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Mpedcedamens JLA.TIV4KOB 3am. npedcedamena IX. PUTHC “nenvt pedcosema AIL AMHTPHEB B.A. KAPTO3UA A.B. KOPYAK M.B. KYPHEHA BH. ONAPHH B.H. OCHTIOB BLL HETPOB AJL PYBAH 2.M, COKONOB KH. TPYBELIKOM B.A. YAHTYPHA PEJIAKIIMOHHBIM COBET npesudenm MITY, ‘wi.-xopp. PAH Aupexmop Hsoamenvemea MITY axadenux PAEH axademux PAEH axadenux MAH BUI axademux PAH ut.-xopp. PAH, oOupexmop HIE CO PAH axademux PAH axademux MAH BIL ‘w1.-xopp. PAH, sam. Oupexmopa HITKOH PAH axademux MAH BULL axademux PAH axadenux PAH TOPHOE MAINIMHOCTPOEHHE B.A. BPEHHEP A.B, 2KABHH M.M. ULEPOJEBCKHM Au.B, TOJAKOB Aun.B. HOJIAKOB IATOBBbIE TIPOXOJIJUECKHE KOMITJIEKCbI onpueno Sue6wo-memodtvecxun oOredunenuen ‘qinoa Poecuitcxoi! Pedepayuu no oOpa%oeatiuve “4 oGxacmu eopnoeo deaa # xaxccmee yretHoeo Inocobus dia emydenmoe ay08, OOy¥arOMUeR no cnewuaswiocmi «opie mau. 1 o6opydosanuer nanpassenua nodzomosku «Texnonoeuvecke mauunve u oSopydosanue> a => MOCKBA M31ATEABCTBO «COPHAS KHHTA, M3/ATEMbCTBO MOCKOBCKOTO. 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Ultroauie npoxoawexne KowiuieKcu: YueOuoe nocoOne. — ML: Hosa remerao «opian xrtiran, Hatarenscra Mockonekoro Focyaapcrmenioro rap- oro yuutsepewrera, 2009. — 447 e.: na (COPHOE MAIMHOCTPOFHHE) UN 978-5:98572-168-2 (np) ISBN OTRS-7418 06182 PaccMorpews nach, oFcTE Men, KARO, pT Gore vw xoucrpyvnt toBuN HpoxoatcesHn KONLEKCDR Ht NpONOsMeeKI TEN UH CrP Tenwcrer open nupaGorte paktrinro amaverta m opunHoncpewnoro cone, TIpescramne spa oSnop panes nak poccwiCn wreMix ORONO. KO tuexcon, Tak apyextuck Cepaaten i oewowie Texwanorinecaie exe pe Bem noaposiine RaparrepHCTIRN HO, awa cncaenn 0 oceniocT KOMETDYRINH YX: M AHORDOAKOMK ITOK, ‘ake uta espytaoro ceveis. 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