Scene 3: Getting research methodology employed

Name : Getting research methodology employed

Objective : To get acquainted with the features of educational research methods and employ them
Action :
1) Read the given sources of research methods thoroughly (Cresswel);
2) Read the comparison table of core research elements employed in different research methods;
3) Identify the core research elements based on the given titles employing different research methods;
4) Use the provided table for your answers;
5) Individual work.
Time Frame : Meeting 7-8.
Table 1: Comparing core research elements employed by different research methods
Core Research Research Methods
No.
Elements Experiment Correlation Classroom Action Research
1 Title The effect of English The correlation between English Using English pronunciation
pronunciation practices on pronunciation and listening practices to improve listening
listening skill skills skill
2 Variables/Focuses 1) English pronunciation 1) English pronunciation 1) English pronunciation
practices (independent var.); (independent var.); practices (independent var.);
2) listening skill (dependent 2) listening skill (dependent 2) listening skill (dependent
var.) var.) var.)
3 Problems Do English pronunciation Does English pronunciation 1) How English pronunciation
practices affect listening skill? correlate with listening skills? practices are used to improve
listening skill?;
2) To what extent do English
pronunciation practices
improve listening skill?;
3) How do students respond to
the use of English
pronunciation practices to
improve listening skill?
4 Purposes To prove whether English
pronunciation practices affect
listening skill.
5 Hypothesis 1) H0: English pronunciation
practices do not affect
listening skill;
2) H1: English pronunciation
practices affects listening
skill
6 Design and Treatment 1) Two group design:
Experiment group: given
pronunciation practices
(treatment);
Control group: no
pronunciation practices
2) One group design: given
pronunciation practices
(treatment)
To decide whether English
pronunciation correlates with
listening skill.
1) H0: There is no correlation
between English
pronunciation and listening
skill;
2) H1: There is a correlation
between English
pronunciation and listening
skill
- One group design: given
1) To describe the use of
English pronunciation
practices to improve listening
skill;
2) To determine whether
English pronunciation
practices improve listening
skill;
3) To analyse students’
responses toward the use of
English pronunciation
practices to improve listening
skill
-
pronunciation practices
(treatment)
7 Data Scores of listening skill
8 Data Sources Learners of (English) listening
class
9 Instruments Test of English listening
10 Data Collection Procedure: design test, try out
Procedure/Technique the test, administer the test,
check and score the test, and
present the test score
11 Data Analysis regression analysis or path
Procedure/Technique analysis
Scores of English pronunciation
and listening skill
Learners of (English)
pronunciation and listening
classes
Tests of English pronunciation
and listening
Procedure: design test, try out
the test, administer the test,
check and score the test, and
present the test score
Technique: use Pearson Product
Moment
1) Teaching and learning
activities of English
listening skills with
pronunciation practices;
2) Scores of English listening
skill;
3) Students’ responses
1) Teachers and learners;
2) Learners;
3) Learners
1) Observation sheet;
2) Test of listening;
3) Questionnaire and/or
interview
1) Design the observation sheet,
try out the sheet, observe
using the sheet, and present
the activities;
2) design test, try out the test,
administer the test, check and
score the test, and present the
test score;
3) design the questionnaire/
interview protocol, try out
the quest/protoc., use the
quest/protoc., and present the
response
1) qualitative/non-statistical
analysis;
2) regression analysis or path
analysis;

12 Instrument Validity Construct val.; content val.; or
Measurement external validity
13 Instrument Reliability Test-retest; equivalent tests;
Measurement test-retest mixed with
equivalent test; internal
consistency (Spearman Brown;
Kuder Richardson 20; KR 21;
Hoyt’s analysis of variance;
Alfa Cronbach
14 Conclusion 1) possible answer 1: English
pronunciation practices
affect listening skill
positively;
2) possible answer 2: English
pronunciation practices
affect listening skill
negatively;
3) possible answer 3: English
pronunciation practices do
not affect listening skill
Construct val.; content val.; or
external validity
Test-retest; equivalent tests;
test-retest mixed with
equivalent test; internal
consistency (Spearman Brown;
Kuder Richardson 20; KR 21;
Hoyt’s analysis of variance;
Alfa Cronbach
1) possible answer 1: There is
a correlation between
English pronunciation and
listening skill;
2) possible answer 2: There is
no correlation between
English pronunciation and
listening skill
3) qualitative/non-statistical
analysis
Construct val.; content val.; or
external validity
Test-retest; equivalent tests;
test-retest mixed with
equivalent test; internal
consistency (Spearman Brown;
Kuder Richardson 20; KR 21;
Hoyt’s analysis of variance;
Alfa Cronbach
1) English pronunciation
practices to improve
listening skill are carried out
through this process …;
2) Possible answer 1: English
pronunciation practices
improve listening skill;
Possible answer 2: English
pronunciation practices do
not improve listening skill;
3) Students positively respond
toward the use of English
pronunciation practices to
improve listening skill
Table 2: identifying core research elements employed by different research methods based on the titles given
Core Research Research Methods
No.
Elements Experiment Correlation Classroom Action Research
1 Title The effect of writing learner The correlation between learner Using learner diary writing to
diary on English grammar diary writing habit and English improve English grammar
mastery of ELSP Study grammar mastery of ELSP mastery of ELE Study Program
Programme students Study Program students students
2 Variables/Focuses
3 Problems
4 Purposes
5 Hypothesis
6 Design and Treatment
7 Data
8 Data Sources
9 Instruments
10 Data Collection
Procedure/Technique
11 Data Analysis
Procedure/Technique
12 Instrument Validity
Measurement
13 Instrument Reliability
Measurement
14 Conclusion
Table 3: Comparing core research elements employed by different research methods
Core Research
No.
Elements Case Sudy
1 Title The English language teaching
and learning activities in the
Language Village Pare, East
Java
2 Variables/Focuses The English language teaching
and learning activities (focus)
3 Problems How are the English language
teaching and learning activities
in the Language Village Pare,
East Java?
4 Purposes To analyze the English language 1) To identify Indonesia’s
teaching and learning activities
in the Language Village Pati,
Central Java.
5 Hypothesis - -
6 Design and Treatment -
7 Data The English language teaching
and learning activities
8 Data Sources Teachers and students
9 Instruments 4) Observation sheet;
Research Methods
Content Analysis
Indonesia’s cultural identity in
English SMP and SMA
students’ textbooks
Indonesia’s cultural identity
(focus)
4) What Indonesia’s cultural
identity is identified in
English SMP and SMA
students’ textbooks?;
5) How is the Indonesia’s
cultural identity presented in
English SMP and SMA
students’ textbooks?
cultural identity in English
SMP and SMA
students’ textbooks;
2) To analyse the presentation
of Indonesia’s cultural
identity in English SMP and
SMA students’ textbooks?
- -
Indonesia’s cultural identity
English SMP and SMA
students’ textbooks
Researcher
Survey
English Department Students’
responses towards the online
English listening and Speaking
Classes
The online English listening and
Speaking Classes (focus)
How do English Department
Students respond to
towards the online English
listening and Speaking Classes
To analyse English Department
Students responses to
towards the online English
listening and Speaking Classes
-
English Department Students’
responses
English Department Students
1) Questionnaire;
 5) Questionnaire; 2) Interview
6) Interview
10 Data Collection 4) Design the observation sheet, Read the references on national design the questionnaire/
Procedure/Technique try out the sheet, observe identities; transform the interview protocol, try out the
using the sheet, and present references of national identities quest/protoc., use the
the activities; into Indonesia’s identities; quest/protoc., and present the
5) design the questionnaire/ determine words/phrases/ response
interview protocol, try out the sentences containing or
quest/protoc., use the representing Indonesia’s
quest/protoc., and present the identity; present the
response words/phrases/sentences into
table of analysis
11 Data Analysis qualitative/non-statistical qualitative/non-statistical qualitative/non-statistical
Procedure/Technique analysis analysis analysis
12 Instrument Validity Construct val.; content val.; or Construct val.; content val.; or Construct val.; content val.; or
Measurement external validity external validity external validity
13 Instrument Reliability Test-retest; equivalent tests; test- Test-retest; equivalent tests; test- Test-retest; equivalent tests;
Measurement retest mixed with equivalent test; retest mixed with equivalent test; test-retest mixed with
internal consistency (Spearman internal consistency (Spearman equivalent test; internal
Brown; Kuder Richardson 20; Brown; Kuder Richardson 20; consistency (Spearman Brown;
KR 21; Hoyt’s analysis of KR 21; Hoyt’s analysis of Kuder Richardson 20; KR 21;
variance; Alfa Cronbach variance; Alfa Cronbach Hoyt’s analysis of variance;
Alfa Cronbach
14 Conclusion The English language teaching 3) Indonesia’s cultural identity English Department Students’
and learning activities in the identified in English SMP responses to towards the online
Language Village Pati, Central and SMA English listening and Speaking
Java are carried out through this students’ textbooks is … Classes are categorized into ….
procedure …; using the method 4) The Indonesia’s cultural in which … percent of students
of …; in which teachers play the identity in English SMP and …
role of …; and that of students SMA students’ textbooks is
of … presented by ……
Table 4: identifying core research elements employed by different research methods based on the titles given
Core Research Research Methods
No.
Elements Case Sudy Content Analysis Survey
1 Title The teaching and learning of Character of integrity in the Difficulties encountered by
research skills in the English English text books of SMP and English Department students in
Education Study Programme SMA students the employment of distant
English learning during Covid
19 emergency
2 Variables/Focuses
3 Problems
4 Purposes
5 Hypothesis
6 Design and Treatment
7 Data
8 Data Sources
9 Instruments
10 Data Collection
Procedure/Technique
11 Data Analysis
Procedure/Technique
12 Instrument Validity
Measurement
13 Instrument Reliability
Measurement
14 Conclusion