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Microsoft Office 365 & PowerPoint 2021, Comprehensive iii
Brief Contents
Getting to Know Microsoft Office Versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF-1
Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAM-1
PowerPoint Presentation Concepts: Planning, Developing, and Giving a Presentation . . . . PRES 1

Preparing a Presentation for a Resort
Module 1 Creating a Presentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-1
Presenting Information About an Insurance Company
Module 2 Adding Media and Special Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-1
Using Media in a Presentation for a Veterinary Hospital
Module 3 Applying Advanced Formatting to Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-1
Formatting Objects in a Presentation for a Sales and Marketing Company
Module 4 Advanced Animations and Distributing Presentations. . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-1
Creating an Advanced Presentation for Agricultural Development
Module 5 Integrating PowerPoint with Other Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-1
Creating a Presentation for a Rowing Convention
Module 6 Customizing Presentations and the PowerPoint Environment. . . . . PPT 6-1
Creating a Presentation for a City-Wide Green Challenge
Index IDX 1
iv New Perspectives Series
Table of Contents
Getting to Know Microsoft Office Versions . . . . . OFF-1 Developing the Body of Your Presentation . . . . PRES 18
Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects . . . . SAM-1 Gathering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 18
Evaluating Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 19
Organizing Your Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 19
POWERPOINT MODULES Developing Your Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 23
Planning, Developing, and Giving a Presentation Creating Visuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 24
Preparing a Presentation for a Resort . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 1 Using Text as Visuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 25
Using Graphics as Visuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 26
Session 1 Visual Overview: Planning a
Creating Handouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 30
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 2
Understanding Presentations and Presentation Session 3 Visual Overview: Delivering a
Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 4 Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 32
Planning a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 5 Preparing for the Delivery of an Oral
Determining the Form of the Presentation . . . . . PRES 5 Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 34
Determining the Presentation’s Purposes Choosing a Delivery Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 34
and Desired Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 6 Preparing for Audience Interaction . . . . . . . . . . PRES 35
Determining the Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 6 Anticipating Audience Questions . . . . . . . . . PRES 35
Identifying Desired Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 7 Preparing for Audience Participation . . . . . . PRES 36
Analyzing Your Audience’s Needs and Rehearsing the Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 37
Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 9 Connecting to Your Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 39
Referring to Visuals During Your
Session 2 Visual Overview: Creating a
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 42
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 12
Evaluating Your Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 42
Creating the Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 14
Setting Up for Your Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 43
Focusing Your Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 14
Preparing Copies of Your Content . . . . . . . . . PRES 44
Identifying Your Key Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 15
Assessing the Technology and Staff
Developing an Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 15
Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 44
Gaining Your Audience’s Attention . . . . . . . . PRES 15
Becoming Familiar with the Setup . . . . . . . . . PRES 45
Providing an Overview of Your
Identifying Other Needed Supplies . . . . . . . PRES 45
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 18
Evaluating Your Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 46
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRES 48
Microsoft Office 365 & PowerPoint 2021, Comprehensive v
Module 1 Creating a Presentation Printing a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-63

Presenting Information About an Insurance Closing PowerPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-67
Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-1 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-68
Case Problem 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-70
Session 1.1 Visual Overview: The PowerPoint
Case Problem 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-71
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-2
Planning a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-4 Module 2 Adding Media and Special Effects
Starting PowerPoint and Creating a New Using Media in a Presentation for a
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-5 Veterinary Hospital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-1
Working in Touch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-6
Session 2.1 Visual Overview: Formatting
Creating a Title Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-8
Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-2
Saving and Editing a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-9
Applying a Theme Used in Another
Adding New Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-12
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-4
Creating Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-14
Inserting Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-6
Creating a Bulleted List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-15
Formatting Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-9
Creating a Numbered List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-16
Formatting Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-9
Creating an Unnumbered List . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-18
Formatting Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-13
Formatting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-20
Duplicating Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-15
Moving and Copying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-23
Rotating and Flipping Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-16
Manipulating Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-25
Creating and Formatting a Table . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-17
Changing the Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-28
Creating a Table and Adding Data to It . . . . PPT 2-17
Closing a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-32
Inserting and Deleting Rows and
Session 1.2 Visual Overview: Slide Show and Presenter Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-19
Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-34 Formatting a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-20
Opening a Presentation and Saving It with a Filling Cells with Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-26
New Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-36 Inserting Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-28
Inserting Pictures and Adding Alt Text . . . . . . PPT 1-37 Adding Footers and Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-30
Cropping Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-40
Session 2.2 Visual Overview: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-34
Resizing and Moving Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-44
Compressing Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-48 Using Animations and Transitions . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-35
Converting a List to a SmartArt Graphic . . . . . PPT 1-50 Applying Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-36
Adding Speaker Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-54 Applying Animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-38
Editing Common File Properties . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-55 Animating Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-38
Checking Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-56 Changing How an Animation Starts . . . . . . PPT 2-43
Running a Slide Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-58 Animating Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-44
vi New Perspectives Series
Using the Morph Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-47 Applying Advanced Formatting to Shapes . . . PPT 3-50
Adding and Modifying Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-51 Making Presentations Accessible . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-54
Adding Video to Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-51 Checking for Accessibility Issues . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-55
Trimming Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-54 Checking the Order Objects Will Be
Setting a Poster Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-55 Read by a Screen Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-58
Modifying Video Playback Options . . . . . . . PPT 2-56 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-61
Understanding Animation Effects Case Problem 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-64
Applied to Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-58 Case Problem 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-65
Compressing Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-60
Module 4 Advanced Animations
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-64
and Distributing Presentations
Case Problem 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-66
Creating an Advanced Presentation for
Agricultural Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-1
Module 3 Applying Advanced Formatting
to Objects Session 4.1 Visual Overview: Understanding
Formatting Objects in a Presentation for a
Advanced Animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-2
Sales and Marketing Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-1
Using Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-4
Session 3.1 Visual Overview: Creating a Adding More Than One Animation to
Chart on a Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-2 an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-6
Working with SmartArt Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-4 Using the Animation Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-10
Creating a SmartArt Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-4 Setting Animation Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-17
Changing the Appearance of a Changing the Slide Background . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-19
SmartArt Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-8 Creating and Editing Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-25
Animating a SmartArt Graphic . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-10 Creating and Editing Text Links . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-25
Adding Audio to Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-16 Changing the Color of Text Links . . . . . . . . PPT 4-29
Adding a Chart to a Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-18 Creating Object Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-30
Creating a Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-18 Inserting Action Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-32
Modifying a Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-22 Creating Slide Zooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-34
Inserting and Formatting Text Boxes . . . . . . . . PPT 3-25 Creating Slide Zooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-34
Applying WordArt Styles to Text . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-28 Modifying Slide Zooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-37
Hiding a Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-39
Session 3.2 Visual Overview: Formatting
Shapes and Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-32 Session 4.2 Visual Overview: Automatic
Removing the Background from Pictures . . . . . PPT 3-34 Slide Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-42
Editing Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-37 Creating Self-Running Presentations . . . . . . . . PPT 4-44
Creating a Custom Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-40 Setting Slide Timings Manually . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-44
Rotating Shapes with Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 3-44 Rehearsing Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-46
Microsoft Office 365 & PowerPoint 2021, Comprehensive vii
Recording a Slide Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-48 Session 5.2 Visual Overview: Importing,
Applying Kiosk Browsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-51 Embedding, and Linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-32
Using the Document Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-52 Inserting a Word Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-34
Saving a Presentation in Other Formats . . . . . PPT 4-55 Formatting Cells in Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-35
Saving a Presentation as a Video . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-55 Inserting Excel Data and Objects . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-39
Saving Slides as Pictures and a Presentation Embedding an Excel Worksheet . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-39
as a Picture Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-57 Linking an Excel Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-42
Save a Presentation as a PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-60 Breaking Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-46
Save a Presentation as a Annotating Slides During a Slide Show . . . . . . PPT 5-47
PowerPoint Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-62 Creating Handouts by Exporting a
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-64 Presentation to Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-49
Case Problem 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-66 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-52
Case Problem 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4-68 Case Problem 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-54
Case Problem 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-56
Module 5 Integrating PowerPoint with
Other Programs
Creating a Presentation for a Rowing Module 6 Customizing Presentations and the
Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-1 PowerPoint Environment
Creating a Presentation for a City-Wide Green
Session 5.1 Visual Overview: Understanding Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-1
Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-2
Session 6.1 Visual Overview: Slide
Creating a Presentation by Importing Content . PPT 5-4
Master View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-2
Creating a Presentation by Inserting a
Sharing and Collaborating with Others . . . . . . . PPT 6-4
Word Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-4
Comparing Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-4
Inserting Slides from Another Presentation . PPT 5-8
Working with Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-7
Working in Outline View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-9
Working in Slide Master View . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-10
Organizing a Presentation Using Sections
and Zooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-12 Modifying the Slide Master . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-11
Creating Sections in a Presentation . . . . . . . PPT 5-12 Modifying the Style of Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-14
Creating Section Zooms and a Summary Creating Slide Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-19
Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-13 Modifying a Slide Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-24
Manipulating Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-18 Changing Theme Fonts and Colors . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-26
Inserting Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-22 Filling Text and Shapes with a Color
Using the Effect Options Dialog Box to Used on the Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-31
Modify Animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-24 Saving a Presentation as a Custom
Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-27 Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-36
viii New Perspectives Series
Session 6.2 Visual Overview: Advanced Presenting Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-51

File Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-40 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-54
Creating a Custom Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-42 Case Problem 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-55
Working with File Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-44
Encrypting a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-46 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IDX 1
Making a Presentation Read-Only . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-48
Getting to Know
Microsoft Office Versions
Cengage is proud to bring you the next edition of Microsoft Office. This
edition was designed to provide a robust learning experience that is not
dependent upon a specific version of Office.
Microsoft supports several versions of Office:
• Office 365: A cloud-based subscription service that delivers
Microsoft’s most up-to-date, feature-rich, modern productivity tools
direct to your device. There are variations of Office 365 for business,
educational, and personal use. Office 365 offers extra online storage
and cloud-connected features, as well as updates with the latest
features, fixes, and security updates.
• Office 2021: Microsoft’s “on-premises” version of the Office apps,
available for both PCs and Macs, offered as a static, one-time
purchase and outside of the subscription model.
• Office Online: A free, simplified version of Office web applications
(Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote) that facilitates creating and
editing files collaboratively.
Office 365 (the subscription model) and Office 2021 (the one-time pur-
chase model) had only slight differences between them at the time this
content was developed. Over time, Office 365’s cloud interface will con-
tinuously update, offering new application features and functions, while
Office 2021 will remain static. Therefore, your onscreen experience may
differ from what you see in this product. For example, the more advanced
features and functionalities covered in this product may not be available
in Office Online or may have updated from what you see in Office 2021.
For more information on the differences between Office 365, Office 2021,
and Office Online, please visit the Microsoft Support site.
Cengage is committed to providing high-quality learning solutions for
you to gain the knowledge and skills that will empower you throughout
your educational and professional careers.
Thank you for using our product, and we look forward to exploring the
future of Microsoft Office with you!
Getting to Know Microsoft Office Versions OFF-1
Using SAM Projects
and Textbook Projects
SAM Projects allow you to actively apply the skills you learned live in
Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, or Access. Become a more productive
student and use these skills throughout your career.
To complete SAM Textbook Projects, please follow these steps:

SAM Textbook Projects allow you to complete a project as you follow
along with the steps in the textbook. As you read the module, look for
icons that indicate when you should download your SAM Start
file(s) and when to upload the final project file to SAM for grading.
Everything you need to complete this project is provided within SAM.
You can launch the eBook directly from SAM, which will allow you to take
notes, highlight, and create a custom study guide, or you can use a print
textbook or your mobile app. Download IOS or Download Android.
To get started, launch your SAM Project assignment from SAM, MindTap,
or a link within your LMS.
Step 1: Download Files

• Click the “Download All” button or the individual links to download
your Start File and Support File(s) (when available). You must use
the SAM Start file.
• Click the Instructions link to launch the eBook (or use the print
textbook or mobile app).
• Disregard any steps in the textbook that ask you to create a new
file or to use a file from a location outside of SAM.
• Look for the SAM Download icon to begin working with your
start file.
• Follow the module’s step-by-step instructions until you reach the
SAM Upload icon .
• Save and close the file.
Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects SAM-1
Step 2: Save Work to SAM
• Ensure you rename your project file to match the Expected File
Name.
• Upload your in-progress or completed file to SAM. You can down-
load the file to continue working or submit it for grading in the
next step.
Step 3: Submit for Grading
• Upload the completed file to SAM for immediate feedback and to
view the available Reports.
• The Graded Summary Report provides a detailed list of project
steps, your score, and feedback to aid you in revising and re-
submitting the project.
• The Study Guide Report provides your score for each project
step and links to the associated training and textbook pages.
• If additional attempts are allowed, use your reports to assist with
revising and resubmitting your project.
• To re-submit the project, download the file saved in step 2.
• Edit, save, and close the file, then re-upload and submit it again.
For all other SAM Projects, please follow these steps:

To get started, launch your SAM Project assignment from SAM, MindTap,
or a link within your LMS.
Step 1: Download Files

• Click the “Download All” button or the individual links to download
your Instruction File, Start File, and Support File(s) (when
available). You must use the SAM Start file.
• Open the Instruction file and follow the step-by-step instructions.
Ensure you rename your project file to match the Expected File
Name (change _1 to _2 at the end of the file name).
Step 2: Save Work to SAM
• Upload your in-progress or completed file to SAM. You can down-
load the file to continue working or submit it for grading in the
next step.
SAM-2 Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects
Step 3: Submit for Grading
• Upload the completed file to SAM for immediate feedback and to
view available Reports.
• The Graded Summary Report provides a detailed list of project
steps, your score, and feedback to aid you in revising and
resubmitting the project.
• The Study Guide Report provides your score for each project
step and links to the associated training and textbook pages.
• If additional attempts are allowed, use your reports to assist with
revising and resubmitting your project.
• To re-submit the project, download the file saved in step 2.
• Edit, save, and close the file, then re-upload and submit it again.
For additional tips to successfully complete your SAM Projects, please

view our Common Student Errors Infographic.
Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects SAM-3
O b j e ct ives Planning,
Session 1
• Understand presentations and
presentation media
Developing,
• Learn about common forms of
presentations and Giving a
Presentation
• Understand how to identify a
presentation’s purposes and
desired outcomes
• Identify an audience’s
demographics and the Preparing a Presentation for a Resort
audience’s relationship to the
presenter
• Learn how to recognize the
needs and expectations of an
Case | Outer Island Hotel and Resort
audience Outer Island Hotel and Resort is a hotel on Sanibel Island in Florida.
Session 2 The hotel was recently bought by the national hotel chain, Castle
• Understand the importance Hotels. Castle Hotels spent the last year renovating Outer Island
of determining the focus for a Hotel and Resort. They hired Theary Him to create a marketing
presentation campaign to attract new corporate business to the hotel. As part
• Learn how to identify the key of the campaign, Theary plans to visit large companies all over the
points of a presentation United States to describe the services and amenities of the hotel and
• Understand how to develop an to convince them to schedule their next convention, sales meeting,
effective introduction, body, or corporate retreat at the hotel. She needs to create a presentation
and conclusion to help her do this.
• Explore types of visuals and
handouts In this module, you’ll learn how to plan presentations by deter-
Session 3 mining their purposes and outcomes and by analyzing the needs
• Identify the ways to deliver a and expectations of your audience. You’ll also understand the
presentation importance of identifying a clear focus for the presentations and
• Learn how to prepare for outlining your key points, and how to apply this information as
audience questions and you develop an introduction, organized body, and conclusion for
participation presentations. You’ll learn about the types of visuals and handouts
• Understand what to focus on you can use to support the content of a presentation and about
when rehearsing a presentation the criteria for assessing the situation and facilities for giving the
• Consider aspects of your presentation. Finally, you will learn the value of rehearsing your
appearance delivery and preparing your appearance, and how to evaluate
• Consider the steps for setting
your performance.
up for a presentation
• Learn how to evaluate your
performance
Starting Data Files
There are no starting Data Files needed for this module.
PRES 1
PRES 2 Concepts | Planning, Developing, and Giving a Presentation
Session 1 Visual Overview:

Knowing whether the presentation will Understanding what you want your
be delivered by a person either in front listeners to know, think, feel, or do
of a live audience or over the Internet, Presentations can be after listening to your message
or if it will be self-running, affects how informative, persuasive, helps keep you focused on your
you will use presentation media. or demonstrative. audience’s needs.
Determine Determine
Identify the
the form of the purpose
desired
the of the
outcome
presentation presentation
Planning, Developing, and Giving a Presentation | Concepts PRES 3
Planning a Presentation
Identifying your audience’s Learning the characteristics
relationship to you can help of your audience will help
you determine the appropriate you deliver an effective
style for your presentation. presentation.
Determine Determine
the the
audience’s demographics
relationship of the
to you audience
Understanding Presentations
and Presentation Media
A presentation is a talk in which the person speaking—the presenter—is communicating
with an audience in an effort to explain new concepts or ideas, sell a product or service,
entertain, train the audience in a new skill or technique, or achieve a wide variety of
other goals. The ability to give an interesting and informative presentation is an important
skill for students and professionals in all types of businesses.
Some talented presenters are able to simply stand in front of an audience and speak.
They don’t need any presentation media—the visual and audio aids that you display to
support your points—because they are able to captivate the audience and clearly explain
their topics simply by speaking. Most of us, however, want to use presentation media to
help hold the audience’s interest and enhance their understanding. Presentation media is
also a valuable reinforcement tool for those who process learning visually.
Presentation media can include photos, lists, music, video, and objects that the
presenter shows or shares with the audience. You can also use the following tools to
display presentation media:
• Presentation software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint
• Whiteboard
• Flip chart
• Posters
• Overhead transparencies
• Handouts
• Chalkboard
Presentation software like PowerPoint makes it very easy for presenters to create bulleted
lists of information points. This sometimes results in all of the presenter’s c ontent listed
on a screen behind them, which they then proceed to read to their audience. Since most
people can read faster than someone can speak, the audience finishes reading the words
before the presenter finishes speaking, and then sits, bored, waiting for the presenter
to move on to new information. Even if the presenter has additional information to
communicate, the audience, anticipating that they will be able to read the information on
the screen, has probably stopped listening. Sometimes visuals contain so many words that
to make them all fit, the presenter must use a small font, making it difficult or impossible
for the audience to read, leading to frustration as well as boredom (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 A bored audience member
Yuri Acurs/Shutterstock.com
Although brief bulleted lists can be very helpful when the presenter is explaining
facts, people attend presentations to hear the speaker and perhaps to see diagrams or
other illustrations that will help them understand and retain the information. When you
give a presentation, you should take advantage of this opportunity to thoroughly engage
your audience. For example, if you display a graphic that supports your statements,
your presentation will be more interesting, and the audience will pay attention to you
and what you are saying, rather than tuning you out while trying to read words on the
screen (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 An interested, engaged audience
Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock.com
In order to deliver a successful presentation, you need to spend time developing it.
There are three stages to developing a presentation: planning, creating, and preparing
your delivery. In this session, you will focus on the planning stage.
Planning a Presentation
When you plan a presentation, you need to consider some of the same factors you
consider when planning a written document—your purpose, your audience, and the
information you want to convey. Planning a presentation in advance will improve the
quality of your presentation, make it more effective and enjoyable for your audience,
make you better prepared to deliver it, and, in the long run, save you time and effort.
As you plan your presentation, you should ask yourself the following questions:
• Will I deliver the presentation real-time in front of a live audience or in a webinar, or will
it be a self-running presentation? If it is real-time, will it be recorded for later viewing?
• What are the purposes and desired outcomes of this presentation?
• Who is the audience for my presentation, and what do they need and expect?
The following sections will help you answer these questions so that you can create a
more effective presentation, and enable you to feel confident in presenting your ideas.
Determining the Form of the Presentation

Usually when someone refers to a presentation, they mean an oral presentation given by a
presenter to a live audience. When giving an oral presentation, a person might present to
a small audience in a room the size of a classroom, to an audience in a hall large enough
to require using a microphone, or over the Internet in webinar format. A webinar is a

presentation in which the audience signs in to a shared view of the presenter’s computer
screen and either can hear the speaker through the screen, or calls in to a conference call
to hear the presenter over the telephone line. If the presenter is using video technology,
such as a webcam, the webinar audience will be able to see the presenter as well.
Depending on the webinar software, the audience might also be able to participate by
asking questions verbally or posting them to an area of the screen.
With PowerPoint and other presentation software, you can also create a presentation
that is self-running or that is controlled by the person viewing it. Sometimes, this type of
presentation includes recorded audio, but often it includes only the presentation content.
This type of presentation can be challenging to create because the person who prepares
the content needs to avoid making it simply a substitute for a written document.
If you are presenting in front of a live audience, you can use facial expressions
and body language to help convey your points. If presenting in person, or with some
webinar formats, you can also see your audience’s facial expressions and body
language, which can help to indicate how they are feeling about your presentation.
For example, if you see confused expressions, you might decide to pause for questions.
If you are presenting via a webinar, you need to make sure all the visuals that you
use to help explain your points are very clear, and you need to figure out how to
interact with your audience in a way that won’t disrupt the flow of your presentation.
If the presentation will be self-running or pre-recorded, the content will need to
be compelling enough on its own to make the audience want to watch the entire
presentation. For this reason, the content of a self-running or pre-recorded presentation
must be even more visually interesting because the presenter will not have the
opportunity to directly engage the audience.
Determining the Presentation’s Purposes and

Desired Outcomes
When you are planning a presentation, you need to know what the purpose of the
presentation is. Most presentations have one of three purposes: to inform, to persuade,
or to demonstrate.
Determining the Purposes

Informative presentations are designed to inform or educate. This type of presentation
provides the audience with background information, knowledge, and specific details
about a topic that will enable them to gain understanding, make informed decisions,
or increase their expertise on a topic. Examples of informative presentations include:
• Summary of research findings at an academic conference
• Briefings on the status of projects
• Overview, reviews, or evaluations of products and services
• Reports at company meetings
Persuasive presentations are designed to persuade or sell. They have the specific
purpose of influencing how an audience feels or acts regarding a particular position or
plan, or trying to convince the audience to buy something. Persuasive presentations are
usually designed as balanced arguments involving logical as well as emotional reasons
for supporting an action or viewpoint. Examples of persuasive presentations include:
• Recommendations of specific steps to take to achieve goals
• Sales presentations to sell a product or service
• Motivational presentations
Demonstrative (or training) presentations show an audience how something works,
educate them on how to perform a task, or help them to understand a process or
procedure. Sometimes you will provide listeners with hands-on experience, practice,
and feedback so they can correct their mistakes and improve their performances.
Examples of demonstrative presentations include:
• Software demonstrations
• Process explanations
• Employee training
• Seminars and workshops
• Educational classes and courses
You should always identify the primary purpose of your presentation. However,
presenters often have more than one goal, which means your presentation might have
additional, secondary purposes. For example, the primary purpose of a presentation
might be to inform an audience about a wildlife preserve and describe it to them. But
the secondary purpose might be to raise funds for that preserve. Identifying the primary
purpose of a presentation helps you focus the content; however, by acknowledging
secondary purposes, you can be prepared to answer or deflect questions until after the
presentation so that the primary purpose remains the focus of the presentation.
Figure 3 summarizes the three categories of presentation purposes and their goals.
Figure 3 Purposes for giving presentations
Purpose Goal Examples

Informative Present facts and details Summary of research findings, status reports,
briefings, discussions of products and services
Persuasive Influence feelings or actions Recommendation reports, sales presentations,
motivational presentations
Demonstrative Show how something works and Software demos, process explanations,
(Training) rovide practice and feedback
p employee training, seminars and workshops,
educational courses
When Theary gives her presentation about the hotel, her primary purpose will be
to persuade the people in her audience to book the Outer Island Hotel and Resort for
company events. Her secondary purpose will be to convince her audience members to
consider visiting the hotel on their next vacation.
Identifying Desired Outcomes

In addition to determining the purpose of a presentation, you should also consider what
you hope to achieve in giving your presentation. That means you need to determine
the desired outcomes of your presentation—what you want your listeners to know,
think, feel, or do after listening to the message. Focusing on the desired outcomes of
your presentation forces you to make it more audience-oriented. Just as when you
determined the purpose of your presentation, you might find that although you have a
primary desired outcome, secondary outcomes might be acceptable as well.
You should be able to concisely express the purpose and desired outcomes of your
presentation. Writing down the purpose and desired outcomes helps you decide what
to include in the presentation, enabling you to create a more effective presentation.
A good statement of your purpose and desired outcomes will also help when you write
the introduction and conclusion for your presentation. Consider the following examples
of specific purpose statements with specific outcomes:
• Purpose: To demonstrate a newly purchased projector that staff members can use for
giving presentations to small groups.
Outcome: Staff members will understand how to use the new equipment.
• Purpose: To inform department heads at a college about the benefits of a new

website where students can receive tutoring.
Outcome: Audience will understand the benefits of the program.
Secondary Purpose: To persuade department heads to recruit tutors for the program.
Secondary Outcome: Department heads will ask their faculty to identify potential
tutors.
The desired outcome of Theary’s presentation is that the event planners at the companies
she visits will book their companies’ events at the Outer Island Hotel and Resort.
Figure 4 shows a basic worksheet for helping determine the form, purpose, and
outcome of a presentation. This worksheet is filled out with Theary’s information.
Figure 4 Form, Purpose, and Outcome worksheet for hotel presentation
Analyzing Your Audience’s Needs

and Expectations
The more you know about your audience, the more you’ll be able to adapt your
presentation to their needs. By putting yourself in your audience’s shoes, you’ll be able
to visualize them as more than just a group of passive listeners, and you can anticipate
what they need and expect from your presentation. Anticipating the needs of your
audience also increases the chances that your audience will react favorably to your
presentation.
The first step in analyzing your audience is to determine their relationship to you. If you
are speaking to your peers, you could adopt a less formal style than if you are speaking
to your managers or people who report to you. Also, if you are speaking to people who
know you and your credentials, you might be able to present in a more informal, familiar
manner than if you are speaking to people who have never met you.
The second step in analyzing your audience is to find out about their demographics.
Demographics are characteristics that describe your audience. Some of the
demographics that affect your presentations are:
• Age—People of different age groups vary in terms of attention span and the way they
absorb information. For example, children have shorter attention spans and generally
can’t sit still as long as adults, so presentations to children should be divided into
short sessions interspersed with physical activity.
• Cultural background—Each culture has its own expectations for how to write, speak,
and communicate, including nonverbal conventions such as gestures and body
movement. It is important to remember that cultural differences can occur even in
the same country.
• Expertise—Audiences with specialized training expect examples that use terms and
concepts from their field. Audiences who are unfamiliar with a topic will require
more definitions and explanation to understand the presentation.
Insight
Understanding the Needs of an International Audience
If you’re presenting to an international audience, whether over the Internet or in
person, it is important to understand the different cultural expectations that interna-
tional audiences may have for your presentation, including expectations for nonverbal
communication. These cultural expectations are subtle but powerful, and you can
immediately create a negative impression if you don’t understand them. For example,
audiences from cultures outside the United States may expect you to speak and dress
more formally than you are used to in the United States. In addition, some cultures
may take offense at certain topics or jokes.
There are no universal guidelines that would enable you to characterize the needs
of all international audiences; however, there are some commonsense recommenda-
tions. You should analyze the hand gestures and symbols you use routinely to see if
they have different meaning for other cultures. Be cautious about using humor because
it is easy to misinterpret. Most importantly, take special care to avoid using cultural
stereotypes, even if you think they are positive or well-meaning.
Also avoid using idioms or phrases that might not be widely used outside of your
area or country, such as “the cat’s out of the bag” or “jump on the bandwagon.”
Understanding who your audience is and their needs and expectations helps you
adapt the content of your presentation to a particular audience. Figure 5 shows a
worksheet that Theary used to analyze the needs and expectations of her audience.
Figure 5 Audience Analysis worksheet for the hotel presentation
Proskills
Teamwork: Planning Collaborative Presentations
Because much of the work in business and industry is collaborative, it’s only natural
that some presentations are created and presented by a team of people. These types
of presentations are referred to as collaborative presentations and they provide many
benefits, including:
• Sharing a greater range of expertise and ideas
• Provoking more discussion due to different presentation styles and a wider range
of information being shared
• Providing more people with exposure and the rewards of a task accomplished
• Allowing more people to gain valuable experience in communicating ideas
In addition to creating compelling content, a successful collaborative presentation
depends on your group’s ability to plan thoroughly and practice together. To ensure a
successful group presentation, consider the following as you plan your presentation:
• Involve the whole team in the planning.
• Show respect for the ideas of all team members, and be sensitive to personality
and cultural differences among the team members.
• Convey clear time constraints to each speaker and ensure that all speakers are
prepared to limit themselves to the time allotted.
• Plan for the transitions between speakers.
In this session you learned how to plan a presentation and to consider the needs and
expectations of your audience. In the next session, you will learn about the steps for
creating the content of a presentation.
Review
Session 1 Quick Check
1. Describe the difference between a presentation and presentation media.
2. What are the three stages of developing a presentation?
3. List the three categories of presentation purposes.
4. Give an example of each category of presentation purpose.
5. Why is it important to focus on the desired outcomes of a presentation?
6. List three examples of audience demographics.
Session 2 Visual Overview:

A presentation’s focus can be based Information gathered from a variety
on the chronology of events, a of sources can help support your
geography or region, categories or An effective introduction should statements, as long as the information
classifications, a particular component engage the audience and state is accurate and up-to-date and the
or segment, or a point of view. the purpose for your presentation. source is reputable.
Establish a
Gather and
focus and Write an
evaluate
identify key introduction
information
points
Creating a Presentation
Comparing your conclusion to your
Presentations can be organized introduction ensures that you maintain
inductively, deductively, the focus of your presentation.
sequentially (chronologically), Restating your main points reinforces Both text and graphics
spatially, or as a problem/solution. key points for your listeners. can serve as visuals.
Organize
the
Write a Create
information
conclusion visuals
for your
presentation
Creating the Presentation

Once you determine the form of the presentation, determine your purpose and
outcome, and analyze your audience’s needs and expectations, you need to create
the content of your presentation. There are multiple steps to creating the content of a
presentation. As shown in the Session 2 Visual Overview, to create the presentation’s
content, you need to identify the main ideas and focus of your presentation, and then
develop the introduction, body, and conclusion. Then you can create visual and audio
aids that will help your audience understand your content.
Focusing Your Presentation

Tip One of the biggest challenges presenters face is focusing their presentations by limiting
the topic, concentrating on one aspect of it. You should begin by identifying the major
If your audience’s experi-
ence level is unknown
points or main ideas that are directly relevant to your listeners’ needs and interests,
to you, you can prepare and then focus on those. Some presenters worry that audiences will not understand
background slides that you the material unless every aspect of a topic is explained. If you try to cover everything,
can access during your you’ll give your audience irrelevant information and they’ll lose interest as they try
presentation as needed.
to filter out unnecessary details. Focusing on one aspect of a topic is like bringing a
picture into focus with a camera—it clarifies your subject and allows you to emphasize
interesting details.
Strategies for focusing or limiting your presentation topic are the same as those you
would use to create a focus for any written document—focus on a particular time or
chronology, geography or region, category, component or element, segment or portion
of a procedure, or point of view.
• Time or chronology—Limiting a topic by time means you focus on a segment of
time, rather than trying to cover the entire history of a topic. Unfocused: The history
of Egypt from 640 to 2000. Focused: The history of Egypt during the Nasser years
(1952–1970).
• Geography or region—Limiting a topic by geography or region means you look at a
topic as it relates to a specific location. Unfocused: Fly fishing. Focused: Fly fishing
in western Colorado.
• Category or classification—Limiting a topic by category means you focus on one
member of a group or on a limited function. Unfocused: Thermometers. Focused:
Using bimetallic-coil thermometers to control bacteria in restaurant-prepared foods.
• Component or element—Limiting a topic by component or element means you
focus on one small aspect or part of an organization or problem. Unfocused:
Business trends. Focused: Blending accounting practices and legal services, a
converging trend in large businesses.
• Segment or portion—Limiting a topic by segment or portion means you focus on
one part of a process or procedure. Unfocused: Designing, manufacturing, handling,
storing, packaging, and transporting of optical filters. Focused: Acceptance testing of
optical filters.
• Point of view—Limiting a topic by point of view means you look at a topic from
the perspective of a single group. Unfocused: Employee benefits. Focused: How
school districts can retain their teachers by providing childcare assistance and other
nontraditional benefits.
Theary plans to focus her presentation by limiting the topic to focusing on a point of
view—making sure she describes the resort so that each audience member understands
how it will meet the company’s needs.
Identifying Your Key Points

Once you have determined your focus, you need to identify the key points of your
presentation. To help you continue to design your presentation with the listener in
mind, phrase the key points as the conclusions you want your audience to draw from
the presentation.
As you identify the key points, order them in a numbered list with the most
important idea listed first and the least important point listed last. This will help
you maintain the focus and ensure that the most important points receive the most
attention. For example, the key points of Theary’s presentation about the Outer Island
Hotel and Resort are:
1. The hotel was recently completely renovated.
2. The resort has many amenities and services that will appeal to large groups.
3. The hotel will work with the company to create the perfect event.
Once you’ve established a focus and identified your key points, you need to create the
introduction, body, and conclusion of your presentation. Good presentations start with
an effective introduction, continue with a well-organized body, and end with a strong
conclusion.
Developing an Introduction
The introduction, or opening statement, of a presentation enables you to gain your
listeners’ attention, establish a relationship with your audience, and preview your
key points. The introduction sets the tone for the entire presentation. An inadequate
introduction can ruin the rest of your presentation no matter how well you’ve prepared.
Consider these guidelines to avoid common mistakes:
• Don’t begin by apologizing about any aspect of your presentation, such as how ner-
vous you are or your lack of preparation. Apologies can cause the audience to lose
faith in your credibility as a presenter or expert on your topic.
• Don’t use gimmicks to begin your presentation, such as asking the audience to repeat
a phrase, singing a song, or ringing a bell. Members of your audience may not know
how to respond or will feel uncomfortable.
• Avoid trite, flattering, or phony statements, such as, “Ladies and gentlemen, it is an
unfathomable honor to be in your presence.” Gaining respect requires treating your
audience as your equal.
• Be cautious when using humor. It’s difficult to predict how audiences will respond
to jokes and other forms of humor. Also, what one person or group finds humorous
might offend another person or group.
Gaining Your Audience’s Attention

The purpose of the introduction is to provide the listeners with an organizational overview
of your presentation; however, it is also important to remember that the introduction
provides the audience with their first impression of you and your presentation. Even if
your audience is interested in your topic, they can be easily distracted, so it’s important to
create an effective introduction that will immediately grab their attention. A truly effective
introduction captures the attention of your audience and establishes a rapport with them.
Some effective ways to gain your audience’s attention are:
• Share anecdotes.
• Discuss statistics and quantitative data.
• Mention a quotation, familiar phrase, or definition.
• Ask questions.
• Raise a current problem or issue.
• Comment about the audience or occasion.
• State the purpose of the presentation.
Share Anecdotes
Sharing anecdotes (short stories or personal experiences that demonstrate a specific
point) is a very effective method of gaining your audience’s attention. Anecdotes allow
your audience to relate to you as a person and make your topic more relevant. For
example, Theary could begin her presentation by describing a recent successful event
held at the hotel:
“Last month, Worldwide Phone Systems held their annual sales meeting at Outer
Island Hotel and Resort. They needed a room large enough to serve 800 people dinner
and with a stage for presenting awards. We were able to remove a moveable wall
between our two largest ballrooms and accommodate them. They also wanted to ensure
that attendees seated farthest from the stage would be able to clearly see the people on
the stage. We provided two 10 foot by 10 foot screens located on either side of the stage
so that even someone at the back table could clearly see the stage. Finally, they asked
us to arrange outings during the day. We arranged several activities for their attendees
including tee times at the resort, kayaking and canoeing tours, a guided tour of the J.N.
Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge, and a tour of Sanibel Historical Museum and
Village. The events director at Worldwide told me that it was the most successful sales
meeting they had for the last 10 years.”
Discuss Statistics and Quantitative Data

Another way to engage your audience is to discuss interesting statistics and quantitative
data relating to the needs of your audience. To be effective, make sure that the statistics
and data you use are current, accurate, and easily understood.
In Theary’s presentation, she could share statistics and data about the number of sunny
days on Sanibel Island.
Mention a Quotation, Familiar Phrase, or Definition

Short quotes, familiar phrases, or definitions are another way to gain your audience’s
attention. This strategy works because your audience wants to know how the quote,
phrase, or definition relates to your topic, and this leads naturally into the rest of your
talk. Castle Hotels has been running a national marketing campaign to raise brand
awareness, and their slogan has been repeated for months in online, television, radio,
and print ads. The slogan is, “You are our number one VIP.” Theary could begin by
quoting that slogan and emphasizing that it is not just a slogan, it is the way she and
the hotel employees will treat each and every guest.
Ask Questions
Asking questions to introduce your topic can be effective if the questions are
thought-provoking and the issues are important. This can be especially effective in small
group settings or situations where you’re attempting to find new ways to approach
ideas. Asking audience members to give tentative answers to an informal quiz or
questionnaire allows you to adjust your presentation to accommodate their responses.
Tip Rhetorical questions (questions you don’t expect the audience to answer) are especially
effective. Rhetorical questions engage the audience right away because the audience
If an audience member
calls out humorous or members instinctively reply to the question internally.
otherwise unwanted In her presentation, Theary could emphasize the hotel’s dedication to making
answers to your questions, sure every guest is satisfied by asking the rhetorical question “Have you ever had a
be polite, but redirect your disappointing customer service experience?” and then following that statement with
audience to the focus of
examples of how customer service issues have been handled successfully in the past.
your presentation.
Raise a Current Problem or Issue

Another way to grab the attention of your audience is to raise a current problem or
unresolved issue. This provides you with an opportunity to suggest a change or a
solution to the problem. By defining a problem for your audience, you develop a
common ground upon which you can provide insight, examine alternatives, and make
recommendations.
In Theary’s presentation, she could address the current issue of climate change by
describing the hotel’s commitment to the environment. For example, new solar panels
provide 70% of the hotel’s electricity, the hotel has agreements with a local agency to
compost food waste, and new, automatic shut-off systems for air conditioners and lights
in guest rooms, conference rooms, and common area rest rooms were installed.
Comment About the Audience or Occasion

To show your enthusiasm about the group you’re addressing, as well as about your topic,
you can make comments about the audience or occasion. If you do this, your comments
should be brief and sincere. Referring to the occasion can be as simple as Theary saying,
“Thank you so much for allowing me to describe our newly renovated hotel and resort
and how we can meet your needs for your next sales meeting, corporate retreat, or
convention.”
State the Purpose of the Presentation

Simply announcing your purpose works well as an introduction if your audience is
already interested in your topic or if your time is limited. Most audiences, however, will
appreciate a more creative approach than simply stating, “I’m going to try to convince
you that Outer Island Hotel and Resort is the best place to schedule your next event.”
For example, in Theary’s presentation, she might say something like, “I am here to
describe our beautiful hotel and location.”
Figure 6 summarizes the ways to gain your audience’s attention.
Figure 6 Ways to gain your audience’s attention
Method Result
Share anecdotes Helps audience relate to you as a real person
Discuss statistics and quantitative data Increases audience interest in topic
Mention a quotation, familiar phrase, Leads in well to remainder of presentation
or definition
Ask questions Gets audience thinking about topic
Raise a current problem or issue Prepares audience to consider solutions or
r ecommendations for change
Comment about the audience or occasion Enables you to show your enthusiasm
State the purpose of the presentation Works well if audience is already interested
Providing an Overview of Your Presentation

Tip After you have gained the attention of your audience, you might choose to provide
You can choose to show a
them with an overview of your presentation. Overviews, sometimes called advance
visual overview or you can organizers or previews, prepare your audience for the points that will follow. They can
simply explain your plan be very effective for longer presentations or for presentations that cover complex or
or structure. technical information. Overviews help your audience remember your presentation by
providing a road map of how it is organized. Overviews should be brief and simple,
stating what you plan to do and in what order. After you’ve given your audience an
overview of your presentation, it’s important that you follow that same order.
Once you’ve created your introduction, you’re ready to develop the body of your
presentation.
Developing the Body of Your Presentation

Tip The body of your presentation is where you present pertinent information, supporting
Always consider whether
evidence, and important details. To develop the body, you need to gather information
your content is helping on your key points, determine the organizational approach, add supporting details and
you achieve the other pertinent information, and provide transitions from one point to the next.
desired outcome of the
presentation. If it doesn’t,
revise accordingly. Gathering Information
Most of the time, you’ll give presentations on topics about which you’re
knowledgeable and comfortable. Other times, you might have to give presentations on
topics that are new to you. In either case, you’ll need to explain the reasoning behind
your statements, provide support for claims, present sensible recommendations, and
anticipate objections to your statements or conclusions. This means you need to go
beyond your personal experience and do in-depth research to provide relevant and
up-to-date information, verifiable facts, truthful statistics, and expert testimony
(see Figure 7). Always remember to cite your sources for facts, quotes, and other
information.
You can find additional information on your topic by consulting the following:
• Internet sources, including blogs, Twitter feeds, recorded webinars, and podcasts—
Be sure to verify that the source is credible.
• Library resources—You can access library resources, such as books, encyclopedias,
academic journals, government publications, and other reference materials, using
the library’s computerized catalog, indexes, and professional database services.
• Corporate documents and office correspondence—Since using these materials
might violate your company’s nondisclosure policy, you might need to obtain your
company’s permission or get legal clearance to use the information.
• Popular press items from newspapers, radio, TV, the web, and magazines—This
information, geared for general audiences, provides large-scale details and personal
opinions that may need to be supplemented by additional research.
• Interviews with experts and authorities in the field or other members of your
organization—Talking to other people who are knowledgeable about your topic
will give you additional insight.
• Surveys and observations—If you do your own interviews, surveys, and observations,
be prepared with a list of specific questions, and always be respectful of other
people’s time.
Figure 7 Gathering information from a variety of sources
Duplass/Shutterstock.com
Evaluating Information
Tip Not all of the information you gather will be of equal value. You must evaluate the
Some sources have
information you gather by asking whether it is accurate, up-to-date, and reputable.
the look and feel of When evaluating Internet sources in particular, it’s important that you ascertain
authoritative, research- whether the websites you use as sources contain a bias or viewpoint that influences the
based information, but are information, such as a sales pitch.
skewed by politics, profits,
You should also evaluate whether the information is pertinent to your particular topic.
or personal opinions.
The scope of some topics is so broad, you will need to whittle down the information to
only that which serves to clarify or enhance the specific key points of your presentation.
Consider whether the information supports your purpose and focus.
For her presentation, Theary collected the following additional information: a list of
all the upgrades that were done, a complete list of the activities offered by the resort, the
number of rooms and meeting areas available, statistics from the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration about the average temperature and number of sunny days on
the island, menus from the hotel and area restaurants, and a schedule of the free shuttles
to and from the airport.
Organizing Your Information

After you have fully researched your topic and evaluated the information you’ve
gathered, you’re ready to organize the information in an understandable and logical
manner so that your listeners can easily follow your ideas. You should choose an
organizational approach for your information based upon the purpose, audience, and
situation of each presentation. Sometimes your company or supervisor might ask you
to follow a specific organizational pattern or format in giving your presentations. Other
times you might be able to choose your own organizational approach. Some common
organizational options include deductive, inductive, chronological, spatial, and
problem-solution.
Deductive organization means that you present your conclusions or solutions
first, and then explain the information that led you to your conclusions. See Figure 8.
Deductive organization is the most common pattern used in business because it presents
the most important or bottom-line information first.
Figure 8 Deductive organization
Introduction/Conclusion
Body
Summary
When you begin with the individual facts and save your conclusions until the end
of your presentation, you are using inductive organization. See Figure 9. Inductive
organization is useful when your purpose is to persuade your audience to follow
an unusual plan of action, or you feel your audience might resist your conclusions.
However, inductively organized presentations can be more difficult to follow because
the most important information may come at the end of the presentation.
Figure 9 Inductive organization
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Organizing Theary’s presentation in a deductive manner would mean that Theary

would begin by stating that the hotel is the best place in the country to hold an event,
and then describe all the amenities and facts about the hotel and the area. If Theary
organized her presentation inductively, she would do the opposite. She would start by
describing the amenities and facts about the hotel and conclude by stating the hotel is
the obvious choice for the next company event.
When you use sequential or chronological organization, you organize information
in a step-by-step fashion or according to a time sequence. See Figure 10. Sequential
organization works best when you must demonstrate a procedure, train someone to
use a piece of equipment, or explain the evolution of a concept. Failing to present
sequential information in the proper order can leave your listeners confused and might
result in wasting time and resources.
Figure 10 Sequential (chronological) organization
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
etc.
If Theary decided to organize her presentation sequentially, she could describe a

typical guest’s experience at the hotel from the time they check in through the time they
check out.
Spatial organization is used to provide a logical and effective order for describing
the physical layout of an item or system. See Figure 11.
Figure 11 Spatial organization
Third Floor
Second Floor
First Floor
To organize her presentation spatially, Theary would describe the hotel’s various
areas, such as the guest rooms, the conference rooms, the indoor and outdoor eating
areas, the golf course, and so on.
Problem-solution organization consists of presenting a problem, outlining various
solutions to the problem, and then explaining the solution you recommend. See
Figure 12. Problem-solution presentations work best for recommending a specific
action or solution.
Figure 12 Problem‐solving organization
Possible
solution 1
Statement
Possible Possible
of
solution 4 solution 2
problem
Possible
solution 3
If Theary uses problem-solving organization in her presentation, she would present the
roblem—the company’s need for a location for their event—and then recommend her
p
solution—that they book their event at Outer Island Hotel and Resort because it will meet
all of their needs.
Figure 13 summarizes the ways you can organize a presentation.
Figure 13 Ways to organize a presentation
Organizational Pattern Explanation of Pattern

Deductive Present conclusions or solutions first
Inductive Present conclusions or solutions last
Sequential (Chronological) Order by sequence or time
Spatial Order by space or position
Problem/Solution Present problem and various solutions, then recommend solution
Developing Your Conclusion

Conclusions are valuable because they allow you to restate your key points, thus h elping
your listeners remember important information from your presentation. You can also
suggest appropriate actions and recommend further resources. The conclusion is the last
thing your audience hears and sees, and will likely stay with them longer than individual
points you made—if it’s effective. Therefore, you should give the same amount of attention
and effort to developing the conclusion as you did to your introduction.
The following suggestions will help you create an effective conclusion:
• Use a clear transition to move into your conclusion. This will signal your a udience
that you’re moving from the body of your presentation to the closing statements.
Avoid ending with a trite statement like “I see my time is up, so I’ll stop here,”
which sends a general message to your audience that you did not develop a
conclusion or prepare adequately to present all the relevant information in the
amount of time available.
• Keep your conclusion short and simple. Audiences appreciate speakers who keep
their presentations within the allotted time limit.
• Make sure the conclusion reiterates only the central points or essential message of
your presentation. Don’t introduce new ideas; simply remind your audience why
they should care about your topic. Audiences won’t appreciate a rehash of your
entire presentation.
• Relate your conclusion to your introduction. Consider writing your conclusion at the
same time you write your introduction to make sure that they both provide the same
focus. Whenever you write your conclusion, compare it to your introduction to make
sure they are complementary.
• If your purpose was to persuade your audience to take a specific action, use your
conclusion to suggest what the audience should do now.
• If possible, suggest where your audience can find additional resources by providing
website addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, or physical addresses.
Theary could conclude her presentation by stating, “You have many options when
choosing the location of your next corporate event. I hope I have convinced you that
the beautiful Outer Island Hotel and Resort on Sanibel Island is the place you should
choose.”
Figure 14 shows a worksheet Theary used to determine the focus and organization
for her presentation.
Figure 14 Focus and Organization worksheet for hotel presentation
Creating Visuals
Once you have written the content of your presentation, you can create your v isuals.
As you create your visuals, remember that they are intended to clarify your points, not
contain the full content of your presentation. The exception to this is when you are
creating a self-running or pre-recorded presentation that users can view on their own.
Even then, you need to remember that you are creating a presentation, not a document,
so the information should be communicated in a creative manner, not just via long
bulleted lists.
Using visuals to supplement your presentation does the following:
• Increases the listeners’ understanding—Visuals are especially helpful in explaining a
difficult concept, displaying data, and illustrating the steps in a process.
• Helps listeners remember information—Audiences will remember information
longer when visuals highlight or exemplify the main points, review conclusions,
and explain recommendations.
• Adds credibility to the presentation—Speakers who use visuals in their presentation
are judged by their audiences as more professional and better prepared.
• Stimulates and maintains the listeners’ attention—It’s much more interesting to see
how something functions, rather than just hear about it.
The primary thing to remember is that the visuals are supposed to enhance the
a udience’s understanding and help keep their attention. Visuals shouldn’t draw
attention to themselves in such a way as to distract from your main points.
Using Text as Visuals

When you use text as visuals, you allow your audience to absorb the information you
are conveying by reading as well as listening. This can help audience members retain
the information presented. Text can be formatted as bulleted lists or treated like a
graphic.
A common pitfall for presenters is to use too much text. You don’t want your
presentation to turn into a bedtime story with you reading all the words on your visual
as the audience falls asleep. Therefore, if you use bulleted lists, keep the bullet points
short. Bullet points should be brief descriptions of your main points, giving your
audience a broad overview of what you will be discussing and serving as reminders to
help you remember what you want to say.
Tip Instead of creating a bulleted list, one alternative is to display key words in a
Text size can indicate
decorative, large font. You could also use relevant images as the bullets, or use a photo
relative importance. Show of a person accompanied by dialog balloons, like those in a drawn comic, that contain
more important ideas or the text you want to display. Compare the four visuals shown in Figure 15. The text in
larger numbers in a larger the first visual is clear enough, but the second is visually more interesting. The third
size than less important
visual uses graphical bullets that relate to the text in each bullet point, and the fourth
ideas or smaller numbers.
eliminates text completely and just uses images.
Figure 15 A simple bulleted list and alternatives
microstock3D/Shutterstock.com; romvo/Shutterstock.com
When you use text as a visual, keep in mind the following:

• If you are creating a visual that you will display to an audience while you are
speaking in front of them, follow the 7x7 Rule, which says that when you display
bulleted lists, use no more than seven bullet points per visual, with no more than
seven words per bullet. Some presenters restrict themselves to 4x4—no more than
four bullet points per visual or page with no more than four words per bullet.
• Keep phrases parallel. For example, if one bulleted item starts with a verb (such
as “Summarize”), the other bulleted items should also start with a verb (such as
“Include,” “List,” or “Review”).
• Use basic, plain fonts in a size large enough to be read from the back of the room. Only
use decorative fonts for a single word or a few related words for maximum impact.
• Use dark-colored text on a light or white background to make it easy for the
audience to quickly read the content. Do not layer text on top of a busy background
graphic because the text will be difficult to read and the graphic will compete with
the text for the audience’s attention.
• Proofread your presentations. One sure way to reduce your credibility as a presenter
is to have typographical errors in your presentation. It is especially important to
double-check the spelling of proper names.
In her presentation, Theary could list facts about the hotel, such as the number of
guest rooms, the square footage of meeting space available, the number of restaurants
on site, and so on, in a bulleted list.
Using Graphics as Visuals

You can help your listeners comprehend and retain the ideas from your presentation
by supplementing it with effective graphics. A graphic is a picture, shape, design,
graph or chart, diagram, or video. The old adage “A picture is worth a thousand words”
especially applies to presentations because listeners understand ideas more quickly
when they can see and hear what you’re talking about.
You can choose from many types of visuals for your presentations: tables (text
and numerical), graphs and charts (such as bar, line, pie, organizational, and flow),
illustrations (such as drawings, diagrams, maps, and photographs), and video.
Selecting appropriate visuals for your purpose is a matter of knowing the strengths
and weaknesses of the types of visuals. For example, if you want your audience
to know facts and figures, a table might be sufficient; however, if you want your
audience to make a particular judgment about the data, then a bar graph, line graph,
or pie chart might be better. If you want to show processes and procedures, diagrams
are better than photographs.
In Theary’s presentation, she might want to present data describing the the average
monthly temperatures on the island and the number of rainy days they have each
month. She could read a summary of the numbers, as shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16 Temperature and rainy day data as a presenter would read it
“The average high temperature on Sanibel Island in the winter

is 79 and the average low temperature is 59. In the summer,
the average high temperature is 90 and the average low
temperature is 72. Most months, we have only three to five
days with rain. In the summer, we do have more days with
rain—about 15 per month. But it usually rains for about an hour
in the late afternoon.”
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
However, this is not the most interesting way of communicating the data. By using
visuals, Theary can present the same data in a format that’s easier to understand, and
more interesting. For example, she could present the data in tabular format, as shown
in Figure 17.
Figure 17 Temperature and rainy day data in tabular format
High Low Rainy Days

January 75 54 3
February 77 55 3
March 80 59 4
April 85 63 3
May 89 69 5
June 91 73 13
July 91 75 15
August 92 75 15
September 90 74 12
October 86 69 5
November 81 62 3
December 77 57 3
Although presenting the data in this manner does allow the audience members to
read and absorb the numbers as Theary is speaking, some people can’t visualize what
this means. Tables are good for showing exact numbers, but they are not as good for
showing trends or for illustrating how one number compares to another. To do this,
Theary could create a column chart to show the temperature data, as shown in
Figure 18.
Figure 18 Temperature data in a column chart
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
January February March April May June July August September October November December
High Low
Column and bar graphs (graphs that use horizontal or vertical bars to represent
specific values) are useful for comparing the value of one item to another over a
period of time or a range of dates or values. A column chart could be a good choice
to show the number of days with rain each month. But using a column chart for the
average temperature data puts more emphasis on comparing the average high and low
temperature each month.
Theary doesn’t think the column chart is the best way to communicate the
temperature data. Instead, she will use a line chart with two lines—one to show the
average high temperatures and one to show the average low temperatures. For the
number of days with rain, she will use an area chart. See Figure 19.
Figure 19 Temperature data in a line chart and rainy day data in an area chart
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
High Low
Rainy Days
16
14
12
10
0
The line chart gives a clear picture of the temperatures. The area chart coveys a
sense of volume. Theary plans to use both charts as visuals during her presentation. She
also plans to include photos showing the hotel’s private beach on a beautiful sunny
day, the golf course, the wildlife preserve on the island, and people paddleboarding
and kayaking. She is considering showing a video of very short clips of happy people
engaged in various activities at the resort.
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PRAYER BORN OF COMPASSION

“Open your New Testament, take it with you to your knees,
and set Jesus Christ out of it before you. Are you like David in
the sixty-third Psalm? Is your soul thirsting for God, and is
your flesh longing for God in a dry and thirsty land where no
water is? Then set Jesus at the well of Samaria before the
eyes of your thirsty heart. And, again set Him before your
heart when He stood on the last day, that great day of the
feast, and cried, saying, ‘If any man thirst let him come to me
and drink.’ Or, are you like David after the matter of Uriah?
‘For, day and night, thy hand was heavy upon me: my
moisture is turned into the drouth of summer.’ Then set Him
before you who says: ‘I am not come to call the righteous, but
sinners to repentance. They that be whole need not a
physician, but they that are sick.’… Or are you the unhappy
father of a prodigal son? Then, set your Father in heaven
always before you: and set the Son of God always before you
as He composes and preaches the parable of all parables for
you and your son.”
—Dr. Alexander Whyte.
We speak here more particularly of spiritual compassion, that which

is born in a renewed heart, and which finds hospitality there. This
compassion has in it the quality of mercy, is of the nature of pity, and
moves the soul with tenderness of feeling for others. Compassion is
moved at the sight of sin, sorrow and suffering. It stands at the other
extreme to indifference of spirit to the wants and woes of others, and
is far removed from insensibility and hardness of heart, in the midst
of want and trouble and wretchedness. Compassion stands besides
sympathy for others, is interested in them, and is concerned about
them.
That which excites and develops compassion and puts it to work,
is the sight of multitudes in want and distress, and helpless to relieve
themselves. Helplessness especially appeals to compassion.
Compassion is silent but does not remain secluded. It goes out at
the sight of trouble, sin and need. Compassion runs out in earnest
prayer, first of all, for those for whom it feels, and has a sympathy for
them. Prayer for others is born of a sympathetic heart. Prayer is
natural and almost spontaneous when compassion is begotten in the
heart. Prayer belongs to the compassionate man.
There is a certain compassion which belongs to the natural man,
which expends its force in simple gifts to those in need, not to be
despised. But spiritual compassion, the kind born in a renewed
heart, which is Christly in its nature, is deeper, broader and more
prayerlike. Christly compassion always moves to prayer. This sort of
compassion goes beyond the relief of mere bodily wants, and
saying, “Be ye warmed—be ye clothed.” It reaches deeper down and
goes much farther.
Compassion is not blind. Rather we should say, that compassion
is not born of blindness. He who has compassion of soul has eyes,
first of all, to see the things which excite compassion. He who has no
eyes to see the exceeding sinfulness of sin, the wants and woes of
humanity, will never have compassion for humanity. It is written of
our Lord that “when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with
compassion on them.” First, seeing the multitudes, with their hunger,
their woes and their helpless condition, then compassion. Then
prayer for the multitudes. Hard is he, and far from being Christlike,
who sees the multitudes, and is unmoved at the sight of their sad
state, their unhappiness and their peril. He has no heart of prayer for
men.
Compassion may not always move men, but is always moved
toward men. Compassion may not always turn men to God, but it
will, and does, turn God to man. And where it is most helpless to
relieve the needs of others, it can at least break out into prayer to
God for others. Compassion is never indifferent, selfish, and forgetful
of others. Compassion has alone to do with others. The fact that the
multitudes were as sheep having no shepherd, was the one thing
which appealed to our Lord’s compassionate nature. Then their
hunger moved Him, and the sight of the sufferings and diseases of
these multitudes stirred the pity of His heart.
“Father of mercies, send Thy grace

All powerful from above,
To form in our obedient souls
The image of Thy love.
“O may our sympathising breasts
That generous pleasure know;
Kindly to share in others’ joy,
And weep for others’ woe.”
But compassion has not alone to do with the body and its
disabilities and needs. The soul’s distressing state, its needs and
danger all appeal to compassion. The highest state of grace is
known by the infallible mark of compassion for poor sinners. This
sort of compassion belongs to grace, and sees not alone the bodies
of men, but their immortal spirits, soiled by sin, unhappy in their
condition without God, and in imminent peril of being forever lost.
When compassion beholds this sight of dying men hurrying to the
bar of God, then it is that it breaks out into intercessions for sinful
men. Then it is that compassion speaks out after this fashion:
“But feeble my compassion proves,

And can but weep where most it loves;
Thy own all saving arm employ,
And turn these drops of grief to joy.”
The Prophet Jeremiah declares this about God, giving the reason
why sinners are not consumed by His wrath:
“It is of the Lord’s mercies we are not consumed, because
his compassions fail not.”
And it is this Divine quality in us which makes us so much like
God. So we find the Psalmist describing the righteous man who is
pronounced blessed by God: “He is gracious and full of compassion,
and righteous.”
And as giving great encouragement to penitent praying sinners,
the Psalmist thus records some of the striking attributes of the Divine
character: “The Lord is gracious and full of compassion, slow to
anger, and of great mercy.”
It is no wonder, then, that we find it recorded several times of our
Lord while on earth that “he was moved with compassion.” Can any
one doubt that His compassion moved Him to pray for those
suffering, sorrowing ones who came across His pathway?
Paul was wonderfully interested in the religious welfare of his
Jewish brethren, was concerned over them, and his heart was
strangely warmed with tender compassion for their salvation, even
though mistreated and sorely persecuted by them. In writing to the
Romans, we hear him thus express himself:
“I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also
bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost, that I have great
heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart; for I could wish
that myself were accursed for my brethren, my kinsmen
according to the flesh.”
What marvellous compassion is here described for Paul’s own
nation! What wonder that a little later on he records his desire and
prayer:
“Brethren, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for Israel is
that they might be saved.”
We have an interesting case in Matthew which gives us an
account of what excited so largely the compassion of our Lord at one
time:
“But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with
compassion on them, because they fainted, and were
scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd. Then saith
he unto his disciples, The harvest truly is plenteous, but the
labourers are few. Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest,
that he will send forth labourers into his harvest.”
It seems from parallel statements that our Lord had called His
disciples aside to rest awhile, exhausted as He and they were by the
excessive drafts on them, by the ceaseless contact with the persons
who were ever coming and going, and by their exhaustive toil in
ministering to the immense multitudes. But the multitudes precede
Him, and instead of finding wilderness-solitude, quiet and repose, He
finds great multitudes eager to see and hear, and to be healed. His
compassions are moved. The ripened harvests need labourers. He
did not call these labourers at once, by sovereign authority, but
charges the disciples to betake themselves to God in prayer, asking
Him to send forth labourers into His harvest.
Here is the urgency of prayer enforced by the compassions of our
Lord. It is prayer born of compassion for perishing humanity. Prayer
is pressed on the Church for labourers to be sent into the harvest of
the Lord. The harvest will go to waste and perish without the
labourers, while the labourers must be God-chosen, God-sent, and
God-commissioned. But God does not send these labourers into His
harvest without prayer. The failure of the labourers is owing to the
failure of prayer. The scarcity of labourers in the harvest is due to the
fact that the Church fails to pray for labourers according to His
command.
The ingathering of the harvests of earth for the granaries of
heaven is dependent on the prayers of God’s people. Prayer secures
the labourers sufficient in quantity and in quality for all the needs of
the harvest. God’s chosen labourers, God’s endowed labourers, and
God’s thrust-forth labourers, are the only ones who will truly go, filled
with Christly compassion and endued with Christly power, whose
going will avail, and these are secured by prayer. Christ’s people on
their knees with Christ’s compassion in their hearts for dying men
and for needy souls, exposed to eternal peril, is the pledge of
labourers in numbers and character to meet the wants of earth and
the purposes of heaven.
God is sovereign of the earth and of heaven, and the choice of
labourers in His harvest He delegates to no one else. Prayer
honours Him as sovereign and moves Him to His wise and holy
selection. We will have to put prayer to the front ere the fields of
paganism will be successfully tilled for Christ. God knows His men,
and He likewise knows full well His work. Prayer gets God to send
forth the best men and the most fit men and the men best qualified to
work in the harvest. Moving the missionary cause by forces this side
of God has been its bane, its weakness and its failure. Compassion
for the world of sinners, fallen in Adam, but redeemed in Christ will
move the Church to pray for them and stir the Church to pray the
Lord of the harvest to send forth labourers into the harvest.
“Lord of the harvest hear

Thy needy servants’ cry;
Answer our faith’s effectual prayer,
And all our wants supply.
“Convert and send forth more
Into Thy Church abroad;
And let them speak Thy word of power,
As workers with their God.”
What a comfort and what hope there is to fill our breasts when we
think of one in Heaven who ever liveth to intercede for us, because
“His compassion fails not!” Above everything else, we have a
compassionate Saviour, one “who can have compassion on the
ignorant, and on them who are out of the way, for that he himself is
compassed about with infirmity.” The compassion of our Lord well fits
Him for being the Great High Priest of Adam’s fallen, lost and
helpless race.
And if He is filled with such compassion that it moves Him at the
Father’s right hand to intercede for us, then by every token we
should have the same compassion on the ignorant and those out of
the way, exposed to Divine wrath, as would move us to pray for
them. Just in so far as we are compassionate will we be prayerful for
others. Compassion does not expend its force in simply saying, “Be
ye warmed; be ye clothed,” but drives us to our knees in prayer for
those who need Christ and His grace.
“The Son of God in tears

The wondering angels see;
Be thou astonished, O my soul!
He shed those tears for thee.
“He wept that we might weep;
Each sin demands a tear;
In heaven alone no sin is found,
And there’s no weeping there.”
Jesus Christ was altogether man. While He was the Divine Son of
God yet at the same time, He was the human Son of God. Christ had
a pre-eminently human side, and, here, compassion reigned. He was
tempted in all points as we are, yet without sin. At one time how the
flesh seems to have weakened under the fearful strain upon Him,
and how He must have inwardly shrunk under the pain and pull!
Looking up to heaven, He prays, “Father, save me from this hour.”
How the spirit nerves and holds—“but for this cause came I to this
hour.” Only he can solve this mystery who has followed His Lord in
straits and gloom and pain, and realised that the “spirit is willing but
the flesh is weak.”
All this but fitted our Lord to be a compassionate Saviour. It is no
sin to feel the pain and realise the darkness on the path into which
God leads. It is only human to cry out against the pain, the terror,
and desolation of that hour. It is Divine to cry out to God in that hour,
even while shrinking and sinking down, “For this cause came I unto
this hour.” Shall I fail through the weakness of the flesh? No. “Father,
glorify thy name.” How strong it makes us, and how true, to have one
pole star to guide us to the glory of God!
XI
CONCERTED PRAYER
“A tourist, in climbing an Alpine summit, finds himself tied
by a strong rope to his trusty guide, and to three of his fellow-
tourists. As they skirt a perilous precipice he cannot pray,
‘Lord, hold up my goings in a safe path, that my footsteps slip
not, but as to my guide and companions, they must look out
for themselves.’ The only proper prayer in such a case is,
‘Lord, hold up our goings in a safe path; for if one slips all of
us may perish.’”—H. Clay Trumbull.
The pious Quesnel says that “God is found in union and agreement.
Nothing is more efficacious than this in prayer.”
Intercessions combine with prayers and supplications. The word
does not mean necessarily prayer in relation to others. It means a
coming together, a falling in with a most intimate friend for free,
unrestrained communion. It implies prayer, free, familiar and bold.
Our Lord deals with this question of the concert of prayer in the
eighteenth chapter of Matthew. He deals with the benefit and energy
resulting from the aggregation of prayer forces. The prayer principle
and the prayer promise will be best understood in the connection in
which it was made by our Lord:
“Moreover, if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go
and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall
hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear
thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth
of two or three witnesses, every word may be established.
“And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church;
but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an
heathen and a publican.
“Verily I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth,
shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever ye shall loose on
earth, shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, That if
two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that
they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is
in heaven. For where two or three are gathered together in
my name, there am I in the midst of them.”
This represents the Church in prayer to enforce discipline in order
that its members who have been overtaken by faults, may yield
readily to the disciplinary process. In addition, it is the Church called
together in a concert of prayer in order to repair the waste and
friction ensuing upon the cutting off of a Church offender. This last
direction as to a concert of prayer is that the whole matter may be
referred to Almighty God for His approval and ratification.
All this means that the main, the concluding and the all powerful
agency in the Church is prayer, whether it be, as we have seen in
Matthew, 9th chapter, to thrust out labourers into God’s earthly
harvest fields, or to exclude from the Church a violator of unity, law
and order, who will neither listen to his brethren nor repent and
confess his fault.
It means that Church discipline, now a lost art in the modern
Church, must go hand in hand with prayer, and that the Church
which has no disposition to separate wrong doers from the Church,
and which has no excommunication spirit for incorrigible offenders
against law and order, will have no communication with God. Church
purity must precede the Church’s prayers. The unity of discipline in
the Church precedes the unity of prayers by the Church.
Let it be noted with emphasis that a Church which is careless of
discipline will be careless in praying. A Church which tolerates evil
doers in its communion, will cease to pray, will cease to pray with
agreement, and will cease to be a Church gathered together in
prayer in Christ’s name.
This matter of Church discipline is an important one in the
Scriptures. The need of watchfulness over the lives of its members
belongs to the Church of God. The Church is an organization for
mutual help, and it is charged with the watch care of all of its
members. Disorderly conduct cannot be passed by unnoticed. The
course of procedure in such cases is clearly given in the eighteenth
chapter of Matthew, which has been heretofore referred to.
Furthermore, Paul, in Galatians 6:1, gives explicit directions as to
those who fall into sin in the Church:
“Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are
spiritual restore such a one in the spirit of meekness,
considering thyself lest thou also be tempted.”
The work of the Church is not alone to seek members but it is to
watch over and guard them after they have entered the Church. And
if any are overtaken by sin, they must be sought out, and if they
cannot be cured of their faults, then excision must take place. This is
the doctrine our Lord lays down.
It is somewhat striking that the Church at Ephesus, (Rev. 2)
though it had left its first love, and had sadly declined in vital
godliness and in those things which make up spiritual life, yet it
receives credit for this good quality: “Thou canst not bear them that
are evil.”
While the Church at Pergamos was admonished because it had
there among its membership those who taught such hurtful doctrines
that were a stumbling-block to others. And not so much that such
characters were in the Church, but that they were tolerated. The
impression is that the Church leaders were blind to the presence of
such hurtful characters, and hence were indisposed to administer
discipline. This indisposition was an unfailing sign of prayerlessness
in the membership. There was no union of prayer effort looking to
cleansing the Church and keeping it clean.
This disciplinary idea stands out prominently in the Apostle Paul’s
writings to the Churches. The Church at Corinth had a notorious
case of fornication where a man had married his step-mother, and
this Church had been careless about this iniquity. Paul rather sharply
reproved this Church and gave explicit command to this effect:
“Therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person.”
Here was concert of action on the part of praying people demanded
by Paul.
As good a Church as that at Thessalonica needed instruction and
caution on this matter of looking after disorderly persons. So we hear
Paul saying unto them:
“Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord
Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother
that walketh disorderly.”
Mark you. It is not the mere presence of disorderly persons in a
Church which merits the displeasure of God. It is when they are
tolerated under the mistaken plea of “bearing with them,” and no
steps are taken either to cure them of their evil practices or exclude
them from the fellowship of the Church. And this glaring neglect on
the part of the Church of its wayward members, is but a sad sign of a
lack of praying, for a praying Church, given to mutual praying,
agreement praying, is keen to discern when a brother is overtaken in
a fault, and seeks either to restore him, or to cut him off if he be
incorrigible.
Much of this dates back to the lack of spiritual vision on the part of
Church leaders. The Lord by the mouth of the Prophet Isaiah once
asked the very pertinent, suggestive question, “And who is blind but
my servant?” This blindness in leadership in the Church is no more
patent than in this question of seeing evil doers in the Church, in
caring for them, and when the effort to restore them fails, to withdraw
fellowship from them, and let them be “as a heathen man and a
publican.” The truth is there is such a lust for members in the Church
in these modern times, that the officials and preachers have entirely
lost sight of the members who have violated baptismal covenants,
and who are living in open disregard of God’s Word. The idea now is
quantity in membership, not quality. The purity of the Church is put in
the background in the craze to secure numbers, and to pad the
Church rolls and make large figures in statistical columns. Prayer,
much prayer, mutual prayer, would bring the Church back to
Scriptural standards, and would purge the Church of many
wrongdoers, while it might cure not a few of their evil lives.
Prayer and Church discipline are not new revelations of the
Christian dispensation. These two things had a high place in the
Jewish Church. Instances are too numerous to mention all of them.
Ezra is a case in point. When he returned from the captivity, he
found a sad and distressing condition of things among the Lord’s
people who were left in the land. They had not separated themselves
from the surrounding heathen people, and had intermarried with
them, contrary to Divine commands. And those high in the Church
were involved, the priests and the Levites with others. Ezra was
greatly moved at the account given him, and rent his garments and
wept and prayed. Evil doers in the Church did not meet his approval,
nor did he shut his eyes to them nor excuse them, neither did he
compromise the situation. When he had finished confessing the sins
of the people and his praying, the people assembled themselves
before him and joined him in a covenant agreement to put away from
them their evil doings, and wept and prayed in company with Ezra.
The result was that the people thoroughly repented of their
transgressions, and Israel was reformed. Praying and a good man,
who was neither blind nor unconcerned, did the deed.
Of Ezra it is written, “For he mourned because of the
transgression of them that had been carried away.” So it is with
every praying man in the Church when he has eyes to see the
transgression of evil doers in the Church, who has a heart to grieve
over them, and who has a spirit in him so concerned about the
Church that he prays about it.
Blessed is that Church who has praying leaders, who can see that
which is disorderly in the Church, who are grieved about it, and who
put forth their hands to correct the evils which harm God’s cause as
a weight to its progress. One point in the indictment against those
“Who are at ease in Zion,” referred to by Amos, is that “they are not
grieved for the affliction of Joseph.” And this same indictment could
be brought against Church leaders of modern times. They are not
grieved because the members are engulfed in a craze for worldly,
carnal things, nor when there are those in the Church walking openly
in disorder, whose lives scandalise religion. Of course such leaders
do not pray over the matter, for praying would beget a spirit of
solicitude in them for these evil doers, and would drive away the
spirit of unconcern which possesses them.
It would be well for prayerless Church leaders and careless
pastors to read the account of the ink horn man in Ezekiel, 9th
chapter, where God instructed the prophet to send through the city
certain men who would destroy those in the city because of the great
evils found therein. But certain persons were to be spared. These
were they who “sigh and cry for all the abominations that be done in
the midst of the city.” The man with the ink horn was to mark every
one of these sighers and mourners so that they would escape the
impending destruction. Please note that the instructions were that
the slaying of those who did not mourn and sigh should “Begin at my
sanctuary.”
What a lesson for non-praying, unconcerned officials of the
modern Church! How few there are who “sigh and cry” for present-
day abominations in the land, and who are grieved over the
desolations of Zion! What need for “two or three to be gathered
together” in a concert of prayer over these conditions, and in the
secret place weep and pray for the sins in Zion!
This concert of prayer, this agreement in praying, taught by our
Lord in the eighteenth chapter of Matthew, finds proof and illustration
elsewhere. This was the kind of prayer which Paul referred to in his
request to his Roman brethren, recorded in Romans 15:30:
“Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ’s
sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with
me in your prayers to God for me; that I may be delivered
from them that do not believe in Judea.”
Here is unity in prayer, prayer by agreement, and prayer which
drives directly at deliverance from unbelieving and evil men, the
same kind of prayer urged by our Lord, and the end practically the
same, deliverance from unbelieving men, that deliverance wrought
either by bringing them to repentance or by exclusion from the
Church.
The same idea is found in II Thessalonians 3:1:
“Finally, brethren, pray for us that the word of the Lord may
have free course and be glorified, even as it is with you; and
that we may be delivered from unreasonable and wicked
men.”
Here is united prayer requested by an Apostle, among other
things, for deliverance from wicked men, that same that the Church
of God needs in this day. By joining their prayers to his, there was
the desired end of riddance from men who were hurtful to the Church
of God and who were a hindrance to the running of the Word of the
Lord. Let us ask, are there not in the present-day Church those who
are a positive hindrance to the on-going of the Word of the Lord?
What better course is there than to jointly pray over the question, at
the same time using the Christ-given course of discipline first to save
them, but failing in that course, to excise them from the body?
Does that seem a harsh course? Then our Lord was guilty of
harshness Himself, for He ends these directions by saying, “But if he
neglect to hear the Church, let him be unto thee as a heathen man
and a publican.”
No more is this harshness than is the act of the skilful surgeon,
who sees the whole body and its members endangered by a
gangrenous limb, and severs the limb from the body for the good of
the whole. No more was it harshness in the captain and crew of the
vessel on which Jonah was found, when the storm arose threatening
destruction to all on board, to cast the fleeing prophet overboard.
What seems harshness is obedience to God, is for the welfare of the
Church, and is wise in the extreme.
XII
THE UNIVERSALITY OF PRAYER

“It takes more of the power of the Spirit to make the farm,
the home, the office, the store, the shop holy than it does to
make the Church holy. It takes more of the power of the Spirit
to make Saturday holy than to make Sunday holy. It takes
much more of the power of the Spirit to make money for God
than it does to make a talk for God. Much more to live a great
life for God than to preach a great sermon.”—Edward M.
Bounds.
Prayer is far-reaching in its influence and world-wide in its effects. It

affects all men, affects them everywhere, and affects them in all
things. It touches man’s interest in time and eternity. It lays hold upon
God and moves Him to interfere in the affairs of earth. It moves the
angels to minister to men in this life. It restrains and defeats the devil
in his schemes to ruin man. Prayer goes everywhere and lays its
hand upon everything. There is a universality in prayer. When we
talk about prayer and its work we must use universal terms. It is
individual in its application and benefits, but it is general and world-
wide at the same time in its good influences. It blesses man in every
event of life, furnishes him help in every emergency, and gives him
comfort in every trouble. There is no experience through which man
is called to go but prayer is there as a helper, a comforter and a
guide.
When we speak of the universality of prayer, we discover many
sides to it. First, it may be remarked that all men ought to pray.
Prayer is intended for all men, because all men need God and need
what God has and what prayer only can secure. As men are called
upon to pray everywhere, by consequence all men must pray for
men are everywhere. Universal terms are used when men are
commanded to pray, while there is a promise in universal terms to all
who call upon God for pardon, for mercy and for help:
“For there is no difference; for the same Lord over all is rich
unto all that call upon him. For whosoever shall call upon the
name of the Lord shall be saved.”
As there is no difference in the state of sin in which men are
found, and all men need the saving grace of God which only can
bless them, and as this saving grace is obtained only in answer to
prayer, therefore all men are called on to pray because of their very
needs.
It is a rule of Scriptural interpretation that whenever a command
issues with no limitation, it is universal in binding force. So the words
of the Lord in Isaiah are to the point:
“Seek ye the Lord while he may be found; call ye upon him
while he is near. Let the wicked forsake his way, and the
unrighteous man his thoughts, and let him return unto the
Lord, who will have mercy, and to our God who will
abundantly pardon.”
So that as wickedness is universal, and as pardon is needed by
all men, so all men must seek the Lord while he may be found, and
must call upon Him while he is near. Prayer belongs to all men
because all men are redeemed in Christ. It is a privilege for every
man to pray, but it is no less a bounden duty for them to call upon
God. No sinner is debarred from the mercy seat. All are welcomed to
approach the throne of grace with all their wants and woes, with all
their sins and burdens.
“Come all the world, come, sinner thou,

All things in Christ are ready now.”
Whenever a poor sinner turns his eyes to God, no matter where
he is nor what his guilt and sinfulness, the eye of God is upon him
and His ear is opened to his prayers.
But men may pray everywhere, since God is accessible in every
clime and under all circumstances. “I will therefore that men pray
everywhere, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting.”
No locality is too distant from God on earth to reach heaven. No
place is so remote that God cannot see and hear one who looks
toward Him and seeks His face. Oliver Holden puts into a hymn
these words:
“Then, my soul, in every strait,

To Thy Father come and wait;
He will answer every prayer;
God is present everywhere.”
There is just this modification of the idea that one can pray
everywhere. Some places, because of the evil business carried on
there, or because of the environments which belong there, growing
out of the place itself, the moral character of those who carry on the
business, and of those who support it, are localities where prayer
would not be in place. We might instance the saloon, the theatre, the
opera, the card table, the dance, and other like places of worldly
amusement. Prayer is so much out of place at such places that no
one would ever presume to pray. Prayer would be an intrusion, so
regarded by the owners, the patrons and the supporters of such
places. Furthermore those who attend such places are not praying
people. They belong almost entirely to the prayerless crowd of
worldlings.
While we are to pray everywhere, it unquestionably means that
we are not to frequent places where we cannot pray. To pray
everywhere is to pray in all legitimate places, and to attend
especially those places where prayer is welcome, and is given a
gracious hospitality. To pray everywhere is to preserve the spirit of
prayer in places of business, in our intercourse with men, and in the
privacy of the home amid all of its domestic cares.
The Model Prayer of our Lord, called familiarly “The Lord’s
Prayer,” is the universal prayer, because it is peculiarly adapted to all
men everywhere in all circumstances in all times of need. It can be
put in the mouths of all people in all nations, and in all times. It is a
model of praying which needs no amendment nor alteration for every
family, people and nation.
Furthermore, prayer has its universal application in that all men
are to be the subjects of prayer. All men everywhere are to be
prayed for. Prayer must take in all of Adam’s fallen race because all
men are fallen in Adam, redeemed in Christ, and are benefited by
prayers for them. This is Paul’s doctrine in his prayer directory in I
Timothy 2:1:
“I exhort, therefore, that first of all, supplications, prayers,
intercessions and giving of thanks be made for all men.”
There is strong Scriptural warrant, therefore, for reaching out and
embracing all men in our prayers, since not only are we commanded
thus to pray for them, but the reason given is that Christ gave
Himself a ransom for all men, and all men are provisionally
beneficiaries of the atoning death of Jesus Christ.
But lastly, and more at length, prayer has a universal side in that
all things which concern us are to be prayed about, while all things
which are for our good, physical, social, intellectual, spiritual, and
eternal, are subjects of prayer. Before, however, we consider this
phase of prayer let us stop and again look at the universal prayer for
all men. As a special class to be prayed for, we may mention those
who have control in state or who bear rule in the Church. Prayer has
mighty potencies. It makes good rulers, and makes them better
rulers. It restrains the lawless and the despotic. Rulers are to be
prayed for. They are not out of the reach and the control of prayer,
because they are not out of the reach and control of God. Wicked
Nero was on the throne of Rome when Paul wrote these words to
Timothy urging prayer for those in authority.
Christian lips are to breathe prayers for the cruel and infamous
rulers in state as well as for the righteous and the benign governors
and princes. Prayer is to be as far-reaching as the race, “for all men.”
Humanity is to burden our hearts as we pray, and all men are to
engage our thoughts in approaching a throne of grace. In our praying
hours, all men must have a place. The wants and woes of the entire
race are to broaden and make tender our sympathies, and inflame
our petitions. No little man can pray. No man with narrow views of
God, of His plan to save men, and of the universal needs of all men,
can pray effectually. It takes a broad-minded man, who understands
God and His purposes in the atonement, to pray well. No cynic can
pray. Prayer is the divinest philanthropy, as well as giant-great-
heartedness. Prayer comes from a big heart, filled with thoughts
about all men and with sympathies for all men.
Prayer runs parallel with the will of God, “who will have all men to
be saved and to come unto the knowledge of the truth.”
Prayer reaches up to heaven, and brings heaven down to earth.
Prayer has in its hands a double blessing. It rewards him who prays,
and blesses him who is prayed for. It brings peace to warring
passions and calms warring elements. Tranquillity is the happy fruit
of true praying. There is an inner calm which comes to him who
prays and an outer calm as well. Prayer creates “quiet and
peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty.”
Right praying not only makes life beautiful in peace, but redolent
in righteousness and weighty in influence. Honesty, gravity, integrity
and weight in character are the natural and essential fruits of prayer.
It is this kind of world-wide, large-hearted, unselfish praying which
pleases God well, and which is acceptable in His sight, because it
co-operates with His will and runs in gracious streams to all men and
to each man. It is this kind of praying which the man Christ Jesus did
when on earth, and the same kind which He is now doing at His
Father’s right hand in heaven, as our Mighty Intercessor. He is the
pattern of prayer. He is between God and man, the one Mediator,
who gave Himself a ransom for all men, and for each man.
So it is that true prayer links itself to the will of God, and runs in
streams of solicitude, and compassion, and intercession for all men.
As Jesus Christ died for every one involved in the fall, so prayer
girdles every one and gives itself for the benefit of every one. Like
our one Mediator between God and man, he who prays stands
midway between God and man, with prayers, supplications, “and
strong cryings and tears.” Prayer holds in its grasp the movements of
the race of man, and embraces the destinies of men for all eternity.
The king and the beggar are both affected by it. It touches heaven
and moves earth. Prayer holds earth to heaven and brings heaven in
close contact with earth.
“Your guides and brethren bear

Forever on your mind;
Extend the arms of mighty prayer
In grasping all mankind.”

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(Download PDF) Microsoft 365 Powerpoint 2021 Comprehensive Jennifer T Campbell Full Chapter PDF

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Microsoft 365 & PowerPoint 2021:

Comprehensive Jennifer T. Campbell

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eTextbook 978-1305880139 New Perspectives Microsoft

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PowerPoint Presentation Concepts: Planning, Developing, and Giving a Presentation . . . . PRES 1

Module 1 Creating a Presentation Printing a Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-63

Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1-34 Formatting a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2-20

Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-13 Modifying a Slide Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-24

Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5-27 Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-36

Session 6.2 Visual Overview: Advanced Presenting Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 6-51

To complete SAM Textbook Projects, please follow these steps:

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Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects SAM-1

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SAM-2 Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects

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Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects SAM-3

Starting Data Files

There are no starting Data Files needed for this module.

Session 1 Visual Overview:

Figure 1 A bored audience member

Figure 2 An interested, engaged audience

Determining the Form of the Presentation

to require using a microphone, or over the Internet in webinar format. A webinar is a

Determining the Presentation’s Purposes and

Determining the Purposes

Figure 3 Purposes for giving presentations

Purpose Goal Examples

Identifying Desired Outcomes

• Purpose: To inform department heads at a college about the benefits of a new

Figure 4 Form, Purpose, and Outcome worksheet for hotel presentation

Analyzing Your Audience’s Needs

Figure 5 Audience Analysis worksheet for the hotel presentation

Session 2 Visual Overview:

Creating the Presentation

Focusing Your Presentation

Identifying Your Key Points

Gaining Your Audience’s Attention

Discuss Statistics and Quantitative Data

Mention a Quotation, Familiar Phrase, or Definition

Raise a Current Problem or Issue

Comment About the Audience or Occasion

State the Purpose of the Presentation

Figure 6 Ways to gain your audience’s attention

Providing an Overview of Your Presentation

Developing the Body of Your Presentation

Figure 7 Gathering information from a variety of sources