Intelligent Systems

Lecture 1
Introduction

MSc Course/ 2023-2024

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 1

❑ Artificial intelligence is a field of science concerned with building computers and machines that can reason,
learn, and act in such a way that would normally require human intelligence or that involves data whose
scale exceeds what humans can analyse.

Artificial Intelligence History

❑ The term artificial intelligence was inveted 1956, but AI has become more popular today due to increased
data volumes, advanced algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage.
1950s–1970s 1980s–2010s 2011–2023s Present Day
Neural Networks Machine Learning Deep Learning Generative AI
Early work with neural Machine learning Deep learning Generative AI, a disruptive
networks stirs excitement for becomes popular. breakthroughs drive AI tech, soars in popularity.
“thinking machines. growth.

What is Generative AI?

❑ By definition, Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that generates fast output in the form of text,
video, audio, or images based on raw or training data.
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 2
How Does Generative AI Work?

❑ Generative AI is typically a machine learning

framework. At the foundation of machine learning,
are neural networks (inspired by neurons in the
human brain) that process large amounts of data
such as text, code, or images, using a complex
structure of algorithms.
❑ Generative AI models utilize these neural networks
and analyse large datasets to identify patterns from
them.
❑ This enables them to produce novel and original
data or content.

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 3

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 4
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 5
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 6
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 7
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 8
 Intelligent Control Systems
➢ Intelligent behavior is the ability to reason, plan and learn, which in turn requires access
to knowledge.
➢ Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an attempt to replace human intelligence with machine
intelligence.
➢ An Intelligent control system combines from the fields of AI with those of control
engineering to design autonomous systems that can sense, reason, plan, learn and act in
an intelligent manner.
➢ Such a system should be able to achieve sustained desired behavior under conditions of
uncertainty, which include:

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 9

Control System Structure

➢ An intelligent control system comprises of a number of subsystems as shown in figure

below:

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 10

The perception subsystem
➢ This collects information from the plant and the environment, and processes
it into a form suitable for the cognition subsystem. The essential elements
are:

Raw data, also known as primary data, is data (e.g., numbers, instrument readings, figures, etc.) collected
from a source.
Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and
useful information than that provided by any individual data source.

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 11

The Cognition Subsystem

➢ Cognition is an intelligent control system is concerned with the decision making

process under conditions of uncertainty key activities include:

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 12

 The Actuation Subsystem

➢The actuators operate using signals from the cognition subsystem in

order to drive the plant to some desired states.
➢In the event of actuator (or sensor) failure, an intelligent control
system should be capable of being to re-configure its control
strategy.

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 13

Fuzzy Logic

❑ Allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer

vocabularies
❑ Deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of
membership
❑ Designed to help computers simulate vagueness and uncertainty in
common situations
❑ Works based on the degree of membership in a set

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 14

FUZZY SETS, LOGIC AND CONTROL

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 15

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 16
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 17
Artificial Neural Networks
❑ Networks that learn and can perform tasks that are difficult with
conventional computers
❑Used for poorly structured problems
❑ Use patterns instead of the “If-Then-Else” rules that expert systems
use
❑ Create a model based on input and output

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 18

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 19
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 20
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 21
Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 22
Computational intelligence (CI):

❑ is a set of nature-inspired computational methodologies and approaches

❑ to address complex real-world problems to which traditional approaches, i.e.,
first principles modeling or explicit statistical modeling, are ineffective or
infeasible

Pseudonyms:

✓ Natural Computation
✓ Nature-Inspired Computing
✓ Soft Computing
✓ Adaptive Systems

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 23

Sample Modeling Methodology

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 24

Conclusion

✓Intelligent systems apply AI methods and introduce intelligent

services.
✓Intelligent systems combine advantages of computer systems
(cost, availability) with some human properties (simple
engineering intelligence – learning, adapting, reasoning), and
achieve better cost/benefit for several tasks.

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 25

Electrical Engineering Department/ University of Basrah 26