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Domain 3: Focusing on Teaching and Learning

1. The principal observes a Grade 6 Mathematics Class taught by one of her teachers.
She notices that while some students grasp geometric concepts quickly, others struggle
with visualizing shapes in three dimensions. With this observation in mind, the principal
advises the teacher to implement differentiated instruction in the future when teaching
the same learning competency. Which of the following situations demonstrates that the
teacher has applied differentiated instruction as recommended?

1 The teacher challenges the advanced students with finding the volume of irregular
shapes, while those needing extra support work on finding the volume of basic
geometric shapes like cubes and rectangular prisms.
2 The teacher groups those students who excel in geometry to engage in extension
activities, while those requiring additional support receive guided instruction in
smaller groups.
3 The teacher gives visual learners the opportunity to use manipulatives like cubes and
rectangular prisms to explore volume, while auditory learners participate in
discussions about real-world applications of volume calculations.
4 The teacher introduces solid figures such as cubes, cylinders, and pyramids,
demonstrating how to calculate volume and surface area using formulas. The class
then collectively works on a set of problems from the textbook, followed by a quiz to
assess understanding of solid figure concepts."

A) 1 and 2
B) 1, 2 and 3
C) 1, 2 and 4
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

The correct answer is B.

2. You notice that the academic performance of a certain class has been consistently
declining. After discussing with the teachers, you find out that there is a lack of
alignment between the assessments and the learning competencies outlined in the
curriculum. What should be your immediate action?

A) Implement a new assessment policy.

B) Ignore the issue as it might resolve on its own.
C) Schedule individual meetings with the teachers to discuss their assessment strategies.
D) Facilitate training sessions for teachers to align assessments with curriculum
standards

The correct answer is D.

As a principal, it's crucial to address the root cause of the problem, which in this case is the
misalignment between assessments and curriculum standards. Facilitating a learning sessions
for teachers ensures they receive guidance and support to realign their assessment strategies,
fostering improvement in student performance. Working with teachers and providing them
professional development opportunities/support demonstrate leadership and a commitment to
improving educational outcomes.

3. Several teachers express frustration with the lack of resources for conducting
formative assessments in their classrooms. What would you do as a principal to support
them?

A) It is inevitable to have resource constraints.

B) Allocate a budget for purchasing assessment materials and tools.
C) Reduce the frequency of formative assessments to ease the burden on teachers.
D) Provide professional development workshops on low-resource assessment strategies.

The correct answer is D.

Professional Development Workshops:

As a principal, providing professional development workshops on low-resource assessment
strategies demonstrates proactive support for teachers facing challenges with limited
resources. These workshops can equip teachers with alternative methods and techniques for
conducting formative assessments that do not rely heavily on expensive materials or tools. For
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example, teachers can learn how to use observation, questioning techniques, and student self-
assessment as effective ways to gather feedback on student progress without requiring costly
resources.

Addressing Resource Constraints:

Acknowledging the resource constraints faced by teachers and providing them with practical
solutions through professional development workshops helps to mitigate the impact of these
challenges on teaching and learning. By offering training on creative and innovative
assessment approaches that make the most of available resources, teachers can feel supported
in their efforts to assess student learning effectively despite limitations.

Empowering Teachers:
Professional development workshops empower teachers by equipping them with the knowledge
and skills to overcome resource constraints and adapt their assessment practices to meet the
needs of their students. By investing in teacher training and development, principals
demonstrate a commitment to supporting their staff and enhancing the quality of instruction
in the school.

Long-term Impact:
Offering professional development workshops on low-resource assessment strategies not only
addresses the immediate challenge of resource constraints but also has long-term benefits.
Teachers can continue to apply and refine the strategies they learn in the workshops, leading
to improved assessment practices and better outcomes for students over time.

4. A teacher reports that some students are consistently underperforming in summative

assessments despite showing understanding during formative assessments. What would
be your approach as a principal to support these students?

A) Implement stricter assessment policies to motivate students to perform better.

B) Provide additional support and interventions tailored to the needs of these students.
C) Ignore the issue, as summative assessments are the true measure of student ability.
D) Advise the teacher to decrease the rigor of summative assessments.

The correct answer is B.

Recognizing that each student has unique learning needs is essential for fostering academic
growth. Providing additional support and interventions tailored to the needs of
underperforming students demonstrates a commitment to their success. This approach
promotes equity, personalized learning, and holistic student development.

5. Two teachers have conflicting views on the frequency and types of assessments to be
conducted in their respective classes. How would you, as a principal, resolve this
conflict?

A) Require the use of a single assessment approach across both classes to maintain
consistency.
B) Allow each teacher autonomy in choosing assessment methods but provide guidelines
for alignment with curriculum standards.
C) Let the teachers resolve it between themselves.
D) Remove assessments altogether to avoid conflicts.

The correct answer is B.

Balancing autonomy with alignment to curriculum standards is essential for fostering a
collaborative and supportive teaching environment. Allowing each teacher autonomy in
choosing assessment methods while providing guidelines ensures flexibility and creativity
while maintaining consistency in achieving educational goals. This approach promotes
professionalism, collaboration, and innovation among teachers.

6. Considering the flexibility of the SHS curriculum, how can principals support students
in transitioning between tracks if they change their career preferences?

A) Limit the number of track changes allowed per academic year to maintain stability.
B) Implement counseling programs to assist students in making informed decisions.
C) Require students to commit to their chosen track for the entire duration of SHS.
D) Restrict access to specialized subjects to prevent track changes.

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The correct answer is B.

Counseling programs provide personalized support to students, helping them navigate track
changes and make informed decisions about their academic and career paths.

7. A teacher reports that some students consistently perform well in formative

assessments but struggle in applying their knowledge during summative assessments.
How would you address this issue as a principal?

A) Increase the weightage of formative assessments to compensate for poor performance

in summative assessments.
B) Provide additional support and resources for bridging the gap between formative and
summative assessments.
C) Implement stricter grading criteria for summative assessments to incentivize better
performance.
D) Ignore the issue, as it might be due to individual student abilities.

The correct answer is B.

Recognizing and addressing the gap between formative and summative assessments is
essential for promoting holistic student learning. Providing additional support and resources,
such as targeted interventions or differentiated instruction, helps bridge this gap and ensures
that students can apply their knowledge effectively in summative assessments. This approach
fosters equity, mastery learning, and continuous improvement in assessment practices.

8. A new teacher is struggling to understand the difference between formative and

summative assessments. What should the principal advise the teacher to focus on to
improve assessment practices?

A) Conduct summative assessments to ensure accountability.

B) Prioritize formative assessments to provide ongoing feedback to students.
C) Use a combination of formative and summative assessments to evaluate student
learning.
D) Advise the teacher to focus on instructional delivery.

The correct answer is C.

The principal should advise the teacher to use both formative and summative assessments.
While formative assessments provide ongoing feedback to students, summative assessments
evaluate overall learning outcomes. A balanced approach ensures comprehensive assessment
practices.

9. When developing instructional materials for the curriculum, what should be the
approach in the development of these materials to ensure cultural relevance?

A) Focusing on universal artifacts and stories to avoid cultural bias.

B) Consulting with IKSP holders and culture bearers to ensure cultural authenticity.
C) Using the indigenous languages in the development of the instructional materials.
D) Developing instructional materials that are compliant to learning resources
development standards on social content.

The correct answer is B.

Consulting with IKSP holders and culture bearers ensures that instructional materials are
culturally authentic and relevant, reflecting the lived experiences and knowledge systems of
the indigenous community.

10. During an instructional supervision activity, a teacher expresses concerns about

implementing collaborative learning in the classroom. The principal responds by asking
the teacher to clarify their understanding of collaborative learning. Which of the
following best describes collaborative learning according to the principal's response?

A) Assigning individual tasks to students for independent completion.

B) Facilitating healthy competition among students to achieve academic success.
C) Encouraging students to work together in groups or pairs to achieve a common
learning goal.
D) Allowing students to work individually without interaction with peers.

Correct Answer is C.
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Collaborative learning is an approach where students actively engage with each other to
achieve a shared learning goal. Unlike traditional teaching methods where students primarily
learn individually, collaborative learning emphasizes cooperation, teamwork, and mutual
support among peers. In collaborative learning settings, students work together in groups or
pairs, leveraging each other's strengths, skills, and perspectives to deepen their understanding
of the subject matter.

Key aspects of collaborative learning include:

Group Work: Students collaborate in small groups or pairs to complete tasks, projects,
discussions, or assignments. This fosters interaction and cooperation among students,
encouraging them to contribute to the group's collective efforts.

Shared Responsibility: In collaborative learning, students share responsibility for their

learning outcomes. They actively participate in discussions, problem-solving, and knowledge-
sharing activities, taking ownership of their learning process.

Communication Skills: Collaborative learning promotes effective communication skills as

students engage in dialogue, share ideas, ask questions, and provide feedback to their peers.
This enhances their ability to express thoughts clearly, listen attentively, and collaborate
effectively in a group setting.

Critical Thinking: Through collaborative learning, students engage in higher-order thinking

skills such as analyzing information, evaluating arguments, and synthesizing ideas. They learn
to consider different perspectives, challenge assumptions, and construct knowledge
collaboratively.

Social Skills Development: Collaborative learning enhances social skills such as teamwork,
leadership, empathy, and conflict resolution. Students learn to work cooperatively with others,
respect diverse viewpoints, and navigate interpersonal dynamics within a group context.

Collaborative learning promotes an active, participatory approach to learning, where students

learn not only from their teachers but also from each other. By working together, students not
only acquire subject-specific knowledge but also develop essential interpersonal and cognitive
skills crucial for success in academic and real-world settings.

11. A teacher is struggling to design assessment tasks aligned with the learning
competencies. What support should the principal offer to assist the teacher in this
situation?

A) Provide pre-designed assessment tasks for the teacher to use without modification.
B) Advise the teacher to focus on assessing content knowledge rather than skills.
C) Offer guidance on designing assessment tasks that align with learning competencies
and cognitive processes.
D) Give the teacher with sufficient time, as he/she will eventually learn to align the
assessment tasks with the learning competencies.

The correct answer is C.

The principal should provide support and guidance to help the teacher align assessment tasks
with learning competencies and cognitive processes. This ensures that assessments accurately
measure student understanding and skills development.

12. A teacher is concerned about the effectiveness of instructional strategies based on

the results of formative assessments during the lesson. What should the principal advise
the teacher to do?

A) Continue with the same instructional strategies.

B) Modify instructional strategies based on the assessment results to better meet student
needs.
C) Disregard the assessment results and focus on completing the lesson plan.
D) Implement summative assessments immediately to validate the effectiveness of
instructional strategies.

The correct answer is B.

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Formative assessments serve the crucial function of providing ongoing feedback to both
teachers and students during the learning process. If a teacher is concerned about the
effectiveness of instructional strategies based on the results of formative assessments, it
indicates that adjustments may be necessary to optimize student learning.

Continuing with the same instructional strategies (Option A) could perpetuate ineffective
teaching methods and fail to address the identified concerns. Without modification, students
may continue to struggle, leading to further disengagement or lack of progress.

Disregarding the assessment results and focusing solely on completing the lesson plan
(Option C) overlooks the purpose of formative assessment, which is to inform instruction.
Ignoring assessment data undermines the teacher's ability to address student needs effectively.

Implementing summative assessments immediately (Option D) is not appropriate during

the lesson if formative assessments have already been conducted. Summative assessments
typically occur at the end of a unit or lesson sequence to evaluate student learning
comprehensively. Additionally, replacing formative assessments with summative assessments
does not address the immediate need for instructional adjustments based on real-time
feedback.

13. At Sinag ES, a group of teachers is discussing the curriculum principles outlined in
Republic Act No. 10533. They are particularly focusing on the aspect of curriculum
contextualization.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the contextualized nature of the
curriculum as outlined in the principles of the K to 12 Basic Education Program?

A) The curriculum prioritizes uniformity over diversity, aiming to standardize education

across all regions.
B) Curriculum contextualization emphasizes the importance of tailoring educational
content to the unique cultural and societal backgrounds of learners.
C) The curriculum strictly adheres to global standards.
D) Contextualization in the curriculum primarily focuses on the exclusion of global
perspectives to maintain cultural purity.

Correct Answer is B.
The principle of contextualization as outlined in Republic Act No. 10533 emphasizes the
importance of adapting the curriculum to the specific needs, cultural identities, and socio-
cultural settings of learners while also considering global demands. This approach ensures
that education remains relevant and meaningful to students, fostering a deeper understanding
and engagement with the content.

14. A school administrator is planning the implementation of the Mother Tongue-Based

Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) program in the early grades of a public school. The
administrator is discussing the importance of instructional materials and capable
teachers for successful implementation.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a requirement for the

implementation of the MTB-MLE program?

A) The MTB-MLE program only requires instructional materials in English to promote

proficiency in the global lingua franca.
B) The MTB-MLE program necessitates the availability of instructional materials and
teachers proficient in the mother tongue of the learners.
C) Instructional materials for the MTB-MLE program should be developed at the national
level to ensure uniformity across all regions.
D) The MTB-MLE program discourages the use of indigenous languages, emphasizing the
adoption of a standardized language for instruction.

The correct answer is B.

RA 10533 outlines the requirement for the successful implementation of the MTB-MLE
program. It stresses the importance of having instructional materials and teachers who are
proficient in the mother tongue of the learners. This approach ensures that students can

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effectively learn foundational concepts in a language they understand best, facilitating their
overall cognitive and linguistic development.

15. A teacher is struggling to differentiate between content standards and performance

standards when designing assessments. What clarification should the principal offer to
assist the teacher?

A) Explain that content standards focus on what learners should know, while
performance standards focus on how well learners can apply their knowledge and
skills.
B) Advise the teacher to prioritize content standards over performance standards in
assessment design.
C) Disregard the distinction between content and performance standards as they serve
the same purpose.
D) Suggest the teacher focus solely on assessing content knowledge without considering
application.

The correct answer is A.

Content standards define knowledge, while performance standards assess application and
proficiency. The principal should clarify this distinction to help the teacher design assessments
aligned with both types of standards.

16. When a teacher is uncertain about effectively assessing students' understanding of

complex concepts, what guidance should the principal provide to support the teacher in
addressing this challenge?

A) Advise the teacher to simplify assessments to focus on basic concepts.

B) Recommend strategies for designing assessments that require students to analyze,
evaluate, and create using complex concepts.
C) Discourage the assessment of complex concepts as it may be too challenging for
students.
D) Suggest the teacher rely solely on summative assessments to measure understanding
of complex concepts.

The correct answer is B.

Assessments should challenge students to apply complex concepts through higher-order
thinking skills. The principal should recommend strategies to help the teacher design
assessments that align with the cognitive demands of the curriculum.

17. During a meeting. one teacher expresses uncertainty about the primary purpose of
formative assessment and its relevance to their teaching strategies. As the school
principal, you recognize the importance of clarifying this concept to ensure effective
teaching practices are implemented in class.

As a school principal, how would you explain the primary purpose of formative
assessment to your teachers?

A) Emphasize its role in measuring final achievement.

B) Highlight its function in informing instructional decisions.
C) Suggest its use for assigning grades.
D) Recommend its evaluation in relation to summative assessment.

The correct Answer is B.

Formative assessment is primarily aimed at providing feedback to both teachers and students
to guide instructional decisions. It helps teachers understand students' progress and adjust
teaching methods accordingly to improve learning outcomes.

18. As an instructional supervisor tasked with evaluating curriculum design and

implementation in your school, you need to assess how the spiral progression approach
contributes to the mastery of knowledge and skills.

How does the use of the spiral progression approach in the curriculum support the
mastery of knowledge and skills?
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A) By implementing occasional revisions to existing concepts, so that students will grasp them
quickly.
B) By revisiting concepts multiple times across different grade levels, facilitating deeper
understanding and mastery.
C) By advancing through the curriculum in a step-by-step manner, without reviewing
previously covered materials.
D) By prioritizing the introduction of complex topics over foundational concepts.

Correct answer is B.
The spiral progression approach involves revisiting concepts over time, allowing students to
deepen their understanding as they encounter them repeatedly across different grade levels.
This repetition and reinforcement contribute to the mastery of knowledge and skills, aligning
with the principles of effective curriculum design.

19. What is the primary aim of the Enhanced Basic Education Program or K to 12 Basic
Education Program?

A) To focus on developing specific job skills for immediate employment.

B) To instill a strong sense of nationalism and contribute to building a progressive society.
C) To provide advanced technical training for specialized careers.
D) To prioritize academic achievement.

Correct Answer is B.

The Enhanced Basic Education Program aims to strengthen the values of the Filipino people,
develop a strong sense of nationalism, and cultivate citizens who contribute to building a
progressive, just, and humane society.
~DO 21, s. 2019 (Policy Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic Education Program)

20. During a professional development session, a group of teachers seeks clarification

from the principal regarding the timing of formative assessments within the teaching-
learning process. They ask when exactly these assessments should occur and how they
can effectively integrate them into their lessons.

As the school principal leading the professional development session, how would you
explain the timing of formative assessment within the teaching-learning process to the
teachers?

A) Emphasize that formative assessment occurs at the beginning of the lesson.

B) Highlight that formative assessment is conducted at the end of the lesson.
C) Clarify that formative assessment takes place throughout the teaching-learning
process.
D) Suggest that formative assessment is conducted during assessments.

The correct answer is C.

Formative assessment is ongoing and can occur at any time during the teaching-learning
process. It includes assessment before, during, and after the lesson to monitor student
progress and inform instruction effectively.

21. During a curriculum review activity, teachers express confusion about the purpose
and focus of content standards. They turn to the principal for clarification, seeking
guidance on how to best integrate these standards into their teaching practices.

As the school principal leading the curriculum review, how would you explain the
primary focus of content standards to the teachers?

A) Highlight that content standards primarily focus on assessing student performance.

B) Emphasize that content standards are primarily concerned with setting essential
knowledge and understanding.
C) Clarify that content standards primarily describe abilities and skills.
D) Suggest that content standards primarily identify learning competencies.

The correct answer is B.

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Content standards define the essential knowledge and understanding that students should
learn within specific subject areas or topics. They outline the scope of what students should
know and understand.

22. Which dimension of the Cognitive Process Dimensions involves making judgments
and justifying decisions?

A) Remembering
B) Understanding
C) Evaluating
D) Creating

The correct answer is C.

The Evaluating dimension of the Cognitive Process Dimensions involves making judgments,
appraising, and justifying decisions based on criteria and standards.

23. In Mr. Benito's mathematics class, students are working on solving algebraic
equations. He notices that some students are struggling with certain concepts while
others are progressing well. To address this variation in understanding, Mr. Benito
decides to implement individual formative assessments.

Why does Mr. Benito conduct individual formative assessments while students are
solving algebraic equations?

A) To provide immediate feedback

B) To assess students individually
C) To measure final achievement
D) To evaluate students' understanding

The correct answer is A.

Individual formative assessment allows students to demonstrate their learning independently
and receive immediate feedback from teachers. It helps students monitor their progress and
identify areas for improvement.

24. In a high school science class, Ms. Rodriguez is preparing to teach a lesson on
chemical reactions. Before diving into the new material, she decides to conduct a
formative assessment to gauge her students' prior knowledge and understanding of the
topic. She wants to ensure that she tailors her instruction to meet the needs of her
diverse learners and addresses any misconceptions they may have about chemical
reactions.

In Ms. Rodriguez's science class, why does she conduct a formative assessment before
starting the lesson on chemical reactions?

A) To evaluate the effectiveness of instruction

B) To determine conceptual understanding
C) To compare with summative assessment
D) To assign grades

The correct answer is B.

Formative assessment conducted before the lesson helps teachers gauge students'
understanding of the topic before direct instruction. It informs teachers about students' prior
knowledge and helps in planning appropriate instructional strategies.

25. A parent is concerned about how their child's progress is recorded and computed in
school. They inquire about the grading system used for their child's grade level. What
should the principal explain to the parent?

A) Grades are based on written examinations.

B) Grades are determined by students' scores on assessments.
C) Grades are primarily dependent on the teacher's assessment.
D) Grades are determined by a combination of written works, performance tasks, and
quarterly assessments.

The correct answer is B.

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The principal should inform the parent that the grading system incorporates various
components such as written works, performance tasks, and quarterly assessments to
accurately assess the child's progress throughout the academic term.

26. A teacher is unsure about how to record and compute learner progress for a
kindergarten class. They seek guidance from the principal. What advice should the
principal provide to the teacher?

A) Use numerical grades for kindergarten learners.

B) Rely solely on anecdotal reports for assessment.
C) Utilize checklists and anecdotal records for assessment instead of numerical grades.
D) Do not maintain any records for kindergarten learners.

The correct answer is C.

The principal should advise the teacher to use checklists and anecdotal records for assessment
in kindergarten instead of numerical grades. These methods provide a holistic view of the
child's progress and are aligned with the kindergarten curriculum guidelines.

27. A teacher is unsure about the significance of weight assigned to each component in
computing final grades. They seek clarification from the principal. What should the
principal explain to the teacher?

A) Weight assigned to each component is based on the level of difficulty.

B) Weight assigned to each component reflects its importance in promoting learning.
C) Weight assigned to each component is arbitrary.
D) Weight assigned to each component is determined by student preference.

The correct answer is B.

The principal should clarify that the weight assigned to each component reflects its importance
in promoting learning and contributes to the overall assessment of student progress.

28. A Grade 8 student consistently performs poorly in both Written Work and
Performance Tasks, and it's already the fifth week of the quarter. What should the school
principal do?

A) Initiate a meeting with the student's teachers to discuss strategies for providing
immediate remediation.
B) Wait until the end of the quarter to address the student's performance issues.
C) Inform the student's parents about the poor performance and let them handle the
situation.
D) Ignore the situation as it's still early in the quarter.

The correct answer is A.

The teachers should ensure that learners receive remediation when they earn raw scores
consistently below expectations in Written Work and Performance Tasks by the fifth week of
any quarter. The principal should take proactive steps to address the student's performance
issues, involving the teachers to devise a plan for immediate remediation.

29. Which policy framework promotes the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable,
culture-based, and complete basic education?

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A) The Enhanced Basic Education Program or K to 12 Basic Education Program

B) The Inclusive Education Policy Framework
C) The Learner
D) Republic Act No. 10533

The correct answer is B.

The Inclusive Education Policy Framework is designed to ensure that all Filipinos have access
to quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education, emphasizing inclusivity in
the educational system.

30. What skills are embedded in subjects such as Technology and Livelihood Education,
Science, Mathematics, Araling Panlipunan, MAPEH, and Languages according to the K
to 12 curriculum?

A) Information, media, and technology skills

B) Learning and innovation skills
C) Communication skills
D) Life and career skills

The correct answer is A.

These skills, which include visual and information literacies, media literacy, and technological
literacy, are integrated into various subjects to equip learners with the necessary skills to
navigate the modern information landscape.

31. Which principle of the K to 12 Basic Education Program emphasizes the importance
of mastery of knowledge and skills after each level?

A) The curriculum shall use the spiral progression approach.

B) The curriculum shall be flexible enough to enable schools to localize, indigenize and to
enhance it based on their respective educational and social contexts.

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C) The curriculum shall adhere to the principles and framework of Mother Tongue-Based
Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in the early grades.
D) The curriculum shall be culture-sensitive.

The correct answer is A.

The spiral progression approach ensures that concepts are introduced at an early age and
deepened in succeeding years, promoting mastery of knowledge and skills after each level of
education.

32. What flexibility does the curriculum offer to schools according to Republic Act No.
10533?

A) Schools must adhere to a centralized curriculum.

B) Schools can only enhance the curriculum with national standards.
C) Schools are encouraged to localize, indigenize, and enhance the curriculum based on
their contexts.
D) Schools have autonomy in curriculum development.

The correct answer is C.

Schools are encouraged to localize, indigenize, and enhance the curriculum based on their
contexts. This promotes flexibility and responsiveness to local educational and social needs.

33. Which educational approach puts a premium on questioning, investigating, and

establishing connections of evidence?

A) Reflective
B) Collaborative
C) Inquiry-based
D) Differentiated

The correct answer is C.

Inquiry-based learning emphasizes questioning, investigating, and establishing connections
of evidence, fostering critical thinking skills.

34. Which set of skills is essential for K to 12 graduates to navigate the challenges and
opportunities of the 21st century?

A) Information, media, and technology skills

B) Learning and innovation skills
C) Communication skills
D) Life and career skills

The correct answer is B.

Learning and innovation skills, including critical thinking and problem-solving, are crucial for
addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities effectively.

35. A principal is assessing the effectiveness of the K to 12 curriculum. Which statement

accurately reflects the role of education in relation to 21st-century skills?

A) Education should focus on theoretical knowledge.

B) The curriculum should remain static.
C) Education should equip learners with skills relevant to current and emerging needs.
D) The curriculum should focus on effective pedagogical approaches such as
constructivist learning, collaborative learning, inquiry-based learning, and reflective
learning among others.

The correct answer is C.

In assessing the effectiveness of the curriculum, the principal should consider whether it
equips learners with skills that are relevant to both current and emerging needs, as stated in
the K to 12 framework.

36. A principal is examining the interdisciplinary approach in formal education. Which

of the following best describes the benefit of teaching multiple subjects in relation to
one another?
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A) It limits students' understanding to isolated subjects.

B) It helps students' ability to think critically on a particular discipline.
C) It enhances students' comprehension by connecting concepts across disciplines.
D) It increases students' knowledge on the subject.

The correct answer is C.

Interdisciplinary teaching enhances students' comprehension by showing connections between
different subjects, aligning with the principal's role of ensuring a holistic and integrated
learning experience.

37. A principal is evaluating the importance of collaborative learning. Which statement

best reflects the significance of collaboration in education?

A) Collaborative learning helps students feel a sense of belongingness.

B) Collaborative learning is consistently more effective than individual work or learning.
C) Classroom activities should prioritize individual achievement over group success.
D) Collaborative learning promotes teamwork and prepares students for real-life
scenarios.

The correct answer is D.

Collaborative learning promotes teamwork, which is essential for success in real-life scenarios,
aligning with the principal's responsibility to prepare students for future challenges.

38. During a meeting, the principal is contemplating the significance of integrating ICT
(Information and Communication Technology) into the school's curriculum. Which
statement best captures the crucial role ICT plays in enhancing educational delivery and
student learning outcomes?

A) ICT enhances curriculum delivery and equips students with essential technological
skills.
B) Traditional teaching methods are more effective with ICT integration.
C) ICT should be integrated in education to make the work of the teachers easier.
D) The integration of ICT in education has the greatest impact on student learning
outcomes.

The correct answer is A.

Integrating ICT enhances curriculum delivery and equips students with technological skills
essential for the 21st century, aligning with the principal's responsibility to ensure students
are prepared for technological demands.

39. A principal is assessing the assessment strategies in the school. Which of the
following statements, if true, best articulates the fundamental purpose of assessment
within the K to 12 program?"

A) Assessment provides information on students’ academic performance.

B) Assessment measures students’ understanding of the lesson.
C) Assessment should be standardized to ensure reliability.
D) Assessment provides feedback on students' progress and informs teaching practices.

The correct answer is D.

Assessment in the K to 12 program serves the purpose of providing feedback on students'
progress and informing teaching practices, aligning with the principal's role in monitoring
student achievement.

40. A principal is reviewing the monitoring and evaluation framework. Which statement
best reflects the objective of the Basic Education Monitoring and Evaluation Framework
(BEMEF)?

A) BEMEF focuses on ranking schools based on standardized test scores.

B) BEMEF aims to ensure the holistic development of learners based on key education
objectives.
C) BEMEF prioritizes collecting data at the school level rather than focusing on learner-
centered outcomes.
D) BEMEF disregards learner characteristics in evaluating education outcomes.
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The correct answer is B.

The BEMEF aims to ensure the holistic development of learners based on key education
objectives, aligning with the principal's responsibility to oversee the overall educational
process.

41. It is observed that the students lack proficiency in utilizing information and
communication technology (ICT) despite it being integrated into the curriculum. What
would be the most effective strategy to address this issue?

A) Implement an ICT workshop for teachers

B) Establish a dedicated ICT club for students
C) Incorporate ICT training sessions into the regular timetable
D) Give less priority to ICT component since it's not a core subject, rather focus on
employing effective pedagogical approaches in teaching and learning.

The correct answer in C.

Regular ICT training sessions integrated into the timetable ensure consistent exposure and
skill development among students.

42. What is a primary responsibility of the principal regarding the Grades 1 to 3 Program?

A) Implementing separate learning areas for each grade

B) Ensuring consistency in curriculum standards
C) Developing conceptual frameworks for teaching
D) Teaching Science as a separate subject in Grade 3

The correct answer is B.

Principals play a crucial role in maintaining consistency in curriculum standards across
grades, ensuring equitable educational opportunities for all students.

43. What principle of early childhood education emphasizes the importance of using
meaningful and real experiences for learning?

A) Every child is unique.

B) Learning programs are child-centered.
C) Assessment monitors learning progress.
D) Growth and development are interrelated.

The correct answer is A.

Every Child is Unique:

This principle of early childhood education recognizes that each child is an individual with
their own unique strengths, interests, and learning styles. It emphasizes the importance of
tailoring educational experiences to meet the specific needs and interests of each child. By
understanding and respecting the uniqueness of each child, educators can create learning
environments that are engaging, relevant, and meaningful to the child.
How It Relates to Using Meaningful and Real Experiences for Learning:

Personalized Learning: Recognizing that every child is unique means that educators must
consider each child's background, experiences, and interests when designing learning
activities. Using meaningful and real experiences for learning allows educators to personalize
the learning experience for each child, making it more relevant and engaging.

Authentic Learning: Meaningful and real experiences for learning involve providing children
with opportunities to engage in activities that are relevant to their lives and experiences. This
could include activities such as exploring the surrounding/nature, cleaning, organizing things,
etc. which are not only enjoyable but also provide opportunities for hands-on learning and
exploration. By incorporating these authentic experiences into the curriculum, educators can
make learning more meaningful and relevant to children's lives.

Respect for Diversity: Emphasizing the uniqueness of each child also involves recognizing
and respecting the diversity of backgrounds, cultures, and experiences that children bring to
the learning environment. Using meaningful and real experiences for learning allows educators

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to incorporate diverse perspectives and experiences into the curriculum, making learning more
inclusive and culturally relevant.

Promoting Engagement: Meaningful and real experiences for learning are inherently more
engaging for children because they involve hands-on activities, exploration, and discovery.
When children are engaged in meaningful learning experiences that are relevant to their lives,
they are more likely to be motivated and actively involved in the learning process.

44. What is the main purpose of elementary education, as provided in the K to 12

curriculum?

A) Developing advanced academic skills

B) Building a foundation for lifelong learning
C) Fostering creativity through play
D) Providing vocational training

The correct answer is B.

Elementary education aims to provide a strong foundation for lifelong learning, aligning with
the principal's responsibility to ensure educational quality and student success beyond
elementary school.

45. How do the spiral progression approach and off-school learning experiences
contribute to the holistic development of students?

A) By enhancing technical skills

B) By promoting interdisciplinary connections
C) By fostering community partnerships
D) By supporting co-curricular and extracurricular participation

The correct answer is B.

Spiral Progression Approach:

The spiral progression approach is an educational method that revisits key concepts and skills
repeatedly over time, deepening understanding and building upon prior knowledge. This
approach recognizes that learning is not linear but rather cyclical, with students revisiting
topics at increasing levels of complexity. By continually revisiting and expanding upon
concepts across different subjects, students develop a more comprehensive understanding of
how various disciplines are interconnected.

Off-School Learning Experiences:

Off-school learning experiences refer to activities or opportunities for learning that take place
outside the traditional classroom setting. These experiences can include field trips,
internships, community service projects, or co-curricular and extracurricular activities. Off-
school learning experiences provide students with real-world contexts in which to apply and
integrate knowledge gained in different subject areas.
How They Contribute to Holistic Development:

Interdisciplinary Connections:
Both the spiral progression approach and off-school learning experiences facilitate
interdisciplinary connections by encouraging students to see the relationships between
different subjects. For example, a science lesson on ecosystems may incorporate elements of
mathematics through data analysis, language arts through writing about environmental
issues, and social studies through exploring the impact of human activity on ecosystems. By
making these connections, students develop a broader understanding of how knowledge is
interconnected across disciplines.

Real-World Relevance:
Off-school learning experiences provide students with opportunities to apply academic
concepts in real-world settings. This hands-on approach enhances learning by demonstrating
the practical relevance of classroom knowledge and encouraging students to think critically
about how concepts apply beyond the classroom walls. For instance, a history museum visit
may help students understand historical events in a more tangible way, fostering deeper
engagement and understanding.

Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills

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Engaging with interdisciplinary connections and real-world experiences promotes the

development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Students learn to analyze complex
issues from multiple perspectives, synthesize information from various sources, and develop
creative solutions to real-world problems. These skills are essential for success in both
academic and professional settings and contribute to students' holistic development.

46. Which aspect of the Junior High School (JHS) curriculum reflects the commitment
to student-centered learning?

A) Stand-alone ICT subject

B) Spiral progression approach
C) Provision of independent learning periods
D) Integration of entrepreneurship in TLE

The correct answer is C.

Independent (/cooperative) learning periods allow students to study topics of interest on their
own or in groups, fostering a student-centered approach to learning and promoting autonomy
and responsibility.

47. A student with a physical disability expresses interest in participating in a school

sports event. How should you, as the school principal, ensure inclusivity in this
situation?

A) Discourage the student from participating in sports events to avoid potential injuries.
B) Modify the sports event to accommodate the student's needs and ensure their
participation.
C) Exclude the student from sports events to avoid disrupting the flow of the event.
D) Suggest that the student participate in non-physical activities instead.

The correct answer is B.

It promotes inclusivity by modifying the sports event to accommodate the student's needs and
ensure their participation.

48. A student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experiences sensory overload in
crowded environments such as the school cafeteria. How should you, as the school
principal, address this issue while promoting inclusivity?

A) Exclude the student from lunchtime activities to avoid sensory overload.

B) Provide a quiet and sensory-friendly space in the cafeteria for the student to retreat to
when needed.
C) Ignore the student's challenges, as sensory issues are part of their disability.
D) Advise the student to wear noise-canceling headphones to manage sensory overload.

The correct answer is B.

It demonstrates a proactive approach to addressing the student's sensory needs and promoting
inclusivity in the cafeteria environment.

49. A student with a learning disability experiences difficulty understanding complex

mathematical concepts. How should you, as the school principal, support this student
while promoting inclusivity?

A) Encourage the student's parents to enroll him or her in ADM.

B) Suggest that the student pursue non-academic courses instead.
C) Provide personalized support and accommodations such as extra tutoring and
simplified instructional materials.
D) Recommend that parents support the student by considering options like hiring a
tutor, providing coaching, and so on.

The correct answer is C.

When a student with a learning disability struggles with understanding complex mathematical
concepts, it's essential to provide support that addresses their specific needs while fostering
inclusivity within the school environment.

Personalized Support:

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Every student learns differently, and those with learning disabilities often require personalized
support tailored to their individual needs. By providing personalized support, such as one-on-
one tutoring or small group sessions, the student can receive targeted assistance that
addresses their difficulties with understanding complex mathematical concepts.

Accommodations:
Accommodations are adjustments made to the learning environment or instructional methods
to help students with disabilities participate more fully in school activities. In this case,
providing simplified instructional materials can make complex mathematical concepts more
accessible to the student. These materials may include visual aids, hands-on activities, or
simplified explanations tailored to the student's learning style.

Promoting Inclusivity:
Inclusivity means ensuring that all students, regardless of their abilities or differences, have
equal access to education and opportunities for success. By providing personalized support
and accommodations to the student with a learning disability, the school promotes inclusivity
by acknowledging and addressing the student's unique needs. This approach helps create a
supportive and inclusive learning environment where every student feels valued and supported
in their academic journey.

50. A parent approaches you, concerned that their child, who has a disability, is not
receiving adequate support in the classroom. What action should you take as a principal
to ensure inclusivity?

A) Dismiss the parent's concerns, as the school is already following standard curriculum
and procedures.
B) Offer to provide additional resources and support tailored to the child's needs.
C) Suggest transferring the child to a specialized school for students with disabilities.
D) Refer the parent to the concerned teachers of their child so they can discuss and
resolve the matter.

The correct answer is B.

Individualized Support:
When a parent expresses concerns about their child with a disability not receiving adequate
support in the classroom, it's crucial to acknowledge and address those concerns. Every child's
needs are unique, especially when they have a disability. By offering additional resources and
support tailored to the child's specific needs, the school can ensure that the child receives the
assistance required to succeed academically and thrive in the classroom environment.

Inclusivity and Accessibility:

Ensuring inclusivity means providing equal opportunities for all students to access education
and participate fully in the learning process. For a student with a disability, this may require
accommodations or modifications to the curriculum, specialized instruction, assistive
technology, or additional support services. By offering these resources, the school
demonstrates its commitment to creating an inclusive learning environment where every
student, regardless of their abilities, can succeed.

Collaborative Approach:
Addressing the parent's concerns in a collaborative manner fosters trust and partnership
between the school and the family. By offering to provide additional resources and support,
the principal shows a willingness to work together with the parent to meet the child's needs
effectively. This collaborative approach reinforces the idea that the school and the family are
partners in the child's education and well-being.

Legal and Ethical Obligations:

Schools have legal and ethical obligations to provide appropriate support and accommodations
for students with disabilities based on DepEd guidelines and existing laws. By offering
additional resources and support tailored to the child's needs, the school fulfills its obligations
to provide a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment (LRE)
for students with disabilities.

51. You are reviewing the assessment practices in your school to ensure they align with
inclusive education principles to be responsive to the needs of diverse groups of learners

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including those with disabilities. Which of the following statements best differentiates
inclusive assessment from traditional assessment?

A) It focuses on written tests.

B) It relies on standardized testing.
C) It gives special consideration to learners with disabilities.
D) It adapts assessment strategies to the needs of all learners.

The correct answer is D.

Inclusive Assessment
Inclusive assessment refers to assessment practices that accommodate the diverse needs of all
learners, including those with disabilities, diverse learning styles, and cultural backgrounds.
Inclusive assessment recognizes that one size does not fit all and aims to create fair and
accessible assessment experiences for every student. This approach involves adapting
assessment strategies, formats, and accommodations to ensure that all students have equal
opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge and skills.
• Alternative Formats
• Flexible Timed Assessments
• Peer and Self-Assessment
• Authentic Performance Tasks
• Individualized Goal Setting

Traditional Assessment
Traditional assessment methods often follow standardized approaches that may not adequately
accommodate the diverse needs of all learners. These assessments typically rely on a narrow
range of evaluation tools, such as written tests or standardized exams, which may not
accurately measure the abilities of students with disabilities or those who learn differently.
Traditional assessment practices may inadvertently disadvantage certain groups of learners by
not providing appropriate accommodations or alternative assessment formats.
• Multiple-Choice Tests
• Standardized Tests
• Short Answer or Essay Questions
• Oral Presentation
• Timed Examinations

52. Consider a community where there is a significant population of children from

marginalized backgrounds, including those with disabilities, indigenous children, and
children from low-income families. Despite the constitutional mandate for quality
education, many of these children face barriers to accessing education due to
discrimination, lack of resources, and cultural insensitivity in schools. In response to
this situation, a public school decides to implement a series of initiatives aimed at
addressing these disparities and ensuring that every child has equal access to quality
education.

What principle serves as the foundation for the education initiatives described in the
scenario above?

A) Equity
B) Inclusion
C) Responsiveness to Rights
D) Sensitivity and Responsiveness to Context

The correct answer is C.

Responsiveness to Rights is a principle that emphasizes the recognition, promotion, and

protection of rights as the basis for education initiatives. It focuses on the importance of
ensuring that education programs and policies are developed and implemented in a way that
upholds the rights of all individuals, especially in the context of diverse learners and
communities.

Recognition of Rights: Responsiveness to Rights acknowledges the fundamental importance

of recognizing the rights of every individual to quality education. This includes the right to
access education without discrimination and the right to education tailored to individual needs
and circumstances.
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Promotion of Rights: The principle promotes the active promotion of rights within education
systems. This involves creating an environment that fosters inclusivity, respect, and
empowerment, ensuring that learners are aware of their rights and are supported in exercising
them.

Protection of Rights: In addition to recognition and promotion, Responsiveness to Rights

underscores the need to protect the rights of all individuals within the education system. This
involves implementing measures to prevent discrimination, ensure equal opportunities, and
address any violations of rights that may occur.

Basis for Education Initiatives: By prioritizing the recognition, promotion, and protection of
rights, this principle serves as the foundation for education initiatives. It guides the
development of policies, programs, and practices that are aligned with human rights principles
and aimed at creating an inclusive and equitable education system.

53. During a science experiment, a group of students becomes overly excited and starts
to behave disruptively, which could potentially compromise the safety of their
classmates and the success of the experiment.

As a school principal, what action aligns with your roles and responsibilities regarding
Positive Learner Discipline in this scenario?

A) Delegating the responsibility of addressing the disruptive behavior to the teacher in

charge of the class.
B) Personally intervening and disciplining the students involved, emphasizing the
seriousness of their behavior.
C) Providing support and guidance to the teacher on effective classroom management
strategies, emphasizing positive reinforcement and redirection.
D) Issuing a school memorandum outlining strict consequences for disruptive behavior
during experiments.

The correct answer is C.

54. A school is considering for additional Senior High School (SHS) offerings to
accommodate student preferences across different tracks. How should the principal
guide this decision-making process?

A) Additional SHS offerings should be based on current industry demands.

B) Consult with students, teachers, and industries (industry professionals) to gather
input.
C) Limit track options to minimize complexity in curriculum implementation.
D) Consult the SDO for guidance on additional SHS offerings to expedite the process.

The correct answer is B.

Consulting with stakeholders ensures that the additional SHS offerings consider diverse
perspectives, fostering student engagement and relevance to industry needs.

55. As a principal, you are reviewing the curriculum delivery at the school level to ensure
it aligns with the goals of developing 21st-century skills. Which of the following
statements best reflects the essence of the K to 12 program's objectives?

A) The curriculum focuses on academic achievements.

B) The curriculum emphasizes rote learning over critical thinking and innovation.
C) The curriculum aims to nurture learners who can adapt to the evolving needs of society.
D) The curriculum prioritizes theoretical knowledge.

The correct answer is C.

The K to 12 program aims to develop learners with 21st-century skills, including adaptability
to the changing needs of society. This aligns with the principal's responsibility to ensure the
curriculum prepares students for the challenges of the modern world.

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56. As a principal, you are tasked with ensuring that the school's curriculum is culturally
responsive to the needs and aspirations of the indigenous community it serves. How can
you ensure that the curriculum design aligns with the cultural values and practices of
the community?

A) Prioritize standardized teaching methods to ensure consistency.

B) Limit the curriculum to subjects that are universally applicable.
C) Develop assessment tools based on Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices.
D) Incorporate the community's expression of spirituality and IKSPs into the curriculum.

The correct answer is D.

Incorporating the community's expression of spirituality and IKSPs ensures that the
curriculum respects and reflects the cultural values and practices of the indigenous
community.

57. As the principal, you aim to establish effective mechanisms for dialogue and
partnership with indigenous communities to support curriculum implementation. What
should be your first step in this process?

A) Develop policies and guidelines considering community input.

B) Establish a framework in collaboration with indigenous communities.
C) Prioritize regional and national directives over community needs.
D) Implement curriculum changes by engaging curriculum experts.

The correct answer is B.

Establishing a framework in collaboration with indigenous communities ensures that the
dialogue and partnership are rooted in mutual respect and understanding of community needs
and aspirations.

58. A teacher expresses concern that some students seem disengaged during formative
assessments, affecting the validity of the results. How would you address this concern
as a principal?

A) Implement strict disciplinary measures to ensure student participation.

B) Offer professional development on engaging formative assessment techniques.
C) Mentor the teacher on effective classroom management strategies.
D) Review the formative assessments activities given by the teachers.

The correct answer is B.

Supporting teachers in addressing student engagement challenges is essential for promoting
effective assessment practices. Providing professional development on engaging formative
assessment techniques equips teachers with strategies to enhance student participation and
motivation. This approach fosters a positive learning environment, student empowerment, and
continuous improvement in assessment practices.

59. Which of the following provides for the correct concepts and steps of an instructional
process?

A) Before the Lesson, During the Lesson, After the Lesson

B) Motivation, Lesson Proper, and Evaluation
C) Diagnostic Activity, Learning Tasks, and Assessment
D) Planning Instruction, Delivery of Instruction, and Assessment of Learning

The correct answer is D.

60. A newly-hired teacher asks you about the required format for Detailed Lesson Plans.
What will you tell her based on DepEd guidelines?

A) Objectives, Subject Matter, Procedure, Evaluation, and Assignment

B) Objectives, Content, Learning Resources, Procedures, Remarks, and Reflection
C) Title of the Lesson, Objectives, Subject Matter, Procedure, Assignment/Homework
D) Title of the Lesson, Date, Objectives, Subject Matter, References and Materials,
Methodology, Assignment

The correct answer is B.

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