 (a) f(2) = ‒1 = 2
2m + 3 = ‒1
2m = ‒4
m = ‒2 → f (x) = ‒2x + 3
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Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Jawapan
(e) f (x) = |x – k| 2x 2x
(d) g : x → ⇔ g(x) =
f (2) = 0 x+m x+m
|2 – k| = 0 (i) g(5) = 3g(2)
2 – k = 0
k = 2 → f (x) = |x – 2|

2(5)
5+m
=3 [
2(2)
2+m ]
10 12
f (x) = 3 =
5+m 2+m
|x – 2| = 3
20 + 10m = 60 + 12m
x – 2 = ±3
2m = ‒40
x – 2 = ‒3 atau/ or x–2=3 m = ‒20
x = ‒1 x=5 2(10)
(ii) g(10) =
(f) (i) f(3) = 1 f(7) = 5 10 – 20
3a + b = 1 …➀ 7a + b = 5 …➁ = ‒2
➁ – ➀: 7a – 3a = 5 – 1
(iii) g(x) = ‒ 1
4a = 4 2
a=1 2x
=‒1
x – 20 2
a = 1 ↷ ➀, 3(1) + b = 1 4x = 20 – x
3+b=1 5x = 20
b = ‒2 x=4
\ f (x) = x – 2
(e) (i) f (k) = 0
|k + 3| = 0
(ii) f(x) k + 3 = 0
f (x) = x – 2 k = ‒3 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
(ii) f(1) = |1 + 3| f (‒7) = |(‒7) + 3|
5 =4 = |‒4|
=4
\ Fungsi banyak kepada satu/ Many-to-one function
1 (f) (i) g(2) = 4
x a(2 – p)2 + 4 = 4
0 2 3 7 a(2 – p)2 = 0
–2 (2 – p)2 = 0
2–p=0
(a) 0 < f(x) < 5 p = 2 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
(b) 3 < x < 7 g(3) = 3
a(3 – 2)2 + 4 = 3
5 (a) (i) Fungsi banyak kepada satu a+4=3
Function of many-to-one relation a = ‒1 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
(ii) f (0) = 1 (ii) g(x) = ‒(x ‒ 2)2 + 4
02 + c = 1 g(x) = 0
c = 1 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown) ‒(x ‒ 2)2 + 4 = 0
\ f (x) = x2 + 1
‒(x ‒ 2)2 = ‒4
x2 ‒ 4x + 4 = 4
f(3) = k x2 ‒ 4x = 0
32 + 1 = k x(x ‒ 4) = 0
9 + 1 = k x = 0 atau/ or 4
k = 10
(b) f(x) = mx + 1 1.2 Fungsi Gubahan
f (2) = 5 Composite Functions
2m + 1 = 5 1 (a) f (1) = ‒1 g(‒1) = 0
2m = 4 2(1) – a = ‒1 (‒1)b + 1 = 0
m = 2 2 – a = ‒1 ‒b = ‒1
f(3) = k a=3 b=1
2(3) + 1 = k \ f (x) = 2x ‒ 3, g(x) = x + 1
6 + 1 = k
k = 7 gf (x) = g[f (x)]
= g(2x ‒ 3)
(c) (i) y = 1 y= 1 = (2x ‒ 3) + 1 g(2) = 5
x x
= 2x ‒ 2 q
a=1 b=1
2(2) – 1
=5
1 3
\ gf : x → 2x – 2 q = 5(3)
= 1
(b) f (4) = 2 = 15
(ii) Julat/ Range: 1 N y N 1 2(4) + p = 2
3 p=2–8
= ‒6
15
\ f (x) = 2x ‒ 6, g(y) =
2y – 1
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gf (x) = g[f (x)] (ii) gf (x) = g[f (x)]

= g(2x – 6)
=
15
=g ( )
x–2
1
=
2(2x ‒ 6) ‒ 1
15
=6 ( )
1
x–2
+1
4x ‒ 12 ‒ 1 6+x‒2
=
15 x–2
= x+4
4x ‒ 13 =
15 x–2
\ gf : x → x+4
4x ‒ 13 gf : x →
x–2
(c) f(1) = ‒5 g(2) = 1
5 a 3 (a) gf (x) = g[f (x)] gf (4) = 4(4) + 19
= ‒5 =1 = 16 + 19
3–b 4–2 = g(x + 5)
3 – b = ‒1 a=2 = 4(x + 5) – 1 = 35
b = 4 = 4x + 20 – 1
5 2
\ f (y) = \ g(x) = = 4x + 19
3y – 4 4–x
(b) fg(x) = f [g(x)] fg(2) = 4(2)2 – 24(2) + 39
fg(x) = f [g(x)] = f(6 – 2x) = 16 – 48 + 39
= f
2
4–x ( )

= (6 – 2x)2 + 3
= 36 – 24x + 4x2 + 3
=7
= 5 = 4x2 – 24x + 39
3 2 ‒4
4–x ( ) (c) gh(x) = g[h(x)]

gf (3) = 8(3) – 31
= 24 – 31
= g(4x – 17)
= 5(4 ‒ x) = 2(4x – 17) + 3 = ‒7
6 ‒ 4(4 ‒ x)
= 8x – 34 + 3
= 20 – 5x = 8x – 31
6 ‒ 16 + 4x
=
20 – 5x 4 (a) gf (x) = g[f (x)] gf (x) = 1
4x – 10 3
\ fg : x →
20 – 5x
=g ( 3
2x – 1 ) 2x ‒ 1 1
3
=
3
4x – 10 1
= 2x ‒ 1 = 1
3
2x = 2
2 (a) (i) fg(x) 2x ‒ 1
= f [g(x)] x=1
2x ‒ 1
= f(x + 2) =
3
= (x + 2)2 – 3x
= x2 + 4x + 4 – 3x (b) gf (x) = g[f (x)] gf (x) = 3
= x2 + x + 4
fg : x → x2 + x + 4
=g ( )
x+3
2x 9x ‒ 3
x+3
=3

(ii) gf (x) = g[f (x)]
= g(x2 – 3x)
=5 ( )2x
x+3
–1
9x ‒ 3 = 3x + 9
6x = 12
10x ‒ x ‒ 3 x=2
= x2 – 3x + 2 =
x+3
gf : x → x2 – 3x + 2
9x ‒ 3
(iii) g2(x) = g[g(x)] =
x+3
= g(x + 2)
= (x + 2) + 2 (c) f g(x) = f [g(x)]
=x+4 = f ( 3 – x)
g2 : x → x + 4 = ( 3 – x)2 + 4( 3 – x) + 7
= 3 – x + 4( 3 – x) + 7
(b) (i) gf (x) = g[f (x)] = 4( 3 – x) – x + 10
= g(3x – 2)
= 3x – 2 + 5 f g(x) = 19
= 3x + 3 4( 3 – x) – x + 10 = 19
gf : x → 3x + 3 4( 3 – x) = 9 + x
16(3 – x) = x2 + 18x + 81
(ii) f 2(x)
48 – 16x = x2 + 18x + 81
= f[f (x)]
x2 + 34x + 33 = 0
= f(3x – 2)
(x + 33)(x + 1) = 0
= 3(3x – 2) – 2
x = ‒33 atau/ or ‒1
= 9x – 6 – 2
= 9x – 8
5 (a) f g(x) = 9x + 4
f 2 : x → 9x – 8
f[g(x)] = 9x + 4
(c) (i) fg(x) = f (6x + 1) 3[g(x)] + 1 = 9x + 4
1
= 3[g(x)] = 9x + 3
(6x + 1) ‒ 2
1 g(x) = 3x + 1
=
6x – 1
1
fg : x →
6x – 1
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(b) fg(x) = 2x + 7 (b) (i) f 2(x) = f [f (x)]

f (4 – 3x) = 2x + 7
Biar/ Let k = 4 – 3x
=f [ ]
x–1
x
3x = 4 – k
4–k =
( )
x–1
x
–1
x=
3
( )
x–1
x
Jadi/ Then, f(k) = 2 (4 3– k ) + 7 = x–1‒x
x‒1
8 ‒ 2k + 21 1
= =–
3 x–1
‒2k + 29
= (ii) f 3(x) = f 2[f (x)]
3
Maka/ Thus, f : x →
‒2x + 29
3
= f2 [ ]
x–1
x
1
=‒
(c) gf (x) = 4x + 1
g(2x – 8) = 4x + 1 ( )
x–1 –1
x
Biar/ Let y = 2x – 8 =‒ x
2x = y + 8 x‒1–x
y+8 =x
x=
2 (iii) f 4(x) = f 3[f (x)]
Jadi/ Then, g(y) = 4
y+8
2 ( )+1 = f3 [ ]
x–1
x
= 2y + 16 + 1
x–1
= 2y + 17 =
x
Maka/ Thus, g : x → 2x + 17 (iv) f 17(x) = f 2(x)
fg(x) = f [g(x)] 1
= f(2x + 17) =–
x–1
= 2(2x + 17) – 8
= 4x + 34 – 8 (c) (i) g2(x) = g[g(x)]
= 4x + 26 =g [ ]
x+1
x–1
6 (a) (i) f 2(x) = f [f (x)]
( )
x+1
+1
=f ( )
x–1
=
x–1
x+1
( )
x–1
–1
( )
x+1
x–1 –1
x+1
= = +1+x‒1
x
( )
x–1
x+1
+1 x + 1 ‒ (x ‒ 1)
2x
x – 1 ‒ (x + 1) =
= 2
x ‒ 1 + (x + 1) =x
–2
= (ii) g3(x) = g2[g(x)]
2x
=–
1
x
= g2
x+1
x–1[ ]
x+1
(ii) f 4(x) = f 2[f 2(x)] =
x–1
= f2 – [ ]
1
x
(iii) gn(x) = x
x+1
1 (iv) gn + 1(x) =
=‒ x–1
– ( )
1
x 7 (a) Keuntungan daripada jualan produk boleh ditakrifkan
=x oleh fungsi k(p) = 15p dengan p ialah bilangan produk
yang terhasil.
(iii) f 16(x) = f 12[f 4(x)] The revenue from the sales of products can be defined by
= f 12(x) the function k(p) = 15p where p is the number of products
= f 8[f 4(x)] produced.
= f 8(x) kp(t) = k[p(t)]
= f 4[f 4(x)] = k(2t2 – 5t)
= f 4(x) = 15(2t2 – 5t)
= 30t2 – 75t
=x
Jumlah keuntungan yang diperoleh:
Total revenue which can be earned:
kp(75) = 30(75)2 – 75(75)
= 168 750 – 5 625
= 163 125
Maka, jumlah keuntungan sebanyak RM163 125
diperoleh Ali daripada jualan produk yang terhasil
selepas kilang beroperasi selama 75 minit.
Thus, a total revenue of RM163 125 can be earned by Ali from
the sales of products produced after the factory has operated
for 75 minutes.
J4
(b) Perimeter boleh ditakrifkan oleh

The perimeter can be defined by
(b) Biar/ Let k = f ‒1 (14 )
p(x) = 2x + 2(2x + 1) 1
f(k) =

= 2x + 4x + 2 4
= 6x + 2 1 1
=
Fungsi kos pagar/ Function of the cost of fence: k–2 4
cp(x) = c[p(x)] k–2=4

= c(6x + 2) k = 2

= 10(6x + 2)
= 60x + 20 (14 ) = 2
\ f ‒1
Dengan/ With x = 12,

(c) Biar/ Let k = f ‒1(1)
Kos pagar/ Cost of the fence:
cp(12) = 60(12) + 20 f (k) = 1
= 720 + 20 k–3 =1
= 740 k–3=1
k = 4
\ Kos pagar ialah RM740./ The cost of the fence is RM740.
\ f ‒1(1) = 4
(c) Biar d sebagai jarak perjalanan, t sebagai masa dan p (d) f ‒1(‒5) = 5
sebagai penggunaan petrol. (e) f ‒1(5) = 8
Let d be the travel distance, t be the time and p be the
consumption of petrol. 2 (a) Ada, kerana fungsi ini ialah fungsi satu dengan satu.
80t 4t 200d d
d(t) = = p(d) = = Has, because this function is a one-to-one function.
60 3 1 000 5 (b) Tidak ada, kerana fungsi ini ialah fungsi banyak dengan
4(90) satu.
pd(t) = p[d(t)] pd(90) =
15 Does not have, because this function is a many-to-one function.
= p
4t
3 ( ) = 24 (c) Tidak ada, kerana fungsi ini ialah fungsi banyak dengan
satu.
4t Does not have, because this function is a many-to-one function.
= 3 (d) Ada, kerana fungsi ini ialah fungsi satu dengan satu.
5 Has, because this function is a one-to-one function.
4t (e) Ada, kerana fungsi ini ialah fungsi satu dengan satu.
=
15 Has, because this function is a one-to-one function.
\ Petrol yang telah digunakan dalam 90 minit ialah
24 m./ The petrol consumed in 90 minutes is 24 m. 3 (a) fg(x) = f [g(x)]
(d) Isi padu air selepas t minit: =f

x–7
6 [ ]
x–7
( )
Volume of water after t minutes:
V(t) = 20 + 15t =6 +7
6
Tinggi air di dalam bekas: =x–7+7
Height of water in the container: =x
V
h(V) = gf (x) = g[f (x)]
12 × 4
V = g[6x + 7]
= (6x + 7) ‒ 7
48 =
Tinggi air selepas t minit: 6
6x
Height of water after t minutes: =
6
hV(t) = h[V(t)] =x
= h(20 + 15t) \ fg(x) = gf (x) = x, maka fungsi f dan g ialah fungsi
20 + 15t songsang antara satu sama lain.
=
48 fg(x) = gf(x) = x, thus functions f and g are the inverse
20 + 15(5) function of each other.
hV(5) =
48 (b) fg(x) = f [g(x)] gf (x) = g[f (x)]
= 1.9792
\ Bekas belum diisi penuh dengan air. Tinggi air
dalam bekas ialah 1.9792 cm selepas 5 minit.
=f
x [
6x + 5
] =g [ ]
5
x–6
The container is not fully with water yet. The height of = 5 6 ( )
5
x–6
‒5
water in the container is 1.9792 cm after 5 minutes.
(
6x – 5 ‒ 6
) =
Fungsi Songsang =
x
5x
( )
5
x–6
1.3 6x – 5 – 6x 30 ‒ 5x + 30
Inverse Functions =
= –x 5
1 (a) Biar/ Let k = f ‒1(10) 60 – 5x
=
f(k) = 10 5
5k = 10 = 12 – x
k = 2 \ fg(x) ≠ gf (x) ≠ x, maka fungsi f dan g bukan fungsi
songsang antara satu sama lain.
\ f ‒1(10) = 2
fg(x) ≠ gf(x) ≠ x, thus functions f and g are not the inverse
function of each other.
J5
(c) fg(x) = f [g(x)] gf (x) = g[f (x)]

=f [ 2x
x–7 ] =g
3x
4 [ ]
=
7
2x
x–7 ( ) =
4
3x
4 ( )
( 2x
x–7
‒2 ) =
3x
3
14x 3
= =x
2x ‒ 2x + 14
=x \ fg(x) = gf (x) = x, maka fungsi f dan g ialah fungsi
gf (x) = g[f (x)] songsang antara satu sama lain.
fg(x) = gf(x) = x, thus functions f and g are the inverse
=g
7x
x–2 [ ] function of each other.
=
2
7x
x–2 ( ) 4 (a)
y 3 4 7 12 19
7x
x–2 ( ‒7 ) y
y=x
14x y = f (x)
= 20
7x ‒ 7x + 14
=x
15
\ fg(x) = gf (x) = x, maka fungsi f dan g ialah fungsi
fg(x) = gf(x) = x, thus functions f and g are the inverse 10
function of each other.
(d) fg(x) = f [g(x)]
y = f – 1 (x)
=f [ 7x
3 – 2x ] 5
=
3
7x
3 – 2x ( ) 0
5 10 15 20
x
7‒2
7x
3 – 2x ( )
21x Domain
= 0NxN4 3 N x N 19
21 ‒ 14x + 14x Domain
3x Julat
= 3 N y N 19 0NyN4
3 – 4x Range

gf (x) = g[f (x)]
(b)
=g
3x
[
7 – 2x ] y –4 3 4 5 12
y
=
7
3x
7 – 2x ( )
3‒2
3x
7 – 2x ( ) 15
y = f (x) y=x
21x
=
21 – 6x – 6x 10
7x
=
7 – 4x
5
\ fg(x) ≠ gf (x) ≠ x, maka fungsi f dan g bukan fungsi y = f – 1 (x)
fg(x) ≠ gf(x) ≠ x, thus functions f and g are not the inverse
x
function of each other. –5 0 5 10 15
(e) fg(x) = f [g(x)]
[ ]
4x –5
=f
3
=
3
4x
3 ( )
Domain
4 –2 N x N 2 –4 N x N 12
4x Domain
=
4 Julat
=x –4 N y N 12 –2 N y N 2
Range

J6
(c)
y 8 5 2 –1 –4 Praktis ke Arah SPM
Kertas 1
y Bahagian A/ Section A
1 Jenis hubungan: Hubungan banyak kepada satu
Type of relation: Relation of many-to-one
y=x
10 Julat/ Range: {p, r}
y = f (x)
2 (a) f[g(x)] = 2g(x) + 5
5 17 – 2x = 2g(x) + 5
y = f –1 (x) 2g(x) = ‒2x + 17 – 5
x –2x + 12
g(x) =
–5 0 5 10 2
= ‒x + 6
–5 gf (x) = g[f (x)]
= g(2x + 5)
= ‒(2x + 5) + 6
= ‒2x – 5 + 6
Domain = ‒2x + 1
–1 N x N 3 –4 N x N 8
Domain
Julat (b) gf (c2 – 1) = 3 – 6c
–4 N y N 8 –1 N y N 3 ‒2(c2 – 1) + 1 = 3 – 6c
Range
‒2c2 + 2 + 1 = 3 – 6c
5 (a) (‒7, 2) (b) (‒4, –3) (c) (3, 0) 2c2 – 6c = 0
c2 – 3c = 0
6 (a) Biar/ Let k = f (x) ‒1 c(c – 3) = 0
c = 0 atau/ or 3
f (k) = x
k + 11 = x
3 (a) Jadikan/ Let k = f ‒1(x)
k = x – 11
f (k) = x
\ f ‒1(x) = x – 11
p + qk = x
(b) Biar/ Let k = g‒1(x) qk = x – p
x–p
g(k) = x k =
q
5k = x
x–p
k= x ⇒ f ‒1(x) =
5 q
\ g‒1(x) = x (b) f ‒1(17) = ‒4
5
17 – p
(c) Biar/ Let k = h‒1(x) = ‒4
q
h(k) = x 17 – p = ‒4q ……➀
1
= x f (6) = ‒13
k–4
1 = kx – 4x p + 6q = ‒13 ……➁
1 + 4x = kx ➀ + ➁: 17 + 6q = ‒4q + (‒13)
1 + 4x 6q + 4q = ‒13 – 17
k =
x 10q = ‒30
1 + 4x q = ‒3
\ h (x) =
‒1
,x≠0
x q = ‒3 ↷ ➀, 17 – p = ‒4(‒3)
(d) Biar/ Let k = f ‒1(x) p = 17 – 12
=5
f(k) = x
1 \ p = 5, q = ‒3
= x
k–3
1 = kx – 3x Bahagian B/ Section B
1 + 3x = kx 4 (a) h(3) = 4
1 + 3x
k = 8
x =4
2(3) + q
1 + 3x
\ f ‒1(x) =
x
,x≠0 8 = 6 + q
4
(e) Biar/ Let k = h‒1(x) 6 + q = 2
q = ‒4
h(k) = x
3k + 5 = x g(3) = 2
3k = x – 5 3p – 4 = 2
x–5 3p = 6
k = p=2
3
x–5 \ p = 2, q = ‒4
\ h (x) =
‒1
3
J7
(b) g(y) = x ⇒ g‒1(x) = y Kertas 2

Jadikan/ Let k = g‒1(x) Bahagian A/ Section A
g(k) = x
2k – 4 = x 1 (a) f (x) = 15(60) + 20x
= 20x + 900
2k = x + 4
(b) f(x) = 20x + 900
x+4 x+4 f (1 400) = 20(1 400) + 900
k = ⇒ g‒1(x) =
2 2 = 28 000 + 900
x+4 8 4 = 28 900 saat/ seconds
(c) g‒1(x) = y = h(y) = =
2 2y – 4 y – 2 = (28 900 ÷ 60 ÷ 60) jam/ hours
1
hg‒1(x) = h (x +2 4) = 8 jam/ hours
36
(c) Jadikan/ Let f ‒1(x) = k
4
= 20k + 900 = x
x+4
‒2 20k = x – 900
2 x – 900 x – 900
8 k= ⇒ f ‒1(x) =
= 20 20
x+4–4
= 8 ⇒ hg‒1(x) = 8 , x ≠ 0 10 jam/ hours 30 minit/ minutes
x x = 10(60 × 60) + 30(60)
5 (a) (i) k(5) = 5 – 3(5) = 36 000 + 1 800
= 5 – 15 = 37 800 saat/ seconds
= ‒10
37 800 – 900
h(m + 2) = 1 k(5)
(ii) f ‒1(37 800) =
20
5
36 900
3(m + 2) – 2 = 1 (‒10) =
20
5
3m + 6 – 2 = ‒2 = 1 845 buah kereta mainan/ toy cars
3m = ‒6
m = ‒2
(iii) kh(x) = k[h(x)] Bab 2
= k(3x – 2)
= 5 – 3(3x – 2) 2.1 Persamaan dan Ketaksamaan Kuadratik
= 5 – 9x + 6 Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
= –9x + 11 1 (a)
x2 – 6x ‒ 7 = 0
(b) x 0 1 2 3 4 5 x2 – 6x + (‒3)2 – (‒3)2 – 7 = 0
(x – 3)2 – 9 – 7 = 0
y 11 2 –7 –16 –25 –34
(x – 3)2 = 16
x – 3 = ± 16
y x = 16 + 3 atau/ or ‒ 16 + 3
= 7.0000 atau/ or ‒1.0000
x2 + 5x ‒ 2 = 0
(b)
( ) ( )
x2 + 5x + 5 – 5 – 2 = 0
2 2
15 2 2
(
x+ 5 ‒ ) 25
2
‒2=0
10 2 4
(
x+ 5 = ) 33
2
kh(x) = –9x + 11
2 4
5
5
x + = ± 33
2 4
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x = 33 ‒ 5 atau/ or

4 2
–5
‒ 33 ‒ 5
4 2
–10 = 0.3723 atau/ or ‒5.3723
2y2 – 5y – 1 = 0
(c)
–15 y2 – 5 y ‒ 1 = 0
2 2
( ) ( )
y2 – 5 y + ‒ 5 – ‒ 5 ‒ 1 = 0
2 2
–20 2 4 4 2
( 5
) 25 1
2
y‒ ‒ ‒ =0
4 16 2
–25
( 5
) 33
2
y‒ =
4 16
–30 5
y ‒ = ± 33
4 16
–35 y = 33 + 5 atau/ or ‒ 33 + 5

16 4 16 4
= 2.6861 atau/ or ‒0.1861
Julat bagi y/ The range of y: ‒34 N y N 11
J8
2 (a) x2 – 4x – 3 = 0 → a = 1, b = ‒4, c ‒3 Luas/ Area = 9π

‒b ± b2 ‒ 4ac π(AO)(AO + VA) = 9π
x= (AO)(AO + VA) = 9
2a
=
4 ± (‒4)2 ‒ 4(1)(–3)
2(1)
5 ( )(5 )
4 VA 4 VA + VA = 9
=
4 ± 28 ( )( )
4 VA 9 VA = 9
5 5
2 36 2
VA = 9
4 + 28 4 – 28 25
= atau/ or 25
2 2 VA2 =
4
= 4.6458 atau/ or ‒0.6458 5
VA =
2
(b) 2x2 – 6x – 5 = 0 → a = 2, b = ‒6, c ‒5
x= ‒b ± b 2
‒ 4ac AB = AO + OB
2r = 2AO
VO = 3
5 ( )( 52 )
2a
(–6)2 ‒ 4(2)(–5) r = AO = 3
= 6 ± 2
2(2) = 4 5
5 2 ( )( )
6 ± 76 = 2
=
4
6 + 76 6 – 76 Isi padu/ Volume:
= atau/ or
4
= 3.6794 atau/ or ‒0.6794
4 1 π(AO2)(VO) = 1 π(22) 3
3 3 2 ( )
= 2π cm3
(c) → a = 1, b = 0, c ‒9
180 180
z = ‒b ± b ‒ 4ac
2 (c) (i) v = v + 10 =
t1 t2
2a
180 180
–4(1)(–9) t1 =
t2 =
= ± v v + 10
2(1)
± 36 (ii) t1 – t2 = 15 min
= 180 180
2 ‒ =1
v v + 10 4
36 – 36 180(v + 10) ‒ 180v 1
= atau/ or
2 2 =
v(v + 10) 4
= 3.0000 atau/ or ‒3.0000 4(180v + 1 800 – 180v) = v2 + 10v
7 200 = v2 + 10v
3 (a) (i) Jumlah luas permukaan = 210 v2 + 10v – 7 200 = 0
Total surface area (v + 90)(v – 80) = 0
2(2x + 3)(2x + 3) + 4(2x)(2x + 3) = 210 v = ‒90 atau/ or 80
2(4x2 + 12x + 9) + 4(4x2 + 6x) = 210
8x2 + 24x + 18 + 16x2 + 24x – 210 = 0 \ Oleh sebab v > 0, v = 80 km/j.

24x2 + 48x – 192 = 0 Because v > 0, v = 80 km/h.
x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 (iii) 15 jam 48 minit – 12 jam = 3.8 jam
(Ditunjukkan/ Shown) 15 hours 48 minutes – 12 hours = 3.8 hours
(ii) x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 180 180
(x + 4)(x – 2) = 0 + = 3.8 jam/ hours
v v + 10
x = ‒4 atau/ or 2 180(v + 10) + 180v 19
\ Oleh sebab panjang tidak boleh bernilai negatif, =
v(v + 10) 5
maka x = 2. 5(180v + 1 800 + 180v) = 19(v2 + 10v)
Because length cannot be negative value, thus x = 2. 1 800v + 9 000 = 19v2 + 190v
19v2 ‒ 1 610v – 9 000 = 0
(b) sin ÐVAB = 3
5
v = ‒(‒1 610) ± (‒1 610) ‒ 4(19)(‒9 000)
2
VO 3
= 2(19)
VA 5
1 610 ‒ 1 810 1 610 + 1 810
VO = 3 VA =
38
atau/ or
38
5
= ‒5.263 atau/ or 90
VA2 = VO2 + AO2
( )
VA2 = 3 VA + AO2
2
\ v > 0, maka/ then v = 90 km/j/ km/h.

5
9 (d) Dengan menggunakan Teorem Pythagoras,
AO2 = VA2 – VA2
25 By using Pythagoras’s Theorem,
16 (3x – 2)2 = x2 + 122
= VA2
25 9x2 – 12x + 4 = x2 + 144
AO = 4 VA 8x2 – 12x – 140 = 0 ,÷ 4
5 2x2 – 3x – 35 = 0
(2x + 7)(x – 5) = 0
x = ‒ 7 atau/ or 5
2
⇒ x > 0, maka/ then x = 5
J9
Panjang setiap sisi segi tiga : 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm

Julat x
Length of each side of the triangle Range of x
Luas/ Area = 1 × 5 × 12 x < ‒2 ‒2 < x < 3 x > 3
2 Jadual
= 30 cm2 Table (x + 2) – + +
Perimeter = 5 + 12 + 13 (x – 3) – – +
= 30 cm (x + 2)(x – 3) + – +

4 (a) HTP/ SOR: HDP/ POR: \ Oleh sebab (x + 2)(x – 3) < 0, maka julat nilai x ialah
‒ 7 + 1 = –14 + 3 = ‒ 11
3 2 6 6 ( )( )
‒7 1 =‒7
3 2 6
‒2 < x < 3.
Because (x + 2)(x – 3) < 0, thus the range of x is –2 < x < 3.
Persamaan kuadratik/ Quadratic equation: (b) x2 – 2x – 3 M 0 Apabila/ When (x + 1)(x – 3) = 0,
6 ( ) ( )
x2 – ‒ 11 x + ‒ 7 = 0
6
,×6 (x + 1)(x – 3) M 0 x = ‒1 atau/ or 3
y
6x2 + 11x – 7 = 0
(b) HTP/ SOR: HDP/ POR:
‒6 + (‒6) = ‒12 (‒6)(‒6) = 36 Lakaran graf
Persamaan kuadratik/ Quadratic equation: Graph
x2 – (‒12)x + 36 = 0 sketching x
–1 0 3
x2 + 12x + 36 = 0
–3
(c) HTP/ SOR: HDP/ POR:
2+5=7 2(5) = 10 (–)(–) = (+) (–)(+) = (–) (+)(+) = (+)
Persamaan kuadratik/ Quadratic equation:
x2 – 7x + 10 = 0 Garis nombor
Number line x
β+α –1 3
5 (a) 1 + 1 = x N ‒1 ‒1 N x N 3 xM3
α β αβ
Julat x
= 6 Range of x
2
=3 x N ‒1 ‒1 N x N 3 x M 3
Jadual
(b) α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 – 2αβ (x + 1) – + +
Table
= 62 – 2(2)
(x – 3) – – +
= 36 – 4
= 32 (x + 1)(x – 3) + – +

1 + 1 = β2 + α2
(c) \ Oleh sebab (x + 1)(x – 3) M 0, maka julat nilai x ialah
α2 β2 (αβ)2 x N ‒1 atau x M 3.
(α + β)2 ‒ 2αβ Because (x + 1)(x – 3) M 0, thus the range of x is
= x N –1 or x M 3.
(αβ)2
=
62 ‒ 2(2) (c) x‒ 9 <0 ,×x Apabila/ When (x + 3)(x – 3) = 0,
22 x
x2 ‒ 9 x = ‒3 atau/ or 3
= 32 <0
4 x
=8 (x + 3)(x – 3)
<0
x
6 (a) x2 – x – 6 < 0 Apabila/ When (x + 2)(x – 3) = 0, y
(x + 2)(x – 3) < 0 x = ‒2 atau/ or 3
y Lakaran
graf
–3
Graph x
sketching 0 3
Lakaran graf x
Graph –2 0 3
sketching
(–)(–) (+)(–) (+)(–) (+)(+)
= (–) = (+) = (–) = (+)
–6 Garis
(–) (–) (+) (+)
nombor
(–)(–) = (+) (–)(+) = (–) (+)(+) = (+) Number
x
line –3 0 3
Garis nombor x < ‒3 ‒3 < x < 0 0 < x < 3 x>3
Number line x
–2 3
x < ‒2 ‒2 < x < 3 x > 3
J10
2 (a) 2(px2 – 1) = x(x – 8)

Julat x
Range of x
2px2 – 2 = x2 – 8x
2px2 – x2 + 8x – 2 = 0
x < ‒3 ‒3 < x < 0 0 < x < 3 x > 3
(2p – 1)x2 + 8x – 2 = 0
(x + 3) – + + +
Jadual b2 – 4ac > 0
(x – 3) – – – +
Table
1 8 – 4(2p – 1)(‒2) > 0
2
– – + + 64 + 16p – 8 > 0
x
16p > ‒56
(x + 3)(x – 3)
x
– + – + p>‒ 7
2
(b) b2 – 4ac < 0
\ Oleh sebab (x + 3)(x – 3) < 0, maka julat nilai x ialah 32 – 4(p)(3) < 0
x
x < –3 atau 0 < x < 3. 9 – 12p < 0
(x + 3)(x – 3) ‒12p < ‒9
Because < 0, thus the range of x is x < –3 or
x p> 3
0 < x < 3. 4
(c) b2 – 4ac < 0
2.2 Jenis-jenis Punca Persamaan Kuadratik 22 – 4(2)(p) < 0
Types of Roots of Quadratic Equations 4 – 8p < 0
1 (a) y2 = 6y – 9 ⇒ y2 – 6y + 9 = 0 ‒8p < ‒4
Pembezalayan/ Discriminant: p> 1
2
b2 – 4ac = (‒6)2 – 4(1)(9)
= 36 – 36 (d) b2 – 4ac = 0
=0 (‒2p)2 – 4(1)(2p + 3) = 0
4p2 – 8p – 12 = 0 ,÷ 4
\ b2 – 4ac = 0, maka persamaan y2 = 6y – 9 mempunyai p2 – 2p – 3 = 0
dua punca nyata yang sama. (p + 1)(p – 3) = 0
b2 – 4ac = 0, thus equation y2 = 6y – 9 has two equal real p = ‒1 atau/ or 3
roots.
(b) Pembezalayan/ Discriminant: (e) x2 – 8px – 4x + 1 = 0
b2 – 4ac = (‒8)2 – 4(2)(3) x2 + (‒8p – 4)x + 1 = 0
= 64 – 24
= 40 b2 – 4ac = 0
(‒8p – 4)2 – 4(1)(1) = 0
\ b2 – 4ac > 0, maka persamaan 2x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 64p2 + 64p + 16 – 4 = 0
mempunyai dua punca nyata yang berbeza. 64p2 + 64p + 12 = 0 ,÷ 4
b2 – 4ac > 0, thus equation 2x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 has two 16p2 + 16p + 3 = 0
different real roots. (4p + 3)(4p + 1) = 0
(c) Pembezalayan/ Discriminant: p = ‒ 3 atau/ or ‒ 1
4 4
b2 – 4ac = (‒2)2 – 4(3)(9)
= 4 – 108 2 (a) ⇒ hx2 + h + k – (2h – k)x = 0
= ‒104 hx2 + (‒2h + k)x + (h + k) = 0
\ b2 – 4ac < 0, maka persamaan 3x2 – 2x + 9 = 0 b2 – 4ac = 0
tidak mempunyai punca nyata. (‒2h + k)2 – 4(h)(h + k) = 0
b2 – 4ac < 0, thus equation 3x2 – 2x + 9 = 0 has no real 4h2 – 4hk + k2 – 4h2 – 4hk = 0
roots. k2 – 8hk = 0
k2 = 8hk
(d) Pembezalayan/ Discriminant: k = 8h
b2 – 4ac = 102 – 4(1)(25) h=1
= 100 – 100
k 8
=0 h:k=1:8
\ b2 – 4ac = 0, maka persamaan x2 + 10x + 25 = 0 (b) b2 – 4ac = 0
mempunyai dua punca nyata yang sama. (4k)2 – 4(h2)(25) = 0
b2 – 4ac = 0, thus equation x2 + 10x + 25 = 0 has two equal 16k2 – 100h2 = 0
real roots. 16k2 = 100h2
4k = 10h
(e) ax2 + 2(a + 1)x + a + 2 = 0 ⇒ ax2 + (2a + 2)x + (a + 2) = 0
h=2
Pembezalayan/ Discriminant: k 5
b2 – 4ac = (2a + 2)2 – 4(a)(a + 2) h:k=2:5
= 4a2 + 8a + 4 – 4a2 – 8a
(c) b2 – 4ac = 0
=4
(‒7k)2 – 4(h)(h) = 0
\ b2 – 4ac > 0, maka persamaan ax2 + 2(a + 1)x + a + 49k2 – 4h2 = 0
2 = 0 mempunyai dua punca nyata yang berbeza. 49k2 = 4h2
b2 – 4ac > 0, thus equation ax2 + 2(a + 1)x + a + 2 = 0 has 7k = 2h
two different real roots. h=7

k 2
h:k=7:2
J11
Fungsi Kuadratik (b) (i) f (x)

2.3 f (x) = x2 – x + 12
Quadratic Functions 35
30
1 (a) (i) f(x) 25
f(x) = 3x2 + x – 6 20
14
15
12
10
10
5
8 x
6
f(x) = x2 + x – 6 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 –5
–10
2 f(x) = –3x2 – x + 12
–15
x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 –20
–2
–4 –25
–30
–6
–35
–8
–10
–12 Koordinat pintasan-y adalah tetap sama tetapi
–14 bentuk graf telah menjadi È kerana nilai a > 0.
The coordinates of the y-intercept remain the same but
Koordinat pintasan-y kekal sama dan bentuk graf the shape of the graph has become È because the value
tidak berubah, iaitu È tetapi kelebarannya telah of a > 0.
berkurang apabila nilai a telah bertambah dalam (ii) f (x)
graf a > 0. 35
The coordinates of the y-intercept remain the same and 30
the shape of the graph does not change, which is È but 25
its width has decreased when the value of a has increased 20
in the graph a > 0. 15
10
(ii) f(x) 5
14 x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12 –5
10 –10
f (x) = –3x2 – 3x + 12 f(x) = –3x2 – x + 12
8 –15
6 –20
f (x) = x2 + x – 6 –25
4
2 –30
x –35
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–2
–4 Koordinat pintasan-y dan bentuk graf tetap sama
–6 tetapi verteks bergerak lebih ke sebelah kiri
–8
–10
paksi-y kerana nilai b telah berkurang dalam graf
f(x) = x2 + 5x – 6
–12 a < 0.
–14 The coordinates of the y-intercept and the shape of the
graph remain the same but the vertex has moved more
to the left side of the y-axis because the value of b has
Koordinat pintasan-y dan bentuk graf tetap sama
decreased in the graph a < 0.
tetapi verteks bergerak lebih ke sebelah kiri
(iii) f(x)
paksi-y kerana nilai b telah bertambah dalam graf
a > 0. 35
The coordinates of the y-intercept and the shape of the 30
25
graph remain the same but the vertex has moved more
20
to the left side of the y-axis because the value of b has 15
increased in the graph a > 0. 10
(iii) f(x) 5
f (x) = x2 + x + 2 x
14 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–5
12 –10
10 f(x) = x2 + x – 6
–15 f (x) = –3x2 – x + 12
8 –20
6 –25
4 –30
2 –35
x f(x) = –3x2 – x – 3
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–2 Bentuk graf tetap sama tetapi koordinat pintasan-y
–4
–6
telah berubah dan kedudukan graf telah bergerak
–8 15 unit ke bawah kerana nilai c telah berkurang.
–10 The shape of the graph remains the same but the
–12 coordinates of the y-intercept has changed and the
–14 position of the graph has moved 15 units downwards
because the value of c has decreased.
Bentuk graf tetap sama tetapi koordinat pintasan-y
8 unit ke atas kerana nilai c telah bertambah.
The shape of the graph remains the same but the
coordinates of the y-intercept has changed and the
position of the graph has moved 8 units upwards because
the value of c has increased.
J12
(c) (i) f(x) 2 (a) Fungsi kuadratik mempunyai dua punca yang
8
nyata dan sama kerana graf fungsi menyilang paksi-x
7 pada satu titik sahaja.
6 The quadratic function has two real and equal roots because
5 the graph of function intersects the x-axis at one point only.
f(x) = –x2 – 3x + 3
4 (b) Fungsi kuadratik tidak mempunyai punca yang nyata
3
kerana graf fungsi tidak menyilang paksi-x.
2
1
The quadratic function has no real roots because the graph of
x function does not intersect the x-axis.
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1 (c) Fungsi kuadratik mempunyai dua punca yang nyata
–2 dan berbeza kerana graf fungsi menyilang paksi-x
–3 pada dua titik yang berbeza.
–4
The quadratic function has two real and different roots
–5
–6 because the graph of function intersects the x-axis at two
f (x) = –5x2 – 3x + 3 different points.
Koordinat pintasan-y kekal sama dan bentuk graf
3 (a) b2 – 4ac = 0
tidak berubah, iaitu Ç tetapi kelebarannya telah
(‒2p)2 – 4(p – 1)(5p – 3) = 0
berkurang apabila nilai a telah berkurang dalam
4p2 – 4(5p2 – 8p + 3) = 0
graf a < 0. 4p2 – 20p2 + 32p – 12 = 0
The coordinates of the y-intercept remain the same and
‒16p2 + 32p – 12 = 0 , ÷ (‒4)
the shape of the graph does not change, which is Ç but
its width has decreased when the value of a has decreased
4p2 – 8p + 3 = 0
in the graph a < 0. (2p – 1)(2p – 3) = 0
(ii) f(x) p = 1 atau/ or 3
2 2
8 (b) b2 – 4ac = 0
7 (4)2 – 4(p)(5 – p) = 0
6
5
16 – 20p + 4p2 = 0 ,÷4
4 p2 – 5p + 4 = 0
f(x) = –x2 – 3x + 3 3 f(x) = –x2 + 3x + 3 (p – 1)(p – 4) = 0
2 p = 1 atau/ or 4
1
x (c) f (x) = px2 + 2(p + 3)x + p + 7
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
–1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 = px2 + (2p + 6)x + p + 7
–2
–3 b2 – 4ac > 0
–4 (2p + 6)2 – 4(p)(p + 7) > 0
–5 4p2 + 24p + 36 – 4p2 – 28p > 0
–6 ‒4p + 36 > 0
‒4p > ‒36
Koordinat pintasan-y dan bentuk graf tetap sama p<9
tetapi verteks telah bergerak ke sebelah kanan
paksi-y kerana nilai b > 0 dalam graf a < 0. (d) f (x) = px2 + 2(p – 2)x + p + 1
The coordinates of the y-intercept and the shape of the = px2 + (2p – 4)x + p + 1
graph remain the same but the vertex has moved to the
b2 – 4ac < 0
right side of the y-axis because the value of b > 0 in the
(2p – 4)2 – 4(p)(p + 1) < 0
graph a < 0.
4p2 – 16p + 16 – 4p2 – 4p < 0
(iii) f(x)
–20p + 16 < 0
f (x) = –x – 3x + 6
2 8 ‒20p < ‒16
7
6 p> 4
5
5
4 (e) b2 – 4ac < 0
3 (4p)2 – 4(2p – 5)(2p + 7) < 0
2 16p2 – 4(4p2 + 4p – 35) < 0
1
x
16p2 – 16p2 – 16p + 140 < 0
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ‒16p + 140 < 0
–1
–2 –16p < ‒140
p > 35
–3
–4

4
–5
f(x) = –x2 – 3x + 3
–6
4 (a) f(x) = 2x2 – 3x – 10
Bentuk graf tetap sama tetapi koordinat pintasan-y ( )
= 2 x2 ‒ 3 x – 10
2
[ ( ) ( ) ] – 10
= 2 x2 ‒ 3 x + ‒ 3 – ‒ 3
2 2
3 unit ke atas kerana nilai c telah bertambah.

2 4 4
The shape of the graph remains the same but the
[( ) ]
= 2 x – 3 – 9 ‒ 10
2
coordinates of the y-intercept has changed and the

4 16
( )
position of the graph has moved 3 units upwards because
= 2 x – 3 – 9 ‒ 10
2
the value of c has increased.
4 8
( )
= 2 x – 3 – 11 1
2

4 8
\ a = 2, p = 3 , q = –11 1
4 8
J13
(b) f (x) = 6x – x2 – 8 a = 3 ↷ ➀, q = ‒3 – 3 = ‒ 27
= ‒x2 + 6x – 8 8 8 8
= ‒[x2 – 6x] – 8 \ Fungsi kuadratik bagi lengkung itu ialah
[ ( ) ( ) ]–8
= ‒ x2 – 6x + – 6 – – 6
2 2

2 2 f (x) = 3 (x – 1)2 ‒ 27 .
8 8
= ‒[(x ‒ 3)2 – 9] – 8 3
The quadratic function of the curve is f(x) = (x – 1)2
= ‒(x ‒ 3)2 + 9 – 8 27 8
= ‒(x ‒ 3)2 + 1 – .
8
\ a = ‒1, p = 3, q = 1 (d) Paksi simetri lengkung/ The axis of symmetry of the curve,
(c) f (x) = 4x – 2x2 – 5
= ‒2x2 + 4x – 5 [
p: ‒ –3 + (–4) = 7
2 2 ]
= ‒2[x2 – 2x] – 5
(
a 0 + 7 + q = ‒12)
2
[ ( ) ( ) ]–5
= ‒2 x2 – 2x + – 2 – – 2
Pada/ At (0, ‒12),
2 2
2
2 2 49 a + q = ‒12
= ‒2[(x ‒ 1)2 – 1] – 5
4
= ‒2(x ‒ 1)2 + 2 – 5
q = ‒12 – 49 a……➀
= ‒2(x ‒ 1)2 – 3 4
( 7
)
2
\ a = ‒2, p = 1, q = ‒3 Pada/ At (–3, 0), a ‒3 + +q=0

2
1a + q = 0
5 (a) f (x) = 2(x + 1)2 – 13 4
= 2(x2 + 2x + 1) – 13 q = ‒ 1 a……➁
4
= 2x2 + 4x + 2 – 13 ➀ = ➁:
= 2x2 + 4x – 11 ‒12 – 49 a = ‒ 1 a
4 4
(
(b) f(x) = ‒2 x + 5 + 57 )
2
4 8 12a = –12
a=–1
( 2 16 )
= ‒2 x2 + 5 x + 25 + 57
8

a = –1 ↷ ➀, q = ‒12 – 49 (–1) = 1
= ‒2x2 ‒ 5x ‒ 25 + 57 4 4
8 8
= ‒2x2 ‒ 5x + 4 \ Fungsi kuadratik bagi lengkung itu ialah
(
f(x) = – x + 7 + 1 . )
2
(c) f (x) = (x – 2)2 + 6
= (x2 – 4x + 2) + 6 2 4
7 2 1
= x2 ‒ 4x + 8 The quadratic function of the curve is f(x) = – x + ( 2) + .
4
6 (a) Titik minimum lengkung ialah (‒1, 6), maka p = 1 dan
q = 6. 7 (a) (i) f (x)
The minimum point of the curve is (–1, 6), thus p = 1 and q = 6. 4

f (x) = 6(x + 1)2 – 5
3
Pada/ At (0, 4), a(0 + 1)2 + 6 = 4 2
a = ‒2 1
\ Fungsi kuadratik bagi lengkung itu ialah f (x) = 0 x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2–1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
‒2(x + 1)2 + 6. –2
The quadratic function of the curve is f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 6. –3
–4
(b) Titik minimum lengkung ialah (2, 3), maka p = –2 dan (–1, –5) –5
q = 3. f (x) = –(x + 1)2 – 5
–6
–7
The minimum point of the curve is (2, 3), thus p = –2 and q = 3. –8
–9
Pada/ At (0, 5), a(0 – 2)2 + 3 = 5 –10
4a = 2 –11
a= 1 –12
2
Koordinat verteks dan paksi simetri adalah tetap
\ Fungsi kuadratik bagi lengkung itu ialah f (x) =
1 (x – 2)2 + 3. sama tetapi bentuk graf telah menjadi È kerana
2 nilai a > 0.
1
The quadratic function of the curve is f(x) = (x – 2)2 + 3. The coordinates of the vertex and the axis of symmetry
2
remain the same but the shape of the graph has become
(c) Paksi simetri lengkung/ The axis of symmetry of the curve, È because the value of a > 0.
(
p: ‒ –2 + 4 = ‒1
2 ) (ii) f(x)
4
Pada/ At (0, ‒3), a(0 ‒ 1)2 + q = ‒3 3
a + q = ‒3 2
1
q = ‒3 – a……➀ x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pada/ At (‒2, 0), a(‒2 ‒ 1)2 + q = 0 –1
–2
9a + q = 0 –3
q = ‒9a ……➁ –4
(–1, –5) (3, –5)
–5
➀ = ➁: –6
‒3 – a = ‒9a f (x) = –(x + 1) – 5
2
f (x) = –(x – 3)2 – 5
–7
8a = 3 –8
–9
a= 3 –10
8 –11
–12
J14
Bentuk graf tetap sama tetapi graf telah bergerak Bentuk graf tetap sama tetapi graf telah bergerak
secara mengufuk 4 unit ke kanan kerana nilai h secara mengufuk 4 unit ke kiri kerana nilai h telah
telah bertambah dan paksi simetri telah menjadi berkurang dan paksi simetri telah menjadi x = ‒1
x = 3 dengan koordinat verteks (3, ‒5). dengan koordinat verteks (‒1, 5).
The shape of the graph remains the same but the graph The shape of the graph remains the same but the graph
has moved horizontally 4 units to the right because has moved horizontally 4 units to the left because
the value of h has increased and the axis of symmetry the value of h has decreased and the axis of symmetry
becomes x = 3 with the coordinates of the vertex (3, –5). becomes x = –1 with the coordinates of the vertex (–1, 5).
(iii) f(x) (iii) f(x)
4
3 45
2 40
f(x) = 2(x – 3)2 – 2 f(x) = 2(x – 3)2 + 5
1
(–1, 0) 35
x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 30
–1
–2 25
f (x) = –(x + 1)2
–3 20
–4 15
(–1, –5)
–5
–6 10 (3, 5)
–7 5
–8 x
–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–10 –5 (3, –2)
–11
–12
f (x) = –(x + 1)2 – 5 Paksi simetri dan bentuk graf adalah tetap sama
tetapi koordinat verteks telah menjadi (3, ‒2)
Paksi simetri dan bentuk graf adalah tetap sama
dengan graf bergerak secara menegak 7 unit ke
tetapi koordinat verteks telah menjadi (‒1, 0)
bawah kerana nilai k telah berkurang.
dengan graf bergerak secara menegak 5 unit ke
The axis of symmetry and the shape of the graph remain
atas kerana nilai k telah bertambah. the same but the coordinates of the vertex has become
The axis of symmetry and the shape of the graph remain (3, –2) with the graph moving vertically 7 units downwards
the same but the coordinates of the vertex had become because the value of k has decreased.
(–1, 0) with the graph moving vertically 5 units upwards
because the value of k has increased. (c) (i) f (x)
(b) (i) f(x)
4
f (x) = 5(x – 3)2 + 5 2
45 x
40 –12–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
f(x) = 2(x – 3)2 + 5 –2
35
–4
30
–6
25
–8
20 (–5, –10)
–10
15 –12
10 –14
f (x) = –2(x + 5)2 – 10
5 –16
(3, 5)
x –18
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 f(x) = –5(x + 5)2 – 10
–5
Koordinat verteks, paksi simetri dan bentuk graf
Koordinat verteks, paksi simetri dan bentuk graf adalah tetap sama tetapi kelebaran graf telah
adalah tetap sama tetapi kelebaran graf telah berkurang kerana nilai a telah berkurang dalam
berkurang kerana nilai a telah bertambah dalam graf a < 0.
graf a > 0. The coordinates of the vertex, the axis of symmetry and
The coordinates of the vertex, the axis of symmetry and the shape of the graph remain the same but the width
the shape of the graph remain the same but the width of the graph has decreased because the value of a has
of the graph has decreased because the value of a has decreased in graph a < 0.
increased in graph a > 0. (ii) f (x)
(ii) f(x)
4
2
45
x
40 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
–2
35
–4
30
–6
25
–8
20 (–5, –10) (4, –10)
–10
15
–12
10 f (x) = –2(x + 5)2 – 10 f (x) = –2(x – 4)2 – 10
f (x) = 2(x + 1)2 + 5 f(x) = 2(x – 3)2 + 5 –14
5
(–1, 5) (3, 5) –16
x
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 –18
–5
J15
Bentuk graf tetap sama tetapi graf telah bergerak (i) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = 1 + 2 = 3
secara mengufuk 9 unit ke kanan kerana nilai h Koordinat verteks baharu/ New coordinates of vertex:
telah bertambah dan paksi simetri telah menjadi (3, ‒3)
x = 4 dengan koordinat verteks (4, ‒10). (ii) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = 1
The shape of the graph remains the same but the graph
Koordinat verteks baharu/ New coordinates of vertex:
has moved horizontally 9 unit to the right because
[1, (‒3 + 1)] = (1, ‒2)
the value of h has increased and the axis of symmetry
becomes x = 4 with the coordinates of the vertex (4, –10).
(iii) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = 1 – 2(1) = ‒1
(iii) f(x) (‒1, ‒3)
4
(–5, 2)
2
(c) f (x)
f (x) = 4(x – 3)2 + 1
x
–12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
–2
f (x) = –2(x + 5)2 + 2
–4
–6
–8
(–5, –10)
–10
–12
(3, 1)
–14 x
–16 0
–18 Koordinat verteks asal, (h, k): (3, 1)
f (x) = –2(x + 5) – 10
2
Original coordinates of the vertex, (h, k)
Paksi simetri dan bentuk graf adalah tetap sama (i) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = 3 – 3
tetapi koordinat verteks telah menjadi (‒5, 2) =0
dengan graf bergerak secara menegak 12 unit ke Koordinat verteks baharu/ New coordinates of vertex:
atas kerana nilai k telah bertambah. (0, 1)
The axis of symmetry and the shape of the graph remain (ii) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = 3
the same but the coordinates of the vertex has become
(–5, 2) with the graph moving vertically 12 units upwards Koordinat verteks baharu/ New coordinates of vertex:
because the value of k has increased. [3, (1 – 6)] = (3, ‒5)
(iii) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = 3 – 2(3)
8 (a) f(x) = ‒3
(‒3, 1)
f (x) = (x + 3)2 – 1 9 (a) f (x) = 2x – x2 – 5 ⇒ f (x) = ‒x2 + 2x – 5

Jenis punca bagi graf fungsi:
Type of roots for the graph of function:
x b2 – 4ac = 22 – 4(‒1)(‒5)
0 = 4 – 20
(–3, –1) = ‒16
\ b2 – 4ac < 0, maka fungsi tidak ada punca yang nyata.
Koordinat verteks asal, (h, k): (‒3, ‒1) b2 – 4ac < 0, thus the function does not have real roots.
Apabila/ When x = 0, f(0) = 2(0) – (0)2 – 5
(i) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = ‒3 + 3 = 0
= ‒5
Koordinat verteks baharu/ New coordinates of vertex: \ Pintasan-y/ y-intercept: ‒5
(0, ‒1) Daripada fungsi kuadratik, a = ‒1. a < 0, maka fungsi
(ii) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = ‒3 mempunyai titik maksimum.
From the quadratic function, a = –1. a < 0, thus the function
has a maximum point.
[‒3, (‒1 – 4)] = (‒3, ‒5)
(iii) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry: x = ‒3 Persamaan dalam bentuk verteks:
Equation in vertex form:
Koordinat verteks baharu/ New coordinates of vertex: f (x) = ‒x2 + 2x – 5
[‒3, (‒1 + 2)] = (‒3, 1) = ‒[x2 – 2x] – 5
(b) = ‒[x2 – 2x + (‒1)2 – (‒1)2] – 5
f(x)
= ‒[(x – 1)2 – 1] – 5
x = ‒(x – 1)2 + 1 – 5
0 = ‒(x – 1)2 – 4
Graf/ Graph:
(1, –3) f (x)
x
0 (1, –4)
–5
f(x) = –(x – 1)2 – 3
f(x) = 2x – x2 – 5
Koordinat verteks asal, (h, k): (1, ‒3)

\ Koordinat titik maksimum: (1, ‒4)
The coordinates of maximum point
J16
(b) f(x) = x(x ‒ 3) + 2(x – 1) ⇒ f (x) = x2 ‒ 3x + 2x – 2 Graf/ Graph:

= x2 – x – 2 f (x)
Jenis punca bagi graf fungsi: f (x) = x2 – 2x
Type of roots for the graph of function:
b2 – 4ac = (‒1)2 – 4(1)(‒2)
x
=1+8 0 2
=9
\ b2 – 4ac > 0, maka fungsi mempunyai dua punca
(1, –1)
yang nyata dan berbeza.
b – 4ac > 0, thus the function has two real and different
2 \ Koordinat titik minimum: (1, ‒1)
roots. The coordinates of minimum point
Apabila/ When x = 0, f (0) = (0)2 – (0) – 2
= ‒2 10 (a) Apabila/ When s(t) = 0, ‒8t2 + 7t + 12 = 0
\ Pintasan-y/ y-intercept: ‒2
t = ‒7 ± 7 ‒ 4(‒8)(12)
2
Daripada fungsi kuadratik, a = 1. a > 0, maka fungsi 2(‒8)

mempunyai titik minimum. ‒7 ± 433
=
From the quadratic function, a = 1. a > 0, thus the function
‒16
has a minimum point.
= ‒7 – 433 atau/ or ‒7 + 433
Persamaan dalam bentuk verteks: ‒16 ‒16
Equation in vertex form: = 1.738 atau/ or ‒0.863
f(x) = x2 – x – 2
\ t > 0, maka/ thus t = 1.738 s.
[ ( ) ( ) ]–2
= x2 – x + ‒ 1 – ‒ 1
2
2
2
2
(b) v = 3t(4 – t)
[( ) ]
= x ‒ 1 – 1 – 2
2
2
4
= 12t – 3t2
= ‒3t2 + 12t
= x ‒ 1
2( )
2
– 21
4
= ‒3(t2 – 4t)
= ‒3[t2 – 4t + (‒2)2 – (‒2)2]
Graf/ Graph: = ‒3[(t – 2)2 – 4]
f(x) = ‒3(t – 2)2 + 12
Titik maksimum/ Maximum point: (2, 12)
f (x) = x(x – 3) + 2(x – 1)
\ Zarah itu mempunyai halaju maksimum 12 m/s
x
–1 0 2 pada 2 s.
The particle has a maximum velocity of 12 m/s at 2 s.
–2
(c) (i) QD = 10 – 2x, PC = 10 – x
( 1
2
, –2
1
4 )

L(x) = ABCD – ADQ – ABP – CPQ
= 10(10) – 1 (10)(10 – 2x) – 1 (10)(x) –
2 2
\ Koordinat titik minimum: 1 , –2 1
2 4 ( ) 1 (2x)(10 – x)
2
The coordinates of minimum point = 100 – (50 – 10x) – 5x – (10x – x2)
(c) Jenis punca bagi graf fungsi: = 100 – 50 + 10x – 5x – 10x + x2
Type of roots for the graph of function: = x2 – 5x + 50 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
b2 – 4ac = (‒2)2 – 4(1)(0) (ii) L(x) = x2 – 5x + 50
= x2 – 5x + ‒ 5 – ‒ 5 ( ) ( ) + 50
2 2
=4
2 2
\ b2 – 4ac > 0, maka fungsi mempunyai dua punca
(
= x ‒ 5 – 25 + 50)
2
yang nyata dan berbeza.
b2 – 4ac > 0, thus the function has two real and different
2 4
(
= x ‒ 5 + 43 3 )
2
roots.
2 4
Apabila/ When x = 0, f (0) = (0)2 – 2(0)
\ Nilai minimum bagi x ialah 5 dan luasnya ialah

=0 2
\ Pintasan-y/ y-intercept: 0 43 3 cm2.
4 5 3
The minimum value of x is 2
and its area is 43 cm .
Daripada fungsi kuadratik, a = 1. a > 0, maka fungsi 2 4
mempunyai titik minimum.
From the quadratic function, a = 1. a > 0, thus the function (d) (i) Hipotenus segi tiga/ Hypothenuse of the triangle:
has a minimum point. (4x)2 + (3x)2 = 16x2 + 9x2
= 25x2
Persamaan dalam bentuk verteks:
= 5x
Equation in vertex form:
f(x) = x2 – 2x 3x + 4x + 5x + 4(y) = 48
= x2 – 2x + (‒1)2 – (‒1)2 12x + 4y = 48
= (x –1)2 – 1 4y = 48 – 12x , ÷4
y = 12 – 3x
J17
[
(ii) A = 1 (3x)(4x) + y2
2 ] 3 kx(x – 1) = 5m – x
kx2 – kx – 5m + x = 0
= 6x2 + y2 kx2 – kx + x – 5m = 0
= 6x2 + (12 – 3x)2 kx2 ‒ (k – 1)x – 5m = 0
= 6x2 + 144 – 72x + 9x2
= 15x2 – 72x + 144 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown) ( )
x2 – k – 1 x – 5m = 0
k k
5 [
A = 15 x2 – 24 x + 144 ] α + β =k–1
2 2 k
[ ( ) ( )]
= 15 x2 – 24 x + – 24 – – 24 + 144
2 2
α+β=1– 1
5 10 10
2 k
[(
= 15 x – 12 – 144 + 144 ) ]
2
8 =1– 1
5 25
2 k
(
= 15 x – 12 – 86 2 + 144 )
2
1 =1–4
5 5
k
(
= 15 x – 12 + 57 3 )
2
5 5 k=‒ 1
3
\ Luas A ialah 57 3 cm2 apabila x = 12 .

5
Area A is 57
3
5
cm2 when x =
12
.
2 2( )( )
α β = – 5m
k
5 5 αβ = ‒ 5m
4
(e) (i) f(0) = 32 ‒1
(0)2 – 8(0) + 2p + 20 = 32 3
2p + 20 = 32 15m = 4
2p = 12 4
p=6 m= 1
15
(ii) f(x) = x2 – 8x + 2p + 20
= x2 – 8x + 2(6) + 20 4 (a) Berdasarkan graf, koordinat titik minimum bagi
= x2 – 8x + 32 lengkung y = a(x – 2)2 + b ialah (2, ‒32), maka b = ‒32.
= x2 – 8x + (‒4)2 – (‒4)2 + 32 Based on the graph, the coordinates of the minimum point for
= (x – 4)2 – 16 + 32 curve y = a(x – 2)2 + b are (2, –32), thus b = –32.
= (x – 4)2 + 16 ⇒ y = a(x – 2)2 – 32
\ Jarak antara M dan N ialah 16 unit. Apabila/ When x = 6, a(6 – 2)2 – 32 = 0
The distance between M and N is 16 units. 16a = 32
a=2
Praktis ke Arah SPM \ a = 2, b = ‒32
(b) Apabila/ When x = 8, y = |2(8 – 2)2 – 32|
Kertas 1 = |2(6)2 – 32|
Bahagian A/ Section A = |72 – 32|
= 40
1 x2 + px + 16 = 3x Berdasarkan graf, nilai minimum bagi y ialah 0, maka
x2 + px – 3x + 16 = 0 julat nilai y dalam domain 2 N x N 8 ialah 0 N y N 40.
x2 + (p – 3)x + 16 = 0 Based on the graph, the minimum value of y is 0, thus the
b2 – 4ac = 0 range of values of y in the domain 2 N x N 8 is 0 N y N 40.
(p – 3)2 – 4(1)(16) = 0
p2 – 6p + 9 – 64 = 0 Kertas 2
p2 – 6p – 55 = 0 Bahagian A/ Section A
(p + 5)(p – 11) = 0
p = ‒5 atau/ or 11 1 (a) Paksi simetri/ Axis of symmetry = 4
‒(‒3h) = 4
2 (a) x(x + 3) > 4 h= 4
3
x2 + 3x – 4 > 0 Pada/ At (‒1, 0),
(x + 4)(x – 1) > 0 g(‒1) = 0
[ ( )]
2
(‒1) – 3 4 – 2k = 0
3
x (‒5)2 = 2k
–4 1
\ x < ‒4 atau/ or x > 1 k = 25
2
(b) (2x – 3)(x + 5) > x + 5
[ ( )] ( )
4 25
2
2x2 + 7x – 15 – x – 5 > 0 (b) g(x) = x – 3 –2
3 2
2x2 + 6x – 20 > 0 , ÷2
= (x – 4) – 25 2
x2 + 3x – 10 > 0
Titik minimum/ Minimum point = (4, ‒25)
(x + 5)(x – 2) > 0
Apabila/ When x = 0, g(0) = (‒4)2 – 25 = ‒9
Apabila/ When x = ‒2, g(‒2) = (‒6)2 – 25 = 11
x Apabila/ When x = 10, g(10) = (6)2 – 25 = 11
–5 2
\ x < ‒5 atau/ or x > 2
J18
g(x) (c) P = 1 400

g(x) = (x – 4)2 – 25 15 345 + 50x – 645 = 1 400
x
11 15 345 + 50x = 2 045, ×x
x
15 345 + 50x2 = 2 045x
x 50x2 – 2 045x + 15 345 = 0 ,÷5
–2 –1 0 4 9 10 10x2 – 409x + 3 069 = 0 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
(d) 10x2 – 409x + 3 069 = 0
(10x – 99)(x – 31) = 0
–9
x = 99 atau/ or 31
10
\ Oleh sebab bilangan buku ialah suatu integer, maka
–25 x = 31.
(4, –25) Because the number of books is an integer, thus x = 31.
(c) Apabila g(x) = (x – 4)2 – 25 dipantulkan pada paksi-y,

fungsi menjadi g(‒x). Bab 3
When g(x) = (x – 4)2 – 25 is reflected in the y-axis, the function
becomes g(–x). 3.1 Sistem Persamaan Linear dalam Tiga Pemboleh Ubah
Systems of Linear Equations in Three Variables
Persamaan baharu/ New equation: g(‒x) = (‒x – 4)2 – 25
2 (a) f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 9 1 (a) 5x + 3y + 2z = 40
( )
= 2 x2 + 3 x – 9
2
(b) 81a + 9b + c = ‒2
(c) x + 2y + 3z = 62
[ ( ) ( )]
= 2 x2 + 3 x + 3 – 3 – 9
2 2
2 (a) 6x + 4y – z = ‒31 ……➀
2 4 4
x + y + 6z = 14 …….....➁
[( ) ]
=2 x+ 3 – 9 –9
2
‒x – 6z = ‒20 …….......➂
4 16
➁ + ➂: y = 14 + (‒20)
( )
=2 x+ 3 – 9 –9
2
= ‒6
4 8
( )
= 2 x + 3 – 10 1
y = ‒6 ↷ ➀, 6x + 4(‒6) – z = ‒31
2
6x – 24 – z = ‒31
4 8
6x – z = ‒7 …… ➃
3
⇒ a = 2, h = , k = – 81 atau/ or ‒10 1
4 8 8 y = ‒6 ↷ ➁, x + (‒6) + 6z = 14
x + 6z = 20 …… ➄
(b) a > 0, maka fungsi mempunyai titik minimum dan
➃ × 6: 36x – 6z = ‒42 ……➅
koordinat titik minimum ialah ‒ 3 , ‒10 1 .
4 8 ( ) ➄ + ➅: x + 36x = 20 + (‒42)
a > 0, thus the function has a minimum point and the 37x = ‒22
3 1
coordinates of the minimum point are – , –10 .
4 8 ( ) x = ‒ 22
37
(c) f(x) x = ‒ 22 ↷ ➄, ‒ 22 + 6z = 20
37 37
6z = 762
f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 9 37
x z = 127
–3 0 3 37
2
\ x = ‒ 22 , y = ‒6, z = 127
37 37
(b) 2x + 5y + 2z = ‒38 ……➀
–9 3x – 2y + 4z = 17 ……...➁
‒6x + y – 7z = ‒12 ……➂
(
‒ 3 , ‒10 1
4 8 ) ➀ × 3: 6x + 15y + 6z = ‒114 ……➃
➁ × 2: 6x – 4y + 8z = 34 …… ➄
3 (a) Biar x sebagai bilangan buku yang dibeli oleh Jeffrey. ➂ + ➃: y + 15y ‒ 7z + 6z = ‒12 + (‒114)
Let x be the number of books bought by Jeffrey. 16y – z = ‒126 ……➅
➂ + ➄: y – 4y – 7z + 8z = ‒12 + 34
Kos sebuah buku/ The cost of a book: 1 023 ‒3y + z = 22 ……➆
x
➅ + ➆: 16y – 3y = ‒126 + 22
Jumlah wang daripada jualan 15 buah buku pertama: 13y = ‒104
The total amount of money from the sales of the first 15 books: y = ‒8
(
x x )
15 1 023 + 7 = 15 345 + 105

y = ‒8 ↷ ➆, ‒3(‒8) + z = 22
24 + z = 22
(b) Jumlah wang daripada jualan semua buku, P: z = ‒2
The total amount of money from the sales of all books, P: y = ‒8, z = ‒2 ↷ ➂, ‒6x – 8 – 7(‒2) = ‒12
(15 x345 + 105) + 50(x – 15)

‒6x – 8 + 14 = ‒12
‒6x = ‒12 – 6
‒6x = ‒18
= 15 345 + 105 + 50x – 750 x=3
x
= 15 345 + 50x – 645 \ x = 3, y = ‒8, z = ‒2
x
J19
(c) x – y + 3z = 3 ……➀ (c) 2x + 2y + 2z = ‒2 ……➀

‒2x + 2y – 6z = 6 ……➁ 2x + 3y + 2z = 4 ………➁
y – 5z = ‒3 ……➂ x + y + z = ‒1 …………➂
➁ ÷ 2: ‒x + y – 3z = 3 …… ➃ Daripada/ From ➀: 2x + 2y + 2z = ‒2
2x + 2z = ‒2 – 2y ……➃
➀ + ➃: x – x – y + y + 3z – 3z = 3 + 3 x + z = ‒1 – y ……➄
0=6
\ Kerana 0 ≠ 6, maka sistem persamaan linear ini ➃ ↷ ➁, (‒2 – 2y) + 3y = 4
y=4+2
tiada penyelesaian.
Because 0 ≠ 6, thus this system of linear equations has no
=6
solution. y = 6 & ➄ ↷ ➂, (‒1 – 6) + 6 = ‒1
3 (a) x – 2y + 3z = 7 ⇒ x = 2y – 3z + 7 ……➀ ‒1 = ‒1
0=0
2x + y + z = 4 ……➁
\ Kerana 0 = 0, maka sistem persamaan linear ini
‒3x + 2y – 2z = ‒10 ……➂
mempunyai penyelesaian tak terhingga.
➀ ↷ ➁, 2(2y – 3z + 7) + y + z = 4 Because 0 = 0, thus the system of linear equations has
4y – 6z + 14 + y + z = 4 infinite solutions.
5y – 5z = ‒10
5(y – z) = ‒10 4 (a) Biar x, y dan z sebagai jumlah pelaburan dalam akaun
y – z = ‒2 bank dengan kadar faedah 4%, 5.5% dan 6% masing-
z = y + 2 ……➃ masing.
Let x, y and z be the total investment in the bank accounts
➀ ↷ ➂, ‒3(2y – 3z + 7) + 2y – 2z = ‒10 with an interest rate of 4%, 5.5% and 6% respectively.
‒6y + 9z – 21 + 2y – 2z = ‒10
x + y + z = 24 500 ……➀
‒4y + 7z = 11 …… ➄
0.04x + 0.055y + 0.06z = 1 300 ……➁
➃ ↷ ➄, ‒4y + 7(y + 2) = 11 x = 4y ……➂
‒4y + 7y + 14 = 11
Melalui kaedah penggantian,
3y = ‒3
Through substitution method,
y = ‒1
➂ ↷ ➀, 4y + y + z = 24 500
y = ‒1 ↷ ➃, z=y+2 5y + z = 24 500
= ‒1 + 2 z = 24 500 – 5y ……➃
=1
➂ ↷ ➁, 0.04(4y) + 0.055y + 0.06z = 1 300
y = ‒1 & z = 1 ↷ ➀, x = 2y – 3z + 7 0.16y + 0.055y + 0.06z = 1 300
= 2(‒1) – 3(1) + 7 0.215y + 0.06z = 1 300 ……➄
= ‒2 – 3 + 7
➃ ↷ ➄, 0.215y + 0.06(24 500 – 5y) = 1 300
=2
0.215y + 1 470 – 0.3y = 1 300
\ x = 2, y = ‒1, z = 1 ‒0.085y = ‒170
y = 2 000
(b) 1 x + 1 y = 4 , × 6 ⇒ 3x + 2y = 24……➀
2 3 y = 2 000 ↷ ➃, z = 24 500 – 5(2 000)
1y ‒ 1 z = 1 , × 4 ⇒ 2y – z = 4……➁ = 24 500 – 10 000
2 4 = 14 500
1x + 1 z = 5 , × 4 ⇒ x + 2z = 20……➂
4 2 y = 2 000 ↷ ➂, x = 4(2 000)
= 8 000
Daripada/ From ➀: 3x + 2y = 24
2y = 24 – 3x \ Sofea melaburkan RM8 000 ke dalam akaun bank
y = 24 – 3x…… ➃ dengan kadar faedah 4%, RM2 000 ke dalam akaun
2 bank dengan kadar faedah 5.5% dan RM14 500 ke
Daripada/ From ➂: x + 2z = 20 dalam akaun bank dengan kadar faedah 6%.
Sofea invested RM8 000 into the bank account with 4%
2z = 20 – x
interest rate, RM2 000 into the bank account with 5.5%
z = 20 – x……➄ interest rate and RM14 500 into the bank account with 6%
2
interest rate.
( 2 ) (
➃ & ➄ ↷ ➁, 2 24 – 3x – 20 – x = 4
2 ) (b) Pada/ At (‒2, 40):

40 = a(‒2)2 + b(‒2) + c
= 4a – 2b + c ……➀
48 ‒ 6x ‒ 20 + x = 4
2 Pada/ At (1, 7): 7 = a(1)2 + b(1) + c
‒5x + 28 = 8 = a + b + c ……➁
‒5x = ‒20
Pada/ At (3, 15): 15 = a(3)2 + b(3) + c
x=4
= 9a + 3b + c ……➂
x = 4 ↷ ➃, y = 24 – 3(4) = 6
2 Melalui kaedah penghapusan,
x = 4 ↷ ➄, z = 20 – 4 = 8 Through elimination method,
2 ➀ – ➁: 33 = 3a – 3b
\ x = 4, y = 6, z = 8 11 = a – b ……➃
➂ – ➁: 8 = 8a + 2b
4 = 4a + b ……➄
➃ + ➄: 15 = 5a
a=3
J20
a = 3 ↷ ➄, 4 = 4(3) + b \ Penyelesaian bagi persamaan serentak ini ialah

b = 4 – 12
= ‒8 5 5 ( ) ( )
6 , 2 dan 1, 1 .
2
The solutions for these simultaneous equations are
a = 3 & b = ‒8 ↷ ➁, 7 = 3 + (‒8) + c
c=7+5
6 2
,
5 5 ( ) ( )
and 1, .
1
2
= 12 (b) 3x + y2 – 4y = 24………➀
2
\ Fungsi kuadratik/ Quadratic function: y = 3x2 – 8x + 12 4y – 4x = 24 ⇒y–x=6

x = y – 6………➁
(c) Biar t, m dan d sebagai bilangan bunga teluki, bilangan
bunga mawar dan bilangan bunga daisi masing- Dengan kaedah penggantian/ By substitution method,
masing. ➁ ↷ ➀, 3(y – 6)2 + y2 – 4y = 24
Let t, m and d be the number of carnations, the number of 3(y2 – 12y + 36) + y2 – 4y = 24
roses and the number of daisies respectively. 3y2 – 36y + 108 + y2 – 4y = 24
4y2 – 40y + 84 = 0 ,÷4
t + m + d = 200 ……➀
y2 – 10y + 21 = 0
1.5t + 5.75m + 2.6d = 589.5 ……➁ (y – 3)(y – 7) = 0
d – m = 20 ⇒ d = m + 20 ……➂ y = 3 atau/ or 7
Melalui kaedah penggantian, y = 3 ↷ ➁, x=3–6
Through substitution method, = –3
➂ ↷ ➀, t + m + (m + 20) = 200 y = 7 ↷ ➁, x = 7 – 6
t + 2m = 180 =1
t = 180 – 2m ……➃ \ Penyelesaian bagi persamaan serentak ini ialah
➂ & ➃ ↷ ➁, (–3, 3) dan (1, 7).
1.5(180 – 2m) + 5.75m + 2.6(m + 20) = 589.5 The solutions for these simultaneous equations are (–3, 3)
270 – 3m + 5.75m + 2.6m + 52 = 589.5 and (1, 7).
5.35m + 322 = 589.5 (c) 8x2 – 27y2 = 45 ……➀
5.35m = 267.5 3(4x – 3y) = 45 ⇒ 4x – 3y = 15
m = 50 3y = 4x – 15
m = 50 ↷ ➂, d = 50 + 20 y = 4x – 15 ……➁
= 70 3
m = 50 ↷ ➃, t = 180 – 2(50) Dengan kaedah penggantian/ By substitution method,
( )
2
= 180 – 100 ➁ ↷ ➀, 8x2 – 27 4x – 15 = 45
= 80 3
\ Restoran itu telah menempah 80 kuntum bunga
teluki, 50 kuntum bunga mawar dan 70 kuntum

3
(
8x2 – 27 16x ‒ 120x + 225 = 45
2
19
)
8x2 – 3(16x2 – 120x + 225) = 45
bunga daisi.
The restaurant has booked 80 carnations, 50 roses and 70 8x2 – 48x2 + 360x – 675 – 45 = 0
daisies. –40x2 + 360x – 720 = 0 , ÷ (‒40)
x2 – 9x + 18 = 0
Persamaan Serentak yang Melibatkan Satu (x – 3)(x – 6) = 0
Persamaan Linear dan Satu Persamaan Tak Linear x = 3 atau/ or 6
3.2 4(3) – 15
Simultaneous Equations Involving One Linear Equation and x = 3 ↷ ➁, y =
One Non-Linear Equation 3
1 (a) x + 2y = 2 ⇒ x = 2 – 2y ……➀ = 12 – 15
3
1 + 2 = 5 ……➁ =–1
x y
Dengan kaedah penggantian/ By using substitution method, x=6↷➁ y = 4(6) – 15
3
➀ ↷ ➁, 1 + 2 =5 = 24 – 15
2 – 2y y 3
=3
y+2 =5
2y – 2y2 \ Penyelesaian bagi persamaan serentak ini ialah
y + 2 = 10y – 10y2 (3, ‒1) dan (6, 3).
10y2 – 9y + 2 = 0 The solutions for these simultaneous equations are (3, –1)
(5y – 2)(2y – 1) = 0 and (6, 3).
y = 2 atau/ or 1
5 2 2 (a) 4x + y = 5 ⇒ y = 5 – 4x ……➀
2
y = ↷ ➀, x = 2 – 2
5
2
5 () 27x2 + 21xy + 2y2 = 0 ……➁
➀ ↷ ➁,
=2– 4 27x2 + 21x(5 – 4x) + 2(5 – 4x)2 = 0
5 27x2 + 105x – 84x2 + 2(25 – 40x + 16x2) = 0
=6 105x – 57x2 + 50 – 80x + 32x2 = 0
5
‒25x2 + 25x + 50 = 0 ,÷2
y = 1 ↷ ➀,
2
x=2–2 1
2 ()

x2 – x – 2 = 0
(x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
=2–1
x = ‒1 atau/ or 2
=1
J21
x = ‒1 ↷ ➀, y = 5 – 4(‒1) x = 7 & y = ‒3 ↷ ➁, 3(7) + (‒3) + 3z = 6

=5+4 21 – 3 + 3z = 6
=9 3z = 6 – 18
x = 2 ↷ ➀, y = 5 – 4(2) = ‒12
=5–8 z = ‒4
= ‒3 \ x = 7, y ‒3, z = ‒4
\ P(‒1, 9) dan/ and Q(2, ‒3) atau/ or
P(2, ‒3) dan/ and Q(‒1, 9) 2 3x – 3y – 3z = 15 ,÷5
x–y–z=5
(b) (x + 5) + y + 2x + 13 = 60 x = 5 + y + z ……➀
3x + y + 18 = 60 ‒3x + 2y + 2z = ‒13 ……➁
y = 60 – 18 – 3x ‒3x + y + 2z = ‒11 ……➂
= 42 – 3x ……➀
1 × [(x + 5) + 2x] × y = 210 ➀ ↷ ➁, ‒3(5 + y + z) + 2y + 2z = ‒13
‒15 – 3y – 3z + 2y + 2z = ‒13
2 (3x + 5)y = 420 ‒y – z = 2
3xy + 5y = 420 ……➁ y = ‒z – 2 ……➃
➀ ↷ ➁, 3x(42 – 3x) + 5(42 – 3x) = 420 ➀ ↷ ➂, ‒3(5 + y + z) + y + 2z = ‒11
126x – 9x2 + 210 – 15x = 420 ‒15 – 3y – 3z + y + 2z = ‒11
9x2 – 111x + 210 = 0 ,÷3
‒2y – z = 4 ……➄
3x2 – 37x + 70 = 0
(3x – 7)(x – 10) = 0 ➃ ↷ ➄, ‒2(‒z – 2) – z = 4
2z + 4 – z = 4
x = 7 atau/ or 10 z=0
3
z = 0 ↷ ➃, y = ‒0 – 2
x = 10 ↷ ➀, y = 42 – 3(10)
= ‒2
= 42 – 30
= 12 y = ‒2 & z = 0 ↷ ➀, x=5+y+z
= 5 + (‒2) + 0
\ x = 10, y = 12 =3
(c) t1 + t 2 = 3
\ x = 3, y = ‒2, z = 0
200 + 200 = 3 ……➀
x y 3 x2 + ky – 2 = 6
y – x = 30 22 + k(‒4h) – 2 = 6
y = x + 30 ……➁ 4 – 4kh = 8
200 + 200 = 3 4kh = ‒4
➁ ↷ ➀,
x x + 30 kh = ‒1
200x + 6 000 + 200x = 3 k = ‒ 1 ……➀
x + 30x
2
h
400x + 6 000 = 3x2 + 90x kx – 2y = 6
3x2 – 310x – 6 000 = 0 2k – 2(‒4h) = 6
(3x + 50)(x – 120) = 0 2k + 8h = 6
x = ‒ 50 atau/ or 120 k + 4h = 3 ……➁
3
➀ ↷ ➁, ‒ 1 + 4h = 3 ,×h
x = 120 ↷ ➁, y = 120 + 30 h
= 150 ‒1 + 4h = 3h
2
\ Laju purata pesawat X ialah 120 km/j dan laju 4h2 – 3h – 1 = 0

purata pesawat Y ialah 150 km/j. (4h + 1)(h – 1) = 0
The average speed of aircraft X is 120 km/h and the h = ‒ 1 atau/ or 1
average speed of aircraft Y is 150 km/h.
4
1
h = ‒ 1 ↷ ➀, k=‒
Praktis ke Arah SPM 4
( )
–1
4
Kertas 2 =4
Bahagian A/ Section A h = 1 ↷ ➀, k=‒ 1
1 ‒3x – 3y + z = ‒16 ……➀ 1
3x + y + 3z = 6 ……➁ = ‒1
‒2x + y – z = ‒13 ……➂ \ Apabila h = ‒ 1 , k = 4 atau apabila h = 1, k = ‒1.
4
➀ + ➂: ‒5x – 2y = ‒29 , × 2
1
‒10x – 4y = ‒58 ……➃ When h = –
4
, k = 4 or when h = 1, k = –1.
➂ × 3: ‒6x + 3y – 3z = ‒39 ……➄
➁ + ➄: ‒3x + 4y = ‒33 ……➅ 4 y – 2x – 8 = 0 ……➀ ,×4
4y – 8x – 32 = 0 ……➁
➃ + ➅: ‒13x = ‒91
x=7 y2 + 8x = 0 ……➂
x = 7 ↷ ➅, ‒3(7) + 4y = ‒33 ➁ + ➂: y2 + 4y – 32 = 0
‒21 + 4y = ‒33 (y + 8)(y – 4) = 0
4y = ‒12 y = ‒8 atau/ or 4
y = ‒3
J22
y = ‒8 ↷ ➀, ‒8 – 2x – 8 = 0
‒2x – 16 = 0 Bab 4
2x = ‒16
x = ‒8 4.1 Hukum Indeks
Law of Indices
y = 4 ↷ ➀, 4 – 2x – 8 = 0
34x × 3x
‒2x – 4 = 0 1 (a) = 34x + x – 2x
32x
2x = ‒4 = 33x
x = ‒2 5 ×5
5x y
(b) = 55x + y – 3x
\ A(‒2, 4) dan/ and B(‒8, ‒8) 53x
= 52x + y
Titik tengah/ Midpoint: 5x + 2 – 5x 5x + 2
= x – 1 – 5x – 1
x
[ 2 2 ] (
‒2 + (‒8) , 4 + (‒8) = –10 , –4
2 2 ) (c)

5x – 1 5 5
= 5x + 2 – (x – 1) – 5x – (x – 1)
= (‒5, ‒2) = 53 – 51
= 120
5 (a) Biar a, b dan c sebagai masa pemasangan, dalam jam, (d) (5y–1)4 × (2xy)2 = 54y–4 × 22x2y2
masing-masing bagi mesin A, B dan C. = (54 × 22)x2y–4 + 2
Let a, b and c be the assembly time, in hours, of machines A, = 2 500x2y–2
B and C respectively.
= 2 500
x2
b + c – 3a = 6 ……➀
y2
a + b + c = 46 ……➁
c = 2a ……➂ (e) 64a–3b4 ÷ 16a2b3 = 64 a–3 – 2b4 – 3
16
= 4a– 5 b
(b) ➂ ↷ ➀, b + 2a – 3a = 6
b – a = 6 ……➃ = 4b5
a
➂ ↷ ➁, a + b + 2a = 46 (f) 6a2b3 × 5a3b4 = (6 × 5)a2 + 3b3 + 4
3a + b = 46 ……➄ = 30a5b7
➄ – ➃: 4a = 40 (g) (8x–3y–1)2 ÷ (2xy)–3 = 82x–6y–2 ÷ 2–3x–3y–3
a = 10 ↷ ➂,
a = 10
c = 2(10)
= (23)2 ÷ 13 x–6 + 3y–2 + 3
2 [ ]
= (26 × 23)x–3y
= 20
= 2 3y
9
a = 10 ↷ ➃, b – 10 = 6
x
b = 16 (h) 4xy3 × (3y–1)2 ÷ (xy)–2 = 4xy3 × 32y–2 ÷ x–2y–2
\ Masa pemasangan bagi mesin A, mesin B dan mesin = (4 × 9)x1 – (–2)y3 + (–2) – (–2)
C masing-masing ialah 10 jam, 16 jam dan 20 jam. = 36x3y3
The assembly time for machine A, machine B and machine
(i) 4a–3
– 4 a+2
4a–3
= 3 – 3 4 a+2
C are 10 hours, 16 hours and 20 hours respectively.
64 4 4
= 4(a – 3) – 3 – 4(a + 2) – 3
6 36 + 180 = 36
x y =4 –4
a–6 a–1
36 + 180x = 36
x y
= 4a 16 – 1
4 4 ( )
36y + 180xy = 36x , ÷ 36
2 (a) x × 5x– = 5x + (– )
1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2
y + 5xy = x 2–3
= 5x 6
x – y = 5xy (Ditunjukkan/ Shown) ……➀ 1

= 5x– 6
x = 2y ……➁ 5
=
x
1
➁ ↷ ➀, 2y – y = 5y(2y) 6
(b) p ÷ 5p– = 50 – 1p – (– )
1 1 1 1
y = 10y2 4 4 4 4
10y2 – y = 0 = 5–1p
1+1
4
y(10y – 1) = 0 = 5–1p
1
2
y = 0 atau/ or 1 p
1
2
10 =
5
y= 1
10
↷ ➁, x=2 ( )
1
10
2y4
(c) – = 2y4 – (– )
y
1
2
1
2
=1 = 2y4 + 1
2
5 = 2y 9
2
\ x = m /min, y = 1 m2/min
1 2
4z–1
(d) – = 4z–1 – (– )
1
5 10 2
z
1
2
= 4z–1 + 1
2
= 4z– 1
2
= 4
z
1
2
J23
6m–
1
(e) = 6m– – (– )
2 1
2
3
2
(c) 16(642x) = 1
m–
3
2 42(43)2x = 40
= 6m– + 42 + 6x = 40
1 3
2 2
= 6m 2 + 6x = 0
6x = –2
(f) ABB
a2 × ABB
B=a ×a
5 3
a–2
2 –2
x = – 1
5 3
= a + (– )
2 2
5 3
3
=a
6 – 10
15
8(323x) = 128
(d)
= a–
4
15
23(25)3x = 27
= 1
a
4
15
3 + 15x = 7
(g) ABB
2
B × ABB
d–3 d5 = d– × d
3 3
2
5
3
15x = 4
= d– +
3
2
5
3 x = 4
15
=d
–9 + 10
6
(e) 9(81x) = 729
=d
1
6
32(34)x = 36
(h) h– (h + 5h – 4h– ) = (h– )(h ) + (h– )(5h ) – (h– )(4h– )
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
= h– + + 5h– + – 4h– + (– )
1
3
1
3
1
3
2
3
1
3
1
3 2 + 4x = 6
= h0 + 5h – 4h–
1
3
2
3 4x = 4
4 1 x = 1
= 1 + 5h – 3
h
2
3
(i) q– (q + 5q– – 3q– ) = (q– )(q ) + (q– )(5q– ) – (q– )(3q– )

3
2
1
2
3
2
5
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
5
2 6 (a) Jumlah jarak ayunan/ Total oscillated distance:
k = 25(0.98)t
= q– + + 5q– + (– ) – 3q– + (– )
3 1 3 3 3 5
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 25(0.98)12
= q–1 + 5q–3 – 3q–4
= 19.62 cm
= 1 + 53 – 34 (b) (i) n = 60(2t)
q q q
= 60(22)
= 240
3 (a) 52x – 3 = 52x ÷ 53
(52)x (ii) n = 60(2t)
= 3 840 = 60(2t)
125
64 = 2t
= 25
x
125 26 = 2t
(b) 63x + 4 = 63x × 64 t = 6 jam/ hours
= (63)x × 1 296
= 1 296(216x) 4.2 Hukum Surd
Laws of Surds
4 (a) 6n + 3 + 6n + 1 – 24(6n) = (6n)(63) + (6n)(6) – 24(6n)
1 (a) Katakan/ Let
= 6n(216 + 6 – 24)
N = 0.585858… …………..➀
= 6n(198)
100N = 58.5858… ………➁
6 n+3
+6 n+1
– 24(6 ) boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 33
n
bagi semua integer positif n kerana 198 ialah gandaan ➁ – ➀ : 99N = 58

bagi 33. N = 58
99
6n + 3 + 6n + 1 – 24(6n) is divisible by 33 for all positive integers of
n because 198 is a multiple of 33. (b) Katakan/ Let
(b) 4m + 2 + 4m + 4 + 4m = (4m)(42) + (4m)(44) + 4m N = 0.232323… …………..➀
= 4m(16 + 256 + 1) 100N = 23.2323… ………➁
= 4m(273) ➁ – ➀ : 99N = 23
4m+2
+4 m+4
+ 4 boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 7 bagi
m
N = 23
semua integer positif m kerana 273 ialah gandaan 99
bagi 7. (c) Katakan/ Let
4m + 2 + 4m + 4 + 4m is divisible by 7 for all positive integers of m A = 4.367367367… = 4 + N,
because 273 is a multiple of 7. dan/ and
(c) 8(4y) + 4y + 4 – 24(4y) = (4y)(8) + (4y)(44) – 24(4y) N = 0.367367367… …………..➀
= 4y(8 + 256 – 24) 1 000N = 367.367367… ……➁
= 4y(240)
➁ – ➀ : 999N = 367
8(4 ) + 4
y y+4
– 24(4 ) boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 16
y
bagi semua integer positif y kerana 240 ialah gandaan N = 367

999
bagi 16.
8(4y) + 4y + 4 – 24(4y) is divisible by 16 for all positive integers of A = 4 + 367 = 4 367
y because 240 is a multiple of 16.
999 999
(d) Katakan/ Let
5 (a) 7x – 2 = 49x + 1 A = 5.567567567… = 5 + N,
7x – 2 = (72)x + 1 dan/ and
x – 2 = 2(x + 1) N = 0.567567567… …………..➀
x – 2 = 2x + 2 1 000N = 567.567567… ……➁
x = –4 ➁ – ➀ : 999N = 567
(b) 42x – 1 = 64x N = 567
42x – 1 = (43)x 999
2x – 1 = 3x A = 5 + 567 = 5 567
x = –1 999 999
J24
2 (a) 3
683 ialah surd kerana menghasilkan perpuluhan 5 (a) 45 × 4 8 – 2 2 = 9 × 5 + 4 4 × 2 – 2 2
tidak berulang. =3 5 +8 2 –2 2
3
683 is a surd because it produces non-recurring decimals.
6
=3 5 +6 2
(b) 72 ialah surd kerana menghasilkan perpuluhan (b) 6 × 3 + 12 = 18 + 12
tidak berulang.
6 = 9×2+ 4×3
72 is a surd because it produces non-recurring decimals.
=3 2 +2 3
49 bukan surd kerana nilainya ialah satu pecahan.
(c) (c) (4 + 2 3 )(5 + 4 3 ) = 20 + 16 3 + 10 3 + 8 3 3
9
49
= 20 + 26 3 + 8(3)
is not a surd because its value is a fraction. = 44 + 26 3
9
3
64 bukan surd kerana nilainya ialah satu pecahan. (d) 24 – 4 8 + 2 2 = 4 × 6 – 4 4 × 2 + 2 2
(d)
125 =2 6 –8 2 +2 2
3
64 is not a surd because its value is a fraction. =2 6 –6 2
125 (e) 6 24 – 4 6 + 2 3 = 6 4 × 6 – 4 6 + 2 3
= 12 6 – 4 6 + 2 3
3 (a) 7 × 8 = 7×8 =8 6 +2 3
= 56 (f) (4 + 3 6 ) – (3 – 2 6 ) = 12 – 8 6 + 9 6 – 6 6 6
(b) 3x × 6x = 3x × 6x = 12 + 6 – 6(6)
= 18x2 = 6 – 24
= 9x2 × 2
= 3x 2 6 (a) 3 27 = 3 9 × 3 = 9 3
7 48 = 7 16 × 3 = 28 3
(c) 3a × 7b = 3a × 7b
4 75 = 4 25 × 3 = 20 3
= 21ab
(d) 2 × 5 = 2×5 Tiga ungkapan itu mempunyai faktor nombor tak
nisbah yang sama; maka, ketiga-tiga ungkapan itu
= 10
adalah surd serupa.
30x = 30x
10
The three expressions have the same irrational number factor;
(e) thus, all three expressions are similar surds.
3x 3x 1
= 10 (b) 3 12 = 3 4 × 3 = 6 3
4 45 = 4 9 × 5 = 15 5
10 = 10 5
(f) 3 32 = 3 16 × 2 = 12 2
8 84
5 Tiga ungkapan itu tidak mempunyai faktor nombor
= tak nisbah yang sama; maka, ketiga-tiga ungkapan itu
4
bukan surd serupa.
(g)7 × 8 = 7×84 The three expressions do not have the same irrational number
2 2 factor; thus, all three expressions are not similar surds.
= 28 (c) 7 54 = 7 9 × 6 = 21 6
(h) 7y × 3x = 7y × 3x 3 24 = 3 4 × 6 = 6 6
3xy 3xy 4 150 = 4 25 × 6 = 20 6
= 7 Tiga ungkapan itu mempunyai faktor nombor tak
nisbah yang sama; maka, ketiga-tiga ungkapan itu
4 (a) 126 = 9 × 14 adalah surd serupa.
= 9 × 14 The three expressions have the same irrational number factor;
thus, all three expressions are similar surds.
= 3 14
(b) 48 = 16 × 3 (d) – 80 = – 16 × 5 = –4 5
= 16 × 3 7 27 = 7 9 × 3 = 21 3
=4 3 3 45 = 3 9 × 5 = 9 5
(c) 5 45 = 5 9 × 5 Tiga ungkapan itu tidak mempunyai faktor nombor
=5 9 × 5 tak nisbah yang sama; maka, ketiga-tiga ungkapan itu
bukan surd serupa.
= 5(3) 5 The three expressions do not have the same irrational number
= 15 5 factor; thus, all three expressions are not similar surds.
(d) 3 80 = 3 16 × 5 (e) 9 45 = 9 9 × 5 = 27 5
= 3 16 × 5 3 80 = 3 16 × 5 = 12 5
= 3(4) 5 9 125 = 9 25 × 5 = 45 5
= 12 5 Tiga ungkapan itu mempunyai faktor nombor tak
(e) 7 112 = 7 16 × 7 nisbah yang sama; maka, ketiga-tiga ungkapan itu
= 7 16 × 7 adalah surd serupa.
= 7(4) 7 The three expressions have the same irrational number factor;
thus, all three expressions are similar surds.
= 28 7
J25
2 = 2 ×9 2 5 5
7 (a) (b) 2 + + 1+
9 2 9 2 9 2 3– 5 3+ 5
= 2×9 2
9×9× 2 × 2
= 2+ (
3– 5
5
× 3+
3+ 5
5
)(
+ 1+
5
3+ 5
× 3–
5
3– 5
)
= 18 2 5 +3 5 + 5 5 3– 5 +3 5 – 5 5
81(2) = 6+2 +
(3)2 – ( 5 )2 (3)2 – ( 5 )2
= 2
5 +5+3+2 5 –5
9 = 6+5
(b) 1 = 1 ×7 3 –5 6 9–5
7 3 +5 6 7 3 +5 6 7 3 –5 6
= 9 + 7 5
4
= 7 3 –5 6
(7 3 )2 – (5 6 )2 2 + 3 3
(c) + 2+
= 7 3 –5 6 1+ 3 1– 3

147 – 150
=– 7 3 –5 6
= 2+ (
1+ 3
3
× 1–
1– 3
3
+ 1+
3
1– 3
)(
× 1+
3
1+ 3
)
3
3 + 3 – 3 3 1+ 3 + 3 + 3 3
(c) 1 = 1 ×2 7 +3 3 = 2–2 +
2 7 –3 3 2 7 –3 3 2 7 +3 3 (1)2 – ( 3 )2 (1)2 – ( 3 )2
3 –3+1+2 3 +3
= 2 7 +3 3 = 2–
(2 7 )2 – (3 3 )2 1–3
=
2 7 +3 3
28 – 27
=– 3 +
2 (
3
)
=2 7 +3 3 1+ 3 + 1+ 2
(d)
3+ 5
(d) = 3+ 5 × 2– 5 3 – 2 3 + 2
2+ 5 2+ 5 2– 5
= (1 + 3 )( 3 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 )( 3 – 2 )
(3 + 5 )(2 – 5 ) ( 3 – 2 )( 3 + 2 )
=
(2)2 – ( 5 )2
6–3 5 +2 5 – 5 5 = ( 3 + 2 + 3 + 6 ) + ( 3 – 2 + 6 – 2)
= ( 3 )2 – ( 2 )2
4–5
3 +2 6
= –(6 – 5 – 5) = 1+2
3–2
= 5 –1
=1+2 3 +2 6
(e) 4 + 3 = 4 + 3 × 3 + 5
3– 5 3– 5 3+ 5 2 5 + 5
(e)
(4 + 3 )(3 + 5 ) 3– 3 3+ 3
=
(3)2 – ( 5 )2 (2 5 )(3 + 3 ) – ( 5 )(3 – 3 )
12 + 4 5 + 3 3 + 3 5 =
= (3 – 3 )(3 + 3 )
9–5
12 + 4 5 + 3 3 + 15 (6 5 + 2 15 ) – (3 5 – 15 )
= =
4 (3)2 – ( 3 )2
(f) 6– 5 = 6– 5 × 3+ 5 3 5 + 3 15
=
3– 5 3– 5 3+ 5 9–3
(6 – 5 )(3 + 5 ) 3 5 + 15)
(
= = 26
(3)2 – ( 5 )2
= 18 +6 5 –3 5 – 5 5 5 + 15
=
9–5 2
= 18 + 3 5 –5
4 9 (a) Biar p sebagai panjang dan l sebagai lebar.
Let p be the length and l be the width.
= 13 + 3 5
4 Luas/ Area = pl
7 – 4 5 = ( 6 – 5 )l
2 2
8 (a) +
2 – 7 2 + 7 l = 7 – 4 5
= ( 2
2 – 7
× 2 + 7 +
2 + 7 )( 1
2 + 7
× 2 – 7
2 – 7 )
6 – 5
= 7–4 5 ×
6 + 5
6 – 5 6 + 5
2 +2 7 2 – 7
= 2 + 7 6 + 7 5 – 4 30 – 4 5 5
( 2 )2 – ( 7 )2 ( 2 )2 – ( 7 )2 =
( 6 )2 – ( 5 )2
= 2 2 +2 7 + 2 – 7 7 6 + 7 5 – 4 30 – 4(5)
2–7 =
3 2 + 7 6–5
=–
5 = (7 6 + 7 5 – 4 30 – 20) cm
J26
(b) Luas/ Area = 1 × (6 – 3 2 )(6 + 3 2 ) 5 (a) log3 x = 5

2 x = 35
= 1 × [(6)2 – (3 2 )2] = 243
2 (b) log5 x = 2
= 1 × (36 – 18) x = 52
2
= 25
= 9 cm2 (c) log7 x = 4
Biar h sebagai hipotenus. x = 74
Let h be the hypothenuse. = 2 401
h2 = (6 – 3 2 )2 + (6 + 3 2 )2
= (36 – 36 2 + 18) + (36 + 36 2 + 18) 6 (a) log2 18 = log2 (3 × 3 × 2)
= 108 = log2 3 + log2 3 + log2 2
h = 108 = 1.585 + 1.585 + 1
= 36 × 3 = 4.17
= 6 3 cm (b) log2 75 = log2 (5 × 5 × 3)
Perimeter: (6 – 3 2 ) + (6 + 3 2 ) + (6 3 ) = log2 5 + log2 5 + log2 3
= (12 + 6 3 ) cm = 2.322 + 2.322 + 1.585
= 6.229
Hukum Logaritma (c) log3 45 = log3 (5 × 3 × 3)
4.3 = log3 5 + log3 3 + log3 3
Laws of Logarithms
= 1.465 + 1 + 1
1 (a) log5 25 = 2
(b) log9 729 = 3 = 3.465
(c) log4 4 096 = 6 (d) log2 18 + log3 5 = log2 (32 × 2) + log3 5
(d) 73 = 343 = 2 log2 3 + log2 2 + log3 5
(e) 10–4 = 0.00001 = 2(1.585) + 1 + 1.465
(f) 83 = 512 = 5.635
(e) log2 10 – log2 3 = log2 (5 × 2) – log2 3
2 (a) –0.6299 = log2 5 + log2 2 – log2 3
(b) –0.4260 = 2.322 + 1 – 1.585
(c) –0.0969 = 1.737
(d) log10 8 = –1.1938 (f) log3 81 – log2 5 = log3 34 – log2 5
125 = 4 log3 3 – log2 5
(e) log10 1 = –2.4082 = 4 – 2.322
256
= 1.678
(g) log3 45 + log2 3 = log3 (5 × 32) + log2 3
3 (a) Katakan/ Let log8 512 = y
8y = 512 = log3 5 + 2 log3 3 + log2 3
8y = 83 = 1.465 + 2 + 1.585
y=3 = 5.05
\ log8 512 = 3
(b) Katakan/ Let log3 243 = y 7 (a) log2 x + 4 log2 y = log2 x + log2 y4
3y = 243 = log2 (x × y4)
3y = 35 = log2 xy4
y=5 (b) 2 log4 x + 3 log4 y = log4 x2 + log4 y3
\ log8 243 = 5 = log4 (x2 × y3)
(c) Katakan/ Let log4 256 = y = log4 x2y3
4y = 256 (c) log2 x – 2 log2 y = log2 x – log2 y2
4y = 44 = log2 (x ÷ y2)
y=4 x
\ log4 256 = 4 = log2
y2
(d) Katakan/ Let log5 125 = y (d) 3 log2 x – 5 log2 xy = log2 x3 – log2 (xy)5
5y = 125 1
5y = 53 x3
= log2 2
y=3 x5y5
\ log5 125 = 3 = log2 21 5
xy
(e) Katakan/ Let log4 1 = y
16 (e) 2 log4 x + 3 log4 y – log4 x = log4 x2 + log4 y3 – log4 x
4y = 1 1
= log4 x × y
2 3
16
4y = 4–2 x1
y = –2 = log2 xy3
\ log4 1 = –2
16 8 (a) log3 20 = log3 (2 × 2 × 5)
= log3 22 + log3 5
4 (a) 210.1842 = 2 log3 2 + log3 5
(b) 0.7489 = 2p + q
(c) 0.0350
(b) log3 32 = log3 25
(d) 1.7947
= 5 log3 2
(e) 0.0562
= 5p
(f) 8.9125
J27
(c) log3 0.625 = log3 5 11 (a) log 32x – 1 = log 8x – 1

8 (2x – 1) log 3 = (x – 1) log 8
= log3 5 – log3 2–3 2x log 3 – log 3 = x log 8 – log 8
= log3 5 – (–3 log3 2) 2x log 3 – x log 8 = –log 8 + log 3
= q + 3p x(2 log 3 – log 8) = –log 8 + log 3
(d) log3 1.6 = log3 8 x = – log 8 + log 3
5 2 log 3 – log 8
= log3 23 – log3 5 = –8.327
= 3 log3 2 – log3 5 (b) log 43x + 1 = log 21x
= 3p – q (3x + 1) log 4 = x log 21
(e) log3 0.32 = log3 8 3x log 4 + log 4 = x log 21
25 3x log 3 – x log 21 = –log 4
= log3 22
3
x(3 log 4 – log 21) = –log 4
5 – log 4
= log3 23 – log3 52 x=
3 log 4 – log 21
= 3 log3 2 – 2 log3 5 = –1.244
= 3p – 2q (c) log 84x – 1 = log 23x
(4x – 1) log 8 = 3x log 2
log10 5
9 (a) log4 5 = 4x log 8 – log 8 = 3x log 2
log10 4 4x log 8 – 3x log 2 = log 8
= 0.6990 x(4 log 8 – 3 log 2) = log 8
0.6021
x= log 8
= 1.1609
4 log 8 – 3 log 2
log10 8
(b) log30 8 = = 0.333
log10 30 (d) log 6x = log 5x + 1
= 0.9031 x log 6 = (x + 1) log 5
1.4771 x log 6 = x log 5 + log 5
= 0.6114 x log 6 – x log 5 = log 5
log10 3 x(log 6 – log 5) = log 5
(c) log7 3 =
log10 7 log 5
x=
= 0.4771 log 6 – log 5
0.8451 = 8.827
= 0.5645
log10 0.25 (e) 2x – 1 = 18
(d) log3 0.25 = 3
log10 3 2x – 1 = 6
log 2 = log 6
x–1
= –0.6021 (x – 1) log 2 = log 6
0.4771
= –1.2620 x – 1 = log 6
log 2
loge 43 x – 1 = 2.585
10 (a) log3 43 = x = 2.585 + 1
loge 3
= 3.585
= ln 43
ln 3 12 (a) loge (3x + 2) = 3
= 3.7612 e3 = 3x + 2
1.0986
3x + 2 = 20.086
= 3.4236
loge 285 3x = 18.086
(b) log6 285 = x = 6.029
loge 6
(b)
loge (3x + 1)2 = 4
= ln 285 e4 = (3x + 1)2
ln 6 (3x + 1)2 = 54.598
= 5.6525 3x + 1 = ±7.389
1.7918 3x = –8.389 atau/ or 6.389
= 3.1546 x = –2.796 atau/ or 2.130
loge 1.32
(c) log4 1.32 = (c)
loge (x – 2)2 = 6
loge 4 e6 = (x – 2)2
= ln 1.32 (x – 2)2 = 403.429
ln 4 x – 2 = ±20.086
= 0.2776 x = –18.086 atau/ or 22.086
1.3863
= 0.2002 (d) e3x – 1 = 4
3
loge 2.5
(d) log15 2.5 = ln e3x – 1 = ln 4
loge 15 3
= ln 2.5 (3x – 1) ln e = ln 4
ln 15 3
3x – 1 = 0.288
= 0.9163 3x = 1.288
2.7081
= 0.3384 x = 0.429
J28
(e) ex – 2 = 15 4.4 Aplikasi Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma

18 Applications of Indices, Surds and Logarithms
ln ex – 2 = ln 15 1 (a) t = 0, j = 400e0.07(0)
18
= 400e0
(x – 2) ln e = ln 15
18 = 400 g
x – 2 = –0.182 (b) j > 500
x = 1.818 400e0.07t > 500
e0.07t > 500
(f) e3x + 3
= 142 400
21
0.07t ln e > ln 5
ln e3x + 3 = ln 142 4
21 0.07t > 0.2231
(3x + 3) ln e = ln 142 t > 3.19
21
3x + 3 = 1.911 \ 4 hari/ days
3x = –1.089
x = –0.363 2 (a) n = 4, L = 16e0.02(4)
= 16e0.08
= 16(1.0833)
13 (a) 53 000(0.98)n < 45 000
= 17.33 km/j/ km/h
0.98n < 45 000 (b) L > 18
53 000 16e0.02n > 18
n log 0.98 < log 0.8491
e0.02n > 18
n < log 0.8491 16
log 0.98 0.02n ln e > ln 9
< 8.0994 8
0.02n > 0.1178
\ Bilangan tahun maksimum ialah 8 tahun.
n > 5.89
The maximum number of years is 8 years.
\ Pusingan keenam/ The sixth lap
(b) 0.5e0.02t > 2.0
e0.02t > 4 3 (a) t = 0, J = 400(3)–0.003(0)
0.02t ln e > ln 4 = 400(3)0
0.02t > 1.3863 = 400 g
t > 69.3147 (b) J = 300
\ Masa apabila diameter koloni melebihi 2.0 mm ialah 400(3)–0.003t = 300
70 minit. (3)–0.003t = 300
The time when the diameter of the colony exceeds 2.0 mm 400
is 70 minutes. –0.003t log 3 = log 3
(c)
6 000(1.05)n > 8 000 4
1.05n > 8 000 –0.003t = log 0.75
6 000 log 3
–0.003t = –0.2619
n log 1.05 > log 4
3 t = 87.29
n> log 1.3333 \ 87.3 tahun/ years
log 1.05
> 5.8963 Praktis ke Arah SPM
\ Bilangan tahun ialah 6 tahun.
The number of years is 6 years. Kertas 1
(d) 25 000(1.07)n > 80 000 Bahagian A/ Section A
log 1.07n > log 80 000 1 16x + 3 = x1– 4
25 000 2
n > log 3.2 (24)x + 3 = 2–(x – 4)
log 1.07 24x + 12 = 2–x + 4
> 17.19 4x + 12 = –x + 4
\ Bilangan tahun minimum ialah 18 tahun. 4x + x = 4 – 12
The minimum number of years is 18 years. 5x = –8
x=–8
( )
t
(e) 3 060 2 = 1 360 5
3
t log 2 = log 1 360 2 0.252x = 162x + 3
3 3 060
t = log 0.4444 ( )
1 2x = (24)2x + 3
4
log 0.6667
=2 ( )
1 2x = (24)2x + 3
22
\ 2 tahun/ years. (2–2)2x = (24)2x + 3
2–4x = 28x + 12
–4x = 8x + 12
8x + 4x = –12
12x = –12
x = –1
J29
3 log2 7.5 = log2 15 2 (a) s = 8 000, r = 1 000, y = 10

2
= log2 3 × 5
( )
x log10 1 – 3 = log10 1 000 – log10 8 000
10
2 x log10 0.7 = log10 1 000
= log2 3 + log2 5 – log2 2 8 000
=m+p–1 log10 0.125
x=
log10 0.7
4 (a) logz 4 = 2
= 5.83 tahun/ years
z2 = 4
(b) y = 5, s = 4 250, x = 2
z2 = 22
z = 2 ( )
2 log10 1 – 3 = log10 r – log10 4 250
5
(b) log4 1 = log4 1 2 log10 0.4 = log10 r – log10 4 250
2z 2(2) log10 r = 2 log10 0.4 + log10 4 250
= log4 1 log10 r = log10 (0.42)(4 250)
4
log10 r = log10 680
= log4 4–1
r = RM680
= –log4 4
= –1
3 (a) 140 = 4 × 5 × 7
5 5 +5n n+1
+5
n+2
= 5 + 5 (5 ) + 5 (5 )
n n 1 n 2 = 4 5 7
= 5n(1 + 5 + 25) =2 5 7
= 5n(31) (Ditunjukkan/ Shown) (b) Tinggi PQR/ Height of PQR:
6 (a) 5x= 3x+ 2 2(

62 = 1 × 6 + h2
2
)
5x– 3x= 2 h2 = 36 – 9
x( 5 – 3 ) = 2 = 27
x= 2 × 5 + 3 h = 27 cm
5 – 3 5 + 3
Tinggi STU/ Height of STU:
= 5 2 + 3 2 h = 27 cm
5–3 2 2
= 10 + 6 SU = 1 QR = 3 cm
2 2
(b) 36
h–3
=1 Luas STU/ Area of STU:
2162k + 1
1 × 27 × 3 = 3 27
36h – 3 = 2162k + 1
2 2 4
(62)h – 3 = (63)2k + 1
2(h – 3) = 3(2k + 1) 3 9×3
=
2h – 6 = 6k + 3 4
2h = 6k + 9 9 3
= cm2
h = 6k + 9 4
2
Kertas 2 Bab 5
Bahagian A/ Section A
5.1 Janjang Aritmetik
1 (a) log10 x = 3 ⇔ x = 103 Arithmetic Progressions
log10 y = –2 ⇔ y = 10–2
1 (a) d1 = 5 – 2 d2 = 9 – 5
2xy – 10 000y2 = 2(103)(10–2) – 10 000(10–2)2 = 3 =4
= 2(103 – 2) – 104(10–4)
\ Bukan janjang aritmetik, kerana d1 ≠ d2.
= 2(101) – 100
Not an arithmetic progression, because d1 ≠ d2.
= 20 – 1
(b) d1 = 7π – 2π d2 = 12π – 7π
= 19 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
= 5π = 5π
(b) log3 x = log9 (x + 6)
log3 (x + 6) \ Janjang aritmetik, kerana d1 = d2.
log3 x = An arithmetic progression, because d1 = d2.
log3 9
log3 (x + 6) 7 1 13 7
log3 x = (c) d1 =
– d2 = –
3 3 3 3
2 log3 3
= 2 =2
log3 (x + 6)
log3 x = \ Janjang aritmetik, kerana d1 = d2.
2
2 log3 x = log3 (x + 6) An arithmetic progression, because d1 = d2.
log3 x = log3 (x + 6)
2 (d) d1 = (3n + 2m) – 3n d2 = (3n + 4m) – (3n + 2m)
x2 = x + 6 = 2m = 2m
x2 – x – 6 = 0 \ Janjang aritmetik, kerana d1 = d2.
(x + 2)(x – 3) = 0 An arithmetic progression, because d1 = d2.
x = –2 atau/ or 3
\ Oleh sebab log3 –2 tidak wujud, maka x = 3.
Because log3 –2 does not exist, thus x = 3.
J30
1 1 1 (c) a = 3, d= 2 –3= 3
(e) d1 = –1 d2 = –
3 9 3 9 2
= –
2
=–
2 Tn = 39
3 9 2

\ Bukan janjang aritmetik, kerana d1 ≠ d2.
Not an arithmetic progression, because d1 ≠ d2.
2( )
3 + (n – 1) 3 = 39
2
2 (a) a = 3, d=9–3=6
(n – 1) 3 = 33
2( ) 2
n – 1 = 11
T18 = 3 + (18 – 1)(6) n = 12
= 3 + (17)(6) (d) a = ‒21, d = ‒17 – (‒21) = 4
= 3 + 102 Tn = 15
= 105 ‒21 + (n – 1)(4) = 15
(b) a = 16, d = 19 – 16 = 3 4n ‒ 4 = 36
4n = 40
T12 = 16 + (12 – 1)(3) n = 10
= 16 + (11)(3) (e) a = 8π, d = 13π – 8π = 5π
= 16 + 33
Tn = 63π
= 49 8π + (n – 1)(5π) = 63π
(c) a = 102, d = 91 – 102 = ‒11 (n – 1)(5π) = 55π
T20 = 102 + (20 – 1)(‒11) n ‒ 1 = 11
= 102 + (19)(‒11) n = 12
= 102 – 209
= ‒107 5 (a) a = 11, d = 6 – 11 = ‒5
S6 = 6 [2(11) + (6 – 1)(‒5)]
3 (a) a = ‒2, d = 5 – (‒2) = 7 2
= 3[22 + (‒25)]
Tn = ‒2 + (n – 1)(7)
= ‒9
= ‒2 + (7n – 7)
(b) a = ‒21, d = ‒17 – (‒21) = 4
= 7n – 9
6
S6 = [2(‒21) + (6 – 1)(4)]
(b) a = 3, d=8–3=5
2
Tn = 3 + (n – 1)(5) = 3[(‒42) + 20]
= 3 + (5n – 5) = ‒66
= 5n – 2 (c) a = 14, d = 17 – 14 = 3
(c) a = 10, d = 6 – 10 = ‒4 6
S6 = [2(14) + (6 – 1)(3)]
Tn = 10 + (n – 1)(‒4) 2
= 10 + (‒4n + 4) = 3[28 + 15]
= 14 – 4n = 129
(d) logk 32, logk 35, logk 38, …⇒ 2 logk 3, 5 logk 3, 8 logk 3, … (d) a = n, d = (n + m) – n = m
6
S6 = [2(n) + (6 – 1)(m)]
a = 2 logk 3, d = 5 logk 3 – 2 logk 3 = 3 logk 3
2
Tn = 2 logk 3 + (n – 1)(3 logk 3) = 3[2n + 5m]
= [2 + (n – 1)(3)] logk 3 = 6n + 15m
= (2 + 3n – 3) logk 3 (e) a = 2, d = (2 + 2π) – 2 = 2π
= (3n – 1) logk 3 6
S6 = [2(2) + (6 – 1)(2π)]
(e) a = 5 , d=5 5 – 5 =4 5 2
= 3[4 + 10π]
Tn = 5 + (n – 1)(4 5 ) = 12 + 30π
= [1 + (n – 1)(4)] 5
= [1 + 4n – 4] 5 6 (a) a = 88, l = ‒107, d = 83 – 88 = ‒5
= (4n – 3) 5
Tn = ‒107
88 + (n – 1)(‒5) = ‒107
4 (a) a = 88, d = 83 – 88 = ‒5 (n – 1)(‒5) = ‒195
Tn = ‒107 n – 1 = 39
88 + (n – 1)(‒5) = ‒107 n = 40
‒5n + 5 = ‒195 40
S40 = [88 + (‒107)]
5n = 200 2
n = 40 = 20[‒19]
(b) a = 14, d = 17 – 14 = 3 = ‒380
(b) a = 8π, l = 59π, d = 11π – 8π = 3π
Tn = 50
14 + (n – 1)(3) = 50 Tn = 59π
8π + (n – 1)(3π) = 59π
3n ‒ 3 = 36 (n – 1)(3π) = 51π
3n = 39 n – 1 = 17
n = 13 n = 18
S18 = 18 [8π + 59π]
2
= 9[67π]
= 603π
J31
(c) a = 5, l = 305, d = 11 – 5 = 6 T2 = S2 – T1
Tn = 305 = 32 – 13
5 + (n – 1)(6) = 305 = 19
(n – 1)(6) = 300 d = T2 – T1
n – 1 = 50 = 19 – 13
n = 51 = 6
(ii) S17 – S4 = [3(17)2 + 10(17)] ‒ [3(4)2 + 10(4)]
S51 = 51 [5 + 305] = 1 037 – 88
2 = 949
= 51 [310] (b) T7 = 41
2 a + (7 – 1)d = 41
= 7 905 a + 6d = 41 ……➀
T13 = 23
7 (a) a = 4, d=7–4=3
a + (13 – 1)d = 23
S22 = 22 [2(4) + (22 – 1)(3)] a + 12d = 23 ……➁
2
= 11[8 + 63] ➁ – ➀: 12d – 6d = 23 – 41
6d = ‒18
= 781 d = ‒3
S10 = 10 [2(4) + (10 – 1)(3)] d = ‒3 ↷ ➀, a + 6(‒3) = 41
2 a – 18 = 41
= 5[8 + 27]
a = 59
= 175
S22 – S10 = 781 – 175 S20 = 20 [2(59) + (20 – 1)(‒3)]
2
= 606 = 10[118 + (‒57)]
(b) a = 26, d = 18 – 26 = ‒8 = 610
(c) (i) d1 = d2
S22 = 22 [2(26) + (22 – 1)(‒8)]
2 (k + 10) – 3k = (2k – 1) – (k + 10)
= 11[52 + (‒168)] k + 10 – 3k = 2k – 1 – k – 10
= ‒1 276 10 – 2k = k ‒ 11
3k = 21
S10 = 10 [2(26) + (10 – 1)(‒8)] k=7
2
(ii) a = 3(7) = 21
= 5[52 + (‒72)]
= ‒100 d = 10 – 2(7)
= 10 – 14
S22 – S10 = ‒1 276 – (‒100) = ‒4
= ‒1 176 T6 = 21 + (6 – 1)(‒4)
(c) a = ‒40, d = ‒35 – (‒40) = 5 = 21 + (‒20)
S22 = 22 [2(‒40) + (22 – 1)(5)] = 1
2 (d) (i) T3 = 26
= 11[‒80 + 105] a + (3 – 1)d = 26
= 275 a + 2d = 26 ……➀
S10 = 10 [2(‒40) + (10 – 1)(5)] T7 = 62
2 a + (7 – 1)d = 62
= 5[‒80 + 45] a + 6d = 62 ……➁
= ‒175
➁ – ➀: 6d – 2d = 62 – 26
S22 – S10 = 275 – (‒175) 4d = 36
= 450 d=9
d = 9 ↷ ➀, a + 2(9) = 26
8 (a) T8 = S9 – S8 a = 26 – 18
= [2(9)2 + 3(9)] – [2(8)2 + 3(8)] =8
= 189 – 152
(ii) T15 = 8 + (15 – 1)(9)
= 37 = 8 + 126
(b) T8 = S9 – S8 = 134
= [4(9)2 ‒ 6(9)] – [4(8)2 ‒ 6(8)] (e) (i) T6 = 23
= 270 – 208 a + (6 – 1)d = 23
= 62 a + 5d = 23 ……➀
(c) T8 = S9 – S8
T14 = 55
= [30(9) ‒ 5(9)2] – [30(8) ‒ 5(8)2] a + (14 – 1)d = 55
= ‒135 – (‒80) a + 13d = 55 ……➁
= ‒55
➁ – ➀: 13d – 5d = 55 – 23
9 (a) (i) T1 = S1 8d = 32
d=4
= 3(1)2 + 10(1)
= 3 + 10 d = 4 ↷ ➀, a + 5(4) = 23
= 13 a = 23 – 20
=3
T1 + T2 = S2 \ Mazlan menyimpan RM3 pada kali pertama dan
= 3(2)2 + 10(2) simpanannya meningkat sebanyak RM4 setiap
= 12 + 20 kali.
= 32 Mazlan saved RM3 for the first time and his saving
increases by RM4 each time.
J32
(ii) S20 = 3 + (20 – 1)(4) (b) a = ‒3, r = 6 = –2

= 3 + 76 –3
= RM79 T8 = ‒3(‒2)8 – 1
(f) (i) n = 1, T1 = 7(1) + 8 = ‒3(‒2)7
= 15 = 384
(ii) d = T2 – T1 (c) a = 36π, r = 18π = 1
36π 2
= [7(2) + 8] – 15
= 22 – 15
= 7
T7 = 36π 1
2 ( )
7–1
(iii) S12 = 12 [2(15) + (12 – 1)(7)]

= 36π 1
2
6
( )
2
= 9π
= 6[30 + 77] 16
= 642
(g) (i) a = 230 3 (a) a = 6, r = 18 = 3
T10 = 365 6
Tn = 6(3) n–1
230 + (10 – 1)x = 365 = 2 × 3(3)n – 1

9x = 135 = 2 × 31 + (n – 1)
x = 15 = 2(3n)
(ii) Tn N 500
(b) a = ‒3, r = 6 = –2
230 + (n – 1)(15) N 500 –3
(n – 1)(15) N 270 Tn = ‒3(‒2)n – 1
n – 1 N 18

n N 19
= ‒3 (‒2)
–2
[
n
]
\ Tarikh akhir untuk mengisi penuh tangki ialah = 3 (‒2)n
21 Jun. 2
The final date to fully fill up the tank is 21st June. (c) a = 100, r = 50 = 1
100 2
1
( )
n–1
5.2 Janjang Geometri Tn = 100

2
[ ]
Geometric Progressions
1 (a) r1 = 24 r2 = 8 = 100 2
1 n
( )
48 24 1
= 1 = 1 2
2 3 = 200(2‒n)
\ Bukan janjang geometri, kerana r1 ≠ r2.
Not a geometric progression, because r1 ≠ r2.
r = 12 = 3

4 (a) a = 4,
4
(b) r1 = 0.8 r2 = 3.2
0.2 0.8 Tn = 8 748
= 4 =4 4(3)n – 1 = 8 748
\ Janjang geometri, kerana r1 = r2. (3)n – 1 = 2 187
A geometric progression, because r1 = r2. (3)n – 1 = 37
n – 1 = 7
(c) r1 = –4 r2 = –8
–2 –4 n=8
= 2 =2 (b) a = 3π, r = 24π = 8
3π
\ Janjang geometri, kerana r1 = r2.
A geometric progression, because r1 = r2. Tn = 6 291 456π
3π(8)n – 1 = 6 291 456π
(d) r1 = 3a + 6 r2 = 9a + 18 (8)n – 1 = 2 097 152
a+2 3a + 6
(8)n – 1 = 87
= 3(a + 2) = 9(a + 2) n – 1 = 7
a+2 3(a + 2)
= 3 =3 n=8
\ Janjang geometri, kerana r1 = r2. (c) a = p + 2, r = 4p + 8 = 4(p + 2) = 4
A geometric progression, because r1 = r2.
p+2 p+2
π Tn = 4 096p + 8 192
(e) r1 = 2π r2 = 3 (p + 2)(4)n – 1 = 4 096(p + 2)
18π 2π (4)n – 1 = 4 096
= 1 = 1 (4)n – 1 = 46
9 6 n–1=6
\ Bukan janjang geometri, kerana r1 ≠ r2. n=7
Not a geometric progression, because r1 ≠ r2.
5 (a) a = 7, r = 14 = 2
2 (a) a = 81, r = 27 = 1 7
81 3
S7 = 7(2 ‒ 1)
7
T9 = 81 1
3 ( )9–1
2–1
= 7(127)
= 81 1
3 ( )8
= 889
= 1
81
J33
(b) a = 3x, r = 12x = 4 (c) a = 50, r = 10 = 1

3x 50 5
S7 = 3x(4 ‒ 1)
[ ( )] [ ( )]
7
50 1 ‒ 1 50 1 ‒ 1
7 4
4–1 5 5
S7 – S4 = –
3x(16 383)
= 1– 1 1– 1
13 5 5
= 16 383x 49.99936 ‒ 49.92
=
(c) a = 2 , r= 8 2 =4 0.8
2 2 2 = 0.07936
0.8
2 (47 ‒ 1) = 0.0992
S7 = 2
4–1
7 (a) a = 81, r= 9 = 1
2 (165 461
383) 27 3
= 2 81
13 S¥ =
1– 1
= 5 461 2 3
2 81
=
(d) a = 4 000, r = 160 = 1 2
800 5 3
S7 =
[ ( )]
4 000 1 ‒ 1
5
7
= 243
2
= 121.5
1– 1
5 4 3
(b) a = 16 3 , r= 3 = 1
= 4 999.936
2 8 3 2
4 3 3
(e) a = 16 3 , r= 3 = 1
3 8 3 2 16 3
3 S¥ = 3
1– 1
S7 = 3
[ ( )]
16 3 1 ‒ 1
2
7
2
1– 1 16 3
2 = 3
1
= 127 3
12 2
= 18.33 32 3
=
(f) a = 400, r = 25 = 1 3
100 4 = 18.475
S7 =
[ ( )]
400 1 ‒ 1
4
7
(c) a = 400, r = 25 = 1
100 4
1– 1 S¥ = 400
4
= 136 525 1– 1
256 4
= 400
= 533.3
3
4
6 (a) a = 2 100, r = 21 = 1
210 10 = 1 600
S7 – S4 =
[ ( )]
2 100 1 ‒ 1
10
7
–
[ ( )]
2 100 1 ‒ 1
10
4 3
= 533.3333…
1– 1 1– 1 8 (a) 4.727272… = 4 + 0.72 + 0.0072 + 0.000072 + …
10 10
a = 0.72, r = 0.0072 = 0.01
= 2 099.99979 ‒ 2 099.79 0.72
0.9 S¥ = 0.72
= 0.20979 1 ‒ 0.01
0.9 = 0.72
= 0.2331 0.99
(b) a = 1, r= 2 =2 = 72
1 99
4.727272… = 4 + S¥
S7 – S4 = 1(2 ‒ 1) – 1(2 ‒ 1)
7 4
2‒1 2‒1 = 4 + 72
= 127 – 15 99
= 112 =4 8
11
J34
(b) 0.26457457… = 0.26 + 0.00457 + 0.00000457 + … (ii) ar = 9

a = 0.00457, r = 0.00000457 = 0.001 3a = 9
0.72 a = 3
S¥ = 0.00457 T7 = ar7 – 1
1 ‒ 0.001
= 3(36)
= 0.00457
0.999 = 2 187 m3
= 457 T1 = S1
(b)
99 900 = 31 – 1
0.26457457… = 0.26 + S¥ = 2
= 26 + 457 T2 = S2 – S1
100 99 900 = (32 – 1) – 2
= 25 974 + 457 = 8 – 2
99 900 99 900
= 6
= 26 431
99 900 r = T2
(c) 0.212121… = 0.21 + 0.0021 + 0.000021 + … T1
a = 0.21, r = 0.0021 = 0.01 = 6
0.21 2
S¥ = 0.21 = 3
1 ‒ 0.01 \ Sebutan pertama ialah 2 dan nisbah sepunya ialah 3.
= 0.21 The first term is 2 and the common ratio is 3.
0.99
(c) (i) T1 = a = 90
= 21
99 T3 = 22.5
0.212121… = 21 90r3 – 1 = 22.5
99
r2 = 22.5
= 7 90
33
(d) 3.231231231… = 3 + 0.231 + 0.000231 + 0.000000231 + … = 1
4
a = 0.231, r = 0.000231 = 0.001 r= 1
0.231 2
S¥ = 0.231 (ii) S¥ = 90
1 ‒ 0.001
= 0.231 1– 1
0.999 2
90
= 231 =
999 1
3.231231231… = 3 + S¥ 2
= RM180
= 3 + 231
999 (d) a = 4, r = 20 = 5
= 3 77 4
333 Tn > 5 000
(e) 0.2545454… = 0.2 + 0.054 + 0.00054 + 0.0000054 + … 4.5n – 1 > 5 000
a = 0.054, r = 0.00054 = 0.01 5n – 1 > 1 250
0.054 (n – 1) log 5 > log 1 250
S¥ = 0.054
1 ‒ 0.01 n – 1 > log 1 250
log 5
= 0.054 n > 4.43 + 1
0.99
> 5.43
= 54
990 \ Bilangan minimum bentuk ialah 6.
0.2545454… = 0.2 + S¥ The minimum number of shapes is 6.
(e) (i) r 1 = r2
= 2 + 54
10 990 2m + 5 = 8m – 1
= 198 + 54 m‒1 2m + 5
990 (2m + 5)2 = (8m – 1)(m – 1)
= 252 4m2 + 20m + 25 = 8m2 – 9m + 1
990 4m2 – 29m – 24 = 0
= 14 (4m + 3)(m – 8) = 0
55
m = ‒ 3 atau/ or 8
4
9 (a) (i) T2 = 9 T5 = 243 \ m = 8
ar2 – 1 = 9 ar5 – 1 = 243
(ii) S10 = 7(3 ‒ 1)
10
ar = 9 ……➀ ar4 = 243 ……➁ 3–1

ar4 = 243 = 413 336

➁ ÷ ➀: 2
ar 9
= 206 668
r3 = 27
r=3
J35
Praktis ke Arah SPM Kertas 2

Kertas 1 1 (a) T1 = mn T2 =
m n mn
× =
Bahagian A/ Section A 3 3 9
1 (a) S7 = 3.72 – 2(7)
= 3(49) – 14
( )( ) ( )( )
T3 = 1 m × 1 n =
3 3 3 3
mn
81
mn mn
= 133 r1 = mn ÷ mn r2 = ÷
9 81 9
(b) T7 = S7 – S6 mn 9
= 133 – [3.62 – 2(6)] = mn × 1 = ×
9 mn 81 mn
= 133 – (108 – 12) 1 1
= 133 – 96 = =
9 9
= 37
\ r1 = r2 = 1 , maka luas bagi siri segi empat tepat itu
9
2 a = 2, r= 8 =4 mengikut suatu janjang geometri.
2 r1 = r2 =
1
, thus the area of the series of rectangles follows
Tn > 6 000 9
.
2 4 > 6 000
n–1
a geometric progression.
4n – 1 > 3 000 (b) (i) a = 30m, T6 = 200
(n – 1) log 4 > log 3 000 6 561
n – 1 > log 3 000

log 4
30m
9 ( )
1 6 – 1 200
=
6 561
n > 5.775 + 1 30m 200
=
> 6.775 59 049 6 561
200 59 049
\ Bilangan minimum sebutan ialah 7. m= ×
6 561 30
The minimum number of terms is 7.
= 60
3 (a) T2 = 64 T2 + T3 = 72 (ii) a = (60)(30) = 1 800
ar2 – 1 = 64 64 + ar3 – 1 = 72 1 800
S¥ =
ar = 64 ……➀ ar2 = 8 ……➁ 1– 1
ar2 = 8 9
➁ ÷ ➀: 1 800
ar 64 =
8
r= 1 9
8
r = 1 ↷ ➀, 1 a = 64 = 2 025 cm2
8 8
a = 512 2 (a) Gaji tahunan pertama/ First annual salary,
T1: 12(2 300) = RM27 600
(b) S¥ = 512 d = 12(225) = RM2 700
1– 1
8 T8 = 27 600 + (8 – 1)(2 700)
512 = 27 600 + 18 900
=
7 = RM46 500
8 (b) Tn > 34 000
4 096 1 27 600 + (n – 1)(2 700) > 34 000
= atau/ or 585
7 7 (n – 1)(2 700) > 6 400
n – 1 > 2.37
4 S6 = 465 n > 3.37
≈4
6 [2a + (6 – 1)d] = 465 \ Wildan perlu mengisytiharkan cukai pendapatan
2
2a + 5d = 155 ……➀ pada tahun 2023.
Wildan needs to declare income tax in the year 2023.
S18 – S6 = ‒42
18 [2a + (18 – 1)d] – 465 = ‒42
(c) S8 = 8 [27 600 + 46 500]
2
2 9[2a + 17d] = 423
2a + 17d = 47 ……➁ = 4(74 100)
= RM296 400

➁ – ➀: 17d – 5d = 47 – 155
12d = ‒108
d = ‒9
d = ‒9 ↷ ➀, 2a + 5(‒9) = 155
2a – 45 = 155
2a = 200
a = 100
\ a = 100, d = ‒9
J36
(d)
Bab 6
6.1 Hubungan Linear dan Tak Linear
Linear and Non-Linear Relations
1 (a)
Graf hubungan linear kerana graf yang diperoleh

menunjukkan satu garis lurus. Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf yang diperoleh
Graph of linear relation because the graph obtained shows a menunjukkan satu lengkung.
straight line. Graph of non-linear relation because the graph obtained
(b) shows a curve.
(e)

Graf hubungan linear kerana graf yang diperoleh menunjukkan satu garis lurus.
menunjukkan satu garis lurus. Graph of linear relation because the graph obtained shows a
Graph of linear relation because the graph obtained shows a straight line.
straight line.
(c) 2 (a)

menunjukkan satu garis lurus.
Graph of linear relation because the graph obtained shows a
straight line.
J37
(b) 4 (a)
1
y
Daripada graf/ From the graph,

c = 7.25
3 m = 20 ‒ 15
20 ‒ 12
= 5
8
= 0.625
Y = mX + c
1 = 0.625x + 7.25
y
y = 1
0.625x + 7.25
(b)
Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = ‒0.85

Kecerunan/ Gradient, m = 40 ‒ (‒0.85)
25 ‒ 0
= 40.85
25
= 1.634
xy = 1.634x2 – 0.85
Y = 1.634X – 0.85 Daripada graf/ From the graph,
c = 0.58
m = 2.24 ‒ 0.8
60 ‒ 8
= 1.44
52
= 0.0277
Y = mX + c
xy = 0.0277x2 + 0.58
y = 0.0277x + 0.58
x
J38
5 (a) y = x ⇔
1 3x + 2
= 6 (a) (i)
3x + 2 y x
= 2 +3
x
Apabila/ When 1 = p dan/ and 1 = 8,
8 = 2p + 3 x y
2p = 5
p = 5
2
Apabila/ When 1 = 5 dan/ and 1 = q,
q = 2(5) + 3 x y
= 13
\ p = 5 dan/ and q = 13
2
(b) y = 2x ⇔ 1 = x+4
x+4 y 2x
=2+1
x 2
Apabila/ When 1 = 4 dan/ and 1 = p,
x y
p = 2(4) + 1
2
= 8 1
2
Apabila/ When 1 = q dan/ and 1 = 0,
x y
0 = 2q + 1
2
2q = ‒ 1
2
q = ‒ 1
4
\ p = 8 1 dan/ and q = ‒ 1 (ii) Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = ‒0.14
2 4 m = 0.52 ‒ (‒0.14)
(c) y = pxq ⇔ log10 y = log10 p + q log10 x 30 ‒ 0
q = m = 0.66
30
= 8 – 3 = 0.022
2 ‒ (‒3)
= 5 \ y = 0.022x – 0.14
5 (iii) Berdasarkan graf apabila y = 0.36 , x = 22.75
= 1 Based on the graph when y = 0.36 , x = 22.75
Apabila melalui/ When passes through (‒3, 3), (b) (i)
2 cm
3 = log10 p + 1(‒3)
log10 p = 3 + 3 2 cm
p = 106
\ p = 106 dan/ and q = 1
J39
(ii) Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = 1.22 (ii) Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = 0.16
m = 1.22 ‒ 0 m = 0.65 ‒ 0.16
0 ‒ 4.9 1.4 ‒ 0
= 1.22 = 0.49
–4.9 1.4
= ‒0.249 = 0.35
\ y = ‒0.249x + 1.22 \ y = 0.35x + 0.16
(iii) Berdasarkan graf apabila x = 2.4, y = 0.62. (iii) Berdasarkan graf apabila log10 y = 0.5,
Based on the graph when x = 2.4, y = 0.62. Based on the graph when log10 y = 0.5,
(c) (i) log10 x = 0.97
x = 100.97
= 9.33
(e) (i)
(ii) Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = 0.55

m = 2.75 ‒ 0.55
16 ‒ 0
= 2.2
16
= 0.1375
\ y = 0.1375x + 0.55
(iii) Berdasarkan graf apabila y = 1.9, x = 9.8. (ii) Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = 0.4
Based on the graph when y = 1.9, x = 9.8.
(d) (i) m = 3.6 ‒ 0.4
2 cm
1.2 ‒ 0
log10 y
= 3.2
0.8 2 cm
1.2
= 2.667
\ y = 2.667x + 0.4
0.7 (iii) Berdasarkan graf apabila x = 0.7,
Based on the graph when x = 0.7,
(1.4, 0.65) y2 = 2.25
0.6 y = 1.5
6.2 Hukum Linear dan Hubungan Tak Linear

0.5 Linear Law and Non-Linear Relations
1 (a) 4y – ax2 = bx
4y = ax2 + bx , ÷ 4x
y = ax + b
0.4
x 4 4
0.3 Y m X c
y a b
x
x 4 4
0.2
(b) y(b – x) = ax
1 = b ‒ x
(0, 0.16)
0.1
y ax
= 1 b – x
0.97 y ax ax
0
log10 x
1= b –1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
y ax a
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(b)
Y m X c
1 b 1 –1
y a x a
(c) x – by = axy
x = axy + by
x = y(ax + b)
x = ax + b
y
Y m X c
x
a x b
y
(d) y = abx
log10 y = log10 abx
log10 y = log10 a + log10 bx
log10 y = (log10 b)x + log10 a
Y m X c
log10 y log10 b x log10 a
(e) y = ab + x
log10 y = log10 ab + x
log10 y = (b + x)log10 a
log10 y = b log10 a + x log10 a
log10 y = (log10 a)x + b log10 a
Y m X c
(c)log10 k = m b log10 k = c
log10 y log10 a x b log10 a
= 0.5 ‒ 0.04 b(0.092) = 0.04
(f) y = ax2 + bx3 5‒0 b = 0.435
y = ax2 + bx3 = 0.46
x2 x2 x2 5
y = a + bx = 0.092
x2 k = 100.092
y = bx + a = 1.236
x2
6.3 Aplikasi Hukum Linear
Y m X c Applications of Linear Law
y 1 (a)
b x a q
x2 7 9 12 15 21 26 34
t
q
2 (a) y = kb + x t
log10 y = log10 kb + x
log10 y = (b + x) log10 k
log10 y = (log10 k)x + b log10 k
log10 y 0.1 0.25 0.34 0.4 0.55 0.63
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(b) q = at + bt2 ,÷t q =c

q at bt 2 4
= + = 0.5
t t t
q q = 0.5 × 4
= a + bt = 2
t
Y m X c 3 (a) 1
q 0.80 0.60 0.4 0.25 0.20 0.17
x
t b t a
1
Daripada graf/ From the graph, 0.46 0.28 0.17 0.12 0.08 0.05
y
a = c = 6
1
b=m y
= 34 – 6
30 – 0
= 28
30
= 0.933
(c) Apabila/ When t = 18,
q = 23
t
q = 23 × 18
= 414 m
2 (a) 1
0.87 1.47 2.06 2.65 3.25 3.86
y 1
x
(b) ky = 6xy – 2x
6xy – ky = 2x
y(6x – k) = 2x
1 = 6x ‒ k
y 2x
1 = 6x ‒ k
y 2x 2x
1 =‒ k +3
y 2x
Y m X c
1 –k 1
3
y 2 x
– k =m
2
= 0.4 ‒ 0.1
0.75 ‒ 0.24
= 0.3
0.51
= 0.588
(b) pxy + qy = 4 k = 0.588 × ‒2
y(px + q) = 4 = ‒1.176
1 = px + q
y 4 Praktis ke Arah SPM
1 = x+ q
p
y 4 4 Kertas 1
Y m X c
1 p q 1 (a) hy = 2xy – 6x
y 4 x 4 2xy – hy = 6x
y(2x – h) = 6x
p =m

4 1 = 2x ‒ h
y 6x
= 3.7 – 2.5
4.3 – 2.7 1 = 2x ‒ h
y 6x 6x
= 1.2
1.6 1 = 1 ‒ h
= 0.75 y 3 6x
p = 0.75 × 4 1 = ‒ h + 1
y 6x 3
= 3
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(b)
Y m X c Kertas 2
Bahagian B/ Section B
1 –h 1 1
y 6 x 3 1 (a)
Pada titik/ At point (0, 2t), 2t = c
=1
3
t= 1
6
Diberi/ Given: m = ‒2
‒ h = ‒2
6
h = 12
2 y x +4= 6 ,× x
x
6
y x x +4 x = ( x)
x
xy + 4 x = 6
xy = 6 – 4 x
Y m X c
xy ‒4 x 6
q=c=6
Apabila/ When x = 4, xy = p
p = 6 – 4(4)
= 6 – 16
= ‒10
\ p = ‒10, q = 6
y \ Berdasarkan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik pada

3 (a) = mx + c
x graf, panjang asal spring ialah 10 cm.
m = 11 ‒ 5 Based on the line of best fit on the graph, the original
5–2 length of the spring is 10 cm.
= 6 (b) c = 10 Apabila/ When l = 14,
3
= 2 m = 12 ‒ 10.4 14 = 0.08F + 10
25 – 5 0.08F = 4
Pada/ At (2, 5), 5 = 2(2) + c = 1.6 F = 50 N
c=5–4 20
=1 = 0.08
y = 2x + 1 \ l = 0.08F + 10
x
y = 2x2 + x 2 (a)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
(b) Apabila/ When x = ‒3,
y = 2(‒3)2 + (‒3) log10 y 0.34 0.56 0.74 0.92 1.10 1.31
= 2(9) – 3
= 18 – 3
= 15
4 (a) 2sx + ty – 3 = 0
ty = 3 – 2sxt
y = 3t ‒ 2sx
t
\ Kecerunan/ Gradient = ‒ 2s
(b) m1m2 = ‒1 t
‒ 2s × m2 = ‒1
t
m2 = t
2s
\ Kecerunan/ Gradient = t
2s
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(b) (b) MS = 5 – 4
PS 5
MS = 1
24 5
MS = 4.8 cm
\ Titik M lebih dekat dengan hujung pembaris S.
Point M is closer to end S of the ruler.
(c) PM = 12 – 7
PS 12
PM = 5
24 12
MS = 10 cm
\ Titik M lebih dekat dengan hujung pembaris P.
Point M is closer to end P of the ruler.
2 (a) PR : RQ = 5 : 3
(b) PR : RQ = 3 : 9
=1:3
(c) PR : RQ = 1 : 3
(d) RQ : PQ = 6 : 9
=2:3
3 (a)
y
6
(c) y = a(1 – b)x B
4
log10 y = log10 a(1 – b)x C
log10 y = log10 a + log10 (1 – b)x 2
log10 y = log10 a + x log10 (1 – b) x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Y m X c –2
A
log10 y log10 (1 – b) x log10 a –4
(i) Berdasarkan graf/ Based on the graph,
c = 0.16
log10 a = 0.16 [
C(x, y) = 2(6) + 1(‒3) , 2(4) + 1(–2)
2+1 2+1 ]
a = 100.16
= 1.445
( )
= 9, 6
3 3
(ii) log10 (1 – b) = m = (3, 2)
(b)
= 1 ‒ 0.6 y
4.4 – 2.3
= 0.4
2.1 6
= 0.19 A
5
1 – b = 100.19
= 1.55 4
b = 1 – 1.55
3
= ‒0.55
(iii) Apabila/ When x = 1.5, log10 y = 0.44 2
y = 100.44
1
= 2.754
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Bab 7 –1
C
–2
7.1 Pembahagi Tembereng Garis
Divisor of a Line Segment –3
–4
1 (a) MS = 3
PS 5 + 3 –5
MS = 3 B
24 8 –6
MS = 9 cm
\ Titik M lebih dekat dengan hujung pembaris S.
Point M is closer to end S of the ruler.
J44
2AC : 3CB ⇒ AC = 3 k = AP(6) + PB(‒2)

CB 2 AP + PB
AC : CB = 3 : 2
= 6 + 3(‒2)
[
C(x, y) = 3(8) + 2(‒3) , 3(–5) + 2(5)
3+2 3+2 ] = 6 ‒ 6
1+3
(
= 18 , –5
5 5 ) = 0
4
(
= 3 3 , –1
5 ) = 0
4
(c) y
[
(b) P(6, –8) = AP(8) + PB(k) , AP(–10) + PB(2)
AP + PB AP + PB ]
6 AP(–10) + PB(2) = –8
B AP + PB
5
‒10AP + 2PB = ‒8AP – 8PB
4 2AP = 10PB
AP = 10
3
PB 2
2 =5
C 1
1
x 6 = AP(8) + PB(k)
AP + PB
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1 = 5(8) + k
A 5+1
–2 = 40 + k
6
36 = 40 + k
[
C(x, y) = 1(–2) + 2(3) , 1(5) + 2(–1)
1+2 1+2 ] k = ‒4
[
(c) P(1, 4) = AP(k) + PB(3) , AP(–5) + PB(10) ]
( )
= 4, 3
3 3
AP + PB
AP(–5) + PB(10) = 4
AP + PB

3( )
= 11, 1

AP + PB
‒5AP + 10PB = 4AP + 4PB
(d) y 9AP = 6PB
AP = 6
PB 9
5 =2
B 3
4
1 = AP(k) + PB(3)
3 AP + PB
= 2k + 3(3)
2 2+3
1 = 2k + 9
5
x 5 = 2k + 9
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 2k = ‒4
–1
C k = ‒2
–2
–3
A
[
5 (a) P(2p, q) = 1(2p) + 3(2r) , 1(3q) + 3(r)
1+3 1+3 ]
–4 1(2p) + 3(2r)
2p =
1+3
[ ]
8p = 2p + 6r
C(x, y) = 2(–2) + 5(3) , 2(4) + 5(–3) 6r = 6p
2+5 2+5
r=p
(
= 11 , –7
7 7 )
q = 1(3q) + 3(r)

7 (
= 1 4 , –1 )
1+3
4q = 3q + 3r
3p = q
[
4 (a) P(k, 3) = AP(6) + PB(‒2) , AP(–6) + PB(6)
AP + PB AP + PB ] p= q
3
AP(–6) + PB(6) =3
AP + PB
‒6AP + 6PB = 3AP + 3PB
9AP = 3PB
AP = 3
PB 9
=1
3
J45
[
(b) C(r, ‒2r) = 1(‒p + r) + 2(2q) , 1(p) + 2(‒6r)
1+2 1+2 ] [
Q(xQ, yQ) = 3(‒34) + 1(18) , 3(18) + 1(10)
3+1 3+1 ]
r= 1(‒p + r)
1+2
+ 2(2q)
4 [
= ‒102 + 18 , 54 + 10
4 ]
3r = ‒p + r + 4q
2r = ‒p + 4q
= –84 , 64
4 4 ( )
= (‒21, 16)
r = 4q ‒ p
2 Kedudukan dewan perbandaran, (x, y):
Position of the city hall, (x, y):
‒2r = 1(p) + 2(‒6r)
[ ]

1+2 (x, y) = 20 + (‒21) , 15 + 16
( ) ( )
p 6 2 2
= p – 12 4q ‒ p
3
4q ‒
‒6
21
‒12q + 3p = p – 24q + 6p
21 = – 1 , 31 (2 2 )
‒12q + 3p = 7p – 24q (c) 5AC = CB ⇔ AC = 1
4p = 12q CB 5
p = 3q C(2, 3) = [
1(x) + 5(0) , 1(y) + 5(2)
1+5 1+5 ]
6 (a) Persamaan AC/ Equation of AC: 2 = 1(x) + 5(0)
y ‒ (‒5) = 1 ‒ (‒5) 1+5
x‒4 ‒4 ‒ 4 12 = x + 0
y + 5 6
3
x = 12
=
x‒4 ‒84
3 = 1(y) + 5(2)
y + 5 = ‒ 3 x + 3 ……➀ 1+5
4 18 = y + 10
Persamaan BD/ Equation of BD: y=8
y ‒ (‒5) = 10 ‒ (‒5)
\ Koordinat rumah B ialah (12, 8).
x ‒ (–4) 4 ‒ (–4)
The coordinates of house B is (12, 8).
y + 5 = 15
x+4 8 (d) Koordinat/ Coordinates of M, (xM, yM):
y + 5 = 15 x + 15 ……➁
8 2 () () ( ) ( )
6 ‒ 0 = 11 ‒ xM
7 4 2 yM
➀ = ➁, 3
‒ x + 3 = 15 x + 15
4 8 2 M = ( ) ( ) ()
x
yM
11
2
‒ 6
3
15 x + 3 x = 3 – 15

8 4
21 x = ‒ 9
2 ( )
= 5
–1

8 2
MP = 2NP ⇔ MP = 2
x = – 12 NP 1
7
( )
3
y + 5 = ‒ 3 – 12 + 3
1 4 7
P(x, y) = 2(11)
[
+ 1(5) , 2(2) + 1(‒1)
2+1 2+1 ]
y = 30
7
‒5
= 22 + 5 , 4 – 1
3 [ 3 ]
= ‒ 5
= 27 , 3
3 3 ( )
7 = (9, 1)
(7 7 ) [
E – , ‒ 5 = p(4) + q(‒4) , p(‒5) + q(1)
12
p+q p+q ] (e) T(–9, 4)
m n
Q(12, 16)
H(5, p)
5 p(‒5) + q(1)
[ ]
‒ =
7 p+q H(5, p) = m(12) + n(‒9) , m(16) + n(4)

‒5p – 5q = ‒35p + 7q m+n m+n
5 = m(12) + n(‒9)
30p = 12q

p = 2 m+n
q 5 5m + 5n = 12m – 9n
(b) B(‒20, 5)
2 1
D(40, 20)
7m = 14n
P(xP, yP) m = 14
n
[ ]
7
P(xP, yP) = 2(40) + 1(‒20) , 2(20) + 1(5)
2+1 2+1 =2
1
= 80 ‒
3[20 , 40
3
+ 5
] p = m(16) + n(4)
m+n
= 60, 45
3 3 ( ) = 2(16) + 1(4)
2+1
= (20, 15) 32 + 4
=
3 1 3
C(18, 10) A(–34, 18) = 36
Q(xQ, yQ) 3
= 12
J46
Garis Lurus Selari dan Garis Lurus Serenjang 2 (a) y = 3x + 7 kx – 4y = 5

7.2 4y = kx – 5
Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines
1 (a) 4y = x + 7 y = kx ‒ 5
4 4
m1 = m2
y = 1x + 7 ⇒ m1 = 1
4 4 4 3 = k
4
64y – 16x = 8 k = 12
64y = 16x + 8 (b) 2x + y = 5 kx – 3y = 12
y = 1x + 1 ⇒ m2 = 1 y = ‒2x + 5 3y = kx – 12
4 8 4
1 y = kx ‒ 4
m1 = m2 = , kecerunan kedua-dua garis lurus adalah 3
4
sama, maka garis-garis itu adalah selari. m1 = m2

1
m1 = m2 = , the gradients of both straight lines are the same, –2 = k
4 3
thus the lines are parallel. k = –6
(b) x + 2y = 5 (c) 3x – 4y = 8 kx + 6y = 10
2y = ‒x + 5 4y = 3x – 8 6y = –kx + 10
y = ‒ 1 x + 5 ⇒ m1 = – 1 y = 3 x – 2 y = – kx + 5
2 2 2 4 6 3
x y
– =1 m1 = m2
3 6 3=– k
2x – y = 6
4 6
y = 2x – 6 ⇒ m2 = 2 3
k = 3 × (‒6)
m1 ≠ m2, kecerunan kedua-dua garis lurus adalah tidak 2 4
sama, maka garis-garis itu adalah tidak selari. = ‒ 9
m1 ≠ m2, the gradients of both straight lines are not the same, 2
thus the lines are not parallel. (d) 4x + y = 7 kx – 24y = –5
3x + 4y = 9
(c) y = ‒4x + 7 24y = kx + 5
4y = ‒3x + 9 y= k x+ 5
y = ‒ 3 x + 9 ⇒ m1 = ‒ 3 24 24
4 4 4 m1 = m2
3y = 4x ‒ 4
–4 = k
y = 4x ‒ 4 ⇒ m2 = 4 24
3 3 3 k = ‒96
m1 ≠ m2, kecerunan kedua-dua garis lurus adalah tidak (e) y = 2kx – 6 4x + y – 15 = 0
sama, maka garis-garis itu adalah tidak selari. y = ‒4x + 15
m1 ≠ m2, the gradients of both straight lines are not the same,
m1 = m2
thus the lines are not parallel.
2k = –4
(d) 2x + 3y = 8
k = –2
3y = ‒2x + 8
y = ‒ 2 x + 8 ⇒ m1 = ‒ 2 3 (a) 2y = ‒x + 3
3 3 3
4x + 6y = 1 y = ‒ 1 x + 3 ⇒m=‒ 1
2 2 2
6y = ‒4x + 1
y – 2 = ‒ 1 (x – 8)
y = ‒ 2 x + 1 ⇒ m2 = ‒ 2 2
3 6 3
y = ‒ 1 x + 4 + 2
m1 = m2 = ‒ 2 , kecerunan kedua-dua garis lurus adalah 2
3 y = ‒ 1 x + 6
sama, maka garis-garis itu adalah selari. 2
2
m1 = m2 = – , the gradients of both straight lines are the 8 – 3
3 (b) m1 = =5=1
same, thus the lines are parallel. 5–0 5
(e) 4y + 5 = 3x y – 4 = 1(x – 7)
4y = 3x – 5 y = x – 7 + 4
y = x ‒ 3
y = 3 x ‒ 5 ⇒ m1 = 3
4 4 4 (c) y = 2x + 5 ⇒m=2
x – y =1 y – 4 = 2[x – (‒3)]
6 8 y = 2x + 6 + 4
y = x ‒ 1 y = 2x + 10
8 6 (d) y = ‒3x + 8 ⇒ m = ‒3
y = 4 x – 8 ⇒ m2 = 4 y – 5 = ‒3[x – (‒3)]
3 3
m1 ≠ m2, kecerunan kedua-dua garis lurus adalah tidak y = ‒3x – 9 + 5
sama, maka garis-garis itu adalah tidak selari. y = ‒3x – 4
m1 ≠ m2, the gradients of both straight lines are not the same, (e) 3x – 4y = 8
thus the lines are not parallel. 4y = 3x – 8
y = 3 x ‒ 2 ⇒m=3
4 4
J47
y – 6 = 3 (x – 12) m1 × m2 = – 2 × 2 = – 4
4 3 3
y = 3 x – 9 + 6 m1⋅m2 ≠ ‒1, maka kedua-dua garis itu tidak
4 berserenjang antara satu sama lain.
y = 3 x – 3 m1⋅m2 ≠ –1, thus both lines are not perpendicular to each
4 other.
4 (a) 2y – 2x = 14 5 (a) 4y = x + 7 16y – kx = 8

2y = 2x + 14 y = 1x + 7 16y = kx + 8
y = x + 7 ⇒ m1 = 1 4 4 y= k x+1
x – 3y = 12 16 2
m1⋅m2 = ‒1

3y = x – 12
1 × k = ‒1
y = 1 x – 4 ⇒ m2 = 1 4 16
3 3
k = –64
m1 × m2 = 1 × 1
3 (b) 4y + 5 = kx x – y = 1
6 8
= 1 4y = kx – 5
3 y = x – 1
m1⋅m2 ≠ ‒1, maka kedua-dua garis itu tidak y = k x ‒ 5 8 6
berserenjang antara satu sama lain.
4 4 y = 4 x – 8
3
m1⋅m2 ≠ –1, thus both lines are not perpendicular to each m1⋅m2 = ‒1
other. k × 4 = ‒1

(b) 3x + y = 7 4 3
y = ‒3x + 7 ⇒ m1 = ‒3 k = ‒3
12x – 4y = 5 x + 2y = 5
(c) x – y = –1
4y = 12x – 5 2y = ‒x + 5 k 6
y = x + 1
y = 3x – 5 ⇒ m2 = 3 y = ‒ 1 x + 5 6 k
4 2 2
m1 × m2 = ‒3 × 3 y = 6 x + 6
m1⋅m2 = ‒1 k
= ‒9
m1⋅m2 ≠ ‒1, maka kedua-dua garis itu tidak ‒ 1 × 6 = ‒1
berserenjang antara satu sama lain. 2 k
m1⋅m2 ≠ –1, thus both lines are not perpendicular to each k = 3
other. (d) 2x + 3y = 8 kx + 6y = 1
(c) 4y – 3x = 6 3y = ‒2x + 8 6y = ‒kx + 1
4y = 3x + 6 y = ‒ 2 x + 8 y = – kx + 1
3 3 6 6
y = 3 x + 3 ⇒ m1 = 3
4 2 4 m1⋅m2 = ‒1
x + y =1

6 8 ‒ 2 × – k = ‒1
3 6
y = ‒ x + 1 k = ‒9
8 6
(e) kx + 4y = 9 3y = 4x – 4
y = ‒ 4 x + 8 ⇒ m2 = ‒ 4 4y = ‒kx + 9
3 3 y = 4 x ‒ 4
m1 × m2 = 3 × ‒ 4 = ‒1 y = – k x + 9 3 3
4 3 4 4
m1⋅m2 = ‒1, maka kedua-dua garis itu berserenjang m1⋅m2 = ‒1
antara satu sama lain.
m1⋅m2 = –1, thus both lines are perpendicular to each other. – k × 4 = ‒1
4 3
(d) 4x + y = 7 k = 3
y = ‒4x + 7 ⇒ m1 = ‒4
6x – 24y = ‒6 6 (a) 2x + 4y = 9
24y = 6x + 6 4y = ‒2x + 9
y = 1 x + 1 ⇒ m2 = 1 y=‒1x+9
4 4 4 2 4
1 m1⋅m2 = ‒1
m1 × m2 = ‒4 ×
4 ‒ 1 ⋅m2 = ‒1
= ‒1 2
m1⋅m2 = ‒1, maka kedua-dua garis itu berserenjang m2 = 2
antara satu sama lain.
m1⋅m2 = –1, thus both lines are perpendicular to each other. Koordinat/ Coordinates of P:
(e) 4x + 2y = 3 2x + 4(0) = 9
2y = ‒4x + 3 x = 9
2
y = ‒2x + 3 ⇒ m1 = –2
x ‒ y =1
2
( )
\ P 9, 0
2
3 2
Garis/ Line PQ:
y = x – 1
2 3
y = 2 x – 2 ⇒ m2 = 2
( )
y – 0 = 2 x – 9
2
3 3 y = 2x – 9
J48
(b) m1 = 4 – 0 = 4 Titik tengah PQ/ Midpoint of PQ:

7–0 7
m1⋅m2 = ‒1

2 ( 2 ) (
‒4 + 2 , ‒1 + 1 = ‒2 , 0
2 2 )
4 ⋅m = ‒1 = (‒1, 0)

7 2 Persamaan AB/ Equation AB:
m2 = ‒ 7 y – 0 = ‒3[x – (‒1)]
4 y = ‒3x – 3
Garis/ Line PQ: (ii) (a) y = ‒3x – 3 ..……➀
y – (‒2) = ‒ 7 (x – 4) y = 2x + 7 ..……➁
4
y + 2 = ‒ 7x + 7 ➀ = ➁, ‒3x – 3 = 2x + 7
4 5x = ‒10
y = ‒ 7x + 5 x = ‒2
4
(c) m1⋅m2 = ‒1 x = ‒2 ↷ ➁, y = 2(‒2) + 7
3⋅m2 = ‒1 = ‒4 + 7
=3
m2 = ‒ 1 \ Koordinat persimpangan ialah (‒2, 3).
3
The coordinates of the junction are (–2, 3).
Garis/ Line PQ:
y – 4 = ‒ 1 (x – 6)
(b) x = ‒ 4 ↷ ➀, y = ‒3 ‒ 4 – 3
3 3 ( )
3 =4–3
y = ‒ 1 x + 2 + 4 =1
3
y = ‒ 1 x + 6
3

3 ( )
x = ‒ 4 ↷ ➁, y = 2 ‒ 4 + 7
3
(d) m1⋅m2 = ‒1 =‒8+7
–2⋅m2 = ‒1 3
m2 = 1 = 41
2 3
\ Jalan utama AB melalui bandar D.
Garis/ Line PQ: Main road AB passes through city D.
y – (‒3) = 1 (x – 4)
2
7.3 Luas Poligon
y + 3 = 1 x – 2 Areas of Polygons
2
y = 1 x – 5 1 (a) Luas/ Area of EFG:
2
(e) 9 = 2x + 5y m1⋅m2 = ‒1 | |
1 0 4 4 0 = 1 |(0 – 4 + 8) – (8 + 20 – 0)|
2 2 5 –1 2 2
5y = ‒2x + 9
– 2 ⋅m2 = ‒1 = 1 |4 – 28|
y = ‒ 2x + 9 5 2
5 5 m2 = 5 = 1 |‒24|
2 2
Garis/ Line PQ: = 1 (24)
2
y – 6 = 5 [x – (‒2)] = 12 unit2/ units2
2
(b) Luas/ Area of EFG:
y – 6 = 5x + 5
2 |
1 –3 –1 4 –3
2 1 5 –2 1
|
y = 5 x + 11 1
2 = |(‒15 + 2 + 4) – (‒1 + 20 + 6)|
2
7 (a) mAB = 5 – 3 = 2 = 1 |(‒9) – 25|
7 – (–2) 9 2
m⋅mAB = ‒1
= 1 |‒34|
2

9 ()
2 m = ‒1
= 1 (34)
m = ‒ 9 2
2 = 17 unit2/ units2
Persamaan laluan Shani/ Equation of Shani’s path: (c) Luas/ Area of EFG:
y – (‒3) = ‒ 9 (x – 4)
2 |
1 –1 3 –6 –1
2 –5 2 3 –5
|
y + 3 = ‒ 9 x + 18 = 1 |(‒2 + 9 + 30) – (‒15 – 12 – 3)|
2 2
y = ‒ 9 x + 15 = 1 |37 – (‒30)|
2 2
(b) (i) mPQ = 1 ‒ (‒1) = 2 = 1 = 1 |67|
2 ‒ (‒4) 6 3 2
mAB⋅mPQ = ‒1 = 1 (67)
2
()
1 mAB = ‒1
3
= 33.5 unit2/ units2
mAB = ‒3
J49
2 (a) Luas/ Area of ABC = 6 unit2/ units2 ‒27 – 3x = ‒48 ‒27 – 3x = 48

|
1 0 k 4 0 =6
2 1 3 –1 1 |

‒3x = ‒21
x=7
‒3x = 75
x = ‒25
|(0 – k + 4) – (k + 12 – 0)| = 12 \ Koordinat R yang mungkin ialah (‒25, 0) atau (7, 0).
|(4 – k) – (12 + k)| = 12 The possible coordinates of R are (–25, 0) or (7, 0).
|‒8 – 2k| = 12

‒8 – 2k = ‒12
‒8 – 2k = ±12
‒8 – 2k = 12
4 (a) Luas/ Area = 1 4 | 8
2 –2 2 –1 –2
5 4
|
‒2k = ‒4 ‒2k = 20 = 1 |(8 ‒ 8 – 10) – (‒16 + 10 ‒ 4)|
2
k = 2 k = ‒10
= 1 |(‒10) – (‒10)|
(b) Luas/ Area of ABC = 10 unit2/ units2 2
1 k –1 4
2 0 3 –2 0 | k = 10
| = 1 |0|
2
|(3k + 2 + 0) – (‒0 + 12 – 2k)| = 20 = 0 unit2 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)

|(2 + 3k) – (12 ‒ 2k)| = 20
|‒10 + 5k| = 20
(b) Luas/ Area = 1 2
2 3 | 6 –3 2
7 –2 3
|
‒10 + 5k = ±20 1
= |(14 ‒ 12 – 9) – (18 ‒ 21 ‒ 4)|
–10 + 5k = ‒20 ‒10 + 5k = 20 2
5k = ‒10 5k = 30 = 1 |(‒7) – (‒7)|
2
k = –2 k=6
= 1 |0|
(c) Luas/ Area of ABC = 10.5 unit2/ units2 2
1 6 4
2 1 –2 7 1
k| 6 = 10.5
| = 0 unit2 (Ditunjukkan/ Shown)

|(‒12 + 28 + k) – (4 – 2k + 42)| = 21
|(16 + k) – (46 ‒ 2k)| = 21
|
5 (a) Luas/ Area = 1 –2 6 4
2 1 4 –2 –3 1
2 –2
|
|‒30 + 3k| = 21 = 1 |(‒8 – 12 – 12 + 2) – (6 + 16 – 4 + 6)|
2
‒30 + 3k = ±21
= 1 |(‒30) – 24|
–30 + 3k = ‒21 ‒30 + 3k = 21 2
3k = 9 3k = 51 = 1 |‒54|
k = 3 k = 17 2
= 1 (54)
2
3 (a) Luas/ Area = 7
= 27 unit2/ units2
1 4
2 7 8 0 7 |
1 x 4 =7
| |
(b) Luas/ Area = 1 4 0 2 6 4 |
2 8 5 0 3 8
|(32 + 0 + 7x) – (7 + 8x + 0)| = 14
|(32 + 7x) – (7 + 8x)| = 14 = 1 |(20 + 0 + 6 + 48) – (0 + 10 + 0 + 12)|
2
|25 – x| = 14
25 – x = ±14 = 1 |74 – 22|
2
25 – x = ‒14 25 – x = 14
= 1 |52|
x = 39 x = 11 2
\ Koordinat R yang mungkin ialah (11, 0) atau (39, 0). = 26 unit2/ units2

(b)
The possible coordinates of R are (11, 0) or (39, 0).
Luas/ Area = 18 (c) Luas/ Area = 1 |
1 –1 1 5 1
2 –1 0 2 2 –1 |
1 –4 3 |
2 –2 2
x –4 = 18
0 –2
| = 1 |(0 – 2 + 2 – 5) – (1 + 0 + 10 + 2)|
2
|(‒8 + 0 – 2x) – (‒6 + 2x ‒ 0)| = 36 = 1 |(‒5) – 13|
|(‒8 – 2x) – (‒6 + 2x)| = 36 2
|‒2 – 4x| = 36 = 1 |‒18|
2
‒2 – 4x = ±36
= 1 (18)
‒2 – 4x = ‒36 ‒2 – 4x = 36 2
‒4x = ‒34 ‒4x = 38 = 9 unit2/ units2
x = 17 x = – 19
2 2
6 (a) Luas/ Area = 33
2 2( ) ( )
\ Koordinat R yang mungkin ialah – 19 , 0 atau 17 , 0 .
|
1 2 4 5 k 2 = 33
2
|
2 3 1 6 7 3 2
The possible coordinates of R are –
19
2
, 0 or(17
2
,0. ) ( ) |(2 + 24 + 35 + 3k) – (12 + 5 + 6k + 14)| = 33
(c) Luas/ Area = 24 |(61 + 3k) – (31 + 6k)| = 33
|30 – 3k| = 33
1 –1 5
2 4 | 7
x
0
–1
4
= 24 | 30 – 3k = ±33
|(‒7 + 0 + 4x) – (20 + 7x ‒ 0)| = 48 30 – 3k = ‒33 30 – 3k = 33
|(‒7 + 4x) – (20 + 7x)| = 48 3k = 63 3k = ‒3
|‒27 – 3x| = 48 k = 21 k = ‒1
‒27 – 3x = ±48
J50
(b) Luas/ Area = 2.5 (iii) Luas/ Area of ABCD:

|
1 1 5 5 0 1 = 2.5
2 3 7 6 k 3 | |
1 –3 –1 5
2 2 6 8
3 –3
4 2 |
|(7 + 30 + 5k + 0) – (15 + 35 + 0 + k)| = 5
|(37 + 5k) – (50 + k)| = 5 = 1 |(‒18 – 8 + 20 + 6) – (‒2 + 30 + 24 – 12)|
2
|‒13 + 4k| = 5
= 1 |0 – 40|
‒13 + 4k = ±5 2
‒13 + 4k = ‒5 ‒13 + 4k = 5
= 1 |‒40|
4k = 8 4k = 18 2
k=2 k = 4.5 = 1 (40)
(c) Luas/ Area = 116 2
= 20 unit2/ units2
1 –2
2 k 12 3|
10 2 –10 –2 = 116
4 k |
(b) Biar koordinat C sebagai (x, y).
Let the coordinates of C be (x, y).
|(‒24 + 30 + 8 – 10k) – (10k + 24 – 30 – 8)| = 232
Luas/ Area = 70.5
|(14 – 10k) – (10k – 14)| = 232

|28 – 20k| = 232
28 – 20k = ±232
1 9 6
| x
2 8 –1 y 10 8
3 9
|
= 70.5
|(‒9 + 6y + 10x + 24) – (48 – x + 3y + 90)| = 141
28 – 20k = ‒232 28 – 20k = 232 |(10x + 6y + 15) – (‒x + 3y + 138)| = 141
20k = 260 20k = ‒204 |11x + 3y – 123| = 141
11x + 3y – 123 = ±141
k = 13 k = ‒ 51 2x + 3y = 9 ……➀
5
11x + 3y – 123 = 141 ……➁
7 (a) Luas/ Area 11x + 3y – 123 = ‒141 ……➂
|
= 1 2 4 2 –1 –3 2
2 2 3 6 6 3 2 | Kes/ Case 1: ➁ – ➀
11x – 2x – 123 = 141 – 9
= 1 |(6 + 24 + 12 – 3 – 6) – (8 + 6 – 6 – 18 + 6)| 9x = 132 + 123
2 9x = 255
= 1 |33 – (‒4)| 85
2 x=
3
= 1 |37|
2
= 18.5 unit2/ units2
x=

85
3
↷ ➀, 2
85
3 ( )
+ 3y = 9
3y = 9 –
170
(b) Luas/ Area 3
2 4|
= 1 –2 –3 –2 2
2 –2 –3 –1 2
5 4 –2
4
| 3y = ‒
143
3
143
= 1 |(‒4 + 6 + 6 – 2 + 10 + 16) – (‒12 – 4 – 4 ‒ 15 – 4 – 4)| y=‒
9
2
Kes/ Case 2: ➂ – ➀
= 1 |32 – (‒43)|
2 11x – 2x – 123 = ‒141 – 9
= 1 |75| 9x = ‒150 + 123
2 9x = ‒27
= 37.5 unit2/ units2 x = ‒3
x = ‒3 ↷ ➀, 2(‒3) + 3y = 9
8 (a) (i) Koordinat M/ Coordinates of M:
3y = 9 + 6
, [
(‒3) + 5 2 + 8
2 2
= 2,
2 2 ] (
10
)

3y = 15
y=5
= (1, 5) \ C(‒3, 5)
(ii) Koordinat D/ Area of D: (1, 5) =
2
[
(‒1) + x 6 + y
,
2
] (c) Luas/ Area = 34
= 1
(‒1) + x
2
6+y
2
=5 1 –4 k
2 5 | 4 –2 –4 = 34
4 –2 –1 5 |
‒1 + x = 2 6 + y = 10 |(‒16 – 2k – 4 – 10) – (5k + 16 + 4 + 4)| = 68
x=3 y=4 |(‒30 – 2k) – (5k + 24)| = 68
\ D(3, 4) |‒7k – 54| = 68
Nisbah luas/ Ratio of area: ‒7k – 54 = ±68
ABC : DCM ‒7k – 54 = ‒68 ‒7k – 54 = 68
2 2 |
= 1 –3 –1 5 –3 : 1 3 5 1 3
6 8 2 2 4 8 5 4
| | | ‒7k = ‒14
k = 2
‒7k = 122
k=‒
122
7
= |(‒18 – 8 + 10) |(24 + 25 + 4)
: \ k > 0, maka/ thus k = 2
–(‒2 + 30 – 24)| – (20 + 8 + 15)|
= |‒16 – 4| : |53 – 43| Luas ABC/ Area of ABC:
= |‒20| : |10|
= 20 : 10
1 –4 2
2 5 | 4 –4 1
4 –2 5 |
= |(‒16 – 4 + 20) – (10 + 16 + 8)|
2
= 2 : 1 = 1 |0 – 34|
2
= 1 |‒34|
2
= 1 (34)
2
= 17 unit2/ units2
(Ditunjukkan/ Shown)
J51
Persamaan Lokus PA = 2
7.4 PB 1
Equations of Loci
PA = 2PB
1 (a) Lokus/ Locus P
(x ‒ 2)2 + [y ‒ (‒1)]2 = 2 (x ‒ (‒1)]2 + (y ‒ 3)2
(x ‒ 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4[(x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2]
A(–2, 5)
x2 ‒ 4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1 = 4[x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 6y + 9]
6 unit x2 ‒ 4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1 = 4x2 + 8x + 4 + 4y2 – 24y + 36
6 units
P(x, y) 3x2 + 3y2 + 12x – 26y + 35 = 0
PA = 6 (b)
[x ‒ (‒2)]2 + (y ‒ 5)2 = 6
(x + 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 36
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 10y + 25 = 36
x2 + y2 + 4x – 10y – 7 = 0
(b) Lokus/ Locus P
AP = 1
A(4, –3)
PB 2
5 unit 2AP = PB
5 units P(x, y) 2 [x ‒ (‒1)]2 + (y ‒ 2)2 = (x ‒ 3)2 + (y ‒ 4)2
4[(x + 1)2 + (y ‒ 2)2] = (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2
PA = 5
4[x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4] = x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 8y + 16
(x ‒ 4)2 + [y ‒ (‒3)]2 = 5
4x2 + 8x + 4 + 4y2 – 16y + 16 = x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 8y + 16
(x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25
3x2 + 3y2 + 14x – 8y ‒ 5 = 0
x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 25
x2 + y2 – 8x + 6y = 0 (c)
(c) Lokus/ Locus P
A(0, 2)
3 unit
3 units
P(x, y)
PA = 3
(x ‒ 0)2 + (y ‒ 2)2 = 3 PQ = 3
(x – 0)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9 PR 2
x2 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 9 2PQ = 3PR
x2 + y2 – 4y – 5 = 0 2 (x ‒ 4)2 + (y ‒ 0)2 = 3 (x ‒ 2)2 + [y ‒ (‒5)]2
4[(x – 4)2 + y2] = 9[(x – 2)2 + (y + 5)2]
(d) Lokus/ Locus P
4[x2 – 8x + 16 + y2] = 9[x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 10y + 25]
A(3, 7) 4x2 – 32x + 64 + 4y2 = 9x2 – 36x + 36 + 9y2 + 90y + 225
5x2 + 5y2 – 4x + 90y + 197 = 0
4 unit
4 units P(x, y) (d) PQ = PR
(x ‒ 6)2 + (y ‒ 6)2 = [x ‒ (‒4)]2 + (y ‒ 0)2
PA = 4 (x – 6)2 + (y – 6)2 = (x + 4)2 + y2
(x ‒ 3)2 + (y ‒ 7)2 = 4 x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 – 12y + 36 = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2
(x – 3)2 + (y – 7)2 = 16 20x + 12y – 56 = 0 , ÷ 4
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 14y + 49 = 16 5x + 3y – 14 = 0
x2 + y2 – 6x – 14y + 42 = 0 (e) PA = PB
(e) Lokus/ Locus P [x ‒ (‒5)]2 + [y ‒ (‒8)]2 = (x ‒ 6)2 + [y ‒ (‒4)]2
(x + 5)2 + (y + 8)2 = (x – 6)2 + (y + 4)2
A(–2, –4)
x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 + 16y + 64 = x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 + 8y + 16
2 unit
22x + 8y + 37 = 0
2 units P(x, y)
3 (a) (i) Luas/ Area = 30

PA = 2
[x ‒ (‒2)]2 + [y ‒ (‒4)]2 = 2
1 0
20 8 2 0|
‒6 k 0 = 30
|
(x + 2)2 + (y + 4)2 = 4 |(0 – 12 + 0) – (0 + 8k + 0)| = 60
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 8y + 16 = 4 |‒12 – 8k| = 60
x2 + y2 + 4x + 8y + 16 = 0 ‒12 – 8k = ±60
2 (a) ‒12 – 8k = ‒60 ‒12 – 8k = 60

8k = 48 8k = ‒72
k=6 k = ‒9
\ k > 0, maka/ thus k = 6
J52
(ii) (a) (2, 4) = [ AQ(6)AQ++QB(‒6)

QB
,
AQ(2) + QB(9)
AQ + QB
] (b) y = 2x + 3 ……➀
y = ‒ 1 x – 5 ……➁
AQ(6) + QB(‒6) 2
=2
AQ + QB ➀ = ➁, 2x + 3 = ‒ 1 x – 5
2
6AQ – 6QB = 2AQ + 2QB 5 x = ‒8
4AQ = 8QB
2
AQ = 2 x = ‒ 16
QB 1 5
\ AQ : QB = 2 : 1
(b) PB = 2PQ
x = ‒ 16 ↷ ➀,
5 ( )
y = 2 ‒ 16 + 3
5
(x ‒ 6)2 + (y ‒ 2)2 = 2 (x ‒ 2)2 + (y ‒ 4)2 32
=‒ +3
(x – 6)2 + (y – 2)2 = 4[(x – 2)2 + (y – 4)2] 5
x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 4[x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16]
x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 4x2 – 16x + 16 + 4y2 – 32y + 64 = ‒ 17
5
( )
3x2 + 3y2 – 4x – 28y + 40 = 0
(b) (i) PA = PB \ B ‒ 16 , ‒ 17
5 5
[x ‒ (‒3)]2 + (y ‒ 2)2 = [‒6 ‒ (‒3)]2 + [‒2 ‒ 2]2
(x + 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = (‒6 + 3)2 + (‒4)2 2 Biar C(x, y) sebagai titik pertemuan.
Let C(x, y) be the meeting point.
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 9 + 16
x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y – 12 = 0 AC = 2CB
(ii) Apabila/ When x = 1, AC : CB = 2 : 1
(1)2 + y2 + 6(1) – 4y – 12 = 0
y2 – 4y – 5 = 0 C(x, y) =[ 2(10) + 1(‒5) 2(‒13) + 1(5)
2+1
,
2+1
]

(y + 1)(y – 5) = 0
y = ‒1 atau/ or 5 (
= 15 , –21
3 3 )
\ Koordinat Q yang mungkin ialah (1, ‒1) atau (1, 5). = (5, ‒7)
The possible coordinates of Q are (1, –1) or (1, 5). Jarak/ Distance:
2 ‒ (‒2) [5 ‒ (‒5)]2 + [(‒7) ‒ 5]2 = (10)2 + (‒12)2
(iii) mAB = =4
(‒3) ‒ (‒6) 3 = 100 + 144
mAB⋅mBC = ‒1 = 244
= 2 61 unit/ units
3 ()
4 mBC = ‒1
3 PC = 2PK
mBC = ‒ 3 [x ‒ (‒2)]2 + (y ‒ 1)2 = 2 (x ‒ 4)2 + (y ‒ 3)2
4
(x + 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 4[(x – 4)2 + (y – 3)2]
y – (‒2) = ‒ 3 [x – (‒6)]
4 x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 4(x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 – 6y + 9)
y = ‒ 3x ‒ 9 ‒ 2 x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 4x2 – 32x + 64 + 4y2 – 24y + 36
4 2 3x2 + 3y2 – 36x – 22y + 95 = 0
y = ‒ 3 x – 13
4 2
Kertas 2
A(‒3, 2), B(‒6, ‒2), C 0, – 13
2 ( ) Bahagian C/ Section C
Luas/ Area of ABC 1 (a) y = ‒8x – 24 ……➀
| |
7y = ‒4x + 40 ……➁
‒3 ‒6 0 ‒3
= 1 ➀ ↷ ➁, 7(‒8x – 24) = ‒4x + 40
2 2 ‒2 – 13 2 ‒56x – 168 = ‒4x + 40
2
| (
= 1 (6 + 39 + 0) – ‒12 – 0 + 19 1
2 2 )|

52x = ‒208
x = ‒4
= 1 45 – 7 1
2 2| |
x = ‒4 ↷ ➀, y = ‒8(‒4) – 24
= 32 – 24
1
= 37
2
1
2 | |
\ C(‒4, 8)
=8
= 37 1
1
2 2 ( ) (b) Koordinat B/ Coordinates of B:
Apabila/ When y = 0, ‒8x – 24 = 0
= 18.75 unit2/ units2 8x = ‒24
x = ‒3
\ B(‒3, 0)
Praktis ke Arah SPM AB : BD = 2 : 3
Kertas 1
B(‒3, 0) = [
2(x) + 3(3) 2(y) + 3(4)
2+3
,
2+3
]
2(x) + 3(3) 2(y) + 3(4)
1 (a) m1m2 = ‒1 = ‒3 =0
2+3 2+3
(2)(k) = ‒1 2x + 9 = ‒15 2y + 12 = 0
k = ‒ 1 2x = ‒24 2y = ‒12
2
x = ‒12 y = ‒6
\ D(‒12, ‒6)
J53
(c) PD = PC (d) Kuantiti vektor kerana kuantiti itu mempunyai

[x ‒ (‒12)]2 + [y ‒ (–6)]2 = [x ‒ (‒4)]2 + (y ‒ 8)2 magnitud (120 km/j) dan arah (selatan).
(x + 12)2 + (y + 6)2 = (x + 4)2 + (y – 8)2 Vector quantity because the quantity has magnitude (120 km/h)
and direction (south).
x2 + 24x + 144 + y2 + 12y + 36 = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 16y + 64
(e) Kuantiti vektor kerana kuantiti itu mempunyai
16x + 28y + 100 = 0 , ÷4
magnitud (3.0 Ns) dan arah (mendatar).
4x + 7y + 25 = 0 Vector quantity because the quantity has magnitude
(3.0 Ns) and direction (horizontally).
4 ‒ (‒1) 5 (f) Kuantiti skalar kerana kuantiti itu hanya mempunyai
2 (a) mLM = = = ‒1
0‒5 ‒5 magnitud (2 minggu).
Garis lurus KN/ Straight line KN: Scalar quantity because the quantity has only magnitude
y – 2 = ‒1(x – 11) (2 weeks).
y = ‒x + 11 + 2 (g) Kuantiti vektor kerana kuantiti itu mempunyai
magnitud (1.5 m) dan arah (ke lantai).
y = ‒x + 13…… ➀ Vector quantity because the quantity has magnitude
2 ‒ (‒1) 3 1 (1.5 m) and direction (to the floor).
mMN = = =
11 ‒ 5 6 2
Garis lurus KL/ Straight line KL: 2 (a)
y – 4 = 1 (x – 0) U
2
y = 1 x + 4 ……➁ ~e
2
➀ = ➁, ‒x + 13 = 1 x + 4
2
3x = 9 1 cm mewakili 4 N.

2 1 cm represents 4 N.
x=6 (b) r
x = 6 ↷ ➀, y = ‒6 + 13
=7 1 cm mewakili 20 km j‒1.
\ K(6, 7) 1 cm represents 20 km h–1.
(b) MP = 2NP (c) U
MP 2 5N
=
NP 1 C D
P(x, y) = [
2(11) + 1(5) 2(2) + 1(‒1)
2+1
,
2+1
] 1 cm mewakili 5 N.
= (
27
3 3
, 3
) 1 cm represents 5 N.
= (9, 1) (d)
U
(c) m⋅mMN = ‒1

2 ()
m 1 = ‒1
u
~
m = ‒2
Persamaan/ Equation: y – (‒1) = ‒2(x – 5)
y + 1 = ‒2x + 10
y = ‒2x + 9
QL 1
(d) = 1 cm mewakili 10 km.
QM 2
1 cm represents 10 km.
2QL = QM
(e) a
2 (x ‒ 0)2 + (y ‒ 4)2 = (x ‒ 5)2 + [y ‒ (‒1)]2
4[x2 + (y – 4)2] = (x – 5)2 + (y + 1)2 1 cm mewakili 3 kg⋅m s‒1.
4(x2 + y2 – 8y + 16) = x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 + 2y + 1 1 cm represents 3 kg⋅m s–1.
4x2 + 4y2 – 32y + 64 = x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 + 2y + 1
3x2 + 3y2 + 10x – 34y + 38 = 0 3 (a) | i | = 42 + 42
~
= 32
Bab 8 = 4 2 unit/ units
\ Magnitud i ialah 4 2 unit dan arah i adalah ke
~ ~
8.1 Vector barat laut.
Vectors The magnitude of i is 4 2 units and the direction of i is
~ ~
1 (a) Kuantiti skalar kerana kuantiti itu hanya mempunyai to the northwest.
magnitud (48 kg). (b) |r| = 22 + 42
Scalar quantity because the quantity has only magnitude (48 kg). = 20
(b) Kuantiti skalar kerana kuantiti itu hanya mempunyai = 2 5 unit/ units
magnitud (100 m).
Scalar quantity because the quantity has only magnitude tan θ = 2
4
(100 m).
θ = 26.57°
(c) Kuantiti skalar kerana kuantiti itu hanya mempunyai
magnitud (100°C). \ Magnitud r ialah 2 5 unit dan arah r adalah
Scalar quantity because the quantity has only magnitude 026.57°.
(100°C). The magnitude of r is 2 5 units and the direction of r is
026.57°.
J54
4 (a) P 90 km | MN | = 902 + 752 →

M 7 (a) PQ = 10 a
= 13 725 ~
75 km = 117.15 km = 1 (20 a )
2 ~
1 →
= RS
N 2
→ →
\ Jarak di antara kereta M dan kereta N ialah 117.15 km.
(b) YZ = XY
The distance between car M and car N is 117.15 km. 21 6
(b) 500 m S → 21 →
J | jm | = 5002 + 3862 YZ = XY
= 398 996 6
7 →
386 m = 631.66 m = XY
2
( )
M → → →
\ Jarak di antara rumah John dan rumah Max ialah 8 (a) 6 a = PQ QR = 2 PQ
~ 6
631.66 m. →
→
The distance between John’s house and Max’s house is a = PQ = PQ 1
~ 6 3
631.66 m.
→ 1 → → →
→ \ QR = PQ, maka PQ dan QR adalah selari dan Q
3 sepunya, maka P, Q dan R adalah segaris.
5 (a) (i) HG ialah titik
→ → 1 → → →
(ii) MN QR = PQ , thus PQ and QR are parallel and Q is a
→ 3
common point, thus P, Q and R are collinear.
(iii) KL
( )
→ → →
(iv) f
d (b) 13 a = KL LM = 26 KL
(v) ~ ~ → 13
→ → a KL →
(vi) – HG atau/ or GH ~ = 13 = 2 KL
→ →
(vii) – MN atau/ or NM → → → →
→ → \ LM = 2 KL, maka KL dan LM adalah selari dan L ialah
(viii) – KL atau/ or LK
titik sepunya, maka K, L dan M adalah segaris.
(ix) –f → → → →
(x) – ~d LM = 2 KL, thus KL and LM are parallel and L is a common
(b) (i) p point, thus K, L and M are collinear.
~
→
(ii) – RQ atau/ or – ~r 9 (a) h – k = 0
→ h = k
(iii) – RS atau/ or ~s
(iv) m h+k+4=0
~
(v) n h+h+4=0
~
(vi) ~q 2h = ‒4
→ h = ‒2
(c) (i) FE =k
→
(ii) AF (b) k – 5 = 0
→ k = 5
(iii) BA 2h – k + 7 = 0
→ →
(iv) – DE = ED 2h – 5 + 4 = 0
→ → 2h – 1 = 0
(v) – CD = DC
→ → 2h = 1
(vi) – BC = CB h=1
2
6 (a) (i) 1 a (c) (k + 3)u + 5v = hu + kv
2~ (k + 3)u – hu = kv – 5v
(ii) 2 a (k + 3 – h)u = (k ‒ 5)v
~
(b) (i) – a k–5=0 k+3–h=0
~
(ii) –3 a k = 5 5+3=h
~ h=8
(iii) 5 a
~ → →
(iv) a1 (d) AB = m BC
2~ (h + 8)b + 2c = m(hb + c)
(v) –2 a (h + 8)b + 2c = mhb + mc
~
(vi) 2 a
~ m=2 h + 8 = mh
(vii) 3 a h + 8 = 2h
2~
h=8
(viii) 4 a
~
(ix) 5 a
2~
J55
→ → → → → →
(e) GJ = m HJ (d) SP = SR + RQ + QP
(p – 2)g + 5h = m[g + (2 + p)h] → → →
(p – 2)g + 5h = mg + m(2 + p)h = 3 PQ + RQ – PQ
2
(p – 2)g + 5h = mg + (2m + mp)h
= 3 ~x – ~x + y
p–2=m 2m + mp = 5 2 ~
2(p – 2) + (p – 2)p = 5 = 1 ~x + y
2p – 4 + p2 – 2p = 5 2 ~
p2 = 5 + 4 → → →
(e) (i) ST = (‒ PS ) + PT
=9
p=3 = ‒ x + y
~ ~
→ → →
(ii) PQ = PU + UQ
8.2 Penambahan dan Penolakan Vektor → →
Additions and Subtractions of Vectors = 2 PT + 2 RQ
3
1 (a)
3a
(b) = 2 y + 2 3 (x – 3 y )
~ 3 2 ~( )[ ]
~ = 2 y + x – 3 y
3 ~ ~ ~
–b
~
2a + b
~ 2~ = x – y
3a – b
~ ~ 3b
~ ~
2~
2a 8.3 Vektor dalam Satah Cartes
~ Vectors in Cartesian Plane
(c) 4a 1 (a) →
~
PQ
= 6i~ + 3j
~
5
4a – b
~ 2~
5
– b
2~ ~
()
= 6
3
~
→ → →
2 (a) (i) PR = PO + OR
→ (b) →
= ‒ OP + 4 y PQ
~
= ‒6 x + 4 y = 4i~ + 6j
~ ~ ~
→ → →
(ii) OQ = OP + PQ
→ ()
= 4
6
= 6 x + 3 PR
~ 4
~
= 6 x + 3 (‒6 x + 4 y )
~ 4 ~ ~
= 6 x – 9 x + 3 y ~
~ 2~ ~ (c) →
PQ
= 3 x + 3 y
2~ ~ = –3i~ – 5j
→ → → ~
(b) (i) RS = RQ + QS
→
~
( )
= –3
–5
= ‒ QR + (6 y – 4 x )
~ ~
= ‒6 y + 6 y – 4 x
~ ~ ~
= ‒4 x ~
~
→ → → →
(ii) PQ = PS + SR + RQ
→ →
= 3 x + (‒ RS ) + (‒ QR) (d) →
~ PQ
= 3 x + 4 x – 6 y
~ ~ ~ = –6i~ – 3j
= 7 x – 6 y ~
~ ~
→ → →
(iii) TS = TP + PS ~
= –6( )
–3
→
= 1 (‒ PQ) + 3 x
2 ~
~
= 1 (‒7 x + 6 y ) + 3 x
2 ~ ~ ~
= x + 3 y 1
2~ ~
→ → → →
(c) BC = BA + AC
→
(e) OP = 2i~ + 4j = 2
~ 4
()
= ‒ AB + (4 x – y ) →
~ ~
= ‒(2 x + 3 y ) + 4 x – y
OQ = 3i~ – 2j = 3
~ –2
( )
~ ~ ~ ~ →
= ‒2 x – 3 y + 4 x – y
= 2 x ‒ 4 y
~ ~ ~ ~ PQ = ~i – 6j = 1
~ –6
( )
~ ~
J56
→ (f) Magnitud/ Magnitude:

(f) ( )
OP = 3i~ – 2j = 3
~ –2 | r | = 0.22 + 0.42
~
→ = 0.04 + 0.16
( )
OQ = –3i~ – 6j = –3
~ –6 = 0.2 unit/ units
→
( )
PQ = –6i~ – 4j = –6 Vektor unit/ Unit vector:
~ –4
2 (a) Magnitud/ Magnitude: ~
r = 1 0.2 ( )
0.2 0.4
( )
| r | = 82 + 22 0.2
~
= 64 + 4
= 0.2
= 68 0.4
= 2 17 unit/ units 0.2
Vektor unit/ Unit vector: (g) Magnitud/ Magnitude:
r = 8i + 2j | r | = (–2)2 + (–6)2
~ 2 17 ~
= 4 + 36
= 40
= 8 ~i + 2 j
2 17 2 17 ~ = 2 10 unit/ units
Vektor unit/ Unit vector:
= 4 ~i + 1 j
17 17 ~ r = 1 –2
~
2 10
–6 ( )
( )
(b) Magnitud/ Magnitude: 1
–
| ~r | = (–2)2 + 92 10
= 4 + 81 =
= 85 unit/ units – 3
10
(h) Magnitud/ Magnitude:
r = –2i + 9j
~ | r | = 12 + (–4)2
85 ~
2 = 1 + 16
=– i+ 9 j
85 ~
= 17 unit/ units
85 ~
(c) Magnitud/ Magnitude:
| r | = (–4)2 + (–12)2
~
r = 1 1
~ 17 –4
( )
( )
= 16 + 144
1
= 160
= 4 10 unit/ units = 17
4
Vektor unit/ Unit vector: –
17
r = –4i – 12j
~ 4 10
~ ~ ~ ( ) ( ) ( )
3 (a) (i) 3p – 2q + r = 3 5 – 2 1 + –4
–9 2 8
= – 4 ~i – 12 j
4 10 4 10 ~ = ( ) ( ) ( )
15
–27
– 2
4
+ –4
8
= – 1 ~i – 3 j
10 10 ~ = 9 ( )
–23
(d) Magnitud/ Magnitude:
| r | = 72 + (–11)2
~ ~
1
( ) ( ) ( )
(ii) p + 2q – r = 5 + 2 1 – 1 –4
~ 2~ –9 2 2 8
= 49 + 121 ( ) ( ) ( )
= 5 + 2 – –2
–9 4 4
= 170 unit/ units
= 9 ( )
–9
~
r = 7i – 11j
170 ~ 7( ) ( ) ( )
(b) (i) 2p – 4q + r = 2 5 – 4 –2 + –4
~ ~ –6 3
=
7
i – 11 j ( ) ( ) ( )
= 10 – –8 + –4
14 –24 3
170 ~ 170 ~
(e) Magnitud/ Magnitude:
= 14( )
41
| ~r | = 22 + (–8)2
= 4 + 64 ~ 2~ 7( ) ( ) ( )
(ii) p – q + 2r = 5 – 1 –2 + 2 –4
1
~ 2 –6 3
= 68
= 2 17 unit/ units
( ) ( ) ( )
= 57 – –1 –3
+ –8
6

= –2 ( )
16
r = 2i – 8j (c) (i) 3r – s + 4 t = 3(4i~ + 5j) – (2i~ + 3j) + 4(‒3i~ – 2j)
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
2 17 = 12i~ + 15j – 2i~ ‒ 3j ‒ 12i~ – 8j
~ ~ ~
= 2 ~i – 8 j = (12 – 2 – 12)i~ + (15 – 3 – 8)j
2 17 2 17 ~ = ‒2i~ + 4j ~
1 ~
= i– 4 j
17 ~ 17 ~
J57
(ii) 2 s + r – t = 2(2i~ + 3j) + (4i~ + 5j) – (‒3i~ – 2j)

~ ~ ~ (c) ~r = ~v + u ~
~ ~ ~

= 4i~ + 6j + 4i~ + 5j + 3i~ + 2j
~ ~
= (4 + 4 + 3)i~ + (6 + 5 + 2)j
~ ( ) ( )
= 7 + –5
4 3
= 11i~ + 13j
~
~
= 2 ( ) 7
7j
~
(d) (i) 1 q – r + 3p = 1 (6i~ – 3j) – (‒4i~ – 2j) + 3(2i~ + j) Magnitud/ Magnitude:

3~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ | ~r | = | ~v + u
= 2i~ ‒ j + 4i~ + 2j+ 6i~ + 3j ~| 2i~
~ ~ ~ = 2 2
+ 72
= (2 + 4 + 6)i~ + (‒1 + 6 + 3)j
~ = 4 + 49
= 12i~ + 8j
~ = 53 unit/ units
(ii) 2p – q + r = 2(2i~ + j) – (6i~ – 3j) + (‒4i~ – 2j)
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Arah/ Direction:
= 4i~ + 2j ‒ 6i~ + 3j ‒ 4i~ ‒ 2j

~ ~
= (4 – 6 – 4)i~ + (2 + 3 ‒ 2)j
~ tan θ = 2
~ 7
= ‒6i~ + 3j θ = tan–1 2
~ 7
(e) (i) 1 r – t + 4 s = 1 (3i~ + 9j) – (‒5i~ – 10j) + 4(i~ – 8j) = 15.95°
3~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ ~
= ~i + 3j + 5i~ + 10j + 4i~ – 32j
~ ~ ~
(d) ( ) ( )
a
b
=k 1
–3
= (1 + 5 + 4)i~ + (3 + 10 – 32)j
= 10i~ – 19j
~
~ = –3k ( ) k
(ii) 2 s + r – t = 2(i~ – 8j) + (3i~ + 9j) – (‒5i~ – 10j)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Magnitud/ Magnitude:
= 2i~ ‒ 16j + 3i~ + 9j + 5i~ + 10j a2 + b2 = 250
~ ~ ~
= (2 + 3 + 5)i~ + (‒16 + 9 + 10)j (k)2 + (–3k)2 = 250
~
= 10i~ + 3j k2 + 9k2 = 250
~ 10k2 = 250
4 (a) k2 = 25
Laju/ Speed:
k=5
| v | = (–4)2 + (–2)2
v ~ a = k = 5,
~ = 16 + 4
= 20 m/s b = ‒3(5)
= ‒15
s \ a = 5, b = ‒15
~
Kedudukan zarah selepas 2 saat: Praktis ke Arah SPM

Position of the particle after 2 seconds:
→ → Kertas 1
OQ = OP + tv
~ Bahagian A/ Section A
(
= –4 + 2 –4
8 ) ( )
–2
→ → →
1 (a) 3 OA = 2 OB + OC
→ → →
(
= –4 + –8
8 ) ( )
–4
OC = 3 OA – 2 OB
(
= –12 ) ( ) ( )
3
=3 6 –2 4
–1
4
→
( ) ( ) (–4 ‒ 4t
OQ = –4 + t –4 = 8 – 2t ) = 18 – 8 ( ) ( )
9 –2
8 –2
Masa apabila zarah berada di sebelah kiri asalan: = 10 ( )
11
The time when the particle is left side of the origin:
\ Koordinat C ialah (11, 10).
y = 0
The coordinates of C are (11, 10).
8 – 2t = 0 → → →
2t = 8 (b) AC = AO + OC
t = 4 saat/ seconds → →
= ‒ OA + OC
(b) Halaju pelari A/ Velocity of runner A:
2i~ + 2j atau/ or 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
= ‒ 3 + 11
6 10
2
~
Halaju pelari B/ Velocity of runner B:
= 8 ( )4
~ ~ 1 ( ) ( )
(2i~ + j) + t(2i~ + 3j) atau/ or 2 + t 2
3
→
| AC | = 82 + 42
s = 0 +t 2
~A 0 ( ) ( )2
= 64 + 16
= 80
= 2t
2t( ) = 4 5 unit/ units
s 2
( ) ( )
~B = 1 + t 3
2 → → →
2 (a) CD = CE + ED
= 2 + 2t ( )
1 + 3t
→
= ‒ EC + ED
→
\ ~s A ≠ ~s B, maka kedua-dua pelari itu tidak akan = ‒3x + 8y

~ ~
bertembung.
~s A ≠ ~s B , thus both runners will not encounter each other.
J58
→ → → 3k = 9 r–2= k
(b) FG = FE + EG 2
k = 3
→ →
= ‒ EF + EG =3
2
→ → →
= ‒ 3 ED + ( EC ‒ GC ) r=3+2
4 2
→ → → =7
= ‒ 3 ED + ( EC ‒ 1 EC ) 2
4 2
\ k = 3, r = 7
= ‒ 3 (8y) + 1 (3x ) 2
4 ~ 2 ~
7 (a) Halaju paduan/ Resultant velocity:
= 3 x – 6y
2~ ~ 10j + (3i~ + 7j) + (‒6i~ – 4j) = (3 – 6)i~ + (10 + 7 – 4)j
~ ~ ~ = (‒3i + 13j) m s‒1
~
~
→ → → → → → (b) Vektor unit/ Unit vector: ~
3 (a) BC + CF + ED = BC + CF + AB ‒3i + 13 j ‒3i + 13 j
→ → → ~ ~ = ~ ~
= AB + BC + CF (‒3) + 13
2 2
9 + 169
→
= AF ‒3i + 13 j
= ~ ~
atau/ or 178
→ → → → → →
BC + CF + ED = FE + CF + ED = ‒ 3 ~i + 13 j
→ → → 178 178~
= CF + FE + ED
→
= CD
→ → → Kertas 2
(b) CD = CO + OD
→ → Bahagian A/ Section A
= BA + AO → → →
→ → 1 (a) (i) QS = QP + PS
= BA + (‒ OA) →
= ~ b–a = ‒6x + 3 PT
~ ~
→ = ‒6x + 3(2y)
| CD| = 5 unit/ units ~ ~
= ‒6x + 6y
→ ~ ~
Vektor unit dalam arah CD: → → →
→ (ii) TR = TS + SR
Unit vector in the direction of CD : → → →
→ = ( PS ‒ PT ) + SR
CD = 1 ( b – a ) → →
→ 5 ~ ~ = (3 PT ‒ PT ) + (8x – 4y)
| CD | → ~ ~
= 2 PT + (8x – 4y)
→ ~ ~
4 (a) OA = 3
4 ( ) = 2(2y) + 8x – 4y
= 4y + 8x – 4y
~ ~ ~
→ → → ~ ~ ~
(b) AB = AO + OB = 8x
~
→ → → → → →
= ‒ AO + OB (b) QU = QP + PT + TU
= ‒(3i~ + 4j) + (7i~ + 5j) →
~ ~ = ‒6x + 2y + 1 TR
= ‒3i~ – 4j + 7i~ + 5j ~ ~ 2
~ ~
= (7 – 3)i~ + (5 – 4)j = ‒6x + 2y + 1 (8x )
~ ~ 2 ~
= 4i~ + j ~
~ = ‒6x + 2y + 4x
~ ~ ~
→ → → = ‒2x + 2y
5 OQ = OA + AQ ~ ~
→ →
= 3a + 3 AB QS = ‒6x + 6y
~ 5 ~ ~
→ → = 3(‒2x + 2y)
= 3a + 3 ( AO + OB) →~ ~
~ 5 = 3 QU
→ →
= 3a + 3 (–3a + 4b ) \ Jika hQS = k QU dan h ≠ k ≠ 0, maka QUS adalah
~ 5 ~ ~
segaris dengan titik Q ialah titik sepunya.
= 3a – 9 a + 12 b → →
~ 5~ 5 ~ If h QS = k QU and h ≠ k ≠ 0, then QUS is collinear with
6
= a + 12 b point Q as the common point.
5~ 5 ~
Bahagian B/ Section B
6 a = kb a b
~ ~ 2 (a) (i) ~ = k~
3
1
2
()
( r ‒9 2 ) = k

pi~ + 8j = k(‒3i~ + 4j)
~
~
~
pi~ + 8j = ‒3ki~ + 4kj
~
()
3k 8 = 4k
( r‒2 )
9 = k
2
k=2
p = ‒3k
= ‒3(2)
= ‒6
J59
(ii) ~a + b = (pi + 8j) + (–3i + 4j) → → →

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (b) (i) NM = NK + KM
= (p – 3)i~ + 12j →
~
a + b | = 13 = ‒6x + 1 KT
|~ ~ q
~
(p ‒ 3)2 + 122 = 13 = ‒6x + 1 (2x + 2y)
(p2 – 6p + 9) + 144 = 169 ~ q ~ ~
p2 – 6p ‒ 16 = 0
(p + 2)(p – 8) = 0 = ‒6x + 2 x + 2 y
~ q~ q~
p = ‒2 atau/ or 8
(b) (i) P B
= – 6 x + 2 y
2
q ( )
~ q~
→
6i + 8j (ii) NM = 2py – 2x
~ ~ R ~ ~
2
q ( )
– 6 x + 2 y = ‒2x + 2py
~ q~ ~ ~
A 2 = 2p
4i + 3j
~ ~
Q
2 – 6 = ‒2 q
→ → → q
(a) AR = AP + PR
2 – 6q = ‒2q 2 = 2p
→ 4q = 2 1
= (6i~ + 8j) + 1 PQ 2
~ 2 q=1 4 = 2p
→ → 2
= 6i~ + 8j + 1 ( PA + AQ ) p=2
~ 2
= 6i~ + 8j + 1 (‒6i~ – 8j + 4i~ + 3j) \ p = 2, q = 1
2
~ 2 ~ ~
(c) Luas/ Area of KLN = 120
= 6i~ + 8j + 1 (‒2i~ – 5j)
~ 2 ~ 1 × | → × | → | = 120
NK| RL
= 6i~ + 8j –~i – 5 j 2
~ 2~ 6|x | × 5 = 240
~
= 5i~ + 11 j |x | = 240
2~ ~ 5×6
→ → →
(b) BR = BP + PR =8
→ →
= ‒ QA + 1 PQ
2
= ‒(4i~ + 3j) + 1 (‒2i~ – 5j)
Bab 9
~ 2 ~
= ‒4i~ – 3j –~i – 5 j 9.1 Petua Sinus
~ 2~ Sine Rule
= ‒5i~ – 11 j p q r
2~ 1 (a) = =
→ → → sin P sin Q sin R
(ii) BA = BP + PA atau/ or
→ → sin P sin Q sin R
= ‒ QA + (‒ AP ) = =
p q r
= ‒(4i~ + 3j) + [‒(6i~ + 8j)] x y z
~ ~ (b) = =
= ‒4i~ – 3j – 6i~ – 8j sin X sin Y sin z
~ ~ atau/ or
= ‒10i~ – 11j
~ sin X sin Y sin Z

2 (
= 1 ‒5i~ – 11 j
2~ ) x = y = z
→
= 1 BR (Ditunjukkan/ Shown) 2 (a) sin C = sin 122°
2
7 15
→ → → sin C = 7 sin 122°
3 (a) (i) NL = NK + KL 15
→ = 0.3958
= 3 RK + 3y C = 23.31°
~
= 3(‒2x ) + 3y (b) sin C = sin 54°
~ ~ 18 32
= ‒6x + 3y sin C = 18 sin 54°
~ ~
→ → → 32
(ii) KT = KL + LT = 0.4551
→ C = 27.07°
= 3y + 1 LN
~ 3 (c) sin C = sin 109°
= 3y + 1 [‒(‒6x + 3y)] 16 27
~ 3 ~ ~
sin C = 16 sin 109°
= 3y + 1 (6x ‒ 3y) 27
~ 3 ~ ~ = 0.5603
= 3y + 2x – y
~ ~ ~ C = 34.08°
= 2x + 2y
~ ~
J60
3 (a) BC = 8 h = 32 sin 19°

sin 118° sin 25° = 10.4182 cm
BC = 8 sin 118° \ h < AC < AB, maka wujud kes berambiguiti.
sin 25°
h < AC < AB, thus ambiguous case exists.
= 16.71 cm
BC = 13 sin ÐC = sin 19°
(b)
sin 78° sin 21° 32 12
BC = 13 sin 78° sin ÐC = 32 sin 19°
sin 21° 12
= 35.48 cm = 0.8682
(c) BC = 18 ÐC = 60.25° atau/ or 119.75°
sin 36° sin 121° ÐA = 180° ‒ 19° ‒ 60.25°
BC = 18 sin 36° = 100.75 °
sin 121° ÐA = 180° ‒ 19° ‒ 119.75°
= 12.34 cm = 41.25°
\ ÐA = 100.75°, ÐC = 60.25°
4 (a) atau/ or
ÐA = 41.25°, ÐC = 119.75°
5 sin ÐADB = sin ÐABD A

h = 15 sin 35° AB AD
= 8.6036 cm sin ÐADB = sin 24° 7m
4m
\ h < AC < AB, maka wujud kes berambiguiti. 7 4
h < AC < AB, thus ambiguous case exists. sin ÐADB = 7 sin 24° 24°
sin ÐC = sin 35° 4 B C D
= 0.7118
15 10
ÐADB = 45.38°
sin ÐC = 15 sin 35°
10 ÐCAD = 180° ‒ 2(45.38°)
= 0.8604 = 180° ‒ 90.76°
ÐC = 59.36° atau/ or 120.64° = 89.24°
ÐA = 180° ‒ 35° ‒ 59.36° CD = AD
= 85.64° sin ÐCAD sin ÐACD
ÐA = 180° ‒ 35° ‒ 120.64° CD = 4
= 24.36° sin 89.24° sin 45.38°
\ ÐA = 85.64°, ÐC = 59.36° CD = 4 sin 89.24°
sin 45.38°
atau/ or = 5.619 m
ÐA = 24.36°, ÐC = 120.64°
(b) 6 (a) PR = QR
sin ÐPQR sin ÐQPR
PR = 16
sin 124° sin 28°
PR = 16 sin 124°
sin 28°
h = 27 sin 21° = 28.25 m
= 9.6759 cm (b) Biar x sebagai jarak antara Aleeya dan Shazrina.
\ h < AC < AB, maka wujud kes berambiguiti. Let x be the distance between Aleeya and Shazrina.
h < AC < AB, thus ambiguous case exists.
x = 3
sin 127° sin 38°
sin ÐC = sin 21°
x = 3 sin 127°
27 16 sin 38°
sin ÐC = 27 sin 21° = 3.892 m
16
= 0.6047 Petua Kosinus
ÐC = 37.21° atau/ or 142.79° 9.2
Cosine Rule
ÐA = 180° ‒ 21° ‒ 37.21° 1 (a) k2 = l2 + m2 – 2lm⋅kos/ cos K
= 121.79° l2 = k2 + m2 – 2km⋅kos/ cos L
ÐA = 180° ‒ 21° ‒ 142.79° m2 = k2 + l2 – 2kl⋅kos/ cos M
= 16.21° (b) s2 = t2 + u2 – 2tu⋅kos/ cos S
\ ÐA = 121.79°, ÐC = 37.21° t2 = s2 + u2 – 2su⋅kos/ cos T
atau/ or u2 = s2 + t2 – 2st⋅kos/ cos U
ÐA = 16.21°, ÐC = 142.79°
(c) 2 (a) a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc⋅kos/ cos A
192 = 372 + 292 – 2(37)(29)⋅kos/ cos A
361 = 1 369 + 841 – 2 146⋅kos/ cos A
2 146⋅kos/ cos A = 1 849
kos/ cos A = 0.8616
A = 30.50°
J61
(b) a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc⋅kos/ cos A (b) s = 8 + 4 + 7 = 9.5

72 = 82 + 42 – 2(8)(4)⋅kos/ cos A 2
49 = 64 + 16 – 64⋅kos/ cos A Luas/ Area = 9.5(9.5 ‒ 8)(9.5 ‒ 4)(9.5 ‒ 7)
64⋅kos/ cos A = 31 = 9.5(1.5)(5.5)(2.5)
kos/ cos A = 0.4844 = 195.9375
A = 61.03° = 13.998 cm2
(c) a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc⋅kos/ cos A 15 + 28 + 17 = 30
282 = 172 + 152 – 2(17)(15)⋅kos/ cos A (c) s =
2
784 = 289 + 225 – 510⋅kos/ cos A
510⋅kos/ cos A = ‒270 Luas/ Area = 30(30 ‒ 15)(30 ‒ 28)(30 ‒ 17)
kos/ cos A= ‒0.5294 = 30(15)(2)(13)
A = 121.97° = 11 700
= 108.17 cm2
3 (a) (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2 – 2(AB)(AC)⋅kos/ cos A
= 102 + 192 – 2(10)(19)⋅kos/ cos 34° 3 (a) s = 29 + 22 + 27 = 39
2
= 100 + 361 – 380⋅kos/ cos 34° Luas/ Area = 39(39 ‒ 29)(39 ‒ 22)(39 ‒ 27)
= 145.97 = 39(10)(17)(12)
BC = 145.97 = 79 560
= 12.08 cm = 282.064 cm2
(b) (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2 – 2(AB)(AC)⋅kos/ cos A
= 392 + 522 – 2(39)(52)⋅kos/ cos 56° Isi padu/ Volume = 282.064 × 4
= 1 521 + 2 704 – 4 056⋅kos/ cos 56° = 1 128.26 cm3
= 1 956.91 (b) PQ2 = TR2
BC = 1 956.91 = 242 + 282 – 2(24)(28)⋅kos/ cos 120°
= 44.24 cm = 576 + 784 – 1 344⋅kos/ cos 120°
(c) (BC)2 = (AB)2 + (AC)2 – 2(AB)(AC)⋅kos/ cos A = 2 032
= 172 + 232 – 2(17)(23)⋅kos/ cos 97° PQ = 45.08
= 289 + 529 – 782⋅kos/ cos 97° ≈ 45 m
= 913.30 Jumlah luas = Luas PQRT + Luas RTS
BC = 913.30 Total area = Area of PQRT + Area of RTS
= 30.22 cm
2 [
1 733.54 = (45)(PT) + 1 (24)(28)⋅sin 120° ]
4 (a) Biar x sebagai jarak di antara rumah Insyirah dan 45PT = 1 733.54 – 290.98
rumah Huda. 45PT = 1 442.56
Let x be the distance between Insyirah’s house and Huda’s PT = 32.06
house. ≈ 32 m
x2 = 5252 + 4002 – 2(525)(400)⋅kos/ cos 78° \ PQ = 45 m, PT = 32 m
= 275 625 + 160 000 – 420 000⋅kos/ cos 78°
= 348 302.09 Aplikasi Petua Sinus, Petua Kosinus dan
x = 590.17 m Luas Segi Tiga
(b) (QR)2 = (DQ)2 + (DR)2 – 2(DQ)(DR)⋅kos/ cos D 9.4
Application of Sine Rule, Cosine Rule and Area of
302 = 182 + 212 – 2(18)(21)⋅kos/ cos D a Triangle
900 = 324 + 441 – 756⋅kos/ cos D
1 (a) Menggunakan rumus Heron/ Using Heron’s formula,
756⋅kos/ cos D = ‒135
kos/ cos D = ‒0.1786 s = 33 + 40 + 27 = 50
D = 100.29° 2
Luas/ Area = 50(50 ‒ 33)(50 ‒ 40)(50 ‒ 27)
9.3 Luas Segi Tiga = 50(17)(10)(23)
Area of a Triangle = 195 500
= 442.154 cm2
1 (a) Luas/ Area = 1 (10)(19)⋅sin 34° Jumlah luas permukaan/ Total surface area:
2
= 53.12 cm2 442.15 m2 × 2 = 884.31 m2
(b) Jumlah perbelanjaan/ Total expenditure:
(b) Luas/ Area = 1 (39)(52)⋅sin 56°
2 884.31 × RM2.50 = RM2 210.77
= 840.64 cm2
(c) Luas/ Area = 1 (17)(23)⋅sin 97° 2 (a) sin ÐW = sin 26°
2 7 4
= 194.04 cm2 sin ÐW = 7 sin 26°
4
= 0.7671
2 (a) s = 29 + 19 + 37 = 42.5 ÐW = 50.09° atau/ or 180° ‒ 50.09°
2
= 50.1° atau/ or 129.9°
Luas/ Area = 42.5(42.5 ‒ 29)(42.5 ‒ 19)(42.5 ‒ 37)
= 42.5(13.5)(23.5)(5.5) \ ÐW ialah sudut cakah, maka ÐW = 129.9°.
= 74 157.1875 ÐW is an obtuse angle, thus ÐW = 129.9°.
= 272.32 cm2
J62
(b) ÐY = 180° ‒ 26° ‒129.9° (b) P

= 24.1°
Panjang WX/ Length of WX: 20 m
WX = 4
sin 24.1° sin 26° S
WX = 4 sin 24.1° Q 42°

sin 26°
26.43 m
= 3.726 cm R
Panjang tablet/ Length of tablet: sin ÐPSR = sin 42°
3.726 + 4 + 7 = 14.726 cm 26.43 20
sin ÐPSR = 26.43 sin 42°
Praktis ke Arah SPM 20
= 0.8843
Kertas 2 ÐPSR = 62.16° atau/ or 180° ‒ 62.16°
Bahagian C/ Section C = 62.16° atau/ or 117.84°
(c) ÐSPR = 180° ‒ 42° ‒ 117.84°
1 (a) (i) BD = 13 = 20.16°
sin 39.14° sin 23°
(RS)2 = (PS)2 + (PR)2 – 2(PS)(PR)⋅kos/ cos ÐSPR
BD = 13 sin 39.14° = 202 + 26.432 – 2(20)(26.43)⋅kos/ cos 20.16°
sin 23°
= 21 cm = 400 + 698.54 – 1 057.2⋅kos/ cos 20.16°
(ii) ÐBDC = 180° ‒ 23° ‒ 39.14° = 106.11
= 117.86° RS = 106.11
= 10.3 m
(BC)2 = (BD)2 + (CD)2 – 2(BD)(CD)⋅kos/ cos ÐBDC
= 212 + 132 – 2(21)(13)⋅kos/ cos 117.86°
= 441 + 169 – 546⋅kos/ cos 117.86° Bab 10
= 865.15
BC = 865.15 10.1 Nombor Indeks
= 29.41 cm Index Numbers
(b) s = 7 + 15 + 21 = 21.5 1 (a) Indeks harga/ Price index, I:

2 Q22 233
× 100 = × 100
Luas ABCD/ Area of ABCD Q21 295
= Luas ABD/ Area of ABD + Luas BCD/ Area of BCD = 78.98
= 21.5(21.5 ‒ 7)(21.5 ‒ 15)(21.5 ‒ 21) + (b) Indeks harga/ Price index, I:
Q22 6.9
2 [
1 (13)(29.41)⋅sin 39.14°
]
Q21
× 100 =
5.7
× 100
= 121.05
= 21.5(14.5)(6.5)(0.5) + 120.67 (c) Indeks harga/ Price index, I:
= 31.83 + 120.67 Q22 2.8
= 152.5 cm2 × 100 = × 100
Q21 3
(c) = 93.33
D
2 (a) Indeks harga/ Price index, I:

13 cm Q22 120
× 100 = × 100
23°
Q21 150
B = 80
C′
\ Harga 1 gram gangsa menurun sebanyak 20% dari
2 (a) P tahun 2021 ke tahun 2022.
The price of 1 gram of bronze decreases by 20% from the
year 2021 to the year 2022.
(b) Indeks harga/ Price index, I:
Q 68° Q22 42
× 100 = × 100
30° Q21 40
= 105
R \ Harga 1 kg daging kambing meningkat sebanyak 5%
ÐP = 90° ‒ 68° dari tahun 2021 ke tahun 2022.
= 22° The price of 1 kg of mutton increases by 5% from the year
ÐQ = 68° + 30° 2021 to the year 2022.
= 98° (c) Indeks harga/ Price index, I:
Q22 2
PR = 10 × 100 = × 100
Q21 2
sin 98° sin 22° = 100
PR = 10 sin 98° \ Harga 1 kg nasi tidak berubah dari tahun 2021 ke
sin 22° tahun 2022.
= 26.43 m The price of 1 kg of rice does not change from the year
2021 to the year 2022.
J63
Q22 I21/19 I19/17

3 (a) I2022/2020 = × 100 4 (a) I2021/2017 = × × 100
Q20 100 100
y 96
= 198 × 100 125 = × × 100
190 100 100
= 104.21 100
y = 125 ×
Q 96
I2020/2018 = 20 × 100 = 130.21
Q18
I I
190 (b) I2021/2017 = 21/19 × 19/17 × 100
= × 100 100 100
188
= 101.06 135 y
160 = × × 100
Q Q 100 100
I2022/2018 = 22 × 20 × 100 100
Q20 Q18 y = 160 ×
135
198 190 = 118.52
= × × 100
190 188 I I
= 105.32 (c) I2021/2019 = 21/20 × 20/19 × 100
100 100
atau/ or 80 121
y= × × 100
I22/20 I20/18 100 100
I2022/2018 = × × 100 = 96.8
100 100
104.21 101.06 I I
= × × 100 (d) I2022/2018 = 22/20 × 20/18 × 100
100 100 100 100
= 105.32 y 92
98 = × × 100
Q 100 100
(b) I2022/2020 = 22 × 100 100
Q20 y = 98 ×
92
34
= × 100 = 106.52
32 I I
= 106.25 (e) I2022/2018 = 22/20 × 20/18 × 100
100 100
Q
I2020/2018 = 20 × 100 93 y
Q18 146 = × × 100
100 100
32 100
= × 100 y = 146 ×
35 93
= 91.43 = 156.99
Q Q
I2022/2018 = 22 × 20 × 100 Q22 Q22
Q20 Q18 5 (a) x = × 100 y= × 100
Q21 Q21
34 32
= × × 100 = 38 × 100 12
32 35 = × 100
32 17
= 97.14 = 118.75
atau/ or = 70.59
I I Q22 Q22
I2022/2018 = 22/20 × 20/18 × 100 (b) x = × 100 y= × 100
100 100 Q21 Q21
106.25 91.43 3.2 4.9
= × × 100 = × 100 = × 100
100 100 3.2 4.5
= 97.14 = 100 = 108.89
Q Q Q
(c) I2022/2020 = 22 × 100 (c) x = 22 × 100 y = 22 × 100
Q20 Q21 Q21
2.8 1.2 3
= × 100 = × 100 = × 100
2.7 1.5 2.2
= 103.7 = 80 = 136.36
Q
I2020/2018 = 20 × 100 Q22
Q18 6 (a) I2022/2021 = × 100
Q21
2.7
= × 100
2.6 21
98 = × 100
= 103.85 x
Q Q x = 21 × 100
I2022/2018 = 22 × 20 × 100 98
Q20 Q18
= RM21.43
2.8 2.7
= × × 100 Q
2.7 2.6 (b) I2022/2021 = 22 × 100
Q21
= 107.69
atau/ or x
124 = × 100
I I 1.6
I2022/2018 = 22/20 × 20/18 × 100 124 × 1.6
100 100 x =
100
= 103.7 × 103.85 × 100 = RM1.98
100 100
= 107.69
J64
Q22 2 (a) Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:

(c) I2022/2021 =
× 100
Q21
I ̅ = 98(1) + 155(1) + 167(1)
95 = x × 100 1+1+1
2.6 = 420
95 × 2.6 3
x = = 140
100
(b) Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
= RM2.47
I ̅ = 99(1) + 125(1) + 144(1)
Q20 1+1+1
7 (a) I2020/2019 =× 100
Q19 = 368
3
5 209
= × 100 = 126.67
5 873
(c) Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
= 88.69
\ Median pendapatan kasar isi rumah telah berkurang I ̅ = 121(1) + 110(1) + 160(1)
1+1+1
sebanyak 11.3% dari tahun 2019 ke tahun 2020.
The median of household gross income has decreased by = 391
11.3% from the year 2019 to the year 2020. 3
QM = 130.33
(b) IM/A = × 100
QA 180
126 3 (a) IA = × 100 = 150
= × 100 120
140 IB = 58 × 100 = 96.67
= 90 60
\ Bil elektrik Abu telah berkurang sebanyak 10% pada 73
IC = × 100 = 104.29
bulan Mei dari bulan April. 70
Abu’s electricity bill has decreased by 10% in May from Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
April. 150(130) + 96.67(60) + 104.29(170)
(c) Garam/ Salt: I̅ =
130 + 60 + 170
Q21
I2021/2020 =
× 100 = 43 029.5
Q20 360
1.32 = 119.53
80 = × 100
x 410
1.32 × 100 (b) IP = × 100 = 136.67
x = 300
80
80
= RM1.65 IQ = × 100 = 160
50
Gula/ Sugar: 12
Q IR = × 100 = 60
20
I2021/2020 = 21 × 100
Q20 Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
y 136.67(70) + 160(10) + 60(20)
148 = × 100
1 I̅ =
70 + 10 + 20
148
y = = 12 366.9
100
100
= RM1.48 = 123.67
\ x = RM1.65, y = RM1.48
11.5
(c) IT = × 100 = 109.52
10.5
10.2 Indeks Gubahan
Composite Index 0.8
IU = × 100 = 160
0.5
1 (a) Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
30
IV = × 100 = 150
I ̅ = 98(40) + 155(30) + 167(30) 20
40 + 30 + 30
Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
= 13 580
100 I ̅ = 109.52(3) + 160(1) + 150(1)
= 135.8 3+1+1
(b) Indeks gubahan/ Composite index: = 638.56
5
I ̅ = 99(200) + 125(40) + 144(120) = 127.71
200 + 40 + 120
= 42 080 25
360 4 (a) IR = × 100
20
= 116.89
m = 125
(c) Indeks gubahan/ Composite index:
I ̅ = 122
I ̅ = 121(40) + 110(15) + 160(5) 97(5) + 101n + 125(10) + 132(20) = 122
40 + 15 + 5
5 + n + 10 + 20
= 7 290 4 375 + 101n = 122
60
= 121.5 35 + n
4 375 + 101n = 4 270 + 122n
21n = 105
n=5
J65
264
(b) IJ = × 100 Praktis ke Arah SPM
200
m = 132 Kertas 2
I ̅ = 129.2 Bahagian C/ Section C
120n + 132(5) + 130(15) + 145(10) = 129.2 1 (a) IJ = 120
n + 5 + 15 + 10 25 × 100 = 120
4 060 + 120n = 129.2 x
30 + n x = 25 × 100
120
4 060 + 120n = 3 876 + 129.2n
= RM20.83
9.2n = 184
y = IR
n = 20
(c) IV = 131 = 55 × 100
32.75 40
× 100 = 131 = 137.5
m
m = 32.75 × 100 IP = 150
131 z × 100 = 150
= RM25 80
I ̅ = 120.7 z = 150 × 80
100
110(3) + 123(2) + 131(3) + 119n = 120.7 = RM120
3+2+3+n
(b) I ̅ = 125(20) + 120(10) + 137.5(40) + 150(30)
969 + 119n = 120.7 20 + 10 + 40 + 30
8+n = 13 700
969 + 119n = 965.6 + 120.7n 100
1.7n = 3.4 = 137
n=2 P2021
(c) × 100 = 137
350 000
5 (a) (i) p = 1.3 × 100 r = 2.7 × 100 P2021 = 350 000 × 137
1 2.5 100
= 130 = 108 = RM479 500
̅
(d) I2023/2020 = × 2021/2020 × 100
2023/2021
q = 2.4 × 100 s = 2.61 × 100 100 100
2 1.8
= 120 = 145 = 120 × 137 × 100
100 100
(ii) I ̅ = 130(5) + 120(3) + 108(2) + 145(8) = 164.4
5+3+2+8
= 2 386 2 (a) IP = 120
18
30 × 100 = 120
= 132.56
P2018
(iii) I2021/2019 = 132.56 P2018 = 30 × 100
I2023/2021 = 95 120
= RM25
I2023/2019 = 95 × 132.56 × 100 (b) I ̅ = 118
100 100 120m + 150(5) + 90(m + 3) + 125(4) = 118
= 125.93
m+5+m+3+4
(b) (i) x = 8.4 × 100 120m + 750 + 90m + 270 + 500 = 118
8 2m + 12
= 105 210m + 1 520 = 236m + 1 416
125 = y × 100 26m = 104
6 m=4
y = 125 × 6 (c) (i) I ̅ = 118
100 P2021
= RM7.50 × 100 = 118
45
160 = 4.8 × 100 P2021 = 118 × 45
z 100
z = 4.8 × 100 = RM53.10
160 ̅ ̅
(ii) I2018/2015 = 115, I2021/2018 = 118
= RM3.00
̅
I2021/2015 = 2021/2018
× 2018/2015
× 100
(ii) (a) I ̅ = 160(2) + 125(3) + 130(4) + 105(1) 100 100
2+3+4+1
= 1 320 = 118 × 115 × 100
10 100 100
= 132 = 135.7
P2015 N 40
(b) 20.5 × 100 = 132
P2019 P2021 × 100
N 40
P2019 = 20.5 × 100 135.7
132 P2021 N RM54.28
= RM15.53
\ Harga maksimum/ Maximum price: RM54.28
J66
(b) 1 + x + 3 = 2x – 1
Kertas Model Pra-SPM (1 + x + 3 )2 = ( 2x – 1 )2
1 + 2 x + 3 + x + 3 = 2x – 1
2 x+3 =x–5
Kertas 1 (2 x + 3 )2 = (x – 5)2
Bahagian A/ Section A 4(x + 3) = x2 – 10x + 25
4x + 12 = x2 – 10x + 25
1 (a) Biar/ Let y = 3x ‒ 7 x2 – 14x + 13 = 0
2
2y = 3x – 7 (x – 1)(x – 13) = 0
3x = 2y + 7 x = 1 atau/ or 13
2y + 7
x= 4 (a) 15 = 4k⋅5k
3
2x + 7 (4⋅5)k = 15
⇒ h‒1(x) = 20k = 15
3
k log10 20 = log1015
[
gh (‒2) = g 2(‒2) + 7
‒1
3
] k=
log1015
= g(1) log1020
= 5(1) + 9 = 0.9040
= 14 (b) 253 – k = 2k
(b) hg(x) = 3(5x + 9) ‒ 7 (3 ‒ k) log1025 = (k) log102
2
3 ‒ k = log102
= 15x + 27 ‒ 7
2 k log1025
= 15x + 20
3‒k
= 0.2153
2 k
Biar/ Let y = 15x + 20 3 ‒ k = 0.2153k
2
2y = 15x + 20 1.2153k = 3
15x = 2y – 20 k = 2.4685
x = 2y – 20 5 T5 bukan satu nombor asli, maka T5 = 0.
15
T5 is not a natural number, therefore T5 = 0.
⇒ [hg(x)]‒1 = 2x – 20
15 T5 – T3 = 10
0 ‒ T3 = 10
2 (a) px(x – 3) = q T3 = ‒10
px2 – 3px – q = 0
a + (3 – 1)d = ‒10
4x2 – 3(4)x – q = 0
(b)
a + 2d = ‒10
4x2 – 12x – q = 0
a = ‒10 – 2d ……➀
b2 – 4ac = 0
(‒12)2 – 4(4)(‒q) = 0 S8 = ‒20
8 [2a + (8 – 1)d] = ‒20
144 + 16q = 0
144 2
q=‒ 2a + 7d = ‒5 ……➁
16 ➀ ↷ ➁:
= ‒9 2(‒10 – 2d) + 7d = ‒5
q = ‒9 ↷ 4x2 – 12x – q = 0, ‒20 – 4d + 7d = ‒5
4x2 – 12x + 9 = 0 3d = 15
(2x – 3)2 = 0 d=5
2x – 3 = 0 d = 5 ↷ ➀:
x= 3 a = ‒10 – 2(5)
2
= ‒10 – 10
3 (a) 5.79282828… = ‒20
= 5.79 + 0.0028 + 0.000028 + 0.00000028 + … \ a = ‒20, d = 5
0.0028 Hasil tambah dari sebutan ke-4 hingga sebutan ke-12:
= 5.79 +
1 ‒ 0.01 The sum of the 4th term to the 12th term:
= 5 79 + 0.0028 S12 – S3
100 0.99 3
= 12 [2(‒20) + (12 – 1)(5)] ‒ [2(‒20) + (3 – 1)(5)]
= 5 79 + 28 2 2
100 9 900 3
= 6(‒40 + 55) – (‒40 + 10)
7 821 + 28 2
=5 3
9 900 = 6(15) – (‒30)
7 849 2
=5 = 90 + 45
9 900
= 135
J67
6 Biar panjang sisi segi tiga masing-masing sebagai x dan 2x. (b) mPQR × mPST = ‒1
Let the respective lengths of the triangle as x and 2x. 5 – 4 × m = ‒1
x2 + (2x)2 = (4 5 )2 2–0
PST
x2 + 4x2 = 16⋅5 4 2 mPST = ‒2

4
5x2 = 5(16)
x2 = 16 Apabila/ When x = ‒5 dan/ and y = ‒1:
x = ±4 8 ‒1 = ‒2(‒5) + c
\ Panjang tidak boleh bernilai negatif, maka x = 4. ‒1 = 10 + c
Length cannot be negative value, hence x = 4. c = ‒11
\ Garis/ Line PST: y = ‒2x – 11
7 Jarak OB/ Distance of OB:
OA2 + OB2 = 180 Apabila/ When y = ‒5,
62 + OB2 = 180 ‒5 = ‒2x – 11
OB2 = 144 2x = ‒6
OB = 12 unit/ units x = ‒3
\ B(12, 0) \ T(‒3, ‒5)
6 1
Kecerunan AB/ Gradient of AB: mAB = ‒
Hubungan graf/ Relation of graph:
12
=‒
2 [
(‒5, ‒1) = ‒6(m) + (‒3) , 1(m) + (‒5)(1)
m+1 m+1 ]
1
xy = ‒ x + 6 ‒1 = 1(m) + (‒5)(1)
2 m+1
1 ‒m – 1 = m – 5
Apabila/ When x = 2, xy = ‒ (2) + 6 2m = 4
2
=5 m=2
\ Koordinat P/ Coordinates of P: (2, 5) \ x = ‒3, m = 2
→ → 11 x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
8 JK = m KL (x + 2)(x – 4) = 0
→ → → →
JO + OK = m(KO + OL) x = ‒2 atau/ or 4
( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( )]
‒ t + 1 =m ‒ 1 + n
5 4 4 –3
f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8
= x2 – 2x + (‒1)2 – (‒1)2 – 8
( ) ( )
1–t =m n–1
–1 –7
= (x – 1)2 – 1 – 8
= (x – 1)2 – 9
‒1 = ‒7m
1 \ Paksi simetri ialah x = 1 dan koordinat titik minimum
m=
7 ialah (1, –9).
1
1 – t = (n – 1) The axis of symmetry is x = 1 and the coordinates of the
7 minimum point are (1, –9).
n – 1 = 7 – 7t
n = ‒7t + 8 12 d = 17 – 6 = 11
S10 = 225
9 (a)
1 1 4 m 1
2 2 5 ‒3 2| = 4.5 | 10 [2a + (10 – 1)(11)] = 225
2
|1(5) + 4(‒3) + 2m – 2(4) – 5m – (‒3)(1)| = 9 2a + 9(11) = 45
|5 – 12 + 2m – 8 – 5m + 3| = 9 2a = 45 – 99
|‒12 – 3m| = 9 2a = ‒54
‒12 – 3m = ±9 a = ‒27
‒12 – 3m = 9 , ‒12 – 3m = ‒9 S3 = 3 [2(‒27) + (3 – 1)(11)]
3m = –21 3m = –3 2
m = –7 m = –1 = 3 [‒54 + 22]
2
\ m = –1 atau/ or –7
= 3 [‒32]
(b) |
1 1 4 m 1
2 2 5 ‒3 2
=0 | 2
= ‒48
|1(5) + 4(‒3) + 2m – 2(4) – 5m – (‒3)(1)| = 0
|5 – 12 + 2m – 8 – 5m + 3| = 0 S10 – S7 = 225 – 7 [2(‒27) + (7 – 1)(11)]
|‒12 – 3m| = 0 2
‒12 – 3m = 0 = 225 – 7 [‒54 + 66]
–3m = 12 2
m = –4 = 225 – 7 [12]
2
[
10 (a) (0, 4) = 3(2) + 1(x) , 3(5) + 1(y)
3+1 3+1 ] = 225 – 42
= 183
(
= 6 + x , 15 + y
4 4 ) Beza/ Difference:
(S10 – S7) – S3 = 183 – (‒48)
6+x =0 15 + y = 4 = 231
4 4
6+x=0 15 + y = 16
x = ‒6 y=1
\ P(‒6, 1)
J68
( )
–4
Bahagian B/ Section B 2m
➁ ↷ ➀: ‒12 = 8m – 12
13 Biar n, i dan m masing-masing sebagai harga satu set nasi 3
ayam penyet, harga satu set ikan dan kentang goreng dan ‒8m = 8m – 12
harga satu set mi wantan. 16m = 12
3
Let n, i and m be the price of a set of ‘ayam penyet’ rice, the price m=
of a set of fish and chips and the price of a set of wonton noodles 4
respectively.
3n + 2i + 4m = 119.3 ……➀ m = 3 , ↷ ➁: k = 4
2 3
()
4 3
2n + 5i + 5m = 119.3 + 48 1
2n + 5i + 5m = 167.3 ……➁ =
2
n + i + m = 167.3 – 125.5 3 1
n + i + m = 41.8 ……➂ \ m = , k =
4 2
➂ × 5: 5n + 5i + 5m = 209 ……➃
➃ – ➁, 3n = 41.7 15 (a) logx 64 = logx 82
n = 13.9 = 2 logx 8
n = 13.9 ↷ ➂, 13.9 + i + m = 41.8 = 2y
i = 41.8 – 13.9 – m (b) (i) log3 (4x + 1) – 7 log9 x2 + 6 log3 x
= 27.9 – m ……➄ = log3 (4x + 1) – log9 x14 + 6 log3 x
n = 13.9 & ➄ ↷ ➀: log3 x14
3(13.9) + 2(27.9 – m) + 4m = 119.3 = log3 (4x + 1) – + log3 x6
log3 9
41.7 + 55.8 – 2m + 4m = 119.3
2m = 119.3 – 97.5 14 log3 x
= log3 (4x + 1) – + log3 x6
= 21.8 2 log3 3
m = 10.9 = log3 (4x + 1) – 7 log3 x + log3 x6
m = 10.9 ↷ ➄, i = 27.9 – 10.9 = log3 (4x + 1) – log3 x7 + log3 x6
= 17
\ Harga bagi satu set nasi ayam penyet ialah RM13.90,
= log3 [
(4x + 1)x6
x7 1 ]
harga bagi satu set ikan dan kentang goreng ialah
RM17.00 dan harga bagi satu set mi wantan ialah
RM10.90.
= log3 4x + 1
x ( )
The price of a set of ‘ayam penyet’ rice is RM13.90, the price of a (ii) log3 (4x + 1) – 7 log9 x2 + 6 log3 x = 2
set of fish and chips is RM17.00 and the price of a set of wonton
noodles is RM10.90.
(
log3 4x + 1 = 2
x )
4x + 1
32 =
→ → → x
14 (a) (i) CB = CA + AB 9x = 4x + 1
= ‒4y + 4x 5x = 1
= 4x + 4y
~ ~
1
~ ~ x=
→ → → 5
(ii) AD = AB + BD
→
= 4x + 1 ( BC ) Kertas 2
~ 3
Bahagian A
= 4x + 1 (4y – 4x )
~ 3 ~ ~ 1 (a) Persamaan KN/ Equation of KN:
= 8 x + 4 y x – y = ‒9
3 ~ 3~ y = x + 9 ⇒ m = 1, c = 9
→ →
(b) AF = m AD
mKN ⋅ mKLM = ‒1
= m x + 4 y
8
(
3 ~ 3~ ) 1(mKLM) = ‒1
mKLM = ‒1
= 8m x + 4m y
3 ~ 3~ \ Persamaan KLM/ Equation of KLM:
→ →
BF = k BE y = ‒x + 9
→ →
= k(BA + AE ) (b) Koordinat L/ Coordinates of L:
= k(‒4x + 2y) Apabila/ When y = 0, 0 = ‒x + 9
~ ~
= ‒4kx + 2ky x=9
~ ~
→ → → \ L(9, 0)
BF = BA + AF
‒4kx + 2ky = ‒4x + 8m x + 4m y
~ ~ ~ 3 ~( 3~ ) [
(9, 0) = 3(x) + 2(0) , 3(y) + 2(9)
3+2 3+2 ]
~ ~ 3 (
‒4kx + 2ky = 8m ‒ 4 x + 4m y
~ )
3~

5 (
= 3x , 3y + 18
5 )
Bandingkan x dan y / Comparing ~x and y , 3x 0 = 3y + 18
~ ~ ~ 9 =
5 5
‒4k = 8m ‒ 4 2k = 4m 3x = 45 3y + 18 = 0
3 3
x = 15 3y = ‒18
‒12k = 8m – 12.........➀ k = 2m .........➁
3 y = ‒6
\ M(15, ‒6)
J69
(c) Koordinat N/ Coordinates of N: 4 (a) d = 210, T12 = 3 950

Apabila/ When y = 0, x – 0 = ‒9 T12 = 3 950
x = ‒9 a + (12 – 1)(210) = 3 950

K(0, 9), M(15, ‒6), N(‒9, 0) a + 2 310 = 3 950
a = 1 640
Luas segi tiga KMN/ Area of triangle KMN:
\ Jumlah wang asal ialah RM1 640.
1 |
0 15 ‒9 0
2 9 ‒6 0 9 2 |
= 1 |(0 + 0 – 81) – (135 + 54 + 0)| The initial amount of money is RM1 640.
(b) a = 1 640, T6 = 3 150
= 1 |‒81 – 189| T6 = 3 150
2
1 640 + (6 – 1)d = 3 150
= 1 |‒270| 5d = 1 510
2
d = 302
= 1 (270)
2
\ Jumlah yang perlu disimpan setiap bulan ialah RM302.
= 135 unit2/ units2 The amount needs to be saved each month is RM302.
(c) Baki untuk disimpan/ Balance to be saved:
2 (a) Apabila/ When x = 0, RM3 150 – RM1 640 – 2(RM210) = RM1 090
f (0) = (0)2 + 8q(0) + 6
=6 a = 50, r = 2
Tn M 1 090
\ R(0, 6) 50(2)n ‒ 1 M 1 090
(b) f(x) = x2 + 8qx + 6 2n – 1 M 21.8
= x2 + 8qx + (4q)2 – (4q)2 + 6 n – 1 log 2 M log 21.8
= (x + 4q)2 – 16q2 + 6
log 21.8
Koordinat titik minimum: [‒4q, (6 – 16q2)] n–1M
log 2
Coordinates of minimum point: n – 1 M 4.45
Daripada graf/ From the graph, n M 5.45
‒4q = 8 6 – 16q2 = n – 3
q = ‒2 6 – 16(‒2)2 = n – 3 \ Oleh sebab n M 5.45, maka Siva tidak dapat membeli
konsol permainan itu dalam harga promosi.
6 – 64 = n – 3 Because n M 5.45, thus Siva is unable to buy the game
n – 3 = ‒58 console in its promotion price.
n = ‒55
\ q = ‒2, n = ‒55
5 (a) (i) Biar/ Let f ‒1(x) = k
(c) f (x) < 6
f(k) = x
x2 + 8(‒2)x + 6 < 6
x2 – 16x + 6 < 6 k2 + 2 = x
x2 – 16x < 0 k2 = x – 2
x(x – 16) < 0 k = x – 2
(‒)(‒) = (+) (‒)(+) = (–) (+)(+) = (+) ⇒ f ‒1(x) = x–2
(ii) f (x) = x + 2 dan/ and gf (x) = 1 + 2x2
2
⇒ g(x2 + 2) = 1 + 2x2
x
0 16 Biar/ Let u = x2 + 2
x= u–2
x<0 0 < x < 16 x > 16
\ Julat/ Range: 0 < x < 16 g(u) = 1 + 2( u – 2)2
= 1 + 2(u – 2)
3 3p + 2q + 3r = 76 ……➀ = 1 + 2u – 4
p + 5q + 2r = 86 = 2u – 3
p = 86 – 5q – 2r ……➁ ⇒ g(x) = 2x – 3
4p + 3q + 5r = 118 ……➂
(b) f g(x) = x2 – 7x + 13
➁ ↷ ➀: 3(86 – 5q – 2r) + 2q + 3r = 76 f(2x – 3) = x2 – 7x + 13
258 – 15q – 6r + 2q + 3r = 76 (2x – 3)2 + 2 = x2 – 7x + 13
‒13q – 3r = ‒182 ……➃ 4x2 – 12x + 9 + 2 = x2 – 7x + 13
➁ ↷ ➂: 4(86 – 5q – 2r) + 3q + 5r = 118 4x2 – 12x + 11 = x2 – 7x + 13
344 – 20q – 8r + 3q + 5r = 118 3x2 – 5x – 2 = 0
‒17q – 3r = ‒226 ……➄ (3x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
➃ – ➄: 4q = 44 x = ‒ 1 atau/ or 2
3
q = 11
27y ‒ x (33)y ‒ x
q = 11 ↷ ➃: ‒13(11) – 3r = ‒182 6 (a) =
9x ‒ y (32)x ‒ y
‒143 – 3r = ‒182
‒3r = ‒39
r = 13
q = 11 & r = 13 ↷ ➁: p = 86 – 5(11) – 2(13)
= 86 – 55 – 26
=5
\ p = 5, q = 11, r = 13
J70
33y ‒ 3x n m
=
32x ‒ 2y
33y ÷ 33x B(‒4, 9) A(5, 10)
= 2x

3 ÷ 32y
h3 ÷ g 3
= 2

28
3 (
P ‒1, )

g ÷ h2
= h3g‒3 ÷ g2h‒2
( 3 ) [
‒1, 28 = 5n + (‒4m) , 10n + 9m
m+n m+n ]
= h3 – (‒2)g‒3 – 2
= h5g‒5 ‒1 = 5n + (‒4m)
m+n
h5 ‒m – n = 5n – 4m
= 5
g 3m = 6n
(b) g = 3x ⇒ log3 g = x m = 6
n 3
h = 3y ⇒ log3 h = y m : n = 2 : 1
81g
log9 = log9 81 + log9 g – log9 27 – log9 h2
27h2 Bahagian B
log3 g log3 27 2 log3 h
= log9 92 + ‒ ‒ r =k+d
8 (a) ~
log3 9 log3 9 log3 9 D
x
=2+ ‒ –y
2 2
3
~ 4~(
= i + 1 j + (4i + j)
~ ~ )
= 1 + x –y = 5i + 5 j
2 2 ~ 4~
7 Apabila/ When x = 5, 9y = 5 + 85 ~ 4~ (
= 5 i + 1 j m/s )
9y = 90
y = 10 r =k+e
~ E
9y = x + 85 ⇒ x = 9y – 85
(
= i + 1 j + (8i + 2j)
~ 4~ ~ ~ )
3x2 + 3y2 + 42x – 52y + 263 = 0
3(9y – 85)2 + 3y2 + 42(9y – 85) – 52y + 263 = 0 = 9i + 9 j
~ 4~
3(81y2 – 1 530y + 7 225) + 3y2 + 378y – 3 570 – 52y + 263 = 0
243y2 – 4 590y + 21 675 + 3y2 + 326y – 3 307 = 0 ~ 4~ (
= 9 i + 1 j m/s )
246y2 – 4 264y + 18 368 = 0
3y2 – 52y + 224 = 0
(3y – 28)(y – 8) = 0 r 9i+
~E = ~
( 1j
4~ )
rD
y = 28 atau/ or 8
3
~ 5i+
~ ( 1j
4~ )
9
r = r
\ y = 28 atau/ or 8 ~ E
5~D
3
Kes 1/ Case 1: \ Halaju paduan feri E ialah 9 kali halaju paduan
5
Apabila/ When y = 8, x = 9(8) – 85 feri D.
= 72 – 85 9
The resultant velocity of ferry E is times of the resultant
= ‒13 5
velocity of ferry D.
\ P(‒13, 8)
m r =k+f
(b) (i) ~ F
P(‒13, 8) A(5, 10) ~ 4~ (

= i + 1 j + 2i + 3 j
~ 4~ ) ( )
B(‒4, 9) = 3i + j
~ ~
n (ii) Vektor unit/ Unit vector:
(‒4, 9) = [
‒13(m ‒
m
n) + 5n , 8(m ‒ n) + 10n
m ] 3i + j
~ ~ = ~ ~
3i + j
3 +1
2 2
9+1
‒4 = ‒13(m ‒ n) + 5n 3i + j
m = ~ ~
‒4m = ‒13m + 13n + 5n 10
9m = 18n 3 1
= i+ j
m = 18 10
~
10 ~
n 9
m:n=2:1
→ →
Kes 2/ Case 2: 9 (a) (i) CE = 1 CD
5
→
Apabila/ When y = 28 ,
3 ( )
x = 9 28 – 85
3 = 1 BA
5
= 84 – 85
= ‒1 = 1 × ‒(10i + 5j)
5 ~ ~
(
\ P ‒1, 28
3 ) = ‒2i ‒ j
~ ~
J71
→ → → 10 (a)
(ii) AE = AD + DE
→ s 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
= (5i – 2j) + 4 DC
~ ~ 5
v 4.15 4.28 4.48 4.53 4.55 4.75
= (5i – 2j) + 4 (10i + 5j)
~ ~ 5 ~ ~ v2 17.22 18.32 20.07 20.52 20.70 22.56
= 5i – 2j + 8i + 4j
~ ~ ~ ~
= 13i + 2j v2
~ ~
→ → →
(b) BE = BF + FE 24
→ →
= n BD + m AE (3.0, 21.6)
→ → 22
= n( BA + AD ) + m(13i + 2j)
~ ~
= n[(‒10i ‒ 5j) + (5i – 2j)] + 13mi + 2mj 20
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
= n(‒5i ‒ 7j) + 13mi + 2mj
~ ~ ~ ~ 18
= (13m – 5n)i + (2m – 7n)j
~ ~
→ → → 16 (0.75, 16.6)
(c) BE = BC + CE
= (5i – 2j) + (‒2i ‒ j) 14
~ ~ ~ ~
= 3i ‒ 3j
~ ~
12
Bandingkan i dan j/ Compare i and j:
~ ~ ~ ~
13m – 5n = 3 ……➀ 10
2m – 7n = ‒3 8
2m = 7n – 3
m = 7n ‒ 3 ……➁ 6
2
4
➁ ↷ ➀, ( 2 )
13 7n ‒ 3 – 5n = 3
91n – 39 – 10n = 6 2
81n = 45
n = 45 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
s
81
=5 (b)
Y m X c
9
v2
2a s u2
n = 5 ↷ ➁, m=
7 5 ‒3
9 ( )
9 2 2a = m u2 = c
= 35 ‒ 27 = 21.6 ‒ 16.6 = 14.9
18 3.0 ‒ 0.75 u = 3.86
= 8 = 5
18 2.25
=4 a = 5
9 4.5
= 10
9
\ a = 10 , u = 3.86
9
J72
11 (a) (c) CE = CD + DE
x+1 2 3 4 5 6 7
= 10 + 10
log10 y 0.60 0.76 0.94 1.12 1.30 1.46 2
= 15 cm
Luas/ Area of ACEF
log10 y = Luas/ Area of ABF + Luas/ Area of BCE
= 1 (AB)(AF)⋅sin 46.79° + 1 (BC)(CE)⋅sin 72.25°
1.6 2 2
= 1 (6)(9.803)⋅sin 46.79° + 1 (6)(15)⋅sin 72.25°
2 2
1.4 = 21.43 + 42.86
= 64.29 cm
1.2
(5, 1.12) 13 (a) (i) sin ÐPQR = sin ÐPRQ
6 9
1.0
sin ÐPQR = 2 sin 105°
(4, 0.94) 3
0.8 = 2 (0.9659)
3
0.6 = 0.6440
ÐPQR = 40.09°
0.4 (ii) ÐPRS = 180° ‒ 105° = 75°

PS2 = PR2 + RS2 – 2(PR)(RS)⋅kos/ cos 75°
0.2 0.24
= 62 + 142 – 2(6)(14)(0.2588)
= 36 + 196 – 43.4816
x+1 = 188.5184
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PS = 13.73 cm
(b) y = 2qrx + 1 (b) Luas/ Area of RST = 38
log10 y = log10 2qrx + 1
1 (RT)(RS) sin ÐTRS = 38
log10 y = (log10 r)(x + 1) + log10 2q 2

Y m X c 1 (11)(14) sin ÐTRS = 38
2
log10 y log10 r x+1 log10 2q sin ÐTRS = 38 × 2
11 × 14
log10 r = m log10 2q = c = 0.4935
= 0.24 ÐTRS = 29.57°
= 1.12 ‒ 0.94 2q = 100.24 (c) P
5‒4
= 0.18 = 1.7378
r = 100.18 q = 0.8689
= 1.5136 6 cm
9 cm
\ r = 1.5136, q = 0.8689
Bahagian C Q
R R′
12 (a) ÐAFB = 180° ‒ 142.48°
= 37.52° ÐPR′Q = 180° ‒ 105°
AB BF = 75°
=
sin 37.52° sin 46.79° ÐQPR′ = 180° ‒ 75° ‒ 40.09°
6 = BF = 64.91°
sin 37.52° sin 46.79°
BF = 6 sin 46.79° sin ÐPR′Q =
sin ÐQPR′
sin 37.52° PQ QR′
= 7.18 cm sin 75° sin 64.91°
(b) ÐABF = 142.48° ‒ 46.79° =
9 QR′
= 95.69° 9 sin 64.91°
QR′ =
AB = AF sin 75°
sin 37.52° sin 95.69°
= 8.44 cm
6 = AF
sin 37.52° sin 95.69°
AF = 6 sin 95.69°
sin 37.52°
= 9.803 cm
J73
14 (a) (i) I2021/2020 = 135 (d) 2022/2020 = 190.672

P
3.2 × 100 = 135 2022 × 100 = 190.672
P2020 32
P2020 = 3.2 × 100 P2022 = 190.672 × 32
135 100
= RM2.37 = RM61.02
(ii) I2021/2020 = 120
15 (a) IZ = 90
P
2021 × 100 = 120
2.8 r × 100 = 90
6
P2021 = 120 × 2.8 r = 90 × 6
100 100
= RM3.36 = RM5.40
(b) 2021/2020
= 136 (b) q = p + 3
3p + 4(135) + 2(120) + 115 = 136 p + 3 × 100 = 130

3+4+2+1 p
3p + 895 = 136 p + 3 = 1.3p

10 0.3p = 3
3p + 895 = 1 360 p = RM10
3p = 465
q = RM10 + RM3 = RM13
p = 155
(c) Indeks harga pada tahun 2022 \ p = RM10, q = RM13
Bahan berasaskan tahun 2021 (c) (i) 2021/2020 = 114.2
1.75 × 100 = 114.2
Ingredient Price index in the year 2022
based on the year 2021 P2020
Nasi pulut
155 × 100% = 155 P2020 = 1.75 × 100
Glutinous rice 114.2
Gula = RM1.53
135 × 110% = 148.5 (ii)
Sugar
Santan Komponen Indeks harga Nisbah
120 × 95% = 114
Coconut milk Component Price index Ratio
Telur 3.45 × 100 = 115
115 × 100% = 115 W 3
Egg 3
X 130 5
2022/2021 = 3(155) + 4(148.5) + 2(114) + 115
10
= 1 402 Y 2.16 × 100 = 120 n
10 1.8
= 140.2
Z 90 6
2022/2020 = ×
22/21
× 100
21/20
100 100 = 3(115) + 5(130) + 120n + 6(90)
140.2 136 2022/2021
3+5+n+6
= × × 100
100 100 120n + 1 535
= 190.672 114.2 =
14 + n
1 598.8 + 114.2n = 120n + 1 535
5.8n = 63.8
n = 11
J74

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Jawapan

(i) Apabila domain/ When domain = {2, 5}

1 (a) A B (ii) f (x) = ‒1 f (x) = 3

gf (x) = g[f (x)] (ii) gf (x) = g[f (x)]

(b) fg(x) = 2x + 7 (b) (i) f 2(x) = f [f (x)]

(b) Perimeter boleh ditakrifkan oleh

Dengan/ With x = 12,

(d) Isi padu air selepas t minit: =f

(c) fg(x) = f [g(x)] gf (x) = g[f (x)]

(b) g(y) = x ⇒ g‒1(x) = y Kertas 2

2 (a) x2 – 4x – 3 = 0 → a = 1, b = ‒4, c ‒3 Luas/ Area = 9π

Panjang setiap sisi segi tiga : 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm

2 (a) 2(px2 – 1) = x(x – 8)

Fungsi Kuadratik (b) (i) f (x)

3 unit ke atas kerana nilai c telah bertambah.

coordinates of the y-intercept has changed and the

\ a = ‒2, p = 1, q = ‒3 Pada/ At (–3, 0), a ‒3 + +q=0

The minimum point of the curve is (–1, 6), thus p = 1 and q = 6. 4

f (x) = (x + 3)2 – 1 9 (a) f (x) = 2x – x2 – 5 ⇒ f (x) = ‒x2 + 2x – 5

Koordinat verteks asal, (h, k): (1, ‒3)

(b) f(x) = x(x ‒ 3) + 2(x – 1) ⇒ f (x) = x2 ‒ 3x + 2x – 2 Graf/ Graph:

Daripada fungsi kuadratik, a = 1. a > 0, maka fungsi 2(‒8)

g(x) (c) P = 1 400

(c) Apabila g(x) = (x – 4)2 – 25 dipantulkan pada paksi-y,

(15 x345 + 105) + 50(x – 15)

(c) x – y + 3z = 3 ……➀ (c) 2x + 2y + 2z = ‒2 ……➀

a = 3 ↷ ➄, 4 = 4(3) + b \ Penyelesaian bagi persamaan serentak ini ialah

\ Fungsi kuadratik/ Quadratic function: y = 3x2 – 8x + 12 4y – 4x = 24 ⇒y–x=6

x = ‒1 ↷ ➀, y = 5 – 4(‒1) x = 7 & y = ‒3 ↷ ➁, 3(7) + (‒3) + 3z = 6

\ Laju purata pesawat X ialah 120 km/j dan laju 4h2 – 3h – 1 = 0

x – y = 5xy (Ditunjukkan/ Shown) ……➀ 1

(i) q– (q + 5q– – 3q– ) = (q– )(q ) + (q– )(5q– ) – (q– )(3q– )

bagi semua integer positif n kerana 198 ialah gandaan ➁ – ➀ : 99N = 58

bagi semua integer positif y kerana 240 ialah gandaan N = 367

(b) Luas/ Area = 1 × (6 – 3 2 )(6 + 3 2 ) 5 (a) log3 x = 5

(c) log3 0.625 = log3 5 11 (a) log 32x – 1 = log 8x – 1

(e) ex – 2 = 15 4.4 Aplikasi Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma

3 log2 7.5 = log2 15 2 (a) s = 8 000, r = 1 000, y = 10

6 (a) 5x= 3x+ 2 2(

(ii) S20 = 3 + (20 – 1)(4) (b) a = ‒3, r = 6 = –2

(iii) S12 = 12 [2(15) + (12 – 1)(7)]

230 + (10 – 1)x = 365 = 2 × 3(3)n – 1

5.2 Janjang Geometri Tn = 100

(b) a = 3x, r = 12x = 4 (c) a = 50, r = 10 = 1

(b) 0.26457457… = 0.26 + 0.00457 + 0.00000457 + … (ii) ar = 9

ar = 9 ……➀ ar4 = 243 ……➁ 3–1

Praktis ke Arah SPM Kertas 2

n – 1 > log 3 000

Graf hubungan linear kerana graf yang diperoleh

Graf hubungan linear kerana graf yang diperoleh

Graf hubungan linear kerana graf yang diperoleh

Daripada graf/ From the graph,

Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = ‒0.85

(ii) Daripada graf/ From the graph, c = 0.55

6.2 Hukum Linear dan Hubungan Tak Linear

log10 y 0.1 0.25 0.34 0.4 0.55 0.63

(b) q = at + bt2 ,÷t q =c

y \ Berdasarkan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik pada

2AC : 3CB ⇒ AC = 3 k = AP(6) + PB(‒2)

Garis Lurus Selari dan Garis Lurus Serenjang 2 (a) y = 3x + 7 kx – 4y = 5

4 (a) 2y – 2x = 14 5 (a) 4y = x + 7 16y – kx = 8

(b) m1 = 4 – 0 = 4 Titik tengah PQ/ Midpoint of PQ:

2 (a) Luas/ Area of ABC = 6 unit2/ units2 ‒27 – 3x = ‒48 ‒27 – 3x = 48

(b) Luas/ Area = 2.5 (iii) Luas/ Area of ABCD: