PIONEERS, PANTHEISTS, AND PROGRESSIVES:

A. F. BALLENGER AND DIVERGENT PATHS TO THE SANCTUARY

By B e r t H a l o v i a k

Assistant Director
O f f i c e of A r c h i v e s and S t a t i s t i c s

Materials used i n t h i s p a p e r have been drawn from

p u b l i s h e d and u n p u b l i s h e d s o u r c e s housed i n t h e
A r c h i v e s of t h e G e n e r a l Conference and a t t h e White
Estate.

J u n e , 1980

O f f i c e o f A r c h i v e s and S t a t i s t i c s

G e n e r a l Conference of Seventh-day A d v e n t i s t s

Washington, D.C.
 INTRODUCTION

I n 1898, d u r i n g h i s campmeeting e f f o r t s i n b e h a l f of t h e churchwide emphasis

"Receive ye t h e Holy Ghost," A. F. B a l l e n g e r wrote and set t o music t h e f o l l o w i n g :

' T i s a g l o r i o u s time f o r t h e church today;

For t h e trump a g a i n h a s blown;
And t h e h o s t s of God, by t h e P i l l a r l e d ,
Move on t o t h e i r promised home;
And t h e Holy Ghost i n t h e ' l a t t e r r a i n , '
With h i s peace and joy and power,
O'er t h e church now f a l l s w i t h r e f r e s h i n g f l o o d s ,
L i k e a g l o r i o u s summer shower. 1

On May 24, 1905, E l l e n White gave B a l l e n g e r a testimony t h a t , among o t h e r

t h i n g s , urged him t o " t a k e heed how you m y s t i f y t h e g o s p e l . " An examination of

t h e c o n t e x t of t h a t May 24 testimony i s t h e primary aim of t h i s p a p e r . 2

I n a t t e m p t i n g t o o u t l i n e t h e c e n t r a l s t r a n d s of denominational thought between

1897 and 1911, t h e w r i t e r h a s r a t h e r l o o s e l y used such terms a s " p a n t h e i s t i c , "

"mystical," " s p i r i t u a l i s t i c , " e t c . A p r e c i s e t h e o l o g i c a l d e f i n i t i o n i s unnecessary,

I

a i n t h e writer's o p i n i o n , f o r t h e purposes i n which they a r e used.

t h o s e terms, Mrs. White d i d n o t depend upon t h e i r p r e c i s e t h e o l o g i c a l meaning.

I n h e r use of

An examination of t h e background t o t h e E l l e n White s t a t e m e n t s concerning

B a l l e n g e r r e v e a l s t h r e e major movements w i t h i n t h e denomination t h a t may b e

l o o s e l y l a b e l e d " p a n t h e i s t , " "pioneer," and " p r o g r e s s i v e , " n o t s o much f o r

e v a l u a t i v e purposes, b u t r a t h e r as l a b e l s t o i d e n t i f y t h e "paths" followed by

t h o s e groups. While c e r t a i n denominational l e a d e r s a s W. W. P r e s c o t t and o t h e r s

might have moved from one group t o a n o t h e r over a p e r i o d of t i m e , t h e l i n e s w i t h i n

each camp were f a i r l y w e l l d e f i n e d .

(1) The p i o n e e r s , i n g e n e r a l , were t h o s e m i n i s t e r s and l e a d e r s who emphasized

as c e n t r a l , such fundamental denominational t e a c h i n g s a s R e v e l a t i o n 14, t h e Sabbath,

and t h e p r o p h e c i e s . They were r e l a t i v e l y i n f l e x i b l e toward t h e o l o g i c a l v a r i a t i o n s and

a p p l i e d t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy w r i t i n g s q u i t e l i t e r a l l y .

0 ( 2 ) The group t h a t became t h e p a n t h e i s t s sprang l a r g e l y from t h o s e who i n

1888 t o 1890 would have been termed p r o g r e s s i v e . By 1897 t h i s group was t e a c h i n g

concepts t h a t were s t r o n g l y t i n g e d w i t h pantheism and t h a t seemed t o n u l l i f y t h e

fundamental t e a c h i n g s of t h e church. I n i t i a l l y t h e p a n t h e i s t s were a l s o l i t e r a l i s t i c

i n t h e i r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy, and i n t h e i r l i t e r a l i s m ,

b e l i e v e d t h e w r i t i n g s of Mrs. White s u p p o r t e d t h e i r p o s i t i o n s . This f a c t o r l e d t o

a c l o s e a t t a c h m e n t between t h e p i o n e e r s and t h e p a n t h e i s t s a t t i m e s . A f t e r Mrs.

White s t r o n g l y condemned t h e i r p o s i t i o n s , t h e p a n t h e i s t s e v e n t u a l l y completely

d i s c a r d e d and worked a g a i n s t t h e w r i t i n g s . I n t h e i r s t r e s s upon t h e i n d w e l l i n g

of t h e Holy S p i r i t , t h e p a n t h e i s t s came t o b e l i e v e t h a t each i n d i v i d u a l would

e v e n t u a l l y p o s s e s s t h e s p i r i t of prophecy. This a l s o l e d t o a negative a t t i t u d e

toward denominational o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n c e , i n t h e i r mind, s t r o n g o r g a n i z a t i o n would

i n h i b i t t h e workings of t h e Holy S p i r i t .

( 3 ) The p r o g r e s s i v e s , coming t o t h e f o r e f r o n t i n 1901, were s t r o n g on t h e

fundamentals, f l e x i b l e on t h e o l o g i c a l i n s i g h t s , s t r o n g on o r g a n i z a t i o n and

n o n l i t e r a l i s t i c r e g a r d i n g t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy.

The r e a d e r should r e a l i z e t h a t t h e s p e c i a l terms used h e r e a r e i n t e n d e d o n l y

t o p r o v i d e a broad g e n e r a l i z a t i o n about 15 y e a r s of denominational h i s t o r y .

Within t h i s p e r i o d no group took a pre-eminent p o s i t i o n o r m a i n t a i n e d a monopoly

on t r u t h . It should a l s o be recognized t h a t a l l of t h e groups c o n t a i n e d members

who would e v e n t u a l l y l e a v e t h e church. The p a n t h e i s t s , however, h e l d such a v i t a l

e r r o r , t h a t t h e i r t e a c h i n g , when developed, c o u l d have s h a t t e r e d t h e denomination

and n u l l i f i e d i t s c e n t r a l message.

'IRECEIVE YE THE HOLY GHOST"

I n l a t e 1898, G. A. I r w i n , p r e s i d e n t of t h e General Conference, d e s c r i b e d t h e

campmeetings c u r r e n t l y b e i n g h e l d w i t h i n t h e United S t a t e s t o E. G . White, who

was t h e n i n A u s t r a l i a . I n n o t i n g t h e "unusual d e g r e e o f t h e S p i r i t and b l e s s i n g

of t h e Lord," I r w i n informed Mrs. White t h a t t h e "most s p i r i t u a l l y - m i n d e d " leaders

were s e n t t o conduct t h e meetings. Those s p e c i f i c a l l y named were: Mrs. S. M. I .

Henry, A . F. B a l l e s g e r , William S a d l e r , and J . A. Brunson. Within a decade, t h r e e of a

 3

t h e f o u r would b e a c t i v e l y working a g a i n s t t h e church. Others a c t i v e l y involved

i n t h e "Receive ye t h e Holy Ghost" movement would l i k e w i s e l e a v e and work a g a i n s t

t h e church. Those who l e f t were regarded a s t h e most dynamic p r e a c h e r s and l e a d e r s

w i t h i n t h e church. They i n c l u d e d : A. T. Jones, E. J . Waggoner, J . H. Kellogg,

J. W. S c o l e s , William Hutchinson, Harry Champness, A. R . Leask, William Robinson,

G. C. Tenney, L. A. Phippeny, R. S. Donnell, S . S . Davis, J . A. L. Derby, E. J .

Dryer, I r v i n g Keck, L. H. C r i s l e r , M. E. Kellogg, G . E. ~ i f i e l d . ~

The message was born o u t of t h e "prolonged" d e b a t e over t h e acceptance of t h e

j u s t i f i c a t i o n by f a i t h message of 1888 and t h e c o n v i c t i o n t h a t , a f t e r t h e a c c e p t a n c e

of r i g h t e o u s n e s s , t h e Lord would pour o u t H i s S p i r i t t o e n a b l e t h e f i n i s h i n g of

t h e work and t h e r e t u r n of J e s u s . That theme occupied a c e n t r a l p o s i t i o n i n t h e

-
Review and Herald, a s w e l l a s t h e campmeetings d u r i n g 1897 t o 1899, and was l e d

p r i m a r i l y by A . T. J o n e s , recently-named e d i t o r of t h e Review, and A. F. B a l l e n g e r .

A s e d i t o r , Jones concluded p r a c t i c a l l y every e d i t o r i a l f o r over a y e a r w i t h t h e

a words "Receive ye t h e Holy Ghost.'' A s a r e v i v a l i s t Ballenger t r a v e l e d from church

t o church and campmeeting t o campmeeting preaching t h a t same theme.

By 1897 Jones had added a s i g n i f i c a n t i n g r e d i e n t t o t h e message, one t h a t seemed

t o have t h e p o t e n t i s b of u n i t i n g t h e medical and m i n i s t e r i a l elements of t h e church.

Those elements had been a n t a g o n i s t i c t o each o t h e r f o r some time:

P e r f e c t h o l i n e s s embraces t h e f l e s h a s w e l l a s t h e s p i r i t ; i t i n c l u d e s t h e
body a s w e l l a s t h e s o u l . T h e r e f o r e , a s p e r f e c t h o l i n e s s can n o t b e a t t a i n e d
w i t h o u t h o l i n e s s of body, and a s h o l i n e s s of body i s expressed i n t h e word
...
" h e a l t h , " s o p e r f e c t h o l i n e s s can n o t b e a t t a i n e d w i t h o u t h e a l t h . Do you
n o t s e e by a l l t h i s t h a t i n t h e p r i n c i p l e s of h e a l t h f o r t h e body and r i g h t e o u s -
n e s s f o r t h e s o u l , b o t h inwrought by t h e Holy S p i r i t of God, t h e Lord i s
p r e p a r i n g a people u n t o p e r f e c t h o l i n e s s , s o t h a t they can meet t h e Lord i n
peace, and s e e him i n h o l i n e s s ?

The connection of h e a l t h reform w i t h t h e i n d w e l l i n g of t h e Holy S p i r i t was

c o n s i s t e n t l y emphasized i n t h e Review between 1897 and 1900.

A s d i d o t h e r s who preached t h e Holy Ghost message, B a l l e n g e r c o n s i d e r e d t h a t

message t h e c u l m i n a t i o n of t h e 1888 emphasis. A s d i d t h e o t h e r s , he seemed t o

a e x h i b i t a n e g a t i v e a t t i t u d e toward t h o s e l e a d e r s who h e b e l i e v e d i n h i b i t e d t h e
a c c e p t a n c e of t h a t message. He emphasized t h a t t h e Holy S p i r i t had begun t o be

poured o u t a t t h e 1893 GC s e s s i o n , b u t t h a t c e r t a i n l e a d e r s had l a b e l e d t h e move-

ment a s f a n a t i c i s m and t h e r e b y h i n d e r e d t h e work designed f o r t h a t t i m e . He noted

i n 1897, however, t h a t t h e r e c e p t i o n of t h e Holy S p i r i t was t h e n p r e s e n t t r u t h .

Righteousness by f a i t h , a c c o r d i n g t o B a l l e n g e r , "was g i v e n us of God t o s t o p o u r

sinning. Let no man s a y t h a t he h a s r e c e i v e d r i g h t e o u s n e s s by f a i t h u n t i l he h a s

stopped s i n n i n g . " H e continued: "We a r e i n t h e time of t h e l a t t e r r a i n , b u t t h e

outpouring of t h e S p i r i t i s w i t h h e l d because of our s i n s . " H e summarized h i s concept

a s follows: "Something t o t e l l ; power t o t e l l i t . Righteousness by f a i t h f u r n i s h e s

a man something t o t e l l ; and t h e baptism of t h e Holy S p i r i t f u r n i s h e s him power t o

t e l l i t i n a mighty power t o t h e world. " 6

B a l l e n g e r emphasized t h a t , j u s t a s C h r i s t c l e a n s e d t h e temple b e f o r e he c o u l d

perform m i r a c l e s , s o mu@ t h e church m i n i s t r y and membership b e purged from t h e i r

s i n s b e f o r e t h e power of God could come upon t h e church. He urged i n d i v i d u a l s t o

s e e k t h e c l e a n s i n g of themselves from s i n and t h e n t h e power t o w i t n e s s a g a i n s t t h e

"uncleanness of t h e church." He noted:

I must have a c l e a n church t o i n v i t e t h e people i n t o , b e f o r e I can s t a n d

b e f o r e t h e people t o g i v e t h e loud c r y i n a l l i t s g l o r y . ...
The world i s
w a i t i n g f o r us t o g e t t h e v i c t o r y . We want power f o r w i t n e s s i n g . ...
I f t h e Lord s h o u l d g i v e you tremendous w i t n e s s i n g power b e f o r e t h a t b e s e t t i n g
s i n w a s r o o t e d o u t , you would become a tremendous w i t n e s s a g a i n s t God by
t h a t f a i l u r e i n your l i f e .

B a l l e n g e r b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e t i m e had come t o "get an e x p e r i e n c e s o f a r beyond t h e

e x p e r i e n c e of 1844 a s t o e c l i p s e t h a t p e r i o d w i t h t h e f u l n e s s of t h e loud cry."7

H e p r e s e n t e d h i s concept of t h e Holy Ghost message i n f i v e e s s e n t i a l s t e p s :

F i r s t , r e p e n t a n c e of s i n ; second a c l a i m i n g of pardon, o r t h e imputed r i g h t e o u s -

n e s s of God by f a i t h ; t h i r d , t h e c l a i m i n g of t h e keeping power of God, o r
imparted righteousness by f a i t h ; f o u r t h , t h e c l a i m i n g of " t h e promise of t h e
S p i r i t through f a i t h ; " f i f t h , t h e c l a i m i n g of t h e g i f t of h e a l i n g by f a i t h .

According t o B a l l e n g e r " p h y s i c a l h e a l i n g i s now p r e s e n t t r u t h t o Seventh-day

A d v e n t i s t s , b u t o n l y t o t h o s e who w i l l g i v e t h e Lord t h e g l o r y . " H e urged t h e

church t o " c l e a r t h e King's highway" of s i n s s o t h a t " s i g n s and wonders may be

done by t h e name of h i s h o l y c h i l d J e s u s . " C o n s i s t e n t r e p o r t s of p h y s i c a l h e a l i n g s

 accompanied t h e r e p o r t s from t h o s e campmeetings where A . F . Ballenger preached. 8

a The t h e o l o g i c a l b a s e f o r B a l l e n g e r ' s concept of p h y s i c a l h e a l i n g i s of v i t a l

concern because of i t s r e l a t i o n s h i p t o h i s l a t e r s a n c t u a r y t e a c h i n g . H i s concept

of t h e atonement i n c l u d e d more t h a n C h r i s t b e a r i n g t h e s i n s of t h e world i n i t s

behalf. It l i k e w i s e i n c l u d e d , f o r B a l l e n g e r , C h r i s t b e a r i n g t h e p h y s i c a l i l l n e s s e s

of t h e world upon t h e Cross. He s t a t e d :

It i s c l e a r t h a t o u r Lord took o u r i n f i r m i t i e s and b a r e o u r s i c k n e s s e s that

we might n o t have t o b e a r them--that we might b e loosed from them--that they
might d e p a r t from us. J e s u s b o r e them, t h e r e f o r e , t h a t He might b e a r them
away from u s , t h a t we might b e a r them no more. A l l t h i s proves t h a t t h e Gospel
i n c l u d e s s a l v a t i o n from s i c k n e s s a s w e l l a s s a l v a t i o n from s i n . ...
Does
n o t t h e s u r p r i s e m a n i f e s t e d over m i r a c l e s of h e a l i n g show a l a c k of appre-
c i a t i o n of t h e m i r a c l e of t h e new b i r t h , and a d i s p o s i t i o n t o t r a n s p o s e i t
from t h e realm of t h e miraculous t o t h e s p h e r e of t h e n a t u r a l ?

To confirm h i s p o i n t B a l l e n g e r spoke of t h e time when he himself lacked f a i t h i n

physical healings. A t t h e same time, h e n o t e d , he "had n o t experienced God's

miraculous s a v i n g power." When h e had experienced t h e l a t t e r , B a l l e n g e r a f f i r m e d ,

h e immediately o b t a i n e d " f a i t h i n God's power t o h e a l t h e s i c k . " He reasoned t h a t

0 i t r e q u i r e d no g r e a t e r m i r a c l e f o r God t o s a v e him from s i n s and keep him from

f a l l i n g than t o h e a l p h y s i c a l i l l s . He continued:

Thus a r o s e my f a i t h i n God's h e a l i n g power f o r t h e body. And a s I r e c e i v e d

i t , s o must I walk i n i t . I f t h e r e comes a shadow of a f a i l u r e i n my p e r s o n a l
e x p e r i e n c e touching my s a l v a t i o n from s i n n i n g , t h e r e i s a corresponding f a i l u r e
i n my f a i t h and p r a c t i s e concerning t h e h e a l i n g of t h e s i c k .

B a l l e n g e r noted t h a t h i s f a i t h was anchored " w i t h i n t h e v e i l . " 9

That t e a c h i n g was r e a s s e r t e d by B a l l e n g e r i n h i s book Power f o r Witnessing,

p u b l i s h e d i n 1900. He s t r e s s e d t h a t anyone who could b e l i e v e i n t h e r e s u r r e c t i o n

of t h e body, could r e a d i l y b e l i e v e i n t h e h e a l i n g of t h e body, "which i s only

a k i n d of f i r s t - f r u i t s , o r p a r t payment, of t h e promised redemption of our body."

He continued :

Thus do t h e S c r i p t u r e s t e a c h t h a t He b o r e o u r s i n s t h a t we might n o t b e a r
them. ... T h i s i s t h e b l e s s e d t r u t h which we t e a c h t h e s i n n e r when he
comes t o u s s e e k i n g s a l v a t i o n from s i n . Why d i d He t a k e our i n f i r m i t i e s and
b e a r our s i c k n e s s e s ? ... It i s c l e a r t h a t o u r Lord took o u r i n f i r m i t i e s
and b a r e o u r s i c k n e s s e s t h a t we might n o t have t o b e a r them; t h a t we might
b e loosed from them; t h a t they might d e p a r t from u s . J e s u s b o r e them t h e r e -
f o r e , t h a t He might b e a r them away from u s , t h a t we might b e a r them no more.
 A l l t h i s proves t h a t t h e g o s p e l i n c l u d e s s a l v a t i o n from s i c k n e s s a s w e l l a s
s a l v a t i o n from s i n . 10

It seems very p o s s i b l e t h a t Mrs. White, i n 1905, would r e a c t n e g a t i v e l y t o t h e

S c r i p t u r a l b a s e f o r t h i s concept of t h e atonement when B a l l e n g e r p r e s e n t e d h i s

s a n c t u a r y views a t t h e 1905 GC s e s s i o n ,

Soon t h e r e were h i n t s o f d i v e r g i n g p a t h s w i t h t h o s e l e a d e r s of t h e Holy Ghost

movement who seemed t o b e moving toward pantheismland t h e p i o n e e r s . George Irwin

f r e q u e n t l y w r o t e t o Mrs. White concerning h i s f e a r s about t h e i n f l u e n c e s t h a t t o

him seemed t o b e becoming s u b v e r s i v e of t h e fundamental t e a c h i n g s of t h e church.

D r . J. H. Kellogg seemed t o be moving i n c r e a s i n g l y away from t e a c h i n g t h a t could

be termed "denominational." I r w i n n o t i c e d t h a t such younger d o c t o r s a s David

Paulson, D . H. Kress, and Howard Rand, and m i n i s t e r s such a s W. W. P r e s c o t t ,

E. J . Waggoner, and A. T. Jones, were "running a l o n g extreme l i n e s a l s o . " He t o l d

Mrs. White, "I f e e l more and more t o thank God f o r t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy; f o r i t

i s o u r rudder t h a t w i l l g u i d e u s s a f e l y over t h e s h o a l s and b r e a k e r s t h a t a r e

b e f o r e us." I r w i n became s o concerned over t h e d i v e r g i n g p a t h s t h a t h e urged i t

a s a v i t a l n e c e s s i t y t h a t Mrs. White r e t u r n t o t h e United S t a t e s from A u s t r a l i a .

He pleaded:

I t h i n k you w i l l f u l l y a p p r e c i a t e t h e f a c t t h a t we h e r e a r e i n a measure power-

less t o turn the t i d e w i t h o u t your p e r s o n a l p r e s e n c e ; and b e l i e v i n g t h i s t o
be t r u e , I again u r g e , f o r t h e s a k e of t h e cause of God i n g e n e r a l , and f o r
t h e s a k e of some s o u l s who are l i a b l e t o l o s e t h e i r h o l d on God and become
l o s t i n the m i s t and f o g , t h a t you come t o t h i s country a t t h e e a r l i e s t p o s s i b l e
moment a f t e r you receive t h i s l e t t e r .

I r w i n t u r n e d t o t h e p i o n e e r s t o r e s t o r e t h e fundamentals. He noted t h a t Stephen

H a s k e l l i n h i s work brought o u t t h e " g r e a t u n d e r l y i n g p r i n c i p l e s of t h e message,

which exploded many e r r o r s and b e l i e f s t h a t have been g a i n i n g a f o o t h o l d i n t h e

minds of some." He w r o t e Mrs. White t h a t aske ell's p r e a c h i n g "on t h e r i g h t

l i n e s i n which t h e message should b e c a r r i e d , and h i s e f f e c t u a l way of showing

from t h e Word t h e f a l l a c y of t h e many e r r o r s t h a t have been c r e e p i n g i n , i s a l l

having a good e f f e c t . " He noted t h a t elements were coming i n t o t h e church t h a t

Haekell and J . N. Loughborough could combat because of t h e i r p r e v i o u s e x p e r i e n c e

 i n d e a l i n g w i t h f a n a t i c i s m . 12

a Review Herald a r t i c l e s by S. N . H a s k e l l , R. A. Underwood and J . N .

Loughborough, emphasizing t h e p e r s o n a l i t y of t h e Holy S p i r i t and d e p i c t i n g e a r l i e r

f a n a t i c a l movements w i t h i n t h e church, seemed designed t o e x h i b i t a p i o n e e r r e a c t i o n

t o t h e developing p a n t h e i s t i c t e a c h i n g s . Even A . T. Jones observed:

I am a f r a i d t h a t t h e r e has been a tendency t o go o v e r t o t h e o t h e r end

now, and preach t h e f a i t h of J e s u s w i t h t t h e commandments. We must guard
o u r s e l v e s a g a i n s t such a t h i n g a s t h a t .PY
I n t h e n e x t a d m i n i s t r a t i o n b o t h W. A . S p i c e r , s e c r e t a r y of t h e General Conference,

and A. G. D a n i e l l s , p r e s i d e n t , observed t h a t I r w i n had s p e n t c o n s i d e r a b l e t o i l

" f a c i n g t h e mystery" of a developing apostasy.14

Throughout t h e 1890s, Mrs. White warned a g a i n s t t h e m y s t i c a l , s p i r i t u a l i s t i c

t h e o r i e s t h a t s h e saw e n t e r i n g t h e church. She wrote:

C h r i s t h a s g i v e n many warnings t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t f a l s e d o c t r i n e s , f a l s e
p r o p h e t s and f a l s e c h r i s t s would a r i s e , and d e c e i v e many. From t h e l i g h t
t h a t God h a s been p l e a s e d t o g i v e m e , h i s humble s e r v a n t , I know t h a t t h e s e
p r o p h e c i e s have been f u l f i l l i n g , and t e s t i m o n i e s have n o t been few t h a t have
been g i v e n t o meet t h e s e t h i n g s a s they have come up a l l a l o n g through o u r
r e l i g i o u s experience. Great d e l u s i o n s w i l l a r i s e , and "even of your own
s e l v e s s h a l l men a r i s e , speaking p e r v e r s e t h i n g s t o draw away d i s c i p l e s
a f t e r them. "

She warned h e r s o n , James Edson White, about p r o f e s s e d " i n t e r p r e t e r s of t h e word

of God" who m y s t i f i e d t h e " s p i r i t u a l import of t h e s a c r e d gospel" and t h u s covered

up t h e t r u t h . She noted: "We need n o t go o u t s i d e of o u r own r a n k s t o s e e t h e

deep p l o t t i n g s of Satan. He is working through some of o u r own number, and they

are d e c e i v i n g t h e people. 1115

Mrs. White seemed t o summarize t h e major developments w i t h i n t h e church i n

t h e decade of t h e 1890s, and a l s o t h e v a r y i n g a l i g n m e n t s when s h e wrote t h e f o l l o w i n g

t o J. H. Kellogg i n 1898:

Some who r e a d t h e word c a t c h a t i d e a s which they suppose g i v e them g r e a t l i g h t .

They p r e s e n t t h i s supposed l i g h t a s t r u t h , b u t a s they have not r e a l l y s t u d i e d
t h e word as some have done, they w i l l , f u l l of a r d o r and z e a l , p r e s e n t t h e o r i e s
which, i f r e c e i v e d , w i l l counterwork t h e e f f o r t s which have been p u t f o r t h
s i n c e 1844 t o g i v e the people of God a connected c h a i n of t r u t h . They do n o t
know what t h e y a r e doing, b u t they d i s t u r b t h o s e who suppose they have a s o l i d
foundation. These c r a v e f o r new i d e a s and s u p p o s i t i o n s , which m a r t h e
symmetrical development of c h a r a c t e r . Under t h e i n f l u e n c e of t h e Holy S p i r i t ,
 those with this enthusiastic temperament would be enabled to do the highest
service. The quickening influence of the life in their message would give
character to the work, and advance it, diffusing the grace and spirit of truth
in all its lines. But let such a one put his whole mind upon some idea which
is not correct, and deformity rather than symmetry is developed.

She urged the church:

In the work at our campmeetings we should give prominence to the truths of

the Third Angel's Message. We are in danger of giving this message in so
indefinite a manner that it does not impress the people. ...The trumpet is
to give a certain sound. Lift up the standard, the commandments of God and
the faith of Jesus. Make this the important theme. Then by strong arguments
wall it in, and make it of still greater force. Dwell more on the Revelation.
Read, explain, and enforce its teachings. l6

Ballenger's campmeeting appointments included Indiana in both 1897 and 1898.

In reflecting upon his 1898 meeting in Indiana, he observed:

At the Indiana meeting, between thirty and forty from the city arose for
prayer. As I stood there that Sunday afternoon, and called the people of
the world and other churches to repentance, and saw them forced to their feet
by the power of God, I thought, What power will be manifested when God's
people are clean! When I am conscious that I am not clean, I can not preach
with power, neither can I preach with "unwonted power" when I know that my
people are not clean. Cleanse the Seventh-day Adventist Church of all un-
cleanness, and I will promise the loudest cry of the loud cry the same day.

Among those impressed with Ballenger's messages were the conference president,

R. S. Donnell, and one of its leading ministers, S. S. Davis, both of whom were to

become the leaders in what was called the "Holy Flesh" teaching. 17

Although a few years later the Indiana apostasy in its outworkings seemed at

war with the fundamental teachings of Adventism, the core error seemed to escape

detection. A. J. Breed, president of District No. 6, which included Indiana, noted:

I could see nothing especially in it more than simply Justification by Faith,

put in another way. It is not so much of what they are preaching as the way
they are doing it.

Breed noted that the entire group at the campmeeting he attended in 1900 seemed in

harmony with the teaching. He observed that as far as the teaching went his only

complaint was that none of the fundamental teachings of Adventism were prominent.18

The fact that pantheistic teaching had been so widely accepted within the

denomination by the late 1890s hindered Breed from detecting its fundamental error.
 Stephen H a s k e l l , upon r e t u r n i n g from an o v e r s e a s t r i p i n 1899, was shocked a t

0 some of t h e "queer d o c t r i n e s preached by some of t h e l e a d i n g m i n i s t e r s of t h e

r i s i n g g e n e r a t i o n " and w a s f u r t h e r shocked t h a t q u o t a t i o n s from t h e B i b l e and

t e s t i m o n i e s would b e given i n a p p a r e n t s u p p o r t of t h o s e t e a c h i n g s . Haskell's

o b s e r v a t i o n s p r e s e n t a c o l o r f u l , b u t t r a g i c p i c t u r e of t h e consequence of a f a l s e

concept of t h e atonement. H i s d i s t i n c t i v e grammar is r e t a i n e d i n t h e following

d e s c r i p t i o n r t o Mrs. White:

Some of t h e s t r a n g e s t d o c t r i n e s I have heard is t h e S e a l of God cannot b e

p l a c e d on any person of Grey H a i r s , o r any deformed p e r s o n , f o r i n t h e c l o s i n g
work w e would reach a s t a t e of p e r f e c t i o n , both p h y s i c a l l y and s p i r i t u a l ,
where we would b e h e a l e d from a l l p h y s i c a l deformity and t h e n could n o t d i e ,
e t c . I s a i d t o Brother Breed and a l s o t o t h e b r e t h r e n i n r e p l y t h a t I expected
t h e n e x t I would h e a r we could g e t a new s e t of t e e t h i n t h i s l i f e , e t c .
Well Bro. Breed s a i d t h a t was preached by some. A f t e r B r o t h e r Warren had
preached t h i s h e had i n a t e n t a l l t h a t was s i c k and deformed t o meet and
they would c o n s u l t a s t o what t o do. One woman s a i d how convincing i t would
b e t o h e r f r i e n d s t o s e e h e r r e t u r n home with h e r h a i r s a l l r e s t o r e d and
b e l i e v e d i t would b e soon. She wept a s s h e spoke. Another deaf man i n one
e a r s a i d t h e h e a r i n g was r e t u r n i n g back even then. So a n hour o r two was
s p e n t i n t e s t i m o n i e s of l i k e n a t u r e . I was a s t o n i s h e d a t t h e s i g h t and more
a s t o n i s h e d t h a t such preaching should have any e f f e c t on t h e people. And
s t i l l more a s t o n i s h e d t o h e a r such preaching from a m i n i s t e r of such r e p u t e
and from one t h a t s t o o d a t t h e head of a mission. ...
I n t h e morning I a r o s e e a r l y and g o t t o g e t h e r a l l of t h e b r e t h r e n and s i s t e r s ,
m i n i s t e r s i n c l u d e d , and r e a d a testimony you s e n t me s e v e r a l y e a r s ago a t t h e
time B r e t h r e n Jones and Waggoner was c a r r y i n g t h e praying f o r t h e s i c k t o
an extreme and i t f u l l y d e s c r i b e d t h e meeting of t h e s i c k we had t h e n i g h t
before. W e t o l d them of t h e n a t u r e of t h e t e s t i m o n i e s how i t had e v e r come
...
t o c o r r e c t e r r o r s and s u p p r e s s f a n a t i c i s m , e t c .

I then sought a p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w w i t h Brother Warren and h e s a i d t h e lead-

i n g m i n i s t e r s , t e a c h e r s and d o c t o r s b e l i e v e d i t . I t o l d him t h a t made no
d i f f e r e n c e w i t h me i f every body b e l i e v e d i t . Well t h i s i s only a sample of
what i s going around h e r e . I have had much freedom i n speaking. But t h e
t r u t h i s t h e r e i s l i g h t which i s g r e a t l y p e r v e r t e d .

It seems s i g n i f i c a n t t o n o t e t h a t H a s k e l l w a s d e s c r i b i n g meetings h e l d i n B a t t l e

Creek. It l i k e w i s e seems s i g n i f i c a n t t h a t B a l l e n g e r was s h o r t l y a s s i g n e d t o work

w i t h Stephen H a s k e l l i n h i s campmeeting assignments. 19

Mrs. White responded t o H a s k e l l ' s d e s c r i p t i o n by n o t i n g that such t e a c h e r s

"having l o s t t h e grand t r u t h s of t h e Word of God, which c e n t e r i n t h e t h i r d

a n g e l ' s message" had s u p p l i e d t h o s e t r u t h s w i t h " f a b l e s .

I' She continued :
 Those who p r e s e n t t h e i d e a t h a t t h e b l i n d , t h e d e a f , t h e lame, t h e deformed,
w i l l n o t r e c e i v e t h e s e a l of God, a r e n o t speaking words g i v e n them by t h e
Holy S p i r i t . ... No one i s t o p u t t r u t h t o t h e t o r t u r e by cheap imaginings,
by p u t t i n g a f o r c e d , m y s t i c a l c o n s t r u c t i o n upon t h e word. ...
They a r e
s t a r t i n g i n a c o u r s e which w i l l l e a d t o t h e g r e a t e s t , most God-dishonoring
fanaticism. ... The i d e a t h a t persons who a r e deformed must b e h e a l e d i n
o r d e r t o b e saved i s a f a b l e o r i g i n a t e d by some one who needs inward c l e a n s i n g
b e f o r e he can r e c e i v e t h e s e a l of God. I n t h e g r e a t day of God a l l who a r e
f a i t h f u l and t r u e w i l l r e c e i v e t h e h e a l i n g touch of t h e d i v i n e Redeemer.
The L i f e g i v e r w i l l remove every d e f o r m i t y , and w i l l g i v e them e t e r n a l l i f e . 20

Mrs. White l a t e r q u e s t i o n e d t h e t h r u s t of t h e e n t i r e Holy Ghost movement. She

wrote Haskell t h e next year: "Much i s b e i n g s a i d r e g a r d i n g t h e i m p a r t a t i o n of t h e

Holy S p i r i t , and by some t h i s i s b e i n g s o i n t e r p r e t e d t h a t i t i s an i n j u r y t o t h e

churches. " She a l s o wrote:

My b r o t h e r , t h e r e i s danger of t h o s e i n our r a n k s making a m i s t a k e i n r e g a r d

t o r e c e i v i n g t h e Holy Ghost. Many suppose a n emotion of a r a p t u r e of f e e l i n g
t o b e a n evidence of t h e presence of t h e Holy S p i r i t .

Mrs. White l i k e w i s e saw t h e movement a s s u b v e r t i n g t h e fundamentals and r e l a t e d i t

t o p a s t f a n a t i c a l movements w i t h i n t h e church. 2 1

The c o r e of R . 9 . D o n n e l l ' s t e a c h i n g , i n t h i s w r i t e r ' s o p i n i o n , i s s i m i l a r t o

t h a t found i n B a l l e n g e r and o t h e r s : a m i s a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e b e n e f i t s of t h e

atonement. Donnell, a s d i d B a l l e n g e r , a p p l i e d t o t h i s l i f e t h a t which i s r e s e r v e d

for the future l i f e . Donnell t a u g h t t h a t a t conversion both t h e mind and t h e body

were f u l l y c l e a n s e d and brought back t o t h e c o n d i t i o n of man b e f o r e t h e f a l l , "so f a r

a s i t s l i f e o r a c t i o n s a r e concerned." He n o t e d :

I teach t h a t t h o s e who f u l l y a p p r o p r i a t e t h e power of t h e Gospel of C h r i s t

need n o t t o d i e . ... A s t o what men might have a t t a i n e d unto i n t h e p a s t ,
my burden does n o t r e s t . Now i s t h e time f o r t h e Laodicean o r c l e a n s i n g message,
and t h e g a t h e r i n g o u t of t h o s e who a r e t o b e t r a n s l a t e d when J e s u s comes. 22

Although Donnell sought t o b o l s t e r t h i s t e a c h i n g by a l i t e r a l i s t i c a p p l i c a t i o n

of E l l e n White w r i t i n g s , s h e n e i t h e r a d d r e s s e d h e r s e l f t o h i s s p e c i f i c t h e o l o g i c a l

underpinnings nor t o a thorough e x p o s i t i o n of h i s e r r o r . The testimony he r e c e i v e d

a t t h e 1901 GC s e s s i o n , however, c o n t a i n e d s u f f i c i e n t i n f o r m a t i o n t o r e v e a l h i s

e r r o r had h e g i v e n i t c l o s e examination. However, a s d i d most of t h e o t h e r s who

followed f a l s e p a t h s , h e a p p a r e n t l y never renounced h i s erroneous t e a c h i n g . Mrs.

White informed t h e I n d i a n a l e a d e r s :
. 11

When human beings receive holy flesh, they will not remain on the earth, but
will be taken to heaven. While sin is forgiven in this life, its results
are not now wholly removed. It is at his coming that Christ is to "change
0 our vile body." ...When Christ shall come with a great sound of a trumpet,
and shall call the dead from their prison house, then the saints will receive
.
holy flesh 23

Rather significantly, in this testimony Mrs. White alluded to previous fanatical

movements within the church all of which seemed to claim full sanctification and

the present application of benefits not to be received until the return of Jesus.

She also noted:

These things bring a reproach upon the cause of truth, and hinder the procla-
mation of the last message of mercy to the world. ... Many such movements
will arise at this time, when the ~ord'swork should stand elevated, pure,
unadulterated with superstition and fables.24

ENGLAND, 190 1- 1905

In 1903 E. J. Waggoner attended a farewell gathering held in his honor as he

prepared to leave England after 12 years of service. Among the items presented to

him as a farewell gift was a nine volume set of "Quain's Anatomy," designed to

0 facilitate Waggoner's medical studies that he intended to continue in ~attle

Creek. Events leading to the departure of Waggoner from England, however, were not

as harmonious as the farewell gathering. While representatives of diverging paths

came into conflict within the United States, the confrontation was likewise severe

in England where A. F. Ballenger was asked to serve in 1901. 25

Waggoner edited the British Present Truth during his entire term in England.

A glimpse of some of his writings between 1902 and 1903 affords insight into the

nature of the confrontation.

Waggoner, as did Ballenger, taught that the power by which a person received

forgiveness of sins was the same power that healed disease. Waggoner asserted:

As long as we may expect forgiveness of sins, we may likewise expect healing

of disease, and as there is no sin too great to be forgiven, so there is no
disease that we may not ask Him to heal, with confidence that He will do it.
... In the forgiveness of our sins by the life which we lay hold of by
faith, we have the healing of all our diseases, if we but grasp the fact.
a He also stated:

Nothing could be plainer than this. There is such a thing as victory over
 d i s e a s e and d e a t h , through C h r i s t . The f l e s h i s c o r r u p t and s i n f u l ; b u t
C h r i s t h a s "power over a l l f l e s h , " s o t h a t H i s l i f e can r e p r e s s s i n even i n
" s i n f u l f l e s h , " and by t h e same power He can r e s i s t t h e encroachments of d i s -
e a s e even i n o u r m o r t a l f l e s h . 2 6

That power, Waggoner t a u g h t , became a c c e s s i b l e through t h e atonement. "The

p e r f e c t , d e a t h - d e s t r o y i n g l i f e of J e s u s , " Waggoner a s s e r t e d , "must b e f u l l y

m a n i f e s t e d i n t h e m o r t a l f l e s h of some people b e f o r e t h e Lord r e t u r n s t o t h i s

e a r t h again." He affirmed:

H o l i n e s s , p e r f e c t p u r i t y of body and s p i r i t , is n o t only p o s s i b l e , b u t

a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y ; and t h i s s t a t e i s t o b e o u r s i n t h i s p r e s e n t , e v i l
world, b e f o r e h e r e s u r r e c t i o n ; f o r we a r e t o l d t h a t w i t h o u t i t no man s h a l l
s e e t h e Lord. 2 5
While i t i s unnecessary t o t r a c e t h e v a r i e d c o n c l u s i o n s based upon Waggoner's

assumptions about t h e power r e l e a s e d through t h e atonement, t h e f o l l o w i n g w i l l

s e r v e as a n example:

When t h e s u n l i g h t d e s t r o y s d i s e a s e germs, c l e a n s i n g o u r e a r t h , and making i t

h a b i t a b l e , and p u t t i n g c o l o u r i n t o t h e cheeks of people, as w e l l a s upon t h e
r o s e s , i t i s t h e working of t h e same l i f e of C h r i s t t h a t c l e a n s e s from a l l
s i n . Thus t h e whole c r e a t i o n preaches t h e Gospel.

A t t h e same time, Waggoner could b e l i e v e i n a C h r i s t who "is o u r High P r i e s t i n t h e

heavenly p l a c e s a t t h e r i g h t hand of God, y e t He i s on e a r t h i n our f l e s h , even

i n our s i n f u l flesh."28

B a l l e n g e r noted t h a t h i s work i n England w a s s i m i l a r t o t h a t i n t h e United

S t a t e s e x c e p t t h a t h e sensed "a deepening e x p e r i e n c e and growing power." He wrote

of r e c e i v i n g l e t t e r s from 13 churches h e had v i s i t e d by January of 1902 a l l t e l l i n g

of "new power which h a s come i n t o t h e i r l i v e s f o r p e r s o n a l v i c t o r y and a g g r e s s i v e

service." B a l l e n g e r mentioned h i s own "deeper c o n c e p t i o n s of s i n and g r e a t e r

conceptions of t h e c r o s s of Calvary." He a s s e r t e d t o t h e d e l e g a t e s of t h e f i r s t

European General Conference t h a t t h e focus of h i s t e a c h i n g had somewhat changed and

h e was now preaching a g r e a t e r Gospel t h a n h e had e v e r preached b e f o r e . He noted:

I have been t e l l i n g people t h a t i f they would do something, t h e Lord would

do something; b u t now I have t u r n e d i t round, and am t e l l i n t h e people t h a t
t h e Lord has done something, and wants them t o r e c e i v e i t . 2 8

Soon a f t e r h i e a r r i v a l i n England i n 1899, E . E. Andross took i s s u e w i t h t h e

n a t u r e of t h e t e a c h i n g s of P r e s c o t t , Waggoner, and D r . Kress t h a t - A a d r o s s d e f i n e d a s :

 13

What, when, and how to eat, and how to teach the same to others. Eating
the body and drinking the blood of Christ in our every meal and every time we
took a drink of water, etc. This was the all-important theme, continually.

Andross decried the absence of such themes during evangelistic endeavors as the

Second Coming, Signs of the Times, Three Angel's Messages, sanctuary, sealing work,
11
or any of those subjects that to me is the distinctive message for this time."

Andross observed :

If you will ask Eld. Loughborough why he decided to take passage for America
it may throw some light on the exode of laborers from here within the last year.30

By 1903 the pioneers in England became sufficiently concerned with the work of

Waggoner and others to press for some changes. Issues were drawn at the British

Conference meeting at Southsea, England, in that year. G. A. Irwiq, who representdd

the General Conference at the meeting that was designed to complete the organization

of the British Union Conference, observed that the organizational battle was

similar to that at the Oakland GC session when Waggoner, Jones, and others strongly

opposed what they considered moves toward centralization, except:

The controversy was much more fierce and determined, because that was the
field where much of the spirit and sentiment that prevailed at the General
Conference saw its birth. These men seemed to believ that it would be a
5
Waterloo for them to be defeated on their own ground. 1

Compounding the frustration of Waggoner's attempt to prevent the establishment of

the British Union Conference was an attack from the North England Conference

relating to his teaching at the Bible School and in the Present Truth. The question

of financial support for both was pointedly raised. Irwin reported that "the

brethren there just came right up and took their stand, and said they could no

longer sanction such teaching that was tearing down all order and organization."

According to Irwin, Waggoner retorted that

He was right at Minneapolis, he had been tight ever since, was right now, and
that the whole denomination was in the dark, and that sometime they might
possibly see it if they did not drift entirely away and merge into a papacy.32

In his letter of resignation, Waggoner presented his version of the confronta-

tion. He expressed intense opposition to sending Irwin as Daniells ' representative

and noted that "Brother Irwin did his duty nobly for 'the old landmarks.' Whether
t h e p e o p l e were b e n e f i t e d o r n o t was a secondary m a t t e r . " Waggoner a g a i n r a i s e d

t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e p i o n e e r r e a c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e Minneapolis message. H e noted:

It was s o l e l y due t o t h e f a c t t h a t w h i l e , a f t e r much o p p o s i t i o n , t h e denomina-

t i o n had o f f i c i a l l y a c c e p t e d t h e advanced t r u t h of t h e message, t h e y had n o t
taken i t p r a c t i c a l l y . ... Worst of a l l , t h e y d i d n o t a c c e p t t h e ADVANCING
LIGHT (emphasis added) of t h e message. Having made one move, t h e y f e l t
i r r i t a t e d a t t h e i n t i m a t i o n t h a t t h e y ought t o go on. ... An e a r n e s t e f f o r t
was made two y e a r s ago t o improve t h e s t a t e of t h i n g s . ... The t r o u b l e was,
a s b e f o r e , t h a t i t was thought p o s s i b l e t o e f f e c t reforms by t h e same means,
and mostly t h e same men, t h a t caused t h e t r o u b l e . ...To me t h e o u t l o o k
(now) seems less h o p e f u l t h a n e v e r ; because h i t h e r t o t h e men i n c h a r g e had
n e v e r s e e n t h e l i g h t ; b u t now men who have s e e n i t have been c a p t u r e d by t h e
r e a c t i o n a r y element. I can n o t comprehend i t ; b u t i t i s p l a i n t o me t h a t
o f f i c i a l l y t h e denomination i s back t h e o t h e r s i d e of Minneapolis. The c ~ y
now, a s t h e n , i s , "Stand by t h e landmarks ."33

Waggoner c l e a r l y c o n s i d e r e d himself s t i l l w i t h i n t h e p r o g r e s s i v e c a t e g o r y . I

L. R. Conradi, l e a d e r of t h e denominational work i n Europe observed:

I am i n harmony a s t o t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f j u s t i f i c a t i o n by f a i t h set f o r t h
a t Minneapolis, and I b e l i e v e t h e y were God-given, and t h a t a s a p e o p l e we
needed them, and need them y e t , and t h a t t h e y brought l i g h t and l i f e t o u s ,
b u t I f e a r t h a t t h e pendulum swung t o o f a r , and w e l o s t a g a i n a good d e a l of
what w e g a i n e d by n e g l e c t i n g t h e message a s s u c h . I f t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s message
is preached p r o p e r l y , i t i s t h e e v e r l a s t i n g Gospel, and i t w i l l have i t s t e l l i n g
e f f e c t . 34

A p a t h v e r y s i m i l a r t o Waggoner's had p r e v i o u s l y been followed by t h r e e of

t h e n a t i v e B r i t i s h workers, Harry Champness, A. R . Leask, and J . S t o k e s . Champness,

who had m i n i s t e r e d f o r 13 y e a r s i n England, and was t h e most p o p u l a r m i n i s t e r t h e r e ,

a c c o r d i n g t o 0. A. Olsen, p r e s i d e n t of t h e B r i t i s h Union Conference, l e f t t h e

denomination i n o p p o s i t i o n t o i t s " l e g a l i s t i c " emphasis t o work a l o n g n o n - s e c t a r i a n ,

evangelical lines. Leask j o i n e d a h o l i n e s s movement, b u t e v e n t u a l l y j o i n e d

Champness i n a c t i v e work a g a i n s t t h e denomination. T h i s group would s h o r t l y b e

j o i n e d by o t h e r s f o l l o w i n g a s i m i l a r p a t h . Those l e a d e r s who had t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y

f o r f o l l o w i n g up i n t h e a r e a s where Champness and Leask had e a r l i e r m i n i s t e r e d

i n t h e denomination were amazed a t how u n i n s t r u c t e d t h e church members were i n t h e

fundamental t e a c h i n g s of Adventism. The c o s t i n church membership would be heavy. 3 5

A f t e r Waggoner's d e p a r t u r e , t h e change i n t o n e i n t h e P r e s e n t T r u t h and t h e

work i n g e n e r a l i n England was remarkable. E. W. Farnsworth was s e n t from Aus-

t r a l i a t o h e l p r e s t o r e t h e fundamentals. It seemed merely a m a t t e r of time b e f o r e

 a confrontation with Ballenger would occur. Indeed, Ballenger had not only worked

closely with both Champness and Leask, but, according to Champness, "had professed

previously to be with us in our work of reform." Waggoner reported that Ballenger

had fully apprised Leask of the pioneer opposition to acceptance of the Waggoner

message at Minneapolis in 1888, and also Ballenger's contention that certain pioneers

had continued to controvert that message. Although Ballenger had not fully fol-

lowed the pantheists in 1903, he would shortly face a dilemma.3 6

During the winter of 1903-04, during the time Ballenger was superintendent of

the Wales mission, he wrestled for three months with a problem that, when resolved,

would nullify his confidence in the Spirit of Prophecy. The question in Ballenger's

mind revolved around the identification of Babylon in the 17th chapter of Revelation.

Since he believed that the Babylon of chapter 14 and that of chapter 17 of Revela-

tion were identical, Ballenger, after three months of intense agonizing concluded

that Mrs. White's statement in Great Controversy, that the Babylon of Revelation 14

"cannot refer to the Roman church" was in error. His intense trauma over that

prolonged period, and his inability to find means of harmonizing this problem with

his understanding of the nature of the inspiration of the Spirit of Prophecy,

afford insights into his later actions. If he had taken into account the context

in which Ellen White's statement on Babylon occurred or had sought to understand

the point she was making rather than becoming caught on individual words, he might

have reached far different conclusions.37

"LIVING TEMPLE"
If the battle between the pioneers and pantheists in England was intense, the

battle between the progressives and the pantheists in the United States was explosive.

The event that made divergent paths apparent was a book written by J. H. Kellogg

entitled The Living - -

Texle.

0 The roots of Kellogg's philosophy reveal a remarkable similarity to that of

Ballenger, Waggoner and others who would fall generally within the pantheistic

camp. Kellogg's path led from his belief that Christ's atonement applied aspects of
glorification to the present. While Ballenger stressed more of a mediatorial role

for Christ and Kellogg an indwelling role, both had a similar concept of the atone-

ment and the power available through it. Both sets of concepts in their stress

and development warred against the fundamentals of the church. Notice Kellogg's

1902 view of the atonement:

Christ came to this earth with a mission of deliverance, whose scope was large
enough to comprehend the whole world, with all its needs, all its infirmities,
mental and physical as well as moral, all its woes, its misery, its pain, its
diseases and deformities,--to open all the prison doors and to set its captives
free. ... Man needs physical healing as much as moral regeneration, and
complete success is not possible in either one without the other.38

Thus through the atonement, according to Kellogg, there was present in nature and

in every living being, in man, a beneficent intelligence which is continually

creating, restoring, renewing, building, and rebuilding, always doing the
best that could possibly be done under the circumstances. This is the real
healing power, active in every living cell, and particularly in the blood.

At the same time, Kellogg expressed his belief in a personal God in heaven. He

wrote Mrs. White:

Some of the brethren have gotten the idea that we do not believe in a personal
God, which is ertainly very wrong. There could be no worship without a
personal God.34

Kellogg denied pantheism, mysticism, or any false teaching, and considered

attacks against him as largely manufactured. He noted that he believed the concepts

presented in The Living Temple since the 1890s and pointed to instances where those

concepts were published during the 1890s. He specifically mentioned the writings of

Mrs. S. M. I. Henry, W. W. Prescott, and claimed to find similar concepts in the

writings of Mrs. White. By 1903 Kellogg believed he saw the source of the diffi-

culty. He wrote W. W. Prescott:

When we say God is in the tree, the word "God" is understood in its most
comprehensive sense, and people understand the meaning to be that the Godhead
is in the tree, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, whereas
the proper understanding in order that wholesome conceptions should be pre-
served in our minds, is that God the Father sits upon his throne in heaven
where God the Son is also; while God's life, or Spirit or presence is the all-
pervading power which is carrying out the will of God in all the universe.
The whole thing is now clear to my mind. I confess it was not quite clear
before, and I felt a distrust and an uneasiness with reference to the matter,
though I could not for the life of me see where there was an error.40
 The dimensions of t h e Living Temple c r i s i s a r e beyond c a l c u l a t i o n . I. H. Evans,

who had observed t h e beginnings of t h e a p o s t a s y from w i t h i n t h e I r w i n a d m i n i s t r a t i o n

noted:

Sometimes I almost wonder i f we have come, a s o t h e r denominations have come,

t o a c r i s i s , where t h e r e s h a l l b e s t a g n a t i o n , o r , i f n o t s t a g n a t i o n , t h e r e
s h a l l b e s p l i t s , and we b r e a k up i n t o fragments, and one branch go t h i s way,
and a n o t h e r a n o t h e r .

P r e s c o t t c o n s i d e r e d t h e movement a n a t t e m p t t o s u b s t i t u t e a " f a l s e philosophy i n

p l a c e of t h e p u r e gospel," w h i l e D a n i e l l s observed:

I c o n s i d e r t h e whole matter a deeply l a i d scheme t o overthrow o u r cause and

work, and t o thwart t h e e f f o r t s we a r e making t o r e a c h a p e r i s h i n g world; i n
f a c t , t o t u r n a s i d e t h e purpose and o b j e c t of our whole work, and t o def a t
t h e movement f o r which t h i s denomination has been c a l l e d i n t o e x i s t e n c e . 1 2
D a n i e l l s quoted a testimony from Mrs. White where

It i s s t a t e d t h a t i f a l l of u s from t h i s t i m e on g i v e our whole l i v e s t o t h e

undoing of t h e counterworking of t h e e v i l i n f l u e n c e s t h a t have t a k e n r o o t among
u s i n t h i s e v i l t e a c h i n g , we s h a l l n o t b e a b l e t o f u l l y undo i t . God a l o n e
can check and undo t h i s e v i l t h i n g .

D a n i e l l s continued:

You w i l l s e e , t o o , t h a t o u r m i n i s t e r s a r e blamed f o r n o t being wideawake,

and understanding t h i s t h i n g .

He b e l i e v e d t h e movement was designed t o "prevent t h e loud c r y of t h e t h i r d

a n g e l ' s message from b e i n g experienced by t h i s denomination," and t h a t " t h e w e l f a r e

and s t a b i l i t y of t h i s c a u s e a r e a t stake.I142

D a n i e l l s spoke from t h e background of one who himself had almost f a l l e n i n t o

t h e s u b t l e t i e s of t h e Kellogg a p o s t a s y . He wrote:

Hardly a day p a s s e s b u t what I look up t o God i n heaven, and thank him f o r

d e l i v e r i n g me from t h e s n a r e t h a t was' l a i d f o r me. A l l t h e c o n d i t i o n s t h e n
e x i s t i n g were w e l l c a l c u l a t e d t o e n s n a r e me. Had I n o t been d e l i v e r e d by my
m e r c i f u l F a t h e r i n heaven, I c e r t a i n l y would have been working w i t h E l d e r Jones
now i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n and c i r c u l a t i n g of t h e wicked m i s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s h e i s
sending o u t t o our people. ... I am humbled every time I review t h e t e r r i b l e
r o a d over which I have journeyed s i n c e t h e 1901 conference.

D a n i e l l s c o n f i d e d t o Evans t h a t t h e crisis "almost ruined" him p h y s i c a l l y , and wrote

W. C . White:

A t one time I found myself i n a p o s i t i o n where i t was only a s t e p t o much more

t h a n doubt and u n b e l i e f . ...
And I know f o r a f a c t t h a t b o t h Brother Pres-
c o t t and Brother S p i c e r were most h o r r i b l y tempted. T h e i r e x p e r i e n c e was f a r
more a c u t e and dangerous than mine. But they both f e a r e d God, and he d e l i v e r e d
them from t h e s n a r e of t h e fowler.43
 18

P a r t of t h e r e a s o n f o r t h e d e p t h s of t h e c r i s i s from 1902 onward r e l a t e d t o t h e

long-term r o o t s of t h e " s p i r i t u a l i s t i c 1 ' t e a c h i n g w i t h i n t h e denomination. R. A.

Underwood a l l u d e d t o developments i n t h e 1890s, n o t i n g t h a t D a n i e l l s was l e a r n i n g

"by e x p e r i e n c e some t h i n g s t h a t o t h e r s had known b e f o r e . " He a f f i r m e d :

There h a s been c r e e p i n g i n f o r y e a r s c e r t a i n t h i n g s i n t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n
of t h e s c r i p t u r e s by some ( i t i s n o t a l l confined t o B a t t l e Creek) t h a t i s a s
c e r t a i n t o make t h e T h i r d Angel's message a s we have b e l i e v e d and preached i t
n o t h i n g l e s s t h a n a f a b l e and a d e l u s i o n .

H. W. C o t t r e l l c o n s i d e r e d t h a t " f o r many y e a r s , " t h e "rank and f i l e of t h e denomina-

t i o n were l a r g e l y s i d e t r a c k e d from t h e main l i n e , " and G. B. Thompson p o i n t e d t o

a " t e a c h i n g which h a s been t a k i n g t h e edge o f f t h e message f o r y e a r s . ' ' Daniells,

P r e s c o t t , and o t h e r s observed t h e l e n g t h y r o o t s of t h e t e a c h i n g . Indeed, t h e y , w i t h

o t h e r s , saw t h e movement w i t h i n t h e denomination a s a p a r t of a worldwide philosophy

t h a t was sweeping o t h e r denominations. 44

A s d i d o t h e r s , Mrs. White, i n d e a l i n g w i t h t h e Living Temple c r i s i s , noted t h a t

such " s p i r i t u a l i s t i c s e n t i m e n t s , t h e s t r a n g e , m i s l e a d i n g t h e o r i e s , " had " f o r y e a r s

been coming i n . " She f r e q u e n t l y used such terms a s " s c i e n t i f i c t h e o r i e s which a r e

a k i n t o pantheism," " f a n c i f u l and s p i r i t u a l i s t i c i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s of t h e S c r i p t u r e , "

" p e r v e r s i o n of t r u t h , I 1 "mysticism. "

I n t e s t i m o n i e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e c r i s i s we o f t e n f i n d d e s c r i p t i o n s of symbolic

s c e n e s shown t o Mrs. White through v i s i o n . She r e p o r t e d such s c e n e s a s Kellogg

pushing a l o n g c a r up a s t e e p a s c e n t , r i d i n g a h o r s e and c a r r y i n g a banner, armies

i n t e r r i b l e c o n f l i c t , s h i p s and i c e b e r g s , e t c . E s p e c i a l l y noteworthy i s t h e f a c t

t h a t M r s . White d i d n o t d e a l w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c t h e o l o g i c a l e r r o r s p l a g u i n g t h e p a t h

t h a t Kellogg and o t h e r s were f o l l o w i n g . She urged c l o s e B i b l i c a l s t u d y t o a s c e r t a i n

the error.

Mrs. White s t a t e d , a f t e r a f u l l y e a r and a h a l f of t e s t i m o n i e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e

crisis:

Many a r e s o b l i n d t h a t they do not yet d i s c e r n t h e m i s l e a d i n g c h a r a c t e r of

some of t h e s e n t i m e n t s contained i n t h e book " ~ i v i n gTemple." Such ones,
whether they b e m i n i s t e r s , d o c t o r s , o r t e a c h e r s , would b e t t e r go a p a r t and study
the Scriptures alone with ~ o d . 4 5

W. C . White a p p l i e d t h i s methodology a f t e r a c r i t i c a l meeting on t h e c r i s i s :

 I s t u d i e d t h e B i b l e ; I reviewed t h e t e a c h i n g s I had r e c e i v e d r e g a r d i n g God
and H i s r e l a t i o n t o man; I s t u d i e d t h e "Living Temple"; I c a r r i e d t h e q u e s t i o n
t o God upon my knees. I f e l t t h a t I must know f o r myself t h e answer t o t h e s e

a p e r p l e x i t i e s t h a t have been g a t h e r i n g i n my mind a s a r e s u l t of t h e t e a c h i n g s

I had h e a r d a t o u r camp-meetings and i n San F r a n c i s c o . I r e c e i v e d a r e v e l a -
t i o n of ~ o d ' sgoodness and c l e a r views r e g a r d i n g H i s p e r s o n a l i t y and H i s power
t h a t have s e t me f r e e from t h e doubts and p e r p l e x i t i e s t h a t have a r i s e n i n
my mind. 4 6

Mrs. White b e l i e v e d t h a t d i r e c t r e v e l a t i o n from t h e Lord should n o t have been

n e c e s s a r y i n o r d e r f o r t h e church l e a d e r s t o d i s c e r n t h e erroneous t e a c h i n g s i n

Living Temple. She w a s f u r t h e r shocked t h a t men "who have had a long e x p e r i e n c e i n

t h e t r u t h " should have a c c e p t e d t h e t e a c h i n g s . She n o t e d :

That t h o s e whom we thought sound i n t h e f a i t h should have f a i l e d t o d i s c e r n

t h e s p e c i o u s , deadly i n f l u e n c e of t h i s s c i e n c e of e v i l , s h o u l d a l a r m u s a s
n o t h i n g e l s e h a s alarmed u s .

She r e p o r t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g v i s i o n :

The heavenly messenger t u r n e d t o t h o s e p r o f e s s i n g t o b e medical m i s s i o n a r i e s ,

and s a i d , "How could you a l l o w y o u r s e l v e s t o b e l e d b l i n d f o l d ? How could you
s o m i s r e p r e s e n t t h e name you b e a r ? You have your B i b l e s . Why have you n o t
reasoned from cause t o e f f e c t ? You have a c c e p t e d t h e o r i e s t h a t have l e d you
away from t h e t r u t h s t h a t a r e t o stamp t h e i r impress upon t h e c h a r a c t e r s of a l l
Seventh-day A d v e n t i s t s . Your l e a d e r h a s been moving t h e f o u n d a t i o n timbers one
by one, and h i s r e a s o n i n g would soon l e a v e us w i t h no c e r t a i n f o u n d a t i o n f o r
o u r f a i t h . He h a s n o t heeded t h e t e s t i m o n i e s t h a t God through h i s S p i r i t h a s
given. The books of t h e B i b l e c o n t a i n i n g most important i n s t r u c t i o n a r e d i s -
regarded because they s a y s o much about a p e r s o n a l God. He has n o t known
w h i t h e r h i s f e e t were t e n d i n g . But i n h i s r e c e n t w r i t i n g s , h i s t e n d e n c i e s
toward pantheism have been r e v e a l e d . 47

I n a d d r e s s i n g h e r s e l f t o t h e Living Temple c r i s i s , Mrs. White a p p l i e d a number

of terms t h a t two y e a r s l a t e r s h e would r e l a t e t o t h e B a l l e n g e r c r i s i s . She noted

t h a t Kellogg was misapplying s c r i p t u r e s and t a k i n g them o u t of t h e i r connection and

" g i v i n g a wrong a p p l i c a t i o n " t o them; he was a d v o c a t i n g erroneous views t h a t were

d e s t r u c t i v e t o t h e landmarks; h e was a c c e p t i n g erroneous t h e o r i e s t h a t had been

m e t time and time a g a i n i n t h e p a s t ; h i s system l e d t o a downplaying of t h e Sabbath;

i t t a u g h t , i n e f f e c t , t h a t "My Lord d e l a y e t h h i s coming"; i t subverted t h e t r u t h s

1148
found " i n t h e r e v e l a t i o n g i v e n by C h r i s t t o John t o g i v e t o t h e churches.

The dimensions of t h e c r i s i s can be s e e n by n o t i n g A . G . ~ a n i e l l s ' o b s e r v a t i o n

of Mrs. White a f t e r a d r a m a t i c meeting a t B e r r i e n S p r i n g s i n 1903. A f t e r leaving

t h e meeting, D a n i e l l s noted t h a t Mrs. White "seemed t e r r i f i e d " ; s h e s h o r t l y had

" t e r r i b l e r e v e l a t i o n s ' ' of t h e course Kellogg and h i s a s s o c i a t e s would pursue. "From

that time to the present she has been simply terrified day after day and night after

night. I have never seen her so thoroughly aroused and so intense over anything

as she is over this at present." Daniells noted that she had since written Kellogg

and "other physicians what may truly be called terrifying communications." The

consequence of those communications reacted upon those that Spicer considered

"drunken on the wine of this new mysticism." Waggoner was "dazed," "astounded, and,

like Job, he could simply put his hand on his mouth and keep silence." He later
noted, however, that merely receiving word that he was wrong did not show him

precisely where his error was. Paulson was "dazed and stunned." A. T. Jones
stated that now that the testimony had spoken, he was done.49

Daniells considered the teachings of the pantheistic group "one of the most

subtle deceptions of these last days," and urged that "every form and feature of it

should be unmasked." W. W. Prescott, as well as Daniells, saw a continuing role

for the Spirit of Prophecy in this regard:

The instruction of the Testimonies does not have reference simply to one man
or one book. There is no doubt that repeated efforts will be made to introduce
error into the teaching of this message; and the instruction given in these
Testimonies is designed to prepare our people so that the may be able to
discern between truth and error by whomsoever presented.56

The testimonies made the divergent paths apparent. Properly received they would

have pointed out to the pantheists that they had been traveling a devious and

destructive path and would have to examine their beliefs closely to discover the

error. To some extent this was done. E. A. Sutherland, P. T. Magan, David Paulson,
S. H. Lane, W. W. Prescott, C. L. Taylor, M. E. Olsen, Luther Warren, among others

profited from the testimonies relating to the Living Temple. Others did not look

deeply enough. E. J. Waggoner, in 1904, wrote Daniells and Prescott:

I am not conscious of any change whatever in my attitude towards you or towards
the truth which we unitedly proclaimed when we were associated together in the
work. No doubt both of you would say the same thing for yourselves; and
therefore I am compelled to believe, as I did from the beginning, that the
present strained situation is the result of misunderstanding.

In contrast, 0. A. Olsen, president of the GC from 1888 to 1897, wrote Mrs. White:

I can assure you that I have the fullest confidence in the testimonies, and
I know that God is leading in the 3d Angel's Message and this.work. There was
 a time when I w a s somewhat perplexed. The r e a s o n b e i n g t h a t some t h i n g s were
t a u g h t and p r e s s e d q u i t e s t r o n g l y by c e r t a i n ones which I could n o t harmonize
w i t h t h e u n d e r l y i n g p r i n c i p l e s of t h e t r u t h , n o r t h e Testimonies, and a t t h e
same t i m e t h e s e views were p r e s s e d upon u s , from t h e s t a n d p o i n t a s s t a t e d i n one
of t h e s p e c i a l t e s t i m o n i e s something l i k e t h i s , "These men have l i g h t f o r t h e
people," meaning Waggoner & Jones. I d i d want t h e l i g h t God had f o r us, b u t
some t h i n g s were p r e s e n t e d a s l i g h t t h a t I could n o t understand a s such. And
y e t n o t t o a c c e p t i t , was h e l d t o b e r e j e c t i n g t h e Testimonies. I d i d n o t ' w a n t
t o r e j e c t t h e Testimonies, s o a l l I could do f o r t h e time was t o a w a i t t h e
m a t t e r t o b e c l e a r e d up, and t h i s h a s been done and t h e p e r p l e x i t y f u l l y
v a n i s h e d , and I t h i n k I have my c l e a r b e a r i n g s . 5 1

I n c a l l i n g f o r t h e a s s i s t a n c e of t h e p i o n e e r s , D a n i e l l s wrote Mrs. White:

I have f e l t deeply impressed a s I have met t h e s e b r e t h r e n and s i s t e r s t h a t we

g r e a t l y need t o have t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s message r e v i v e d and preached i n t h e s i m -
p l i c i t y and power t h a t i t was p r e s e n t e d i n t h e e a r l y days. I have n o t t h e
s l i g h t e s t doubt b u t what t h e message of r i g h t e o u s n e s s by f a i t h t h a t came t o u s
i n (1888) a t t h e Minneapolis Conference was from God, and t h a t i t was g r e a t l y
needed; b u t I f e e l s u r e t h a t t h e enemy came i n t o make t h a t message of none
e f f e c t by swinging many of o u r m i n i s t e r s away from t h e fundamental t r u t h s
f o r t h i s time. It c e r t a i n l y i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o abandon t h e p r o p h e c i e s , and drop
t h e d i s t i n c t i v e f e a t u r e s of t h e message, i n o r d e r t o l e a d p e o p l e t o r e c e i v e t h e
r i g h t e o u s n e s s of C h r i s t . W e can preach t h a t message, and we can preach t h e
t h i r d a n g e l ' s message of R e v e l a t i o n 14 w i t h a l l t h e z e a l and e a r n e s t n e s s we
can command. They a r e i n harmony; they a r e r e a l l y one message. But we l o s e
a g r e a t d e a l by abandoning t h e g r e a t fundamental d o c t r i n e s of t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s
message, and preaching a s o r t of goody-goody message, s i m i l a r t o t h e moral
e s s a y s d e l i v e r e d by t h e m i n i s t e r s of o t h e r churches. I a p p r e c i a t e a s never
b e f o r e t h e c a l l you made a t t h e Oakland Conference f o r us t o come back t o t h e
p e c u l i a r and s p e c i a l t r u t h s g i v e n t o t h i s people a t t h e beginning of t h i s
movement. I b e l i e v e t h a t t h e same grand message preached a t t h a t time i s t h e
message t o b e preached today, and t h a t i t w i l l have t h e same e f f e c t on t h e
h e a r t s of t h e people t h a t i t had t h e n , provided i t i s preached by men who have
t h e same good, p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e t h a t t h e p r e a c h e r s of t h o s e e a r l y days had. 5 2

D a n i e l l s ' p o s i t i o n was t a k e n a g a i n s t t h e backdrop of a decade of weakened

fundamentals and of t h e need f o r a dynamic a l l i a n c e w i t h p i o n e e r s i n o r d e r t o

uproot t h e entrenched t e a c h i n g s of t h e p a n t h e i s t s . It i s of more t h a n p a s s i n g

i n t e r e s t t o n o t e t h a t a t t h e time of D a n i e l l s ' f i r m attachment t o t h e fundamental

t e a c h i n g s of t h e church and h i s overwhelming c o n f i d e n c e i n t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy,

h e was q u i e t l y moving t o a new view of t h e s a n c t u a r y t h a t would l a t e r r e s u l t i n

t h e d i s i n t e g r a t i o n of t h e a l l i a n c e h e was forming.

During t h e 1901 GC s e s s i o n Mrs. White, through v i s i o n , was i n s t r u c t e d i n a

number of ways t o a t t e m p t a more proper b a l a n c e i n t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e law

and t h e g o s p e l t h a t seemed o u t of focus w i t h i n t h e denomination. In addition to

t h e testimony concerning t h e I n d i a n a a p o s t a s y , Mrs. White wrote Kellogg:

Before I went t o t h e (1901) General Conference, I was i n s t r u c t e d t h a t I could

 h e l p you. The Lord t o l d me t h a t I must b e a r my testimony a t t h i s meeting
a g a i n s t t h e i n c o r r e c t i d e a s t h a t had been coming i n i n r e g a r d t o f o r b e a r a n c e and
C h r i s t l i k e n e s s . My work was t o p r e s e n t t h e s t a n d a r d of C h r i s t i a n i t y t h a t had
been p r e s e n t e d t o me. As one w i t h God-given a u t h o r i t y , I was t o b e a r my
message a g a i n s t t h e wrong p r i n c i p l e s t h a t had been coming i n .

She a l s o w r o t e D a n i e l l s :

I have o f t e n been warned a g a i n s t o v e r s t r a i n e d i d e a s of s a n c t i f i c a t i o n . They

l e a d t o a n o b j e c t i o n a b l e f e a t u r e of e x p e r i e n c e t h a t w i l l swamp u s , u n l e s s we
a r e wide-awake. ... During t h e General Conference of 1901, t h e Lord warned
me a g a i n s t s e n t i m e n t s t h a t were then h e l d by B r e t h r e n P r e s c o t t and Waggoner.
These s e n t i m e n t s have been a s l e a v e n p u t i n t o meal. Many minds have r e c e i v e d
them. The i d e a s of some r e g a r d i n g a g r e a t e x p e r i e n c e supposed t o b e s a n c t i f i -
c a t i o n have been t h e a l p h a of a t r a i n of d e c e p t i o n . Because of some overdrawn
e x p r e s s i o n s f r e q u e n t l y used by Brother E. J. Waggoner a t t h e Conference, I
was l e d t o speak words i n t e n d e d t o c o u n t e r a c t t h e i r i n f l u e n c e . 5 3

Other s t a t e m e n t s and t e s t i m o n i e s g i v e n by Mrs. White between 1901 and 1904

i n d i c a t e d e f i n i t e a t t e m p t s t o more p r o p e r l y r e s t o r e t h e b a l a n c e . Indeed, h e r c a l l

f o r renewed emphasis upon t h e fundamentals, s t r e s s upon R e v e l a t i o n w i t h i t s

warnings as w e l l a s promises, and upon t h e i n c r e a s e d emphasis upon t h e w r i t i n g s of

t h e p i o n e e r s , l i v i n g and dead, can be s e e n a s an e f f o r t i n t h a t d i r e c t i o n . 54

1905 GENERAL CONFERENCE

Near t h e beginning of 1905, W. C. White expressed t o h i s b r o t h e r t h e i n t e n s i t y

of t h e burden Mrs. White c a r r i e d because of t h e c o n t i n u i n g c r i s i s . He informed

James Edson White t h a t "last w i n t e r Mother n e a r l y d i e d of discouragement" because of

t h e burden s h e c a r r i e d and noted t h a t s h e b e l i e v e d "her l i f e depended upon h e r

r e f u s i n g " t o c a r r y t h o s e burdens a s s h e had p r e v i o u s l y . He informed h i s b r o t h e r

t h a t Mrs. White urged him " t o do a l l we can t o b e a r t h e burdens and keep them from

her." D e s p i t e t h i s Mrs. White s e n t t h e f o l l o w i n g testimony t o D r . Kress t h e n e x t

month:

For a long time I have been unable t o s l e e p a s I should. But I am endeavoring by

t h e h e l p of God t o w r i t e l e t t e r s t h a t w i l l b e a h e l p , n o t merely t o t h o s e t o
whom t h e y a r e a d d r e s s e d , b u t t o many o t h e r s who need them.

She t h e n gave t h e f o l l o w i n g g e n e r a l counsel:

Our S a n i t a r i u m s a r e t o reach a c l a s s t h a t can b e reached by no o t h e r means.

Why," a s k s one and a n o t h e r , "is n o t p r a y e r o f f e r e d f o r t h e miraculous h e a l i n g
of t h e s i c k , i c s t e a d of s o many s a n i t a r i u m s being e s t a b l i s h e d . " Should t h i s be
done, g r e a t f a n a t i c i s m would a r i s e i n o u r r a n k s . Those who have much s e l f -
confidence would s t a r t i n t o a c t i o n , a s d i d c e r t a i n ones i n I n d i a n a , who had a
 great deal to say about holy flesh. These were carried away by a spiritualistic
delusion. At the General Conference of 1901, they were rebuked by a message
given me for them by the Lord. Should we carry out the plans that some would
be pleased to have us carry out, companies would be formed who would bring
in spiritualistic manifestations that would confuse the faith of many. ...
Errors will come in and strange doctrines will be advocated. Some will depart
from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils. As
far back as the establishment of the first sanitarium, these things began to
appear. They were similar to the errors that manifested themselves soon after
the disappointment of 1844. A strong phase of fanaticism appeared, calling
itself the witness of the Holy Ghost. I was given a message to rebuke this
evil work. 55

At about the same time, the first reports of the A. F. Ballenger teachings on

the sanctuary were received in the United States. By April Mrs. White reversed her

earlier inclinations and decided to attend the 1905 GC session, scheduled to begin

It is of value to surmise what Mrs. White could have known, outside of divine

revelation, about the Ballenger teachings prior to her arrival at the GC session.

Daniells sent W. C. White the correspondence relating to the Ballenger teaching

that was received at the headquarters and also sent sever61 brief descriptions
0 himself. It seems likely that W. C. White would have shared at least the substance

of this correspondence with his mother. Mrs. White might herself have read the

four letters Daniells sent.57

The following points were reported from England regarding the Ballenger teaching.

He taught:

The .atonementwas made when Christ died. When He ascended, He went into
the Most Holy Place and has been there since.

This is substantiated by Hebrews 6:19 which Ballenger compared with "twenty-

five or thirty expressions of the same character in the Old Testament
where he claims that in every instance the term 'within the veil' signifies
within the Most Holy Place. He says the outer veil or the door of the
tabernacle" is called the veil of the tabernacle only once, and then by
implication, Heb. 9:3; "and does not think that one instance should be
so construed as to practically overthrow all the others."

His teaching upsets denominational teaching on the two covenants (in E. W.

Farnsworth's mind)

He believed it impossible to harmonize his position with the Spirit of

Prophecy, seeing "irreconcilable" differences. (Ballenger's rigiditv in
his understanding of the use to be made of the Spirit of Prophecy will be
discussed more fully later.)
 5. His views would revolutionize views held by SDAs (according to Ballenger's
own assertion)

6. The fruits of Ballenger's teaching (not just sanctuary) were negative as

far as the fundamental teachings of the church were concerned (in E. W.
Farnsworth's opinion)

7. Besides other ministers, influential lay brethren in Ireland and Wales

accepted Ballenger's sanctuary views.

8. North England was experiencing problems relating to the sanctuary teaching.

It was reported that the Waggoner teaching, "that the sanctuary was a type
of the human body, and the cleansing of it relates to the rise and develop-
ment of health reform," was causing difficulties.

9. After suggesting that Hutchinson and Ballenger be returned to the United

States, Farnsworth noted: "There is no sense, in my mind for these lame
preachers to try to preach the Third Angel's Message. It will take years
for this country to recover from Waggoner's in£hence.1158

It will be noticed that the first three points raise very specific theological

issues. It is of major interest to note thatMrs. White, at the 1905 GC, did not

address her counsel or writings concerning Ballenger to any of these theological

questions. It also seems relevant that two of the nine points seemed to identify

Ballenger with Waggoner in some manner. The last six points deal with Ballenger's

relationship to the fundamental message of Adventism and of course Mrs. White

responded to this at the Conference. Other attitudes toward Ballenger, held at the

time of the 1905 GC session, likewise have relevance.

After hearing of the possibility that William Robinson, former worker with

Ballenger in England and, in 1905, missionary to Spain, was perhaps tinctured with

the Ballenger teaching, the usually-restrained W. A. Spicer wrote Robinson relative

to his opinion of the Ballenger error. He first alluded to the non-denominational,

evangelical revival messages prevalent in Wales for several years. He noticed

that much of it seemed unbalanced: "We find that the times of greatest power in the

work have been times of evenness and well-balanced effort," affirmed Spicer. In an

obvious allusion to the Ballenger teaching, he noted: "I confess I am a little

afraid of the itching for the marvelous and the sensational." Spicer became more

explicit to Robinson after the 1905 session. He revealed:

When I got over to England and Wales I found that some of those things
 which had been cited as so wonderful in Brother Ballenger's experience in the
matter of manifestations of healing, in one case at least had developed very
strange fanaticism and experiences which were manifestly not of heaven. I
found also a sort of spiritual egotism which did not savor at all of the things
of God. I believe it is these things which have misled our brother.

Spicer consistentlv held to that opinion renardinn the roots of Ballenner's error

even into the 1950s.59

At the Conference, Ballenner gave three one-hour presentations relating to his

sanctuarv positions. The presentations were held before a selected committee of

25 beginning at 5:30 a.m., from Sundav, Mav 21, to Tuesdav, Mav 23. There is no

evidence that the writer is aware of that indicates whether or not Mrs. White attended

any of the one-hour presentations, or if she attended anv of the two one-hour

presentations that three members of the committee made in response to the Ballenner

positions.

Mrs. White presented a testimonv, most likelv to this select nrouD> the dav

followinn the Ballenner presentations. This message of Mav 24. was given not onlv

to Ballenger, but "to our people," and was treated as Divine nuidance soecificallv

pertaining to the Ballenner situation. Mrs. White freauentlv used such words as

"our Instructor spoke words to Brother Ballenner," "I am bidden to sav in the name

of the Lord," "thus did the heavenlv messenger pronounce," etc. While documentation

is unavailable to enable a full understanding of Ballenner's presentations, enough

is known to shed considerable linht as we endeavor to understand the errors that the

Mav 24 testimony was designed to refute.

We would expect that in God's plan and revelation, Ballenner, as others who

received testimonies from Mrs. White, should receive enough information to enlighten

him concerning the error of his path and provide guidance in regard to his future

teachings, even though Ellen White was not theologically explicit. Certainly the

pantheists would have been enlightened if they had closely examined their teachings

in the light of the testimonies and their Source. Most pantheists, however, had

come to lose confidence in the guidance of the Spirit of Prophecy and thus apparently
60
never considered the testimonies in their intended light.
 Ballenger spent his full time the first day in presenting the texts that use
the term "within the veil." He also presented what he termed his "Nine Theses," that

which he considered nine inconsistencies between SDA teachings and the Scriptures when

the denomination placed Christ's first-apartment ministry after the Cross. He

concluded:

But when you allow the first apartment work to represent the plan of salvation
from creation to the cross, everything is a perfect fit, and all seems
beautiful and harmonious and complete.61

Although a transcript of Ballenger's presentation the second and third day

apparently was not taken, a partial transcript of several questions asked him

concerning his second presentation makes it clear that Ballenger, at that time,

made his presentation on the atonement. Note the following exchange between W. W.

Prescott and Ballenger:

WWP: I want to understand the view, and so I wanted to see if I understood you.
Then (sic) when Christ paid the penalty on the cross, the whole human family
was free from death? I wanted to get your view of it. I wanted to understand
clearly.

AFB: When Christ died on Calvary, by that act he had reached down and put
his arms around the fallen world, and lifted it right back up to the place
where it was before it fell off the platform of the garden of Eden, and left man
again free to choose, where Adam was free to choose, between eternal loss and
eternal gain.

The exchange reveals that not only did Ballenger present his concept of the

atonement during the session, but that quite likely he at least inferred that the

benefits of the atonement included physical benefits. It is certain that Ballenger

was completely identified with a teaching that claimed physical benefits from the

atonement.6 2

In his book Proclamation -

of Liberty and the Unpardonable Sin, published in

1915, but according to Ballenger and his followers, written prior to his 1905 GC

hearing, Ballenger again elaborated his concept of the atonement. In the book,

Ballenger spoke of his teaching in Wales on the atonement

in its relation to both soul and body healing, and (I) was calling upon those
present to acccpt the gift of healing already given in Christ, when all of a
sudden a lifelong sufferer, who for years had suffered from dropsical swellings
and from heart-weakness, whose bowels had not performed their functions for
 s i x y e a r s w i t h o u t a r t i f i c i a l a i d , saw t h e t r u t h and claimed by f a i t h t h e h e a l i n g
which was a l r e a d y h e r s i n C h r i s t . I n s t a n t l y s h e was h e a l e d , t o t h e g l o r y of
0 God and h e r unspeakable joy.

A f t e r devoting a s e c t i o n of h i s book t o t h i s h e a l i n g e x p e r i e n c e , B a l l e n g e r concluded:

Dear r e a d e r , w i l l you n o t l e t t h e Lord b e g l o r i f i e d i n you? 0 my poor s i c k one,

a g a i n I s a y , L e t t h e Lord have your s i c k n e s s . Why do you b e a r i t when t h e Lord
is s o w i l l i n g t o b e a r i t a l l f o r you? Don't you s e e how u s e l e s s i t i s f o r you
t o b e a r i t when t h e Lord h a s s o g l a d l y t a k e n upon Himself o u r i n f i r m i t i e s ? I n
v a i n f o r H i m t o b e a r i t i f you b e a r i t a l s o . You a r e f r e e indeed. The Lord
b e a r s i t a l l f o r you. You need o n l y t o b e l i e v e i t , my b r o t h e r , my s i s t e r .

He r e a f f i r m e d t h i s t e a c h i n g a g a i n when h e wrote "Cast Out f o r t h e Cross of C h r i s t , ' '

i n 1909 and i n c l u d e d a s e c t i o n from Power f o r W i t n e s s i n g t h a t d e p i c t e d h i s view

of t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e atonement and h e a l i n g . 6 3

It i s of i n t e r e s t t o n o t e t h a t B a l l e n g e r ' s t e a c h i n g l e n t i t s e l f t o a c c u s a t i o n s

of u n i v e r s a l i s m . This was t h e l i n e t h a t P r e s c o t t had pursued a t t h e h e a r i n g on

May 22. Others throughout h i s m i n i s t r y l i k e w i s e r a i s e d t h a t p o i n t . H i s writings

make i t q u i t e a p p a r e n t , however, t h a t he d i d n o t s o b e l i e v e . It seems r e l e v a n t a l s o

t h a t M r s . White r a i s e d no such q u e s t i o n i n h e r testimony t o B a l l e n g e r .

While a d e t a i l e d a n a l y s i s of a l l E l l e n White s t a t e m e n t s p e r t a i n i n g t o B a l l e n g e r

i s beyond t h e scope of t h i s p a p e r , c e r t a i n o b s e r v a t i o n s seem v i t a l . It a p p e a r s

r e l e v a n t t o t h i s w r i t e r , t h a t when Mrs. White met B a l l e n g e r t h e day b e f o r e h i s

i n i t i a l p r e s e n t a t i o n s , "it came v i v i d l y " t o h e r mind t h a t h e r e was a man who had, i n

1890, advocated a p o s i t i o n t h a t , f o r t h e s a k e of r e a c h i n g a l a r g e r a u d i e n c e , would

have downplayed t h e Sabbath q u e s t i o n i n t h e r e l i g i o u s l i b e r t y p u b l i c a t i o n , The

---
American Sentinel. It would seem i n t h i s i n i t i a l r e a c t i o n t h a t Mrs. White was

n o t i c i n g t h e p e r s o n i f i c a t i o n of a movement t h a t was, i n r e a l i t y , d e s t r u c t i v e of

t h e fundamentals of t h e church. A s we have p r e v i o u s l y s e e n , v e r y o f t e n when Mrs.

White spoke a b o u t t h e proper r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e law and t h e g o s p e l , s h e

s t r o n g l y emphasized t h e importance of t h e Sabbath. Note t h i s 1891 example, when

E l l e n White a d d r e s s e d a c o u n c i l of conference o f f i c i a l s :

We must have a s e n s e of both t h e j u s t i c e and mercy of God. Those who can

b l e n d t o g e t h e r the law of God and t h e mercy of God can r e a c h any h e a r t . For
y e a r s I have s e e n t h a t t h e r e i s a broken l i n k which h a s k e p t us from r e a c h i n g
h e a r t s . This l i n k i s s u p p l i e d by p r e s e n t i n g t h e l o v e and mercy of God.
Immediately after making that statement, Mrs. White stressed the importance of the

Sabbath truth and spoke negatively of a reaction she saw within the church against

.
presenting the claims of the Sabbath too strongly 6 4

After this initial contact with Ballenger in 1905, Mrs. White also mentioned in

her Diary the "most dangerous heresies" that were seeking to find entrance "among

us as a people." She concluded her observations with the following:

Those who are so shortsighted that they will begin to do the work that some
others have been doing in ADVOCATING THE SENTIMENTS (emphasis added) contained
in Living Temple, are departing from the living God in spiritualistic satanic
experiences that will not do the souls who receive them any good. They are
departing from the faith, seeking to tear down the foundation of truth. ... I
testify in the name of the Lord that Elder Ballenger is led by satanic agencies
and spiritualistic, invisible leaders. Those who ve the guidance of the Holy
Spirit will turn away from these seducing spirits. 24
The May 24 testimony given to Ballenger contains abundant counsel to show him

the false path he was traveling. Mrs. White mentioned "erroneous theories''

mingled with truth, compared him with Kellogg and "many ministers among us" who

had "departed from Christ's plan," noted his "mystification" of the gospel,

considered that his teaching would "undermine the mighty truths" established for

ages, and also noted that his teaching was likewise destructive of the fundamental

Adventist truths. Mrs. White directly quoted heavenly counsel to Ballenger:

Our Instructor spoke words to Brother Ballenger: "You are bringing in

confusion and perplexity by your interpretation of the Scriptures. ...
Put away any exposition of Scripture which means, 'My Lord delayeth His coming.'

It can be seen that by bringing the benefits reserved for heaven to the present
life, Ballenger was, in effect, delaying the coming of the Lord. His de-emphasis

of the last warning message of Revelation can also be said to delay the return of

Christ. Mrs. White considered that Kellogg also "delayed" Christ Is return.66

Mrs. White then emphasized the role of the pioneers, living and dead, and urged

the reprinting of their articles. It should be noted that the pioneers had previously

met fanatical teachings, were strongly grounded in the fundamentals, and also strong

on the Spirit of Prophecy, which Ballenger was, in effect attacking, since his

concept of the inspiration of the Spirit of Prophecy allowed no way to harmonize

his teaching with it. Mrs. White concluded the testimony by affirming that the
Ballenger p a t h meant " t h e u p r o o t i n g of f a i t h i n God, and t h e making of i n f i d e l s . tr67

Other E l l e n White s t a t e m e n t s concerning B a l l e n g e r r e f e r r e d t o p a s t f a n a t i c a l

movements whose l e a d e r s t a u g h t d o c t r i n e s based upon " f a l s e e x p e r i e n c e , " " t h e o r i e s of

t h e kind t h a t h e h a s been p r e s e n t i n g , we have had t o meet a g a i n and again."68

A p o r t e n t i o u s e v e n t o c c u r r e d a t t h e c o n c l u s i o n of t h e 1905 GC s e s s i o n . Mrs.

White spoke w i t h g r e a t f e e l i n g about t h e s p i r i t u a l i s t i c s e n t i m e n t s coming i n t o t h e

church and a s s e r t e d :

I am t e r r i f i e d f o r o u r people. t o t h i n k t h a t thev a c t l i k e b l i n d men. a s

though thev could n o t c a l l wrong wrong, and r i g h t e o u s n e s s r i g h t e o u s n e s s .

''Her s o u l w a s g r e a t l y s t i r r e d , " r e p o r t e d W. A. S p i c e r . a s s h e r e c a l l e d e x p e r i e n c e

a f t e r e x p e r i e n c e i n t h e p a s t h i s t o r y of t h e church t h a t claimed a f a l s e s a n c t i f i c a -

tion. but eventuallv l e d t o fanaticism. She compared t h o s e s e n t i m e n t s w i t h t h e

L i v i n ~Temple philosophy. A t t h e c o n c l u s i o n of Mrs. White's t a l k t o t h e d e l e g a t e s ,

a f t e r s h e had l e f t t h e t e n t , A. T. Jones spoke and d i r e c t l y c o n t r a d i c t e d much of

what Mrs. White had s a i d . S p i c e r c o n s i d e r e d J o n e s ' t a l k , "following S i s t e r White's

awful warning," t o b e most d a r i n g . Jones a s s e r t e d t h a t h e was s t i l l t e a c h i n g t h e

t h i r d a n g e l ' s message, and continued:

and I e x p e c t t o c o n t i n u e t o t e a c h i t - - j u s t t h e p l a i n , old-fashioned, s t r a i g h t -
forward t r u t h of t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s message, j u s t a s i n t h e p a s t , j u s t a s I
have been t e a c h i n g i t a l l t h e y e a r s when I was orthodox. And t h a t i s t h e way
I i n t e n d t o do, w i t h o u t a compromise o r a n y t h i n g of t h e k i n d w i t h a n y t h i n g o r
anybody. I have no r e s p e c t f o r pantheism, s p i r i t u a l i s m , o r any o t h e r i s m
under heaven o r a n y t h i n g t h a t i s e x i s t i n g ; b u t only f o r t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s
message, and j u s t a s i t i s , j u s t a s I have always t a u g h t i t .

A t t h e same t i m e , h e r e f u s e d t o disavow t h e t e a c h i n g s of The Living Temple.

AFTERMATH

I n h e r May 24, 1905, testimony t o B a l l e n g e r , M r s . White quoted p o r t i o n s of

Matthew 7:

Beware of f a l s e p r o p h e t s , which come t o you i n s h e e p ' s c l o t h i n g , b u t inwardly

t h e y a r e ravening wolves. Ye s h a l l know them by t h e i r f r u i t s .

T h i s t e s t , a p p l i e d t o B a l l e n g e r , a f f o r d s f u r t h e r evidence of t h e f a l s e p a t h he

was t r a v e l i n g . 70
 A. F. B a l l e n g e r appeared b e f o r e t h e General Conference Committee on May 30,

1905, and a f f i r m e d t h a t h e continued t o b e l i e v e a s he d i d b e f o r e h i s h e a r i n g a t t h e

GC s e s s i o n . We might observe t h a t B a l l e n g e r ' s c e n t r a l hope f o r l i g h t was t h e May

24 testimony from Mrs. White s i n c e t h e t h r e e t h e o l o g i c a l responses t o h i s p r e s e n t a -

t i o n s were completely i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h each o t h e r . E. E . Andross, who, w i t h E. W.

Farnsworth, heard t h e B a l l e n g e r p r e s e n t a t i o n f o r t h e t h i r d time a t t h e s e s s i o n ,

s t a t e d i n 1911:

I t e l l you ( t h e B a l l e n g e r t h e o r y ) i s n o t a t h i n g t o be passed by l i g h t l y .
There was n o t one of us t h a t could answer i t a t t h e beginning. We could t u r n
t o t h e Testimonies and s a y i t w a s n o t t r u e . We knew t h a t i t w a s wrong, b u t
we d i d n o t know how t h e B i b l e t a u g h t t h a t i t was wrong, b u t somehow o u r h e a r t s
s a i d That i s n o t r i g h t , and t h e t e s t i m o n i e s confirmed t h e language of our
h e a r t s , b u t we could n o t s a y , "Brother B a l l e n g e r , you a r e wrong, f o r t h e B i b l e
t e a c h e s i t d i f f e r e n t l y from t h a t . " While we b e l i e v e d t h e o l d p o s i t i o n , we
could n o t answer t h e new p o s i t i o n . That was t h e s i t u a t i o n t h a t c o n f r o n t e d u s .
But, thank t h e Lord, we can answer i t to-day from t h e B i b l e , and t h e B i b l e
a l o n e , too.

B a l l e n g e r r e t i r e d from t h e m i n i s t r y t o h i s 25-acre farm i n V i r g i n i a . 7 1

The g e n e r a l r u l e t h a t $he consequence of p a n t h e i s t t e a c h i n g r e s u l t e d i n havoc

t o t h e fundamental t e a c h i n g s of t h e church a g a i n h e l d i n t h e c a s e of B a l l e n g e r .

A f t e r l e a v i n g t h e m i n i s t r y both B a l l e n g e r and William Hutchinson maintained

correspondence w i t h t h e i r former c o n g r e g a t i o n s i n I r e l a n d and Wales. Practically a l l

t h e b e l i e v e r s i n B a l l e n g e r ' s church i n Wales, i n c l u d i n g t h e e l d e r s and a B i b l e

worker, l e f t t h e denomination e n t i r e l y and a c c o r d i n g t o Andross, gave up t h e Sabbath.

Only t h e a c t i v e l a b o r s of D a n i e l l s and Androsv i n I r e l a n d and Wales prevented

g r e a t e r l o s s e s . 72

B a l l e n g e r remained r e l a t i v e l y q u i e t i n denominational a f f a i r s u n t i l 1909, when

h e wrote a l e t t e r t o Mrs. White t h a t h e l a t e r p u b l i s h e d t h a t same y e a r i n h i s

pamphlet "Cast Out f o r t h e Cross of C h r i s t . " I n t h a t l e t t e r he quoted 12 passages

of s c r i p t u r e . t h a t use t h e terms "within" and "without t h e v e i l . " He a l s o quor:ed

--
Plrs. White's u s e of t h e term " w i t h i n t h e v e i l " i n L r e a t C o n t ~ o v e r s y . H i s assumption

t h a t M r 3 . White used t h e term "within" i n a s t r i c t l y t h e o l o g i c a l manner guided hxs

c o n c l u s i o n s a s h i e e a r l i e r m d e r s t a n d i n g of h e r comments concerning R e v e l s t i m 1.7 had.

He t h u s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e S p i r i t of Prcphecy was not: in hbrmony w i t h B i b l i c a l t e a c h i n g .

I n t h e same l e t t e r B a l l e n g e r f u r t h e r e x h i b i t e d h i s l i t e r a l i s m r e g a r d i n g Mrs. White's

use of t h e term " d a i l y . " The f o l l o w i n g i l l u s t r a t e s h i s dilemma:

A s my s e c r e t t r i a l f o u r y e a r s ago, t h r e e l e a d i n g b r e t h r e n were chosen t o

answer m e . ( I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e i n p a s s i n g t h a t two o u t of t h e t h r e e
were t h e n and are s t i l l under your condemnation inasmuch a s t h e y b o t h t e a c h
t h a t t h e " d a i l y " of Dan. 8:13 r e f e r s t o t h e heavenly s e r v i c e i n s t e a d of
paganism a s t a u g h t by you i n E a r l y W r i t i n g s . ) I n p r i v a t e c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h m e
one took t h e p o s i t i o n t h a t " w i t h i n t h e v e i l " meant w i t h i n t h e s a n c t u a r y , b u t
d i d n o t r e f e r t o e i t h e r a p a r t m e n t . Another a s s e r t e d a t t h e t r i a l t h a t t h e term
a p p l i e d t o t h e f i r s t apartment a s you have i n t e r p r e t e d i t . The t h i r d , compelled
by t h e w i t n e s s e s ( B i b l i c a l ) quoted above a d m i t t e d i n h i s answer t h a t t h e term
" w i t h i n t h e v e i l " does a p p l y t o t h e h o l y of h o l i e s , b u t t h a t i t i s spoken
p r o p h e t i c a l l y , and a l t h o u g h t h e s c r i p t u r e s a y s C h r i s t i s e n t e r e d "within t h e
v e i l " we a r e t o understand i t t o mean t h a t h e w i l l e n t e r i t i n 1844. T h i s
b a b e l of v o i c e s d i d n o t h e l p m e t o s e e my e r r o r , i f e r r o r i t b e . 7 3

B a l l e n g e r assumed, g i v e n h i s manner of i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy,

t h a t F. M. Wilcox and W. W. P r e s c o t t , r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e e a r l i e r q u o t a t i o n , who

h e l d t o t h e "new view" of t h e " d a i l y " had t o b e "under your condemnation" s i n c e t h a t

view, t o B a l l e n g e r , opposed Mrs. White's use of t h a t term i n E a r l y W r i t i n g s . He

l i k e w i s e assumed t h e y were condemned by t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy i n t h e i r 1905

i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e terms " w i t h i n t h e v e i l . " The n e x t y e a r Mrs. White would

completely deny t h a t s h e used t h e term " d a i l y " i n a t h e o l o g i c a l s e n s e . The y e a r

f o l l o w i n g , i n 1911, by h e r a p p r o v a l i n p l a c i n g t h e word "alone" i n h e r d i s c u s s i o n

of Babylon i n t h e r e v i s i o n of G r e a t Controversy, Mrs. White would l i k e w i s e deny

using the e a r l i e r expression i n a s t r i c t theological sense. We can t h u s s e e t h a t ,

because of h i s l i t e r a l and s p e c i f i c r e a d i n g of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy, B a l l e n g e r

l o s t h i s f a i t h i n t h e guidance of t h a t g i f t over t h r e e words: "alone," " w i t h i n , " and

"daily." H i s assumption t h a t Mrs. White used t h e term " w i t h i n t h e v e i l " i n a

s t r i c t l y t h e o l o g i c a l s e t t i n g guided B a l l e n g e r ' s a c t i o n s f o r t h e remainder of h i s

l i f e and h i s c o n c l u s i o n s followed:

I f I a c c e p t t h e testimony of t h e S c r i p t u r e s , i f I f o l l o w my c o n s c i e n t i o u s
c o n v i c t i o n s , I f i n d myself under your condemnation; and you c a l l me a wolf
i n sheep ' s c l o t h i n g .

B a l l e n g e r a p p a r e n t l y never a d m i t t e d t h a t h i s "path" t o t h e s a n c t u a r y might be h i s

e r r o r . 74

A f t e r 1909, B a l l e n g e r began more a c t i v e l y working a g a i n s t t h e denomination. He

 32
aligned with A. T. Jones in 1911 and by 1912 was visiting churches throughout the

country espousing his cause. He assumed publication of the periodical The

- Gathering
Call, which he edited until his death in 1921. The publication assumed an anti-

organization tone and closely identified with the Pentecostal movement, stressing

divine healings, speaking in tongues, and "Receive ye the Holy Ghost." The

following report to the General Conference office in 1916 seems relevant:

A letter from Elder R. A . Underwood states that A. F. Ballenger is doing some

serious damage to the work in College View. Brother Underwood says that about
200 of our people have been attending his meetings and that he is making a
decided impression upon many minds. His special point of attack is the
Testimonies. He rakes up the theory of verbal inspiration and infallibility,
which has been advocated by Brethren Irwin, Haskell, Loughborough, and others,
and then cites the facts to prove that this theory is not correct. Brother
Underwood states that many are being thrown into confusion by this attack. This
experience emphasizes the necessity of instructing our people concerning the
true nature of the Spirit of Prophecy.75

Ballenger's actions after 1909 were part of a more general attack upon the

denomination coming primarily from former denominational workers who were active

in church work in the late 1890s, but who followed paths that led them into

pantheism. Attempts were made as early as 1905 to enlist the support of the pioneers

in that movement. Haskell, in 1905, believed it providential that Kellogg should

invite him to teach at the sanitarium in Battle Creek for several weeks, since he

feared the inroads the Ballenger teaching was making there. He was somewhat

surprised at Mrs. White's reaction, however, when she wrote Haskell and his wife:

I have been instructed that an effort would be made to obtain your names as
teachers to the nurses at Battle Creek, so that the managers of the Sanitarium
can say to our people that Elder and Mrs. Haskell are to give a course of
lessons to the Battle Creek Sanitarium nurses, and use this as a means of
decoying to Battle Creek those who otherwise would heed the cautions about
going there for their education.

I warn you against doing anything which would help those who are working
directly contrary to the counsels of God. to carrv out anv of their deceptive
plans. I know vou would not willinn place vourself in anv such ~osition.and I
warn vou because I know the men and the ~ l a n sbetter than vou do.76

At about the same time Mrs. White was writinn to Haskell. Daniells was seeing

concerted efforts leading to "a subtle, flanking movement . . . which will carry
the day unless we do something decided." He saw the movement spreading beyond

Battle Creek and made appeals to Mrs. White and the pioneers for a united front.
 33

This alliance between pioneers and progressives against the pantheists became complete

by 1906 because of counsel from the Spirit of Prophecy as well as the overt

attacks of the pantheists upon the Spirit of Prophecy. Butler underwent "one of the

most remarkable changes in his life," and offered his full support to Daniells.

Others, such as Haskell, Loughborough, and S. H. Lane, moved away from any support or

sympathy of the Battle Creek group and offered their fullest support to D a n i e l l ~ . ~ ~

Between 1905 and 1911, an amazing recycling of the message of the 1890s began

with such men as J. W. Scoles, L. K. Morgan, Irving Keck, L. H. Crisler, A. T. Jones,

A. F. Ballenger, E. J. Dryer, E. J. Waggoner, W. L. Winner, E. E. Franke, L. C.

Sheafe, G. E. Nfield, J. A. L. Derby, S. S. Davis, L. A. Phippeny, and a number of

others. The essential difference between this movement and the movement of the

late 1890s was that now this group was working outside of the church and calling for

a revival that would bring God's true people out of the existing church organizations.

This seemed a logical conclusion from the assumption of the group that all believers

a possessed the spirit of prophecy and could themselves distinguish inspired from

uninspired evidence. The alliance included a score of publications, tracts and

periodicals.

J. W. Scoles summarized the message in the Platform --

and Voice periodical with his

article entitled "The Harvest Message." After his observation that "those who ...
see clearly their privileges under the New Covenant" would not die, Scoles offered

these general characteristics of that message:

1. It symbolizes a work of coming out from existing organizations. ...2. The

Harvest Message is a message of holiness. ...3. This message is also to be
a message of power. ... Power for witnessing, power for service, power for
sacrifice, power for healing, power to live as becomes those whose God is the
Lord; in short, the ower of the Holy Ghost in and upon them. ...
It
Receive
ye the Holy Ghost.11 7g

In his publication, - and the Harvest Message, L. A.

The Straight Testimony --

Phippeny had a similar message in October of 1911. He recycled the 1890s experience

in an article entitled "Absolute Freedom for Spirit, Soul and Body." Phippeny

asserted, "To be free from the evils human flesh is heir to is the present

privilege of every son and daughter of Adam." The root to this freedom, according
t o Phippeny, was t h e atonement. He observed:

Beloved, t h e r e i s h e a l i n g of s i n , of sorrow, of f e a r , of f r e t and impatience,

and of s i c k n e s s , a l l on t h e same b a s i s of t h e atonement i n t h e BLOOD of t h e Cross,
and a l l on t h e same p l a n e of l i v i n g f a i t h i n t h e power of t h e l i v i n g NAME, t o
@
work m i r a c l e s today j u s t a s when J e s u s walked t h e e a r t h , o r when " s i g n s and
wonders1' were performed through S p i r i t f i l l e d b e l i e v e r s i n t h e e a r l y church.79

The p a t h of L. H. C r i s l e r , p r e s i d e n t of t h e F l o r i d a Conference from 1893 t o

1901 and 1906 and 1907, was s i m i l a r . Crisler, f a t h e r of C. C . C r i s l e r who was t h e n

working a t t h e Elmshaven o f f i c e w i t h Mrs. White, gave evidence of h i s non-

i n t e r p r e t a t i v e o r l i t e r a l i s t i c s t a n c e r e l a t i v e t o t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy, when he

made a major i s s u e of t h e b u t t e r q u e s t i o n d u r i n g h i s l a s t y e a r a s p r e s i d e n t of t h e

F l o r i d a Conference. H e was stunned when volume n i n e of t h e Testimonies was pub-

l i s h e d i n 1909 and Mrs. White seemed t o t a k e a p o s i t i o n more f l e x i b l e t h a n i n t h e

e a r l y volumes on t h e b u t t e r q u e s t i o n . A f t e r r e a d i n g B a l l e n g e r ' s t r a c t , C r i s l e r soon

l e f t t h e church and b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e Lord worked w i t h t h e few o u t s i d e of t h e organiza-

t i o n r a t h e r t h a n w i t h t h e many w i t h i n t h e church. C. C. C r i s l e r r e p o r t e d t h a t h i s

f a t h e r was "looking f o r t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n of s p e c i a l power" among t h o s e few. He

l i k e w i s e noted h i s f a t h e r ' s sympathies w i t h A. T . J o n e s , B a l l e n g e r , Wangoner, E. J .

Dryer and E . E. Franke. 80

W. A . S p i c e r commented on t h e C r i s l e r e x p e r i e n c e :

He ... seems a b s o l u t e l y committed ( t o h i s p o s i t i o n ) , and r e p u d i a t e s a l l t h e

Testimonies. It i s t h e l o g i c a l n e x t s t e p a f t e r what he d i d w i t h t h e t e s t i m o n i e s
on t h e b u t t e r q u e s t i o n . There a r e some o t h e r s who w i l l go t h e same road i f
thev a r e l o g i c a l , u n l e s s t h e v reform.

Rather s i g n i f i c a n t l y , S p i c e r concluded t h i s thought w i t h t h e o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t h e

b e l i e v e d t h e r e were " s t r e a k s of reform" o c c u r r i n g "on t h e manner of h a n d l i n g e v i -

dence and u s i n g documents." He a l s o made t h e f o l l o w i n g g e n e r a l o b s e r v a t i o n on t h e

p a n t h e i s t movement d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d :

Men swing from one s i d e t o t h e o t h e r , from o v e r - s p i r i t u a l i z a t i o n and t h e f a n c i f u l ,

t o r e p u d i a t i o n of fundamentals; from u s i n g t h e t e s t i m o n i e s a s t h e supreme t e s t
of d o c t r i n e , t o r e p u d i a t i n g them a l t o g e t h e r . 81

By 1911, many w i t h i n t h e denomination q u e s t i o n e d why no a d e q u a t e response t o t h e

Ballenger pamphlet, "Cast Out f o r t h e Cross of ~ h r i s t "had been p u b l i s h e d . Butler,

a
i n 1911, had w r i t t e n s i x a r t i c l e s f o r t h e Review f o r such a purpose, b u t r e a c t i o n s
 t o t h o s e a r t i c l e s were n e g a t i v e . R e f l e c t i n g upon t h e s i t u a t i o n , I r w i n observed t h a t

s i n c e no one i n 1905 had a d e q u a t e l y responded t o t h e B a l l e n g e r theology " t o t h e

s a t i s f a c t i o n of e i t h e r B r o t h e r B a l l e n g e r o r t h o s e who l i s t e n e d , " and i n 1911, no one

seemed p l e a s e d w i t h t h e B u t l e r response, a n o t h e r a t t e m p t b e made bv E . E. Andross,

who had been responding t o B a l l e n ~ e rthroughout C a l i f o r n i a . D a n i e l l s had f e a r s of

s u c h a p r o i e c t , however. He w r o t e W . C .-mite:
I have t r a v e l e d a l l o v e r t h e United S t a t e s . a s vou know, d u r i n g t h e l a s t v e a r ,
and have had o p p o r t u n i t y t o i n t e r v i e w hundreds of o u r m i n i s t e r s . and I do n o t
t h i n k t h e r e a r e v e r v manv e a s t of t h e Rocky Mountains who f e e l v e r y anxious
t o have a book on t h i s s u b i e c t appear a t t h e p r e s e n t time. The s u b j e c t i s
complex, and many f e e l t h a t f o r t h e p r e s e n t t h e l e a s t t h a t i s s a i d t h e b e t t e r .
I suppose you know t h a t t h e r e i s q u i t e a d i f f e r e n c e of o p i n i o n among our min-
isters r e g a r d i n g some f e a t u r e s of t h e Sanctuary q u e s t i o n . Some of us f e e l t h a t
B a l l e n g e r , J o n e s , Crisler, and Keck c o u l d have n o t h i n g b e t t e r p l a c e d i n t h e i r
hands t h a n p o s i t i o n s concerning which o u r l e a d i n n men could n o t a g r e e . I
have wondered i f s i l e n c e i u s t f o r t h e p r e s e n t would n o t b e a s golden r e g a r d i n g
t h i s a u e s t i o n a s t h e D a i l y . I am s u r e t h a t some of t h e arguments p r e s e n t e d by
B r o t h e r Andross i n h i s manuscript would b e r e p u d i a t e d by a l a r g e number of our
m i n i s t e r s . 81%

The committee a p p o i n t e d t o examine t h e Andross m a n u s c r i p t , c o n s i s t e d of W. W.

a P r e s c o t t , F. M. Wilcox and C. M. Snow. A f t e r r e a d i n g what was t o become c h a p t e r

t h r e e of t h e Andross book, t h e y s e n t a seven-page e v a l u a t i o n t o Andross which

stated i n part:

When you adopt t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n which you f o l l o w i n your m a n u s c r i p t , you

r e a l l y deny t h e e f f i c a c y of t h e new covenant p r e v i o u s t o t h e c r o s s , and r e a l l y
a f f i r m t h a t t h e Word of God and t h e o a t h of God were n o t s u f f i c i e n t t o make t h e
new covenant s u r e . T h i s seems t o us t o b e a very s e r i o u s p e r v e r s i o n of t h e
t e a c h i n g of t h e g o s p e l , and t h a t i t i n v o l v e s i f p o s s i b l e , worse consequences
t h a n t h e t e a c h i n g s of B a l l e n g e r .

Andross' p o s i t i o n on t h e covenants, l a t e r p u b l i s h e d i n h i s book, make i t c l e a r t h a t

h e , a l o n g w i t h o t h e r s such a s Underwood and R. S. Owen, who had p r e v i o u s l y r e v e r t e d

t o t h e pre-1888 t o 1890 p o s i t i o n on t h e covenants, never a c c e p t e d t h e new view of

t h e covenants, endorsed by Mrs. White i n 1890. When i t i s recognized t h a t Owen's

d i s p e n s a t i o n a l i s t p o s i t i o n was p u b l i s h e d i n t h e Sabbath School l e s s o n s i n 1907 and

Andross' s a n c t u a r y manuscript was p u b l i s h e d i n 1912, i t seems a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e o l o g i c a l

p o s i t i o n s were g i v e n a wide range of f l e x i b i l i t y d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d . That i s , up t o

@ a c e r t a i n p o i n t a s t h e d e b a t e on t h e " d a i l y " was t o
 -

36

AN ALTERNATE PATH TO THE SANCTUARY

I n 1911, when t h e denomination was s t i l l w a i t i n g f o r a n a c c e p t a b l e response t o

-
B a l l e n g e r ' s a t t a c k s , F. M. Wilcox, e d i t o r of t h e Review and Herald, s u g g e s t e d t h a t

P r e s c o t t r e f u t e Ballenger. P r e s c o t t could n o t do s o , t h e l a t t e r a f f i r m e d , because

B a l l e n g e r ' s book, a c c o r d i n g t o P r e s c o t t , could o n l y b e r e f u t e d by thoroughly

examining Daniel 8. By 1911, however, a thorough c o n t e x t u a l s t u d y of t h a t c h a p t e r

was n o t p o s s i b l e i n any p u b l i c manner. The r e a s o n involved t h e r a p i d l y crumbling

a l l i a n c e between t h e p i o n e e r s and t h e p r o g r e s s i v e s . 8 3

One of t h e t r a g e d i e s of t h e p e r i o d we have been examining i s t h e l o s s t h e church

s u s t a i n e d when t h e dynamic m i n i s t e r s of t h e 1890s s u b v e r t e d i t s t r u t h s . The a p o s t a c i e s

of t h e p a n t h e i s t s s e r v e d t o p a r t i a l l y e c l i p s e c e r t a i n of t h e advanced t r u t h s t h a t

they h e l d . Changes i n theology r e l a t i n g t o t h e law i n G a l a t i a n s and t h e covenants

illustrate that fact. It i s of i n t e r e s t t o n o t e t h a t most of t h e p a n t h e i s t s a l s o

h e l d t o c e r t a i n s p e c i f i c concepts r e l a t i n g t o s a n c t u a r y theology. Their p a n t h e i s t i c

views, however, e c l i p s e d any c o n t r i b u t i o n they might have made r e l a t i v e t o t h e

s p e c i f i c s of s a n c t u a r y theology. G. E . F i f i e l d , m i n i s t e r i n t h e New England Con-

f e r e n c e , p r e s e n t e d a s e a r l y a s 1897, t h e i n g r e d i e n t s of what w a s t o become known

a s t h e "new view" of t h e " d a i l y . " The denominational d e b a t e on t h e meaning of t h e

term " d a i l y " i n Daniel 8 : l l - 1 3 became i n some ways, a s i n t e n s e a s t h e c o n f l i c t

w i t h t h e p a n t h e i s t s . 84

From 1898 onward. L. R. Conradi h e l d t o a view of t h e " d a i l v " t h a t c o n s i d e r e d

t h e term t o r e f e r t o t h e c o n t i n u a l mediation of C h r i s t i n t h e heavenlv s a n c t u a r v and

t h a t view w a s a c c e p t e d and t a u g h t i n England bv P r e s c o t t and Warrnoner. The p o t e n t i a l

f o r c o n f l i c t became a p p a r e n t a t l e a s t by 1900 when E. E . Andross wrote H a s k e l l t h a t

t h e new view c o n f l i c t e d w i t h Mrs. White's s t a t e m e n t concerning t h e " d a i l y " i n

-
Early W r i t i n g s . 85

Conradi and P r e s c o t t p r e s e n t e d t h e new view t o D a n i e l l s a s he t r a v e l e d through

Europe i n 1900 on h i s way t o t h e 1901 GC s e s s i o n , and a t t h e s e s s i o n , Waggoner and

P r e s c o t t sought t o p r e s e n t t h i s view t o Mrs. White. A t t h a t same s e s s i o n , Kellogg

 37
*
informed H a s k e l l and perhaps o t h e r s t h a t t h e denomination was i n c o r r e c t i n i t s

s a n c t u a r y t e a c h i n g , perhaps i n d i c a t i n g t h a t Kellogg h e l d t o t h e new p o s i t i o n . Mrs.

White's r e a c t i o n i s of i n t e n s e i n t e r e s t . 86

According t o W. C. White, M r s . White was i n s t r u c t e d n o t t o l i s t e n t o t h e

views of Waggoner and P r e s c o t t "because t h a t which they were counting a s of s u p e r i o r

v a l u e was mingled w i t h views t h a t were misleading." I t must b e r e c a l l e d t h a t i t was

a t t h i s s e s s i o n t h a t Mrs. White, through v i s i o n , was warned a g a i n s t " o v e r s t r a i n e d

i d e a s of s a n c t i f i c a t i o n , " and t h e s e n t i m e n t s t h e n h e l d by P r e s c o t t and Waggoner.

Indeed, a t t h e Conference, M r s . White, i n h e r p u b l i c a d d r e s s e s , "was l e d t o speak

words i n t e n d e d t o c o u n t e r a c t t h e i r i n f l u e n c e . " A s p r e v i o u s l y n o t e d , s h e had been

g i v e n similar warnings f o r Kellogg. D a n i e l l s l a t e r wrote M r s . White r e g a r d i n g t h i s

matter:

I have r e a d w i t h c a r e what you s a y r e g a r d i n g t h e q u e s t i o n of s a n c t i f i c a t i o n a s

p r e s e n t e d i n t h e s t a t e m e n t s by B r e t h r e n P r e s c o t t and Waggoner a t t h e General
Conference of 1901. I have r e a d t h i s t o Brother P r e s c o t t , and t a l k e d w i t h him
f r e e l y r e g a r d i n g t h e m a t t e r . I can n o t f u l l y g r a s p a l l t h a t t h e r e seems t o
b e i n t h i s m a t t e r from your b r i e f r e f e r e n c e t o i t . Brother P r e s c o t t s a y s he
can s e e v e r y c l e a r l y t h e dangerous p a t h he and Brother Waggoner were then
t r a v e l i n g i n . He s a y s t h a t i t had g r a d u a l l y been dawning upon h i s mind i n
England b e f o r e h e came t o t h e Conference. I t h i n k t h a t what o c c u r r e d a t t h e
Conference s e t P r o f e s s o r P r e s c o t t t o t h i n k i n g ; f o r s i n c e t h a t time, i t h a s
seemed t o me t h a t h e h a s t a k e n up t h e fundamental t r u t h s of t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s
message, and g i v e n them a prominence t h a t they have n o t r e c e i v e d f o r many y e a r s .
Our b r e t h r e n everywhere r e c o g n i z e t h a t Brother P r e s c o t t i s r e v i v i n g t h e grand
o l d t r u t h s a s they were brought o u t and p r e s e n t e d by t h e p i o n e e r s i n t h i s work.

A completely d i f f e r e n t p a t h was pursued by Kellogg and Waggoner. M r s . White wrote

Kellogg i n l a t e 1901:

You a r e c a r r y i n g o u t your p l a n s z e a l o u s l y , and may b r i n g about t h i n g s t h a t I

supposed t h e t e s t i m o n i e s borne a t t h e l a s t conference would f o r e v e r p l a c e i n
a d i f f e r e n t l i g h t . You mingle w i t h many good and important i n t e r e s t s , t h e
wisdom of your own mind and p l a n n i n g ; and who s h a l l i n t h e f u t u r e s e p a r a t e t h e
erroneous from t h e t r u e ?

D e s p i t e t h i s background, i t i s of g r e a t s i g n i f i c a n c e t h a t Mrs. White d i d n o t

h e r s e l f e i t h e r examine o r condemn t h e theology of t h e new views t h a t Waggoner and

P r e s c o t t wanted t o p r e s e n t t o h e r . Mrs. White i n s t e a d s u g g e s t e d t h a t they p r e s e n t

t h e i r p o s i t i o n s t o Uriah Smith t o g e t h i s r e a c t i o n . 8 7

During t h e p a n t h e i s t c r i s i s of 1902 t o 1907, t h e d i s p u t e over t h e " d a i l y w

was, i n g e n e r a l , submerged, o r a t l e a s t c a r r i e d on i n a v e i l e d manner. Beginning

 38 *
i n 1907, t h e denominational p o s i t i o n a s e n u n c i a t e d i n t h e books of Uriah Smith and

o t h e r s , concerning t h e c o n t e x t of Daniel 8 came under s e v e r e a t t a c k by non-

A d v e n t i s t s and former A d v e n t i s t s . M. E. Kellogg and John Kolvoord, formerly

a
denominational e d i t o r s , demonstrated t h e problems t h e denomination would f a c e i f i t

h e l d t o t h e Smith i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s . P r e s c o t t observed:

It i s o n l y a q u e s t i o n of time when t h e p r e s e n t t e a c h i n g concerning t h e d a i l y

w i l l b e d i s c a r d e d , and t h e s o o n e r we do i t , t h e e a s i e r i t w i l l b e t o do.

The former e d i t o r s would s h o r t l y b e j o i n e d by B a l l e n g e r , L. A. Phippeny, and a h o s t

of o t h e r s . The GC Committee i n t h e f a l l of 1907, s t u d i e d t h e s u b j e c t r a t h e r f u l l y

and a t t h a t time, D a n i e l l s f u l l y accepted t h e views h e l d by P r e s c o t t and Conradi.

That view had a l r e a d y been widely a c c e p t e d among European b e l i e v e r s . 88

During t h e 1909 GC s e s s i o n , t h e two views of t h e " d a i l y " were given a p u b l i c

a i r i n g f o r t h e f i r s t time. The w r i t i n g and d i s t r i b u t i o n t o t h e d e l e g a t e s of a t r a c t

by 0. A. Johnson t h a t s u p p o r t e d t h e o l d view t h a t contended t h a t t h e " d a i l y "

r e p r e s e n t e d paganism provided t h e s p a r k f o r a two-evening d i s c u s s i o n of t h e s u b j e c t

following t h e s e s s i o n . W. C. White, who c h a i r e d t h e meetings, noted t h a t , i n most

a
c a s e s , t h e d i s c u s s i o n s were n o t a n t a g o n i s t i c , e x c e p t f o r a paper by L. A. Smith,

son of Uriah and e d i t o r of t h e Southern Watchman, t h a t he l e f t w i t h t h e d e l e g a t e s a f t e r

he departed f o r Nashville. Smith and F . & G i l b e r t , then a m i n i s t e r i n the A t l a n t i c

Union, s h o r t l y t h e r e a f t e r p u b l i s h e d a t r a c t t h a t g r e a t l y inflamed t h e s i t u a t i o n .

Daniells asserted that the t r a c t e n t i t l e d " 'The ~ a i l y 'i n t h e Prophecy of ~ a n i e l "

contained

g r a v e and unwarranted s t a t e m e n t s ... concerning t h e B i b l e s t u d e n t s who had

become convinced of c e r t a i n weaknesses i n o u r former e x p o s i t i o n of Daniel 8:
9-14, and who had been endeavoring t o p l a c e upon t h i s p o r t i o n of s c r i p t u r e an
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t would be more f u l l y i n harmony w i t h t h e r e a d i n g of t h e B i b l e
and w i t h t h e f a c t s of h i s t o r y . These s t a t e m e n t s were of s o s e r i o u s a n a t u r e
as t o t e n d t o undermine c o n f i d e n c e i n t h e orthodoxy of many who today a r e
s t a n d i n g i n p o s i t i o n s of r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n t h e c a u s e of God; and i t was deemed
i m p e r a t i v e t h a t some r e p l y b e made, i n o r d e r t h a t t h o s e who could n o t o t h e r -
w i s e have a n understanding o f t h e r e a l f a c t s , might n o t be l e f t t o make t h e
m i s t a k e of withdrawing t h e i r confidence from t h o s e who were s t r i v i n g t o b e t r u e
t o t h e h i g h e s t i n t e r e s t s of t h e cause of God, and t r u e t o t h e i r b r e t h r e n . 8 9

Smith and G i l b e r t contended t h a t t h e new view completely and consciously

a t t a c k e d t h e fundamental t e a c h i n g s of t h e church, both i n terms of d o c t r i n e

 and i n t h e r o l e of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy, " t h e i n f a l l i b l e i n t e r p r e t e r of t h e Bible."

a They a l l e g e d :

Never i n t h e h i s t o r y of t h i s cause have we been o b l i g e d t o c o n f e s s o u r s e l v e s

i n e r r o r . Never have we been o b l i g e d t o r e t r a c t one t h i n g t h a t we have
proclaimed t o t h e world as a p a r t of t h i s message.

They quoted t h e s t a t e m e n t i n E a r l y W r i t i n g s :

Then I s a w i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e " d a i l y , " Dan. 8:12, ( s i c ) t h a t t h e word "sac-

r i f i c e " w a s s u p p l i e d by man's wisdom, and does n o t belong t o t h e t e x t ; and t h a t
t h e Lord gave t h e c o r r e c t view of i t t o t h o s e who gave t h e judgment hour c r y .

and t h e n r a i s e d t h e q u e s t i o n

as t o whether t h e Lord means what h e s a y s o r whether h e s a y s one t h i n g when he

means a n o t h e r . ... T h i s new view of " t h e d a i l y , " t h e r e f o r e , s q u a r e l y con-
t r a d i c t s t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy. There i s no p o s s i b l e e s c a p e from t h i s
conclusion. ... That a view c o n t r a d i c t s t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy s h o u l d , we
t h i n k , b e s u f f i c i e n t condemnation of i t i n t h e minds of a l l Seventh-day
A d v e n t i s t s t o cause them t o drop i t a t t h e s t a r t . 9 0

The w r i t e r s a l s o made o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t e n t i o n s :

(1) The church of God h a s always had an i n f a l l i b l e i n t e r p r e t e r of t h e Word of

God; were i t n o t f o r t h i s f a c t where would t h e people of God have been a l l
through t h e a g e s ? Why d i d God have p r o p h e t s ? Why d i d h e g i v e t h e church t h e
g i f t of prophecy? Was i t n o t t h a t t h e church might have t h e t r u e understanding
of t h e Word of God? There a r e s c o r e s of t e x t s i n t h e B i b l e of which, i f t h e
Holy Ghost had n o t g i v e n t h e t r u e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of them, through t h e p r o p h e t s
of t h e Lord, we should never have known t h e meaning.

( 2 ) A t t h e end of t h e 2300 days, s a y s t h e prophecy, "then s h a l l t h e s a n c t u a r y

b e c l e a n s e d . " The new t h e o r y of " t h e d a i l y " makes t h e prophecy s a y , "then
s h a l l t h e s a n c t u a r y b e j u s t i f i e d , " meaning t h a t t h e n s h a l l t h e knowledge of
C h r i s t ' s m i n i s t r a t i o n i n t h e s a n c t u a r y be made known, as h a s been dune by
Seventh-day A d v e n t i s t s . But " j u s t i f i e d , " i n t h i s s e n s e of t h e word, does n o t
mean "cleansed" by t h e i n v e s t i g a t i v e judgment. ... Was t h e s a n c t u a r y t o b e
" j u s t i f i e d , " a s h e r e d e s c r i b e d , o r was i t t o be "cleansed"? The prophecy
does n o t s a y i t w a s t o b e b o t h j u s t i f i e d and c l e a n s e d . I f i t w a s t o b e
" j u s t i f i e d , " as t h e new t h e o r y e x p l a i n s , t h e n t h e r e i s no prophecy t h a t t h e
s a n c t u a r y i s t o b e "cleansed" a t a l l ! But we cannot r e l i n q u i s h t h e fundamental
d o c t r i n e of t h e c l e a n s i n g of t h e s a n c t u a r y ; and we must e m p h a t i c a l l y p r o t e s t
a g a i n s t any t e a c h i n g which would tend t o throw t h a t fundamental d o c t r i n e
i n t o t h e background .91

L. A. Smith had f u r t h e r m u n i t i o n t o a t t a c k t h e new view by 1910 f o r E. J .

Waggoner had, probably i n a d v e r t e n t l y , e n t e r e d t h e c o n t r o v e r s y when h e wrote t o

C. P. Bollman, v i c e p r e s i d e n t of t h e Southern P u b l i s h i n g A s s o c i a t i o n :

I was i n t e n s e l y i n t e r e s t e d i n t h a t intra-denominational war over t h e " d a i l y . " I

knew t h e view t h a t P r e s c o t t h e l d i n London and which Conradi t e a c h e s i n h i s
German book on Daniel and do n o t s e e how anybody who h a s r e g a r d t o t h e S c r i p t u r e s
can h o l d any o t h e r view. I mean any one who r e g a r d s t h e S c r i p t u r e s a s above
 a l l o t h e r books and s u f f i c i e n t i n themselves. But t h e i n t e r e s t becomes t h e
g r e a t e r when I h e a r t h a t W. C. White h o l d s w i t h t h e "new view" s i n c e "Early
Writings" most c l e a r l y and d e c i d e d l y d e c l a r e s f o r t h e "Old view." ... I
a
do n o t b e l i e v e t h a t t h e r e i s r e a l l y any d i f f e r e n c e of o p i n i o n a s t o what S i s t e r
White's words on t h e s u b j e c t mean. I should h a t e t o have t o t h i n k t h a t t h e
l e a d e r s of t h e denomination a r e unable t o a r r i v e a t t h e meaning of a s i m p l e
unequivocal s t a t e m e n t .

Smith i d e n t i f i e d b o t h Jones and Waggoner a s b e l i e v i n g i n t h e new view "as he

p o s i t i v e l y knew." He observed, however, t h a t t h e i r h o l d i n g t h a t view was i n s u f -

f i c i e n t t o keep them i n t h e denomation and a l t h o u g h they both " l e f t t h e t r u t h and

t u r n e d a g a i n s t t h e Testimonies," they continued t o b e l i e v e i n t h a t new view.

D a n i e l l s noted:

When A. T. Jones was l a s t i n Takoma Park, he had a long t a l k w i t h one of our

b r e t h r e n endeavoring t o convince him t h a t t h e Testimonies were a b s o l u t e l y a t
v a r i a n c e w i t h t h e B i b l e on t h e " d a i l y . " H i s manner of r e a s o n i n g and p r e s e n t i n g
t h e m a t t e r was s o p l a i n and a p p a r e n t l y s o c o r r e c t , t h a t i t gave t h i s b r o t h e r
q u i t e a shake up, and s e t him t o s t u d y i n g . The r e s u l t i s t h a t h e s e e s t h a t t h e
new view i s t h e o n l y t e n a b l e p o s i t i o n f o r u s t o t a k e a s r e g a r d s both t h e s c r i p -
t u r e s and t h e Testimonies.92

It i s of i n t e r e s t t o n o t e t h a t s i n c e 1900, a t l e a s t , both Jones and Waggoner

h e l d t o a view of t h e " d a i l y " t h a t they b e l i e v e d was completely a t v a r i a n c e w i t h

t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy. That b e l i e f was f o r c e d because of t h e i r understanding of

t h e n a t u r e of t h e i n s p i r a t i o n of Mrs. White. From t h a t s t a n d p o i n t a l o n e , i t seemed

t h a t t h e i r b r e a k w i t h t h e church would be forthcoming, u n l e s s they o b t a i n e d a n o t h e r

view of t h e i n s p i r a t i o n of E l l e n White.

I n responding t o t h e Smith-Gilbert pamphlet, t h e p r o g r e s s i v e s s t r e s s e d t h e

c o n t e x t of t h e E a r l y Writings. s t a t e m e n t a s w e l l a s t h e c o n t e x t of Daniel 8 and

emphasized t h a t by doing s o t h e new view of t h e " d a i l y " was c o n s i s t e n t . Likewise

s t r e s s e d were E l l e n White a r t i c l e s w r i t t e n between 1890 and 1892 r e l a t i v e t o t h e

r e c e p t i o n of advancing l i g h t , as w e l l a s h e r s t a t e m e n t s about t h e importance of

s t u d y i n g t h e books of Daniel and R e v e l a t i o n . S p i c e r n o t e d , "when t h e Testimonies

have urned us t o s t u d y t h e books of Daniel and t h e R e v e l a t i o n , i t s u r e l y has n o t been

w i t h t h e i d e a t h a t we have n o t h i n g t o l e a r n . " The new view was widely p r e s e n t e d a t

Union Conference s e s s i o n s and o t h e r meetings and aamphletized bv P r e s c o t t and Conradi

d u r i n g 1909 and 1910.93

 I n a d d i t i o n . P r e s c o t t . i n t h e l a s t s t a g e s of h i s e d i t o r s h i p of t h e Review and -
Herald i n 1909, p r e s e n t e d , i n a v e i l e d way, some v i t a l i m p l i c a t i o n s stemming from

h i s s u p p o r t of t h e new view. He asserted:

When t h e g r e a t p r o p h e t i c p e r i o d s recorded i n S c r i p t u r e s had e i t h e r come t o a

c l o s e o r were n e a r l y f u l f i l l e d , t h e providence of God r a i s e d up a body of
t e a c h e r s , who a f t e r much p r a y e r f u l s t u d y , were a b l e t o p r e s e n t t o t h e people
i n s t r u c t i o n adapted t o t h e t i m e . ... Emphasizing t h e a c c e p t a n c e of theword of
God a s a s u f f i c i e n t r u l e of f a i t h and p r a c t i s e and t h e o b l i g a t i o n of obedience
t o i t s p l a i n i n s t r u c t i o n s , t h e t e a c h e r s i n t h i s movement have i n a s p e c i a l
way d i r e c t e d t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e p e o p l e t o t h e f o l l o w i n g t r u t h s : 1. The
l i t e r a l second a d v e n t of C h r i s t . ... 2. The p r i e s t h o o d of C h r i s t i n t h e
heavenly s a n c t u a r y . ... 3. Obedience a s t h e f r u i t of r i g h t e o u s n e s s .
4. The observance of t h e o r i g i n a l Sabbath of t h e Lord.
...
I n a n a r t i c l e used a s t h e Week of P r a y e r Reading f o r 1909, P r e s c o t t f a i r l y c l e a r l y

o u t l i n e d t h e c o n t e x t u a l i m p l i c a t i o n s of t h e new view i n h i s d i s c u s s i o n of D a n i e l 8:

The Papacy, symbolized by t h e l a t e r phase of t h e l i t t l e h o r n , i n o r d e r t o

e s t a b l i s h i t s e l f a s a n e c c l e s i a s t i c a l power, would t a k e away t h e t r u e worship
of God. ... The Papacy would set a s i d e t h e t r u e s e r v i c e of God c a r r i e d on
by o u r High P r i e s t i n t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y , would t r e a d under i t s f e e t b o t h
God's s a n c t u a r y and God's p e o p l e , b u t t h a t i n t h e d i v i n e p l a n a l i m i t w a s s e t
t o t h i s work--the end of t h e 2300 days o r y e a r s . ... ( A f t e r t h a t time) t h e
people of God were a g a i n p r i v i l e g e d t o r e s t o r e t h e t r u e s e r v i c e of God i n t h e
heavenly temple. ... The message t o b e g i v e n t o t h e world a t t h e end of t h e
2300 y e a r s s h o u l d b e a message of d e l i v e r a n c e from Babylon, and t h a t i t should
r e s t o r e what t h e Papacy had t a k e n away i n f u l f i l m e n t of ~ a n i e l ' sprophecy. A
c e n t r a l f e a t u r e of t h i s message s h o u l d b e t h e r e s t o r a t i o n of t h e knowledge
of t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y and t h e work of our g r e a t High P r i e s t t h e r e i n . This
would g i v e t h e r i g h t form t o t h e g o s p e l t r u t h , and would make known what i t i s
e s s e n t i a l t h a t t h e people s h o u l d know i n o r d e r t o c o o p e r a t e i n t e l l i g e n t l y
w i t h heavenly a g e n c i e s i n t h e work of p r e p a r a t i o n f o r t h e coming of t h e Lord.

Other P r e s c o t t a r t i c l e s s t r e s s e d t h e " B i b l e , t h e B i b l e only ( i s ) t h e r e l i g i o n of

Protestants." H e contended:

There i s no e x p o s i t i o n of t h e B i b l e t h a t can t a k e t h e p l a c e of t h e B i b l e
i t s e l f . There a r e no h e l p s t o t h e s t u d y of t h e B i b l e t h a t can p r o f i t a b l y b e
s u b s t i t u t e d f o r t h e B i b l e i t s e l f .94

It soon became a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e a l l i a n c e between t h e p i o n e e r s and t h e

p r o g r e s s i v e s t h a t had r e s u l t e d i n t h e d e f e a t of t h e p a n t h e i s t s was b e i n g s h a t t e r e d

o v e r v a r y i n g i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f t h e p o s i t i o n t h e S p i r i t o f Prophecy should occupy

r e l a t i v e t o t h e d i s c u s s i o n s on t h e " d a i l y . " By mid-1910 i t seemed t h a t I r w i n , H a s k e l l ,

Loughborough, and B u t l e r would p u b l i c l y j o i n Johnson, Smith, G i l b e r t , J . S. Washburn,

G. B. S t a r r , and a h o s t of o t h e r p i o n e e r s t o p u b l i c l y oppose t h o s e h o l d i n g t h e new

view, by t h e n , a c c o r d i n g t o D a n i e l l s , numbering hundreds of m i n i s t e r s . In writing

t o Mrs. White about h i s i n t e n t i o n of p u b l i s h i n g on t h e s u b j e c t , G . I . B u t l e r s t a t e d :

T h i s movement on t h e " d a i l y " I have no f a i t h i n . I n o t e what you s a i d i n t h e

testimony t o D r . Kellogg and t h e new d o c t r i n e i n Living Temple, and wondered
why t h e r e w a s n o t a s i n g l e person among your b r e t h r e n who would "speak o u t " on
t h i s new d e p a r t u r e i n Pantheism. I c o n f e s s t h a t I have f e l t t o t a l l y opposed
t o t h i s whole ("daily") movement, and have f e l t i t my duty t o w r i t e o u t my
views on t h e s u b j e c t . I f I know a n y t h i n g about being impressed by t h e S p i r i t
of God t o w r i t e on any s u b j e c t , I f e l t i t i n w r i t i n g what I have w r i t t e n on
this. ... I s e n t t h e manuscript t o B r e t h r e n Loughborough and H a s k e l l t o
r e a d and c o n s i d e r , and, i f they agreed i t should b e p u b l i s h e d , I r e q u e s t e d
them t o w r i t e a n endorsement of i t . And t h e n we would p u t i t i n a s m a l l
pamphlet and send i t o u t . I t h o u g h t , coming from us a l l , t h a t i t would c a r r y
c o n s i d e r a b l e weight. It i s my o p i n i o n t h a t o u r misguided b r e t h r e n would f i n d
i t a p r e t t v b i n chunk t o climb o v e r . I cannot s e e whv we o l d hands ought n o t
t o speak o u t on t h i s g r e a t i n n o v a t i o n , and s t a n d f o r t h e o l d ~ o s i t i o n so u r
veoole have endorsed. l e d bv v o u r s e l f . and vour t e s t i m o n i e s . I f o r one f e e l
t h a t I s h o u l d a c t t h e coward, a s one of t h e o l d hands i n t h i s c a u s e , t o keep
s t i l l w h i l e they preach i n Washington and i n every union conference t h a t which
I c o n s i d e r an u t t e r h e r e s y . ...
Now, my p r e c i o u s mother i n C h r i s t , i f you s a y t h e Lord h a s shown you t h a t I am
wrong i n my views, and i n my conduct, I w i l l s h u t my mouth and remain u t t e r l y
s i l e n t . I cannot conceive how I could h o l d o t h e r views, i n view of t h e
S c r i p t u r e s and your Testimonies; b u t I can keep s t i l l and s a y n o t h i n g . And
t h a t I w i l l do o u t of r e s p e c t t o you a s a s e r v a n t of God. What more can I s a y ?

Mrs. White would s h o r t l y i n t e r v e n e i n t h e " d a i l y " c r i s i s . 9 5

A t l e a s t a s e a r l y a s 1905 Mrs. White had warned of t h e r e t a r d i n g e f f e c t upon

t h e advancement of t h e warning message because of t h e church "having t o w a i t and

s t a n d a g a i n s t t h e d e v i s i n g s of S a t a n , which have been s t r i v i n g t o f i n d a p l a c e i n

our work." She observed "we a r e y e a r s behind" because of t h e pantheism c r i s i s . That

same y e a r Mrs. White admonished, "Now, j u s t now, we a r e t o proclaim p r e s e n t t r u t h

w i t h a s s u r a n c e and w i t h power. Do n o t s t r i k e one dolorous n o t e . " The church

needed t o r e - e s t a b l i s h i t s fundamental message a f t e r a decade of p a n t h e i s t i n r o a d s

and i t needed t o m a i n t a i n t h e p i o n e e r - p r o g r e s s i v e a l l i a n c e t o do s o . 9 6

Between 1908 and 1910, Mrs. White had i s s u e d a number of warnings concerning

t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of a d i v i s i o n over t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e " d a i l y . " Her counsel had

prevented e a r l i e r e x p o s i t i o n s of t h e i s s u e i n t h e s i g n s of t h e Times and t h e Review and -

Herald. A s l a t e a s May of 1910, however, Mrs. White expected t h a t t h e i s s u e would

b e r e s o l v e d by o thorough B i b l i c a l study o r t l ~ ei s s u e . She wrote Stephen H a s k e l l :

I have been w a i t i n g f o r t h e time when t h e r e should b e a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e

d o c t r i n e s t h a t B r o t h e r D a n i e l l s and o t h e r s have been a d v o c a t i n g . When i s t h i s t o b e ?
 I f E l d e r D a n i e l l s t h i n k s t h a t some of t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s of S c r i p t u r e
t h a t have been h e l d i n t h e p a s t a r e n o t c o r r e c t , our b r e t h r e n should l i s t e n
t o h i s r e a s o n s , and g i v e candid c o n s i d e r a t i o n t o h i s views. A l l s h o u l d
examine c l o s e l y t h e i r own s t a n d i n g , and by a thorough knowledge of t h e p r i n -
c i p l e s of o u r f a i t h , b e prepared t o v i n d i c a t e t h e t r u t h . ...
Is n o t t h e p r e s e n t a f a v o r a b l e time f o r you and o t h e r s of o u r m i n i s t e r i n g
b r e t h r e n i n t h i s conference t o meet w i t h E l d e r D a n i e l l s f o r a thorough
examination of t h e p o i n t s of f a i t h . r e g a r d i n g which t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t views?

A t t h e same time, Mrs. White noted: " A t p r e s e n t t h e r e i s n o t t h a t u n i t y t h a t should

e x i s t among our b r e t h r e n , and t h e Lord s a y s , 'Come t o g e t h e r . ' " Only when t h e

proposed c o n f e r e n c e d i d n o t t a k e p l a c e and B u t l e r was on t h e v e r g e of p u b l i s h i n g

d i d Mrs. White i s s u e t h e two t e s t i m o n i e s on t h e " d a i l y . 1197

A s W. C. White, who s u p p o r t e d t h e new view, analyzed t h e d e b a t e on t h e " d a i l y "

he, a s d i d o t h e r s , looked beyond t h e t h e o l o g i c a l d i s p u t e i t s e l f , and hoped t h a t t h e

d e b a t e might a f f o r d o p p o r t u n i t y t o r e s o l v e c e r t a i n l a r g e r q u e s t i o n s . He wrote

D a n i e l l s i n March o f 1910 concerning two such q u e s t i o n s :

I have t o l d some of our b r e t h r e n t h a t I thought t h e r e were two q u e s t i o n s

connected w i t h t h i s ("daily") m a t t e r t h a t were of more importance t h a n t h e
d e c i s i o n which s h a l l b e made as t o which i s most n e a r l y c o r r e c t t h e o l d o r t h e
new view r e g a r d i n g t h e " d a i l y . " The f i r s t i s , How s h a l l we d e a l w i t h one
a n o t h e r when t h e r e i s d i f f e r e n c e of opinion? Second, How s h a l l we d e a l with
Mother's w r i t i n g s i n our e f f o r t t o s e t t l e d o c t r i n a l q u e s t i o n s ?

White hoped t h a t t h e proposed meeting between t h e main d i s p u t a n t s might r e s o l v e n o t

o n l y t h e "daily" q u e s t i o n , b u t a l s o work toward r e s o l v i n g t h e s e a d d i t i o n a l q u e s t i o n s . 9 8

Rather s i g n i f i c a n t l y , t h e t e s t i m o n i e s s e n t by Mrs. White t o t h e c e n t r a l f i g u r e s

i n t h e d e b a t e , B u t l e r , Loughborough, H a s k e l l , Smith, Gilbert, P r e s c o t t , and D a n i e l l s ,

d e a l t with these l a r g e r questions. Mrs. White r e q u e s t e d t h a t h e r w r i t i n g s "not b e

used a s t h e l e a d i n g argument t o s e t t l e q u e s t i o n s over which t h e r e is now s o much

controversy." I n n o t i n g t h a t s h e had no s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n from t h e Lord on t h e

" p o i n t under d i s c u s s i o n , " s h e a g a i n urged t h a t h e r w r i t i n g s n o t be used i n t h e

debate. The testimony, d a t e d J u l y 31, 1910, was s i g n i f i c a n t l y e n t i t l e d "Our A t t i t u d e

Toward D o c t r i n a l Controversy." The second testimony, d a t e d August 3, 1910, contained

a the following c a l l f o r unity:

We must b l e n d t o g e t h e r i n t h e bonds of C h r i s t l i k e u n i t y ; t h e n our l a b o r s w i l l

n o t b e i n v a i n . Draw i n even c o r d s , and l e t no c o n t e n t i o n s b e brought i n .
 44
4

Reveal t h e u n i f y i n g power of t r u t h , and t h i s w i l l make a powerful impression

on human minds. I n u n i t y t h e r e i s s t r e n g t h .

Mrs. White, i n t h e l a t t e r testimony, p r e s e n t e d a s p e c i a l message t o George B u t l e r :

0
"The Lord h a s n o t placed upon you a burden r e g a r d i n g t h i s m a t t e r . " She a l s o counseled:

"The duty of God's s e r v a n t s a t t h i s time i s t o preach t h e Word i n t h e c i t i e s . " g g

A remarkable consequence developed when D a n i e l l s moved v i g o r o u s l y i n t o work

f o r the cities. He f i r s t became amazed a t t h e n e g a t i v e c a l i b e r of t h e m i n i s t r y and

a s a consequence r e e s t a b l i s h e d t h e concept of m i n i s t e r i a l i n s t i t u t e s t h a t had

l a n g u i s h e d s i n c e t h e beginning of t h e 1890s. The s t r o n g emphasis upon t h e prophecies

and t h e unique message of Adventism f o r t h e world brought a new s p i r i t i n t o t h e

ministry. D a n i e l l s observed, a s h e contemplated t h e e a r l i e s t i n s t i t u t e s :

One t o p i c of s t u d y i n our i n s t i t u t e s w i l l b e t h e supreme importance of our

m i n i s t e r s g i v i n g themselves up t o t h e preaching of t h e message God h a s given
us. ... I am g l a d t o t e l l you t h a t s i n c e s o much h a s been s a i d about c i t y
work, o u r m i n i s t e r s a r e t u r n i n g t h e i r minds t o t h e q u e s t i o n of preaching. I
have new hope and courage a l o n g t h i s l i n e . The pendulum i s swinging, and I
f e e l s u r e t h a t we s h a l l soon s e e t h e s i m p l e y e t a l l - i m p o r t a n t work of preaching
r e s t o r e d t o i t s proper p l a c e i n o u r work. lob

While t h e p r o g r e s s i v e s were p l e a s e d w i t h Mrs. White's o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t s h e , i n

E a r l y W r i t i n g s , had n o t used t h e term '.'daily" i n a technical, theological sense, but

r a t h e r i n a b r o a d e r s e t t i n g , they were d i s a p p o i n t e d i n t h e c a l l f o r " s i l e n c e " on

t h e s u b j e c t and t h e r e l e g a t i o n of i t t o a minor s t a t u s . The p r o g r e s s i v e s considered

a p r o p e r understanding of t h e " d a i l y " t o have g r e a t s i g n i f i c a n c e , n o t only r e l a t i n g

t o t h e c o n t e x t of Daniel 8 , b u t t o an understanding of t h e m e d i a t o r i a l r o l e of C h r i s t

i n t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y . D a n i e l l s s t r e s s e d i t s importance t o W. C. White:

The burden of Brother P r e s c o t t and myself a l s o i n t h i s i s n o t merely t o have

a c o n t r o v e r s y over Paganism, and when i t was t a k e n away. That m a t t e r p a l e s
b e f o r e t h e importance of t h e g l o r i o u s t r u t h t h e B i b l e t e a c h e s r e g a r d i n g t h e
m i n i s t r y of C h r i s t i n t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y . The papacy h a s done i t s b e s t
t o h i d e from a p e r i s h i n g world t h e e f f i c a c i o u s work of C h r i s t i n heaven. ...
Now, when t h i s was r e v e a l e d t o D a n i e l , t h e q u e s t i o n was r a i s e d , how long t h i s
s u b s t i t u t e t h a t could n o t s a v e , should h i d e from t h e world t h a t which can
save. The answer t h a t was g i v e n was t h a t i t should b e u n t i l t h e e x p i r a t i o n
of t h e 2300 y e a r s . Then t h e s a n c t u a r y was t o b e c l e a n s e d . Some t r a n s l a t i o n s
add t h e i d e a of v i n d i c a t i o n o r r e s t o r a t i o n . Elder Olsen t e l l s me t h a t i s t h e
i d e a p r e s e n t e d i n t h e Norwegian. The proclamation of t h e t h i r d a n g e l ' s message
i s t h e means by which t h e Lord i s t o b r i n g back t o t h e knowledge of t h e world
t h e s a n c t u a r y and i t s s a v i n g m i n i s t r y . I saw a g a i n , t h a t $ h i s g l o r i o u s
t r u t h i s s o important t h a t t h e q u e s t i o n of when paganism was t a k e n away s h r i v e l s
up i n t o a mere t r i f l e . ... I have now taken t h e time t o make t h e e f f o r t t o
go o v e r t h e b e s t I can i n my busy l i f e t h e whole range of s t u d y , and I can not
 t e l l you t h e b l e s s i n g t h a t h a s come t o me i n t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n . I b e l i e v e
t h a t t h i s t r u t h r e g a r d i n g t h e m i n i s t r y of C h r i s t should have gone r i g h t a l o n g
w i t h t h e message of r i g h t e o u s n e s s by f a i t h t h a t was g i v e n t o us i n 1888.

Although t h e c a l l f o r " s i l e n c e " on t h e " d a i l y " was designed t o r e e s t a b l i s h u n i t y ,

t h e B i b l e v e r s i o n s c o n t r o v e r s y , t h e Columbia Union-General Conference f r i c t i o n , t h e

r e o r g a n i z a t i o n b a t t l e s over t h e 1931 Omaha F a l l Council d e c i s i o n s , and i n d e e d ,

d i s p u t e s t h a t continued a t l e a s t i n t o t h e 1950s, a l l d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t o a b a s i c

d i f f e r e n c e of i n t e r p r e t a t i o n over t h e i n s p i r a t i o n of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy and

might b e t r a c e d t o t h e b a s i c a l i g n m e n t s t h a t formed o v e r t h e p i o n e e r - p r o g r e s s i v e

d i s p u t e over t h e " d a i l y . " I n view of t h e c o n t e n t i o n over t h e i m p l i c a t i o n s of t h e

new view of D a n i e l 8:13, an open look a t t h e i m p l i c a t i o n s t o D a n i e l 8:14 seemed

remote indeed. lol

The t r & e d y of t h e p i o n e e r - p r o g r e s s i v e confrontation is t h a t both h e l d

s t r o n g l y t o t h e fundamentals o f t h e church. I t s h o u l d b e noted t h a t , w h i l e Irwin

d i d b e g i n a c o n f r o n t a t i o n w i t h t h e p a n t h e i s t s , i t was D a n i e l l s , i n harmony w i t h Mrs.

White's c o u n s e l s , who exposed t h e i r t e a c h i n g s . I t was t r a g i c t h a t t h e p i o n e e r s and

p r o g r e s s i v e s c o u l d n o t harmonize t h e i r u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e f u n c t i o n of t h e S p i r i t

of Prophecy and become a u n i t e d f r o n t . The consequence was t h a t t h e i n s i g h t s of

t h e p r o g r e s s i v e s never advanced o r could advance beyond t h e " d a i l y , " e x c e p t i n t h e

most i n d i r e c t f a s h i o n .

P r a c t i c a l l y everyone who became exposed t o t h e new view of t h e " d a i l y " b e l i e v e d

t h a t t h e view enabled a f a r more harmonious p r e s e n t a t i o n of D a n i e l 8 t h a n had been

possible previously. Spicer affirmed:

When I used t o g i v e B i b l e r e a d i n g s i n t h e e a r l i e r days i n London, and took

t h e p e o p l e through t h e e i g h t h of D a n i e l , I always skipped h a s t i l y over t h o s e
t e x t s where we made t h e s a n c t u a r y one minute i n heaven and t h e n e x t on e a r t h ,
and t h e h o s t one time t h e a n g e l s and t h e n e x t t h e pagans, and I s k i p p e d over t h e
s t a t e m e n t t h a t t h e t a k i n g away of t h e " d a i l y meant t h e t a k i n g away of paganism
by s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e r e n d e r i n g i n t h e o r i g i n a l w a s a b i t o b s c u r e s o t h a t t h e
t r a n s l a t i o n was d i f f i c u l t . That i s what w e used t o be t a u g h t i n t h e B i b l e
s c h o o l i n B a t t l e Creek i n t h e o l d days. And a l l t h a t was making no p a r t i c u l a r
u s e of t h a t p a r t i c u l a r p o r t i o n of S c r i p t u r e . It was simply p a s s i n g over i t t o
g e t down t o t h e c l e a n s i n g of t h e s a n c t u a r y . .. .
I have n o t e d i n r e c e n t y e a r s , s i n c e t h e new view came i n , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n
Europe, t h a t t h i s new i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , j u s t a s one would n a t u r a l l y g e t - i t
 from r e a d i n g t h e Revised Version and some o t h e r v e r s i o n s , d e a l s a s l e d g e
hammer blow a t t h e Papacy. There i s no o t h e r p o r t i o n of S c r i p t u r e t h a t b r i n g s
t o C a t h o l i c s themselves such a p i c t u r e of t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n of t h e mass and t h e
e a r t h l y s a c r i f i c e f o r t h e heavenly. Our workers among t h e C a t h o l i c s who a r e
u s i n g t h i s i n t h i s way f i n d splended and s t r o n g u s e f o r t h i s l i t t l e p o r t i o n of
S c r i p t u r e f o r which i n y e a r s p a s t w e have had p r a c t i c a l l y no u s e .

Conradi, D a n i e l l s , P r e s c o t t , and a h o s t of o t h e r s t e s t i f i e d t o t h e s t r e n g t h e n e d

denominational p o s i t i o n t h a t came w i t h t h e harmonization of t h e c o n t e x t u a l problems

t h a t t h e new view allowed. D a n i e l l s t e s t i f i e d t h a t , a f t e r h i s p r e s e n t a t i o n of t h e new

view a t a t e a c h e r s ' convention:

These B i b l e t e a c h e r s t o l d m e t h a t t h e y had never been a b l e t o expound t h e

e i g h t h c h a p t e r of D a n i e l t o t h e i r s a t i s f a c t i o n u n t i l t h e y g o t h o l d of t h i s view. 102

On numerous o c c a s i o n s between 1903 and 1914, P r e s c o t t p r e s e n t e d p u b l i c l y , b u t

i n a v a i l e d manner, h i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e c o n t e x t u a l background of D a n i e l 8 and

t h e i m p l i c a t i o n s r e l a t i v e t o t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e of 1844. S t r e s s i n g t h e "continual"

m e d i a t i o n of C h r i s t , P r e s c o t t a s s e r t e d i n 1903:

That p r i n c i p l e of c o n t i n u a n c e was brought t o t h e f l e s h i n t h e p e r s o n of J e s u s

C h r i s t , himself t a k i n g t h e f l e s h , and becoming i n h i s own p e r s o n t h e h i g h
p r i e s t , and m i n i s t e r i n g i n himself h i s own p r e s e n c e , h i s own p e r s o n a l i t y i n
t h e Holy S p i r i t . Leave o u t t h a t c o n n e c t i o n w i t h heaven, and you l e a v e o u t
s a l v a t i o n . Put your l e a d e r on t h e e a r t h , p u t your temple on t h e e a r t h , p u t
your p r i e s t on t h e e a r t h , and you have t a k e n away t h e one t h i n g i n t h e s a n c t u a r y
m i n i s t r y which means s a l v a t i o n . I t was prophesied by t h e p r o p h e t D a n i e l t h a t
t h i s s h o u l d b e t a k e n away; i t h a s been t a k e n away. I t i s t h e purpose of t h i s
message t o r e s t o r e i n t h e s a n c t u a r y and i t s s e r v i c e s , t o r e s t o r e i n t h e church,
and t o t h e church, t h a t which h a s been t a k e n away. And when t h a t i s r e s t o r e d , - -
and i t can b e r e s t o r e d only through t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e t r u e s a n c t u a r y
i d e a and t h e t r u e c o n c e p t i o n of God a s s a l v a t i o n through t h a t m i n i s t r y , - -
when t h a t i s r e s t o r e d , t h e work i s done. lo3

I n 1930, W. W. F l e t c h e r made a n o b s e r v a t i o n r e l a t i v e t o t h e denominational

sanctuary teaching. He noted t h a t i n B i b l e --

R e a d i . , pp. 224-29, was t h e new view of

t h e " d a i l y " and he o b s e r v e d :

The s a n c t u a r y and t h e p e o p l e of God a r e t r o d d e n under f o o t by t h e papacy. The

c o n t i n u a l s e r v i c e o r m e d i a t i o n of C h r i s t i n t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y i s t a k e n
away from H i m by a f a l s e system of t h e Papacy.

Now i f t h e s e t h i n g s c o n s t i t u t e t h e need f o r a work of j u s t i f i c a t i o n o r

c l e a n s i n g (and I do n o t deny t h a t they d o ) , what must be t h e n a t u r e of t h e
work of j u s t i f i c a t i o n o r c l e a n s i n g ? M a n i f e s t l y i t must b e t h e s e t t i n g r i g h t
o r c o r r e c t i o n of t h e wrong t h a t h a s been wrought through t h e f a l s e system,
by a v i n d i c a t i o n of t h e t r u e s e r v i c e o r m e d i a t i o n of C h r i s t i n t h e heavenly
s a n c t u a r y , and t h e r e l i e f o r d e l i v e r a n c e of t h o s e who w i t h t h e s a n c t u a r y have
been t r o d d e n under f o o t .
 The o t h e r s i d e of t h e t e a c h i n g a f f i r m s t h a t t h e s i n s of b e l i e v i n g men and
women a r e " t r a n s f e r r e d , i n f a c t , t o t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y , " and t h a t t h e
a c t u a l c l e a n s i n g of t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y i s t o b e accomplished by t h e removal,
o r b l o t t i n g o u t of t h e s i n s t h a t a r e t h e r e r e c o r d e d .

Do t h e s e two s e t s of t e a c h i n g a g r e e ? I would e a r n e s t l y u r g e upon t h e con-

s i d e r a t i o n of t h e b r e t h r e n t h a t t h e y do n o t a t a l l a g r e e t o g e t h e r .

F l e t c h e r ' s o b s e r v a t i o n seemed t o c o i n c i d e w i t h t h a t of L. A . Smith and F . C .

G i l b e r t , made some 21 y e a r s e a r l i e r . Likewise a g r e e i n g was G. B . S t a r r i n 1930. That

p i o n e e r ' s s o l u t i o n t o t h e problem posed by F l e t c h e r f o l l o w s :

I wish t o a p p e a l t o a l l S.D.A. m i n i s t e r s t o r e t u r n t o t h e o r i g i n a l and " c o r r e c t

view of t h e Daily," as i n t e r p r e t e d i n 1844 and endorsed by t h e S p i r i t of God
i n E a r l y W r i t i n g s , pages 74, 75. That a l l t h e trumpets may g i v e t h e same
c e r t a i n sound of t h e announcement of t h e "Hour of H i s judgment come," and t h a t
a t t h e end of t h e 2300 d a y s , i n 1844 and onward, t h e s a n c t u a r y was b e , and
i s b e i n g c l e a n s e d . Here I have always s t o o d and c o n t i n u e t o s t a n d . i84
The p r o g r e s s i v e s were s t r i v i n g f o r a d i f f e r e n t s o l u t i o n , b u t one t h a t l i k e w i s e

i n v o l v e d a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e n a t u r e of t h e i n s p i r a t i o n of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy.

Forced by t h e p a n t h e i s t s from w i t h o u t and by t h e p i o n e e r s from w i t h i n t h e

church, t h e p r o g r e s s i v e s , i n c l u d i n g W.C. White, w h i l e E l l e n White was s t i l l a l i v e ,

were making some e v a l u a t i o n s of j u s t what r o l e t h e Lord d e s i r e d t h a t t h e g i f t of

prophecy s h o u l d occupy w i t h i n t h e church. I t seemed, however, t h a t no u s e f u l

dialogue i n t h i s area w a s possible. Once t h e p a n t h e i s t s l e f t t h e church and began

t h e i r d i r e c t a t t a c k s upon t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy, most of t h e p i o n e e r s c a l l e d f o r a

S p i r i t of Prophecy t h a t was a n " i n f a l l i b l e i n t e r p r e t e r of B i b l e p r i n c i p l e s . " This

l e f t t h e p r o g r e s s i v e s r a t h e r i s o l a t e d i n t h e i r a t t e m p t s t o come t o some c o n c l u s i o n s .

D a n i e l l s a f f i r m e d t o W.C, White, "We must n o t a l l o w t h e s e men t o f o r c e us t o t a k e

a p o s i t i o n r e n a r d i n n your m o t h e r ' s w r i t i n n s t h a t w i l l p u t h e r i n a n i n d e f e n s i b l e

p o s i t i o n , " and t h e l a t t e r observed:

I f w e f a i l t o s t a n d f i r m l v f o r c o r r e c t p r i n c i p l e s ( r e l a t i v e t o t h e S p i r i t of
Prophecv). w e mav soon be plunned i n t o a c o n d i t i o n of t h i n n s w h e r e i n manv
e a r n e s t and r a d i c a l minds w i l l f e e l f r e e t o s e l e c t a passane h e r e and a passane
t h e r e from t h e Testimonies. and w i t h o u t proper r e g a r d t o t h e c o n t e x t and t o t h e
t e a c h i n n of t h e B i b l e and o t h e r p a s s a g e s i n t h e Testimonies. proceed t o t e a c h
a m i x t u r e of t r u t h and e r r o r t h a t i s u n p r o f i t a b l e t o t h e church.

S t i l l , however, no fundamental agreements seemed t o be p o s s i b l e . 105

Both P r e s c o t t and S p i c e r j o i n e d D a n i e l l s i n f e e l i n g t h e f r u s t r a t i o n s r e s u l t i n g
from t h e widespread misuse of t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy. S p i c e r noted i n 1914:

A l a r g e r q u e s t i o n t h a n t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e mere d e t a i l of a c o r r e c t i o n o r
of a n e r r o n e o u s s t a t e m e n t ( i n t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy books) i s t h e q u e s t i o n a s
t o how w e s h a l l t r e a t t h e s e matters t h a t have been passed through t h e hands
of t h e v a r i o u s e d i t o r s . We have had q u i t e a b a t t l e , some of u s , f o r s e v e r a l
y e a r s , t r y i n g t o make t h e b r e t h r e n s e e t h a t i t was n o t r i g h t t o c l a i m any
e x t r a o r d i n a r y a u t h o r i t y f o r m a t t e r s of t h i s k i n d . While t h i s i s conceded
f r e e l y enough p r i v a t e l y , t h e d i f f i c u l t y h a s been, i t seems t o me, t h a t courage
h a s been l a c k i n g t o t a k e a s t r a i g h t and c o n s i s t e n t p o s i t i o n . Years ago, when I
was o u t a t S t . Helena, I urged W. C. W. t o have a s t a t e m e n t i n t h e r e v i s e d
"Great Controversy" t h a t would r e l i e v e t h e whole s i t u a t i o n . I hoped i t would
b e t h e r e , b u t i t h a s n o t been made. People a r e l e f t t o r u n a c r o s s p l a c e s
where t h e r e v i s e d e d i t i o n c o r r e c t s s t a t e m e n t s i n t h e o l d e d i t i o n , and t h e n
some poor s o u l h a s a worrying time over i t , when i t i s a l t o g e t h e r unnecessary.
... There i s one t h i n g s u r e , B r o t h e r Conradi, i t i s f i r m l y s e t t l e d t h a t
p h r a s e s and h i s t o r i c a l s t a t e m e n t s i n t h e s e books have t o b e c o r r e c t e d j u s t t h e
same a s i n other books. Of course w e are supposed t o t a k e full c o u n s e l w i t h
t h e a u t h o r i n making c o r r e c t i o n s .

P r e s c o t t w r o t e W. C. White:

The way your m o t h e r ' s w r i t i n g s have been handled and t h e f a l s e i m p r e s s i o n

concerning them which i s s t i l l f o s t e r e d among t h e p e o p l e have brought g r e a t
p e r p l e x i t y and t r i a l t o me. It seems t o me t h a t what amounts t o d e c e p t i o n ,
though probably n o t i n t e n t i o n a l , h a s been p r a c t i s e d i n making some of h e r
books, and t h a t no s e r i o u s e f f o r t h a s been made t o d i s a b u s e t h e minds of t h e
p e o p l e of what was known t o b e t h e i r wrong view concerning h e r w r i t i n g s . But
i t i s no u s e t o go i n t o t h e s e matters. I have t a l k e d w i t h you f o r y e a r s about
them, b u t i t b r i n g s no change. I t h i n k however t h a t w e a r e d r i f t i n g toward a
c r i s i s which w i l l come sooner o r l a t e r and perhaps s o o n e r . A v e r y s t r o n g
f e e l i n g of r e a c t i o n h a s a l r e a d y set i n . lo6

R a t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g l y , S p i c e r made t h e f o l l o w i n g o b s e r v a t i o n a f t e r t h e i s s u i n g

of Mrs. White's t e s t i m o n i e s concerning t h e " d a i l y " :

I am very g l a d s h e d i d n o t i n d o r s e t h e new o p i n i o n , f o r t h a t i s n o t what i s

needed. We do n o t want any i n f a l l i b l e d e c l a r a t i o n a s t o o u r own views about
i t , f o r we s h a l l s t u d y more and l e a r n more.

H e a l s o observed:

A l l through i t s h i s t o r y t h a t g i f t ( S p i r i t of Prophecy) has i n s i s t e d t h a t i t

s h o u l d n o t b e advanced i n p l a c e of t h e Word, and t h a t i t s d e s i g n was n o t t o g i v e
new d o c t r i n e s n o t found i n t h e Word of God. The B i b i e i s complete, and thoroughly
f u r n i s h e s t h e man of God unto a l l good works. But t h e S c r i p t u r e s which do
t h i s teach us v e r y p l a i n l y t h a t a s t r u l y a s t h e church s h o u l d have o t h e r
s p i r i t u a l g i f t s i n i t s m i d s t , s o t r u l y i t s h o u l d have i n i t s m i d s t t h e s p i r i t
of prophecy. ... I t i s s u r e t h a t t h e remnant church must have t h i s g i f t ,
and one mark of t h e l a t t e r - d a v church would b e m i s s i n n i f t h i s g i f t had n o t
avveared i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s Advent Movement. 107

I n 1909, E. J . Wangoner e x p l a i n e d t o t h e p r e s i d e n t of t h e Western New York

Conference, t h a t s i n c e h e (Waggoner) found e v e r y t h i n g i n t h e B i b l e t h a t was t o b e

 found i n t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy, t h a t t h e E l l e n White w r i t i n g s were unnecessary

s i n c e t h e y a f f o r d e d a l a z y way t o s t u d y t h e B i b l e . H. W. Carr stunned Waggoner

0 w i t h h i s response:

When I asked him t o f i n d i n t h e B i b l e where t h e m a t t e r c o n t a i n e d i n L i v i n g

Temple was d e c l a r e d t o b e Pantheism, i t was e v i d e n t t h a t he had n o t looked f o r
t h a t s t a t e m e n t . lo8

As S p i c e r n o t e d , "1t i s s u r e t h a t t h e remnant church must have t h i s g i f t . "

CONCLUSION

I n 1902, d e s p i t e h i s p a n t h e i s t i c p a t h , E. J . Waggoner penned a r e l e v a n t t r u t h :

No man drops i n one day from p e r f e c t f a i t h t o g r o s s e r r o r ; much l e s s do

m u l t i t u d e s of people a p o s t a t i s e a l l a t t h e same time. E r r o r i s i n s i d i o u s
i n i t s working, and t h e p e o p l e who f a l l away a r e r a r e l y conscious t h a t any
change i s t a k i n g p l a c e i n them.

Perhaps t h a t is t h e r e a s o n f o r t h e c o u n s e l g i v e n by M r s . White d u r i n g a n i n t e r v i e w

w i t h C. C. Crisler i n 1913:

Men of v a r i e d minds, v a r i e d temperaments, v a r i e d e x p e r i e n c e , a r e t o b e a s -

s o c i a t e d i n C h r i s t i a n work; and as t h e y t a k e c o u n s e l w i t h one a n o t h e r , and
exchange views and c o n v i c t i o n s , and humble themselves b e f o r e God, and pray
t o g e t h e r f o r heavenly wisdom, l i g h t w i l l be g i v e n them, and they w i l l b e
enabled t o go forward u n i t e d l y , p u l l i n g i n even l i n e s , and a l l o w i n g God t o
r u l e . This i s n o t a f t e r t h e n a t u r a l h e a r t of man; i t i s God's way of managing
H i s work; man i s prone t o set up h i s i n d i v i d u a l judgment a s a c r i t e r i o n f o r
o t h e r s t o follow.

It i s a p p a r e n t t h a t each of t h e groups w i t h i n t h e church needed t h e a d v i c e and

c o u n s e l of t h e o t h e r . D a n i e l l s observed: "But f o r t h e good c o u n s e l of s p l e n d i d

f r i e n d s , and t h e p r o t e c t i o n of a m e r c i f u l God, I c e r t a i n l y s h o u l d have been s n a r e d

by t h e fowler." Mrs. White f r e q u e n t l y sought t o j o i n "men of s t r o n g s p i r i t u a l

e x p e r i e n c e " w i t h such men a s P a u l s o n , S a d l e r , Morse, R i l e y and o t h e r p h y s i c i a n s "who

might b e saved a s C h r i s t i a n workers i f t h e y could be saved from t h e c o n f u s i n g ,

p e r p l e x i n g i n f l u e n c e s which c e n t e r a t B a t t l e c r e e k . " She appealed t o t h o s e working

w i t h Kellogg t o h e l p him see t h e e r r o r of h i s ways. The s t r o n g e s t of t h e p i o n e e r s

were n o t immune t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of plunging i n t o pantheism. I n 1911 Andross seemed

a t o come dangerously c l o s e when h e t a u g h t : "We a r e now commanded t o go f o r t h and

h e a l t h e s i c k even a s w e a r e t o preach t h e f o r g i v e n e s s of s i n o r any o t h e r p a r t

 50

of t h e g o s p e l message." S p i c e r observed:

We would a l l a p o s t a t i z e i f i t were n o t f o r t h e hope of c a r r y i n g t h e message t o

t h e ends of t h e e a r t h and s e e i n g t h e Lord come. That i s t h e o n l y t h i n g t h a t
keeps us a l i v e as a people. The moment we f o r g e t t h a t we a r e open t o every
f a n a t i c a l t u r n t h a t comes a l o n g , and i t would n o t b e worth w h i l e p r o f e s s i n g
any t h i h g .
Once t h e p a n t h e i s t s l o s t s i g h t of t h e denominational fundamentals, t h e i r f a n a t i c i s m

seemed an obvious outcome. 110

Besides t h e d i v e r s e temperaments w i t h i n t h e church t h a t could have a c t e d a s a

p r e v e n t a t i v e t o t h e p a n t h e i s t i c developments, t h e church possessed and s t i l l

p o s s e s s e s t h e c o u n s e l s from t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy. Mrs. White warned c o n s t a n t l v

a g a i n s t t h e f a l s e Dath of Dantheism. She, a s d i d S ~ i c e r ,s u e e e s t e d a e u i d i n e f a c t o r

when, i n 1904, s h e observed: "The lea sine s e n t i m e n t s of anth he ism w i l l l e a d manv

s o u l s i n t o f o r b i d d e n ~ a t h s , " and ~ 0 i n t e dt o t h e a l t e r n a t i v e "The commandments of God

and t h e f a i t h of J e s u s . " l l 1

While b o t h ~ i o n e e rand ~ r o e r e s s i v ea d m i n i s t r a t i o n s endeavored t o stem t h e

D a n t h e i s t advance, i t was t h e ~ r o e r e s s i v e st h a t had t o f a c e t h e f u l l e s t i m ~ a c t

from t h a t f a l s e ~ a t h . Because of t h e i r endeavors t o r e d r e s s a decade of imbalance

between t h e law and t h e g o s p e l , t h e ~ r o e r e s s i v e sr e c e i v e d i n t e n s e c r i t i c i s m from

the Dantheists. The i s s u e w a s c r u c i a l t o t h e ~ r o e r e s s i v e s . S ~ i c e robserved:

I have never been s o convinced a s l a t e l v t h a t w h i l e t h e r e is a messaee i n t h e

world, ~ r e ~ a r ti hne ~wav f o r C h r i s t ' s second comine, e a u a l l v t h e r e i s a n o t h e r
message i n the world ~ r e ~ a r i nt hee wav f o r S a t a n ' s m a n i f e s t a t i o n a s t h e g r e a t
h e a l e r , a s he comes i n h i s f i n a l d e c e ~ t i o n .

D a n i e l l s noted:

There h a s been a t e a c h i n e s i n c e t h e M i n n e a ~ o l i smeeting t h a t has n o t r e s u l t e d

i n v e r v much f r u i t . I b e l i e v e a m i s t a k e has been made. I b e l i e v e t h e ~ e n d u l u m
h a s swune t o o f a r t o t h e o ~ ~ o s i extreme.
te We have n o t been erowine and
d e v e l o ~ i n ei n anv wav s i n c e t h e M i n n e a ~ o l i smeeting a s we should have done. It
looks t o me a s thoueh we must r e v i v e t h e advent messaee. We must u n i t e t h e
Dreachine of t h e D r o ~ h e c i e s . t h e law. t h e Sabbath. t h e lain t r u t h s of t h e
e o s ~ ew l i t h t h e Dreachine of s a l v a t i o n from s i n bv f a i t h i n t h e Lord J e s u s .
This i s t h e s t a n d t h a t P r o f e s s o r P r e s c o t t and Brother S ~ i c e rand I have taken.
and now we a r e ~ r a c t i c a l l vcharged w i t h aDostasv. w i t h h a v i n e gone back t o t h e
l e e a l i s m of t h e denomination ~ r i o rt o t h e M i n n e a ~ o l i smovement. 112

When t h e ~ r o e r e s s i v e ssought t o ~ r o v i d ea balanced d e f i n i t i o n of what i t

considered t o b e t h e Droner r o l e f o r t h e S n i r i t of P r o ~ h e c vt o occunv w i t h i n t h e

 church, t h e ~ r o e r e s s i v e sr e c e i v e d i n t e n s e r e a c t i o n from t h e ~ i o n e e r s . Mrs. White.

21 months ~ r i o rt o h e r d e a t h , e x ~ r e s s e da n o t h e r o ~ i n i o ni n h e r i n t e r v i e w w i t h

Crisler. Although h e w a s n o t r e n o r t i n e on t h e a u e s t i o n of t h e r o l e of t h e S o i r i t of

Pro~hecv, Crisler asserted:

It i s e v i d e n t , from a l l I can e a t h e r i n t h e s e c o n v e r s a t i o n s , t h a t S i s t e r
White h a s confidence i n h e r b r e t h r e n who a r e now i n Washington, and t h a t s h e
b e l i e v e s t h e v w i l l have c l e a r discernment a s t h e v , a s s h e exDresses i t , "weieh
everv c o n s i d e r a t i o n , and r e a s o n from cause t o e f f e c t , and weieh t h e i n f l u e n c e s
t h a t have made t r o u b l e i n t h e ~ a s t ,and s e e whether thev can ~ l a nf o r t h e
~ r o s ~ e r i of t v t h e work."

D a n i e l l s ' c o n c e ~ tof a c o n t i n u i n n r o l e f o r t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy w i t h i n t h e church

i s e x h i b i t e d i n h i s l a s t conscious t h o u g h t s . The f o l l o w i n g r e p o r t concerned t h e

manuscript f o r D a n i e l l s ' l a s t book:

He ( D a n i e l l s ) s t a t e d t h a t h e wished t o exDress t h e r e i n t h e c e n t r a l thought

of t h e book--the i d e a of t h e c o n t i n u i n g g i f t with t h e church i n a l l ages. When
"The Abiding G i f t of Prophecy" was suggested h e was e n t h u s i a s t i c over i t . He
s a i d i t expressed e x a c t l y what he wanted t o convey. Again and a g a i n d u r i n g h i s
l a s t weeks h e expressed s a t i s f a c t i o n over t h e t i t l e . ... On h i s l a s t day of
c o n s c i o u s n e s s , he r e p e a t e d h i s s e n s e of s a t i s f a c t i o n over t h e manuscript and
i t s t i t l e . 113

T h i s w r i t e r b e l i e v e s t h a t t h e evidence s u p p o r t s t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t Mrs. White,

i n h e r r e a c t i o n t o t h e A. F. B a l l e n g e r c h a l l e n g e t o t h e denominational s a n c t u a r y

p o s i t i o n , addressed h e r s e l f t o a f a r l a r g e r q u e s t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o B a l l e n g e r ' s

e x p e r i e n c e and philosophy t h a n t h e immediate t h e o l o g i c a l meaning of t h e term

"within t h e v e i l , " o r t h e v a r i e d theology o u t l i n e d by B a l l e n g e r i n t h e d e f e n s e of h i s

sanctuary teaching. Although t h e w r i t e r h a s by no means examined a l l t h e E l l e n White

w r i t i n g s from 1897 t o 1911, he found no example i n h e r w r i t i n g s where s h e undertook

t o s e t t l e a specific theological issue. On t h e c o n t r a r y , t h e examples of t h e holy

f l e s h movement, t h e Living Temple apostasv, t h e B a l l e n g e r a u e s t i o n , and t h e i s s u e

over t h e "dailv" s e r v e a s c a s e s t u d i e s where Mrs. White d e a l t e i t h e r w i t h t h e a u e s t i o n

of f a l s e ~ h i l o s o ~ h i et hs a t were d e s t r u c t i v e t o t h e fundamental m i s s i o n of t h e church,

o r a n i s s u e t h a t would b r i n e and d i d b r i n a d i s u n i t v a t a time when t h e need f o r

denominational u n i t v was an o v e r r i d i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n .
a Both t h e b a c k e r m n d and a f t e r m a t h t o t h e B a l l e n e e r 1905 e x ~ e r i e n c ea f f o r d s

a d d i t i o n a l evidence t h a t somethine more fundamental was a t i s s u e than a s ~ e c i f i c

 52 ' .
theological point r e l a t i n g t o h i s sanctuarv teachings. F u r t h e r evidence i n s u p p o r t of

t h i s c o n t e n t i o n is found i n t h e wide v a r i e t v of t h e o l o g i c a l D o s i t i o n s h e l d bv l e a d e r s

i n good s t a n d i n g concerning t h e s a n c t u a r v .

The dimensions of t h e c r i s i s f a c e d bv t h e church between 1897 and 1911 i n d i c a t e

t h a t t h e church e i t h e r would have l o s t i t s s p e c i a l message o r would have h o ~ e l e s s l v

f r a c t u r e d w i t h o u t t h e guidance of t h e Lord through t h e S ~ i r i of

t P ~ o D ~ ~ cIvt .

seems a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e l e s s o n s of t h e e x ~ e r i e n c e sbetween 1897 and 1911 and t h e counsel

of t h e S p i r i t of P r o ~ h e c vd u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d c o n t i n u e t o have v i t a l r e l e v a n c e .

It was a l o s s t o t h e church when t h e p a n t h e i s t s d i d n o t a c c e p t t h e counsel

from t h e S p i r i t of P r o ~ h e c v , l e f t t h e church and worked a g a i n s t i t s t e a c h i n g s . It

was l i k e w i s e a l o s s t o t h e church when t h e p i o n e e r s a t t a c k e d t h e ~ r o g r e s s i v e sand

i n a u g u r a t e d a d i v i s i v e n e s s t h a t r e t a r d e d t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of examining a r e l e v a n t

t h e o l o g i c a l concept. It l i k e w i s e seems u n f o r t u n a t e t h a t t h e denomination a ~ ~ a r e n t l v

f a i l e d t o p r o f i t from t h e testimonv E l l e n White nave B a l l e n e e r . Placed i n i t s

c o n t e x t u a l s e t t i n g t h e B a l l e n a e r "path" t o t h e s a n c t u a r y i s a p p a r e n t . Its r o o t s

could have been s c r i p t u r a l l y examined and i t s e r r o r s and t r u t h s s e p a r a t e d by a p p e a l i n g

t o B i b l i c a l evidence. T h i s seems t o have been E l l e n White's d e s i r e throughout

t h e p e r i o d we have examined. TET. C. White a s s e r t e d : "Mother r e g a r d s t h e B i b l e as

t h e s t a n d a r d of a u t h o r i t y i n a l l t h i n g s , i n c l u d i n g t h e p o s i t i o n and work of t h e

S p i r i t of Prophecy. 11 114

Mrs. White's p r o g r e s s i v e i n c l i n a t i o n s a r e e x h i b i t e d i n t h i s s t a t e m e n t made

Some m a t t e r s have been opened b e f o r e me which w i l l be f u l f i l l e d e r e long.

We a r e t o know more than we do a t t h e p r e s e n t time. We a r e t o comprehend
t h e deep t h i n g s of God. There a r e themes t o b e dwelt upon which a r e worthy
of more t h a n a p a s s i n g n o t i c e . Angels have d e s i r e d t o look i n t o t h e t r u t h s
which a r e r e v e a l e d t o t h e people who a r e s e a r c h i n g God's Word and w i t h c o n t r i t e
h e a r t s praying f o r wisdom, f o r g r e a t e r l e n g t h s and b r e a d t h s and h e i g h t s of
t h a t knowledge which God a l o n e can g i v e . ...
Those who w i l l d e v o t e t h e i r powers t o t h e s t u d y of God's Word, and e s p e c i a l l y
t h e prophecies r e f e r r i n g t o t h e s e l a s t days, w i l l be rewarded by t h e d i s c o v e r y
of important t r u t h s . l 1 5
 . ,
I'
APPENDIX
/

A.B.Ballenger, before t h e n i n i s t e r s a t t e n d i n g t h e
0 General Conference,
. at Washington, D.C., May 21, 1905, 5:30 A.1.I.

I want t o r e a d t o you now some of t h e m i s f i t s t h a t I f i n d i n

m y attempt t o p l a c e t h e f i r s t apartment work of t h e e a r t h l y sanctuafry
t h i s s i d e of t h e cross:--
1. The e a r t h l y s a n c t u a r y , which was a shadow o f t h e
heavenly, l o c a t e d t h e a r k , o r throne of God, i n t h e h o l y of h o l i e s , o r
second a p a r t n e n t , while t h e p r i e s t was m i n i s t e r i n g i n t h e f i r s t apartment.
The denominational view of t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y p l a c e s t h e a r k o r
t h r o n e of God i n t h e f i r s t apartment while t h e p r i e s t m i n i s t e r s i n t h a t
apartment, i n v i o l a t i o n of t h e type.
2. Thw shadow placed a v a i l between t h e p r i e s t and t h e ark
o r throne o f God w h i l e t h e p r i e s t m i n i s t e r e d i n t h e f i r s t apartment.
The denorninationel v i e w h a s t h e p r i e s t m i n i s t e r i n g i n t h e heavenly sanc-
t u a r y i n t h e first apartment, with no v e i l s e p a r a t i n g him f r o m t h e ark
o r throne of God, h u t w i t h a v e i l behind b o t h p r i e s t and t h r o n e , i n v i o l a -
t i o n of t h e type.
3. The type r e p r e s e n t s t h e p r i e s t as performing a long mini?-* '
1.
t r y i n t h e first apartment. of t h e s a n c t u a r y b e f o r e the b l o o d l s shed t lat .
pays t h e p e n a l t ~ ro f sin. The donorrlinational view t e a c h e s t h a t t h e byood
was shed which g a y s t h e p e n a l t y of s i n long befort. t h e m i n i s t r y began i n
the heavenly s a n c t u a r y , t h u s c o n t r a d i c t i n g t h e type.
0
 54

-2-
i

4. The type t a u g h t t h a t t h e p r i e s t m i n i s t e r e d f o r a long

p e r i o d i n t h e f i r s t apartment, d u r i n g which time t h e r e w a s accumulated
,upon hlxa t h e s i n s o f t h e people before t h e blood was shed which met
t h e p e n a l t y of t h o s e s i n s which t h e p r i e s t was carrying. The denomina-
t i o n a l view l o c a t e s t h e d e a t h of C h r i s t b e f o r e any m i n i s t r y h a s been per-
formed i n t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y whereby t h e s i n s o f t h e world are t r a n s -
f e r r e d t o him.
(We t e a c h t h a t no s i n s a r e pardoned except t h o s e t h a t go i n t o
the sanctuary by t h e p r i e s t l y work, and yet we have t h e s a n c t u a r y c l o s e d
t o t h e p a t r i a r c h s f o r f o u r thousand y e a r s , and t h a t C h r i s t began t h e
work of c a r r y i n g s i n s i n t o t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y at h i s ascension. This
l e a v e s f o u r thousand y e a r s without any p r i e s t by which t h e s i n was c a r r i e d
i n t o t h e sanctuary.
5, The shadow placed t h e d e a t h o f t h e Lord's g o a t , whose blood
met t h e p e n a l t y of t h e l a w i n t y p e , on t h e g r e a t day of atonement. The
denominational view p l a c e s t h e d e a t h of C h r i s t , whose blood meets t h e
p m t y o f the l a w , raorz than e i g h t e e n hundred y e a r s b e f o r e t h e g r e a t day
o f atonement is supposed t o begin.
6. The shadow r e p r e s e n t s t h e h i g h p r i e s t going from h i s
ministry i n t h e c o u r t where he obtained t h e blood, directly i n t o t h e
h o l y o f h o l i e s on t h e day o f atonement. (He d i d not s t o p i n t h a t f i r s t
apartment; he obtained h i s blood, and then c a r r i e d i t s t r a i g h t through
i n t o t h e h o l y of h o l i e s . ) The denominational view t e a c h e s t h a t C h r i s t
r e n t froxi n i a m i n i s t r y i n t h e f i r s t apartment, and not f rorn t h e c o u r t ,
i n t o t n e holy of h o l i e s , in 1844.
7. The type r e p r e o e n t s t h e p r i e s t as unloading f o r e v e r , through
the blood o f t h e Lord's g o a t , t h e s i n s which had been accumulating upon
him during t h e year 'oy his m i n i s t r y b e f o r e t h e v e i l . (All t h e s i n s
that had gone i n t o t h e sanctuary d u r i n g that one par, and were charged t o

- -
--
 C 55
-3-
, that p e n a l t y was met on t h e day of atonement i n t h e h o l y of
The denominational view r e p r e s e n t s C h r i s t as l o a d i n g himself
up again i n t h e f i r s t apartraent w i t h t h e same s i n s which he had b e f o r e
borne at t h e c r o e s and unloaded i n h i s death.
8. The shadow sends t h e h i g h p r i e s t d i r e c t l y through t h e
f i r s t apartment I n t o t h e h o l y of h o l i e s as soon as he has i n h i s hands
t h e blood o f t h e Lord's g o a t , o r t h e blood which pays t h e p e n a l t y o f s i n .
( A u t h o r i t i e s say t h a t the cup o r v e s s e l which t h e p r i e s t h e l d
that caught t h e b l o o d i n , had a sharp p o i n t , so t h a t he c o u l d not s e t it
down; he must s p r i n k l e i t immediately, and not d e l a y about t h e m a t t e r . )
The d e n o n i n a t i o n a l view s t o p s our g r e a t High P r i e s t i n t h e
f i r s t apartment when he has i n h i s hands h i s own blood which pays t h e pen-
a l t y of s i n .
(The p o s i t i o n taken, a s I understand i t , i s t h a t t h e b l o o d
0
was shed at Calvary, but not s p r i n k l e d , i n behalf of s i n s , I mean, f o r
eighteen hundred years l a t e r . )
(H.C.1Rilcox: Then t h e blood of A b e l l s lamb w a s n o t t y p i f i e d i n
t h e o f f e r i n g of C h r i s t ?
A.B.Ballenger: Yes, y e s ; i t w a s a type o f t h e death of C h r i s t ;
b u t i t w a s the sinner's channel t h r o u g h which t o e x e r c i s e his f a i t h i n
t h a t baood. The o f f e r i n g which t h e sinner m d e r e p r e s e n t e d t h e sin-
n e r ' s acccgting of t h e blood o f Christ. The blood s p r i n k l e d w i t h i n t h e
v e i 1 , r e p r e s a n t e d G o d ' s g i v i n g his Bon t o d i e f o r that s i n n e r , w a s only
an e ~ y r e s s i o nof f a i t h on t h e p a r t o f t h e s i n n e r , an expression o f his
abbeptance of tnat t h a t was done; b u t t h e blood w i t h i n t h e n i l was God's
r e p r e s c n t h g izirnse!-i' cts g i v i n g his Son t o d i e f o r t h e s i n n e r . )
 9.. The shadow r e p r e s e n t s t h e high p r i e o t as going immediately
w i t h t h e b l o o d , t h e warm blood, of t h e L o r d ' s g o a t , I n t o t h e holy of
.ho l i e s , and s p r i n k l i n g t h a t blood upon t h e mercy s e a t b e f o r e t h e v o i l .
The denominational view t e a c h e s t h a t our g r e a t High P r i e s t d i d not s p r i n -
kle h i s bbood on t h e mercy s e a t b e f o r e t h e v e i l f o r more than eighteen
hundred years a f t e r it was shed.
The p o s i t i o n I h o l d escapes e v e r y one of t h o s e nine c o n t r a d i c -
t i o n h between t h e type and t h e a n t i t y p e . I s a y , To ne i t is impossible.
B r e t h r e n , i f you can s o l v e i t , s o l v e i t ; but it i s impossible for me
t o t a k e t h a t f i r s t mpartrnent work of t h e e a r t h l y s a n c t u a r y and a p p l y i t t o
a p i e c e of t h e plan o f s a l v a t i o n without changing almost every c a r d i n a l
p o i n t i n t h a t s a n c t u a r y , without addine new f u r n i t u r e o r moving t h e f u r -
n i t u r e around d i f f e r e n t l y , and i n every w a y almost v i o l a t i n g t h e p r i n -
c i p l e s of t h e type. B u t when you allow t h e f i r s t a p a r t n e n t work t o
r e p r e s e n t t h e p l a n of s a l v a t i o n f r o m c r e a t i o n t o t h e c r o a s , everything
i s a p e r f e c t f i t , and all seems beautiful and harmonious and complete.
 Statement by A.F.Ball.enger, May 22, 1905.

.
W.W.Prescott: I w a n t t o understand t h e view, and so I wanted t o
s e e i f I understood you, Then when C h r i s t p a i d t h e p e n a l t y on t h e
cross, t h e w h o l e h u m a n f a m i l y w a s f r e e f r o m d e a t h ? Iwantedtogetyour
view of it, I wanted t o understand c l e a r l y .
A.F.RalJ.enger: When C h r i s t d i e d on Calvary, by t h a t a c t he had
reached down and p u t h i s arms around t h e f a l l e n world, and l i f t e d it r i g h t
back up t o t h e p l a c e where i t was b e f o r e i t f e l l o f f t h e platform of t h e
garden'of Eden, and l e f t man a g a i n f r e e t o choose, where Adam was f r e e
t o choose,betaeen e t e r n a l l o s s and e t e r n a l g a i n . So t h a t we read i n

oRomans 5,
"Therefore, as by t h e offence of one judgment came upon all
men t o condemnation; even so by t h e r i g h t e o u s n e s s of one t h e f r e e g i f t
came upon a l l men unto j u s t l f i c a t ion of l i f e . For as by one mants
disobedience many were made s i n n e r s , so by t h e obedience of one shall
many be rmds righteousn.
V.A.Colcord: Could we have a d i r e c t answer t o a d i r e c t question?
I t h i n k Brother P r e o c e t t ' s q u e s t i o n i s very p e r t i n e n t . Do you under-
stand t h a t he made a f i n a l d i s p o s i t i o n of s i n ?
A.3.3al:l.enger: The 8avio1ar d i d not aiways answer q u e s t i o n s
Yes and 110 when t h e y were asked him.
7J.T.Prescott: O n l y I simply wanted t o understand your view.

If I understand your view c o r r e c t l y , when C h r i s t d i e d , then punishment of

any s i n a f t e r tilat would be a doubla punishment; and I judged f r o m t h a t

a
t h a t your i d e a wo1:ld he t h a t nc inan a f t e r t h a t could s u f f e r f o r t h e s i n s ,
inasmluch as C h r i s t had p a i d t h e p e n a l t y . I d i d not want t o m i s i n t e r p r e t .
If t h a t i s r i g h t , j u s t t e l l r-?e i f I have got your view.
I
A.F.Ballenger: The t r o u b l e I s I have only got a few minuten more.
And i f I throw open t h i n g s here t h a t would r e q u i r e another hour t o e x p l a i n ,
I t would be---and y e t I am not a f r a i d .
W.V.Prescott: L e t it drop, I d o not mean t o quibble. I
r a n t e d t o be s u r e I understood your view.
A.F.Ballenger: I w i l l s a y it p l a i n l y , I do not b e l i e v e that
any man w i l l ever gram under t h e same g u i l t under which C h r i s t groaned
on Calvary; but that men w i l l groan because t h e y r e j e c t s o g r e a t salva-
tion. "Of how much s o r e r punishment think ye he shall be thought worthy
who hath trodden under f o o t t h e Son o f GodVn I know t h a t now I ail1
be charged with t e a c h i n g I l n i v e r s a l i m ; but t h i s i s not universalism.
FOOTNOTES

l ~ e v i e w-
and Herald ( h e r e a f t e r c i t e d a s RH), S e p t . 13, 1898, p. 596. P l e a s e
n o t e t h a t , except i n one i n s t a n c e , f o o t n o t e s a r e p l a c e d a t t h e end o f t h e f u l l
paragraph.

2 ~ l l e nWhite, "A Warning Against F a l s e ~ h e o r i e s , " May 24, 1905, i n White

E s t a t e , "The I n t e g r i t y of t h e Sanctuary T r u t h : A Group of E l l e n G . White S t a t e m e n t s
Made i n 1905, 1906, and 1907 Regarding E l d e r A. F. B a l l e n g e r ' s Teachings," p. 12,
Manuscript R e l e a s e #760 ( h e r e a f t e r c i t e d a s MR 760).

3 ~ l t h o u g hMrs. Henry d i e d i n 1900, t h e theology i n h e r book, - The Abiding S p i r i t ,

and h e r RH a r t i c l e s , c l e a r l y e v i d e n c e s t h a t s h e was f o l l o w i n g a p a t h s i m i l a r t o t h e
others.

4 ~ .A.. I r w i n t o E l l e n White, O c t . 3 , 1898, Record Group 1 1 , Outgoing L e t t e r b o o k

19, p. 549, General Conference Archives. P l e a s e n o t e t h a t a l l c i t a t i o n s t o unpublished
m a t e r i a l s h e r e a f t e r a r e housed a t t h e GC Archives e x c e p t t h o s e c i t e d WE, which a r e
housed a t t h e White E s t a t e . Note: No a t t e m p t was made t o compile a complete l i s t i n g
of a l l workers who l e f t t h e church t h a t were a c t i v e i n t h e campmeeting movement of
t h e l a t e 1890s. T h i s l i s t i n g i n c l u d e s only t h o s e a c t i v e i n t h e U.S. and England
who c l e a r l y f e l l w i t h i n t h e p a n t h e i s t i c c a t e g o r y .

5 ~ Nov. ~ , 22, 1898, p. 752. See a l s o E. J . Dryer, "God's Dwelling-Place";

Uriah Smith, "Body and S p i r i t Are H i s " ; C. H. Keslake, he P l a c e of C h r i s t ' s
Minis t r y , " and "The Heavenly p a t t e r n " ; n. a . ( s e l e c t e d ) he God-Man ," and "The
Living ~ e m p l e " ; RH, J u l y 27, 1897, p. 467; Aug. 9 , 1898, pp. 509-10; S e p t . 20,
1898, p. 598; J u l y 17, 1900, p. 453; J u l y 31, 1900, p . 485.

6 ~ F. . B a l l e n g e r RH a r t i c l e s , June 29, 1897, p. 411; Aug. 17, 1897, P . 523;

S e p t . 28, 1897, p. 624; Oct. 5 , 1897, p. 629; B a l l e n g e r , General Conference Daily-
B u l l e t i n , 1899, p. 96.

7 ~ a l l e n g e rRH a r t i c l e s , J u l y 26, 1898, p. 479; May 1 6 , 1899, p. 316; 1899

---
GCDB, p. 69; B a l l e n g e r S i g n s of t h e Times a r t i c l e s , Nov. 15, 1899, p. 738; June
20, 1900, p . 390; J u n e 2 7 , 1900, p . 402.

8 ~ May~ 3,, 1898, p. 288; Oct. 4 , 1898, p. 637; Nov. 15, 1898, p. 740; J u l y
12, 1898, p. 448; June 21, 1898, p. 404; Oct. 31, 1899, p. 708.

of -
9 ~ i g n s- t h e 9-T i m e s J u n e 13, 1900, p . 371; J u l y 25, 1900, P o 468; RH, Aug.
1, 1899, p. 494.

1 ° 8 a l l e n g e r , --
Power f o r Witnessing, P a c i f i c P r e s s : Oakland, 1900, pp . 145-49,
176-79.

l l l r w i n t o E l l e n White, Nov. 10, 1898, J a n . 20, 1899, J u l y 2, 1900, RG 11,

bk. 19, pp. 598, 835, bk. 20, pp. 892-96.

1 2 R ~ ,J a n . 30, 1900, p. 74; I r w i n t o E l l e n White, Feb. 15, 1900, RG 11,

bk. 20, pp. 494-95.

13s. N. H a s k e l l t o E l l e n White, Nov. 10, 1899, RG 11, bk. 20, pp. 247-48,
RH, Sept. 4, 1900, p. 570, Nov. 28, 1899, p . 774, Oct. 9, 1900, p. 650; Underwood,
RH, Apr. 26, 1898, p. 262, May 3 , 1898, p p . 278-79, May 17, 1898, pp. 310-11, May
24, 1898, pp. 326-2?; Loughborough, R H , Oct. 18, Nov. 1 , Nov. 22, Dec. 13, 1898,
pp. 662-63, 695, 747-48, 794; J o n e s , KH, June 20, 1899, p . 392.
 60

14w. A. Spicer to Irwin, Jan. 22, 1904, RG AU 11, 1903-04--S; A. G. Daniells

to G. B. Starr, Jan. 4, 1904, RG 11, bk. 32, p. 921.

15~llenWhite to J. H. Littlejohn, Aug. 3, 1894, RG 11, Special Testimonies,

Testimonies on Miscellaneous Subjects, p. 140; Ellen White to J. E. White, Oct.
22, 1895, Ibid, p. 82; Ellen White, May 19, 1898, RG 11, Special Testimonies, 1898.

16~llenWhite, RG, May 22, 1900, p. 322.

17RH, June 21, Oct. 18, Nov. 8, 1898, pp. 400-01, 670-71, 720, Apr. 10, 1900,
p. 237; R. S. Donnell to L. A. Hoopes, June 26, 1899, and to A. F. Ballenger, June
27, 1899, RG 21, 1899--D.

1 8 ~ .J. Breed to Irwin, July 22, 1900, RG 9, Irwin, G. A.

19~askellto Ellen White, Oct. 3, 1899, Haskell, S. N., 1899, WE.

20~llenWhite to Haskell and Irwin, Dec. 15, 1899, H-207, RG 11, Special
Testimonies, L. A. Hoopes Volume, pp. 458, 459, 462-63, 464, 466.
21~llenWhite to Haskell, Oct. 10, 1900, 2SM, p. 38; Ellen White to Haskell,
July 4, 1900, H-105, RG 11, Special Testimonies, bk. 11 (1898-1900).

2 2 ~ .S. Donnell, "What I Taught in Indiana," Controversial Literature, Vol.

1, No. 10, pp. 24-5, WE.

23~llenWhite, 1901 -
GC Bulletin, p. 419.

24~bid,p. 421.

2%lissionary Worker, Oct. 14, 1903, pp. 157-58.

26present Truth, April 16, 1903, pp. 243-44 and Aug. 14, 1902, p. 516. See
also Present Truth, Jan. 23, June 12 and 19, Nov. 6, 1902, pp. 51, 372, 388, 709.

27~resentTruth, May 6, 1902, p. 148, May 22, 1902, p. 323.

28~resentTruth, June 12, 1902, p. 380, Feb. 5, 1903, p . 85.

29~allengerto H. E. Osborne, Jan. 23, 1902, RG 21, 1902--B; 1902 European

Conference Bulletin, p. 27.
30~.E. Andross to S. N. Haskell, Nov. 12, 1900, RG 9, Haskell, S. N. See also
Andross to Haskell, Feb. 18, 1900, RG 11, Special Testimonies, Testimonies on
Miscellaneous Subjects, p. 125.

31~rwinto Daniells, July 19, 1903, RG 9, Daniells, A. D., folder 1.

32~rwinto Daniells, RG 11, 1903--I; W. C. Sisley to Daniells, June 23,
1903, RG 11, 1903--S.

33~aggonerto Daniells, July 24, 1903, RG 11, 1903--W, fld. 1.

3 4 ~ .R. Conradi to Daniells, Aug. 19, 1903, RG 21, 1903--C.

350.A. Olsen to Daniells, Dec. 29, 31, 1903 and Jan. 29, 1904, RG 11, 1903
and 1904--0; Homer Salisbury to Daniells, Dec. 29, 1903, RG 11, 1903--S.
 3 6 ~ .J. Waggoner to Daniells, Feb. 17, 1903, RG 11, 1903--W, fld. 2.

37~allenger,"What About the Testimonies ," n.d., p. 1; Ballenger to Daniells ,

Mar. 3, 1904, RG 11, 1904--8; Ballenger, "Be£ore Armageddon, 1918, pp. 3-4.
See also White Estate, "Babylon--Identification of in "Great Controversy," RG
17, M. L. Andreasen, White Publications folder; D. E. Robinson, "IS It a Contra-
diction?' April 30, 1931, RG 58, L. E. Froom Reference Files, Plagerism folder.

38~resentTruth, June 5, 1902, p. 355.

3 9 ~ .H. Kellogg to Ellen White, n.d., c. 1902-03, W. C. White Outgoing Letter-

book 31, p. 227, WE.
40~elloggto Prescott, Oct. 25, 1903, RG 11, bk. 32, p. 132.

411. H. Evans to Irwin, Nov. 12, 1903, RG AU 11, 1903-04--E; Prescott to

Haskell, Feb. 10, 1905, Prescott, W. W., 1905, WE; Daniells to E. H. Gates, Mar.
20, 1904, RG 11, bk. 33, p. 491.
42~aniellsto C. McReynolds, Oct. 5, 1903, RG 11, bk. 31, p. 862; Daniells to
Ellen White, Jan. 8, 1904, RG 11, bk. 33, p. 20; Daniells to W. J. Stone, Feb. 12,
1904, RG 11, bk. 33, p. 406; Daniells to T. E. Bowen, Oct. 6, 1904, RG 11, bk. 35,
p. 24; Daniells to J. 0. Johnston, Aug. 14, 1903, RG 11, bk. 31, p. 226.

43~aniellsto Haskell, June 22, 1906, RG 11, bk. 39, p. 92; Daniells to Evans,
July 6, 1904, RG 11, bk. 34, p. 325; Daniells to W. C. White, Oct. 28, 1904, RG
11, bk. 35, p. 217.

44~.A. Underwood to Daniells, Jan. 2 and Sept. 18, 1903, RG 11, 1903--U;
H. W. Cottrell, Statement, Mar. 28, 1903, at GC session, RG 1, Stenographic Report
of 1903 GC Session, Mar. 28 Meeting; G. B. Thompson to Daniells, Aug. 11, 1903,
RG 11, 1903--T.

45~llenWhite, "The Berrien Springs Meeting," July 25, 1904, RG 11, Special
Testimonies, Testimonies During 1904, p. 112. For brief summaries for many of the
Testimonies concerning the crisis, see W. W. Prescott to E. L. MacLafferty, April
9, 1905, RG 11, 1905--P.

46~.C. White to Daniells, Oct. 9, 1903, RG 11, 1903--W, fld. 1.

47~aniellsto C. McReynolds, Oct. 26, 1903, RG 11, bk. 31, p. 956; Ellen White,
"Decided Action to Be Taken Now," Oct., 1903, F. M. Wilcox Personal Collection,
Testimonies of Special Interest.
48~rescott to E. L. MacLafferty, Apr. 9, 1905, RG 11, 1905--P; Ellen White,
"A Peculiar People," July 6, 1902, RG 11, Special Testimonies, Testimonies Relating
to Medical Missionary Work During the Year 1902, p. 216; Ellen White to "Brethren
Magan and Sutherland," Oct. 9, 1903, RG 11, Special Testimonies, Testimonies on
Various Subjects During 1903, p. 318; Ellen White, "~ecidedAction to Be Taken
Now," Ibid; Ellen White, "An Open Letter," May, 1903, F. M. Wilcox PC, Miscellaneous
Materials; Ellen White, "Teach the word," RH, Oct. 22, 1903, p. 8.

49~aniellsto Irwin, Aug. 11, 1903, RG 11, bk. 34, p. 735; Daniells to Edith
Graham, Aug. 11, 1903, Ibid, p. 730; Spicer to Irwin, April 6, 1904, RG AU 11,
1903-04--0; Daniells to Conradi, Nov. 3, 1903, RG 11, bk. 32, p. 273.

50~aniellsto M. C. Wilcox, Oct. 26, 1903, RG 11, bk. 31, p. 949; Prescott to
B. F. Anderson, Feb. 18, 1904, RG 11, bk. 33, p. 433.
 "waggoner t o D a n i e l l s and P r e s c o t t , S e p t . 5 , 1904, RG 11, 1904--W; Olsen t o
E l l e n White, Aug. 15, 1905, Olsen, 0. A . , 1904-05, WE.

5 2 ~ a n i e l l st o E l l e n White, S e p t . 10, 1903, D a n i e l l s , A . G . , July-Dec., 1903, WE.

5 3 ~ l l e nWhite t o Kellogg, Nov. 11, 1902, K-174-02, RG 11, S p e c i a l Testimonies,

Book 23, Testimonies Received During 1906, p. 266; E l l e n White t o D a n i e l l s , Dec.
14, 1903, D-269-03, WE.

5 4 ~ e eE l l e n White, "Teach t h e Word," RH, Oct. 22, 1903, p. 8; Summary of

E l l e n White t a l k a t 1903 GC s e s s i o n , RG 1, S t e n o g r a p h i c Report of 1903 S e s s i o n ,
Mar. 30, meeting, pp. 1-2; E l l e n White, "A Warning Against P r e s e n t Dangers,'' Nov.
27, 1903, and "Dear B r e t h r e n and S i s t e r s i n t h e South," J a n . 22, 1904, RG 11,
S p e c i a l Testimonies, Testimonies Received During 1903 and 1904 Volumes.

5 5 ~ .C. White t o J . E. White, J a n . 12, 1905, W . C . White Outgoing L e t t e r b o o k

26, p. 395; E l l e n White t o D r . Kress, Feb. 17, 1905, Messenger t o t h e Remnant, p. 9 3 ,
Evangelism, pp. 594-95.

5 6 ~ a l l e n g e rwas g i v e n a h e a r i n g b e f o r e t h e B r i t i s h Union Conference i n e a r l y

February, 1905. S i n c e t h e t i m e f o r t h e h e a r i n g was l i m i t e d because B a l l e n g e r had
appointments t o r e t u r n t o i n I r e l a n d , where he was s u p e r i n t e n d e n t of t h e I r i s h
Mission, a d d i t i o n a l meetings were h e l d i n I r e l a n d . I t was t h e r e decided t o
recommend t h a t B a l l e n g e r b e g i v e n a h e a r i n g a t t h e forthcoming GC s e s s i o n . Two
a t t i t i o n a l B r i t i s h workers, William Hutchinson and C . F. Marker, a l s o a t t e n d e d t h e
s e s s i o n because of t h e i r a c c e p t a n c e of t h e B a l l e n g e r s a n c t u a r y t e a c h i n g . I n
a d d i t i o n , William Robinson, f o r m e r l y of England, b u t i n 1905 s e r v i n g a s a worker
i n Spain, followed t h e B a l l e n g e r s a n c t u a r y t e a c h i n g i n 1905 and was r e l i e v e d of
h i s position.

5 7 ~ .C. White w r o t e D a n i e l l s a s f o l l o w s : "What you have w r i t t e n US about

t h e views which B r o t h e r A. F. B a l l e n g e r h o l d s r e g a r d i n g t h e s a n c t u a r y a n d t h e atonement
makes US very s a d indeed." (Emphasis added) W. C. White t o D a n i e l l s , Mar. 30, 1905,
RG 11,1905--w.

5 8 ~ .W. Farnsworth t o D a n i e l l s , Feb. 22, 1905, RG 11, 1905--F; D a n i e l l s t o

W. C . White, Mar. 16, 1905, D a n i e l l s , A. G . , Jan.-Mar., 1905, WE; 0. A . Olsen t o
D a n i e l l s , Mar. 28, 1905, RG 11, 1905--0; W. C . White t o D a n i e l l s , Mar. 30, 1905,
RG 11, 1905--W; Mrs. V . J . Farnsworth t o D a n i e l l s , Apr. 6 , 1905, RG 11, 1905--F;
D a n i e l l s t o W. C . W h i t e , A p r i l 7, 1905, RG 11, bk. 36, p . 825; D a n i e l l s t o E. R .
Palmer, A p r i l 18, 1905, I b i d , p. 938.

5 9 ~ p i c e rt o W. Robinson, A p r i l 10, 1905, RG 21, bk. 40, p . 831; S p i c e r t o

Robinson, June 29, 1905, RG 21, bk. 41, p. 383; S p i c e r t o E. E . Andross, J u l y 16,
1905, RG 21, bk. 41, p. 535; S p i c e r t o D a n i e l l s , Aug. 6 , 1905, RG 11, 1905--S;
S p i c e r t o C. H. Watson, Oct. 20, 1929, RG 11, 1929--W; S p i c e r , "How t h e S p i r i t of
Prophecy Met a Crisis," 1938, pp. 78-9: "It was mysticism t h a t f l a v o r e d t h e t h e o r y
t h a t s e t a s i d e t h e t r u t h of t h e heavenly s a n c t u a r y w i t h i t s s e r v i c e s of t h e h o l y
and most h o l y p l a c e s , when A. F. B a l l e n g e r brought t h e s p i r i t u a l i z i n g method from
h i s s t u d y of t h e popular commentators i n England. ... Out of i t came t h e t e a c h i n g
about t h e s a n c t u a r y t h a t t h e S p i r i t of Prophecy c l a s s e d w i t h t h e mysticism of t h e
' L i v i n g Temple' s c h o o l , " RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s , W . A. S p i c e r Manuscript f o l d e r ;
S p i c e r , "How S p i r i t u a l P r i d e Led I n t o E r r o r , " RH, May 11, 1905, p. 4. A. T . Jones
a l s o a f f i r m s t h a t t h e denomination became s k e p t i c a l of B a l l e n g e r o v e r h i s " ~ e c e i v e
y e t h e Holy Ghost" message and i n i t i a l l y l i m i t e d h i s f i e l d of o p e r a t i o n w i t h i n t h e
United S t a t e s b e f o r e h e was s e n t t o England, where he was l i k e w i s e l i m i t e d , a c c o r d i n g
t o J o n e s , "Workers Together," - The Gathering C a l l , Sept.-Oct., 1921, pp. 3 , 5 .
 60
Andross, A More Excellent Ministry, p. 10; A. F. Ballenger, "The Bible in the
-
Reformation," The Gathering Call, June, 1921, p. 2; White Estate, MR 760.

61~allenger,"An Examination of Forty Fatal Errors Regarding the Atonement ,"

1913, p. 2; Ballenger, "The Nine Theses," RG 11, Documents, 1901-50, Reports:
Narrative. See Appendix, p. 53 for "The Nine ~heses."

63~allenger,-The Proclamation of Liberty and the Unpardonable Sin, 1915,

pp. 94-5, 266; E. S. Ballenger, The Gatheringml, Sept.-Oct., 1921, p. 2, Nov.,
1921, p. 4; "Cast Out for the Cross of Christ," 1909, pp. 103-05.

64~llenWhite, Council of President's Meeting, Mar. 3, 1891, RG 1, Transcript

of 1891 Meeting of Council of Presidents; E. G. White Diary, May 20, 1905, MR 760.

66~llenWhite, "A Warning Against False ~heories,"May 24, 1905, Ibid, pp. 10-17.

%bid, pp. 24, 38.

69~picerto H. W. Miller, June 29, 1905, RG 21, bk. 41, p. 362; Spicer to D. T.
Bourdeau, June 18, 1905, Ibid, p. 176; Irwin to C. McReynolds, July 27, 1905,
RG NA 11, bk. 1, p. 201; Remarks of A. T. Jones to delegates of the GC, May 30,
1905, RG 11, Special Testimonies, Testimonies on Miscellaneous Subjects; Remarks
of E. G. White, May 30, 1905, Ibid.

71~ndross,Transcript of "Studies on the Sanctuary," July 14, 1911, DF 178,

WE; Minutes of GCC Meeting, May 30, 1905, RG 1, GCC Minutes.

72~aniellsto Spicer, Aug. 25, 1905, Daniells, A. G., Jul .-Dec., 1905, WE ;
Conradi and Daniells to Haughey, Aug. 27, 1905, RG 11, 1905--H; Daniells to W. C.
White, Oct. 3, 1905, Daniells, A. G., July-Dec., 1905, WE; Andross to W. C. White,
Andross, E. E., 1908-09, WE; Andross, Transcript of "Studies on the Sanctuary,
No. 3," July 16, 1911, DF 178, WE.

73~allenger,"Cast Out for the Cross of Christ ," p . 109.

75"~otesFrom the General Conference Office," Dec. 14, 1916, RG 17, W. W.
Prescott, 1916-17--D.

.
76~askellto Ellen White, Sept 27, 1905, Haskell, S. N. , July-Dec., 1905, WE;
Irwin to W. C. White, Oct. 5, 1905, Irwin, G. A., 1904-05, WE; Ellen White to Brother
and Sister Haskell, n.d. c. Oct. 10, 1905, RG 11, Special Testimonies, Testimonies
During 1905, p. 92.

"~aniells to W. C. White, Oct. 11, 12, and Nov. 13, 1905, Daniells, A. G.,
July-Dec., 1905, WE; Ellen White to Prescott and Daniells, Dec. 16, 1905, RG 11,
Special Testimonies, Testimonies During 1905, p. 167; Daniells to Butler, Mar. 26,
1906, D a n i e l l s t o S p i c e r , A p r i l 3, 1906, D a n i e l l s t o W. C. White, May 17, 1906,
RG 11, bk. 38, pp. 219-20, 301-02, 566-67; D a n i e l l s t o B u t l e r , J a n . 14, 1907,
RG 11, bk. 40, pp. 483-84.

7 8 ~ . W. S c o l e s , P l a t f o r m --
and Voice, S e p t . , 1909, pp. 5-6.

The S t r a i g h t Testimony --
7 9 ~ h i p p e n y ,- and t h e Harvest Message, Oct., 1911, pp. 4-5.

8 0 ~ .C. C r i s l e r t o D a n i e l l s , Oct. 20, 1909, RG 11, 1909--C; C. C . C r i s l e r t o

D a n i e l l s , Feb. 19, 1911, C r i s l e r , C. C., 1911, WE.

8 1 ~ p i c e rt o P r e s c o t t , Nov. 6 , 1910, RG 21, bk. 54, p. 432; S p i c e r t o I. Keck,

J u l y 18, 1910, RG 21, bk. 53, pp. 910-11.

8 1 a ~ .M. Wilcox t o D a n i e l l s , J u l y 12, 1911, RG 11, 1911--W; B u t l e r , "Many

Voices, Nos. 1-6, RH, Aug. 17 t o S e p t . 21, 1911; I r w i n t o C . H. J o n e s , Nov. 23,
1911, w i t h I r w i n t o D a n i e l l s , Nov. 23, 1911, RG 11, 1911--I; W. T. Knox t o D a n i e l l s ,
Dec. 17, 1911, RG 11, 1911--K; D a n i e l l s t o I r w i n , J a n . 4, 1912, RG 11, bk. 50,
p. 222; D a n i e l l s t o W. C. White, J u l y 10, 1912, RG 11, bk. 50, pp. 1027-28.

8 2 ~ r e s c o f t , F. M. Wilcox and C. M. Snow t o Andross, Dec. 5 , 1911, RG 11, 1911--A;

D a n i e l l s t o W. C . White, Mar. 20, 1908, RG 11, 1908--W, f l d . 1.

8 3 ~ .M. Wilcox t o D a n i e l l s , June 5, 1911, RG 11, 1911--W.

8 4 ~ .E. F i f i e l d , "Cleansing of t h e Sanctuary ," RH, S e p t . 21, 1897, p . 594.

8 5 ~ n d r o s st o H a s k e l l , Nov. 12, 1900, RG 9 , H a s k e l l , S. N .

8 6 ~ a s k e l lt o W. C. White, O c t . 13, 1905 and H a s k e l l t o E. G . White, Oct. 15,

1905, H a s k e l l , S. N . , July-Dec., 1905, WE.

8 7 ~ . C. White t o H. W. C a r r , S e p t . 21, 1908, W. C . W. bk. 36, p. 587, WE;

D a n i e l l s t o E l l e n White, J a n . 4, 1904, RG 11, bk. 32, p. 929; E l l e n White t o Kellogg,
Dec. 30, 1901, K-188-01, RG 11, S p e c i a l T e s t i m o n i e s , bk. 23, Testimonies Received
During 1906, p. 234; D a n i e l l s , T r a n s c r i p t of Remarks Before F a c u l t y of Fernando
Academy, Fernando, Cal., May 11, 19 10, p. 2, DF 200, WE; D a n i e l l s , "A Review of
Experiences Leading t o a C o n s i d e r a t i o n of t h e Question of he ~ a i l y 'of D a n i e l
8:9-14, RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s , "The ~ a i l y , "S e c t i o n 1, p. 2.

8 8 ~ a n i e l l s ,U n t i t l e d Manuscript, n . d . , RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s , "The D a i l y , "

S e c t i o n 2; D a n i e l l s , "A Review of Experiences Leading t o a C o n s i d e r a t i o n of t h e
Question of " t h e D a i l y ' of D a n i e l 8:9-14, RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s , "The D a i l y , "
S e c t i o n 1; John Kolvoord and Moses Kellogg, "The V i s i o n of t h e Evening and t h e
Morning: A Study of t h e Prophecy of D a n i e l ~111," C o n t r o v e r s i a l L i t e r a t u r e , Vol.
2, No. 12, WE; P r e s c o t t t o H a s k e l l , Dec. 1 , 1907, RG 5 8 , L. E. Froom F i l e s , f he
D a i l y , " F o l d e r 2.

8 9 ~ .C. White t o J. S. Washburn, Oct. 27, 1910, p. 26-7, RG 17, M. L. Andreasen,

"The Daily"; D a n i e l l s , "A Review of Experiences ,It ...
RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s ,
"The Daily," S e c t i o n 1.

'OL. A. Smith and F. C. G i l b e r t , " 'The ~ a i l y 'i n t h e Prophecy of D a n i e l , "

pp. 2-3, 24.

' l ~ b i d , pp. i6-7, 30-1.

9 2 ~ a g g o n e rt o Bollman, c . Feb., 1910, RG 11, 1910--W; "A Statement Sent Out

by L. A. Smith," c. A p r i l , 1910, RG 58, L. E . Froom Reference F i l e s , 1920s-30s,
ÿÿ he ail^," F o l d e r 2; D a n i e l l s t o W. C. White, Aug. 4, 1910, RG 11, bk. 47, p. 447.
9 3 ~ a n i e l l st o 3 . C . S t e v e n s , June 25, 1909, RG 11, bk. 45, pp. 558-59; D a n i e l l s ,
U n t i t l e d Manuscript, c . June 1910, RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s , "The Daily ," S e c t i o n 2;
D a n i e l l s t o Conradi, Dec. 23, 1909, RG 11, bk. 46, pp. 317-18; S p i c e r t o C l a r e n c e
S a n t e e , Dec. 28, 1909, RG 21, bk. 52, p. 870.

9 4 ~ r e s c ot t, "The E s s e n t i a l Teaching of t h e Second Advent Movement, " RH, Sep t .

30, 1909, pp. 5-6; P r e s c o t t , "our Time and Work From t h e P r o p h e t i c S t a n d p o i n t , "
RH, Dec. 16, 1909; P r e s c o t t , "The B i b l e o n l y , " RH, Dec. 23, 1909, p . 4.

9 5 ~ u t l e rt o E l l e n White, J u l y 3, 1910, B u t l e r , G. I . , 1910-11, WE.

9 6 ~ l l e nWhite t o P r e s c o t t and Colcord, J a n . 16, 1905, RG 11, S p e c i a l T e s t i m o n i e s ,

Testimonies During 1905, p. 38; E l l e n White t o "Brethren D a n i e l l s and P r e s c o t t and
T h e i r A s ~ o c i a t e s ,Oct.
~ ~ 30, 1905, I b i d , p. 119.

9 7 ~ .C. White t o D a n i e l l s , Mar. 24, 1908, RG 11, 1908--W, f l d . 2; E l l e n White,

L e t t e r 226, 1908, DF 202, WE; E l l e n White t o H a s k e l l , Aug. 28, 1908, i n W. C . White t o
J . S. Washburn, Oct. 27, 1910, p. 21, RG 17, M. L. Andreasen, "The Daily"; E l l e n
White t o H a s k e l l , May 24, 1910, RG 21, S p e c i a l F i l e s , "The D a i l y , " S e c t i o n 1.

9 8 ~ .C. White t o D a n i e l l s , Mar. 13, 1910, D a n i e l l s , A. G., 1910, WE.

9 9 ~ l l e nWhite, "our A t t i t u d e Toward D o c t r i n a l ~ o n t r o v e r s y , " 1 SM, pp. 164-65,

168; E l l e n White, "To My B r e t h r e n i n t h e M i n i s t r y , " Aug. 3 , 1910, B-62-10, RG
PC 2, F. C. G i l b e r t , Box 2, E l l e n G . White L e t t e r s .

l o o ~ a n i e l l s t o G. B. Thompson, S e p t . 22, 1910, RG 11, bk. 47, p. 756; D a n i e l l s

t o Evans, RG 11, bk. 48, pp. 578-79.

l o l ~ a n i e l l st o W. C. White, J a n . 3, 1910, RG 11, b k . 46, pp. 393-94.

l o 2 s p i c e r t o Smith, Nov. 9 , 1909, RG 21, bk. 52, pp. 351-52; D a n i e l l s t o W. C .

White, June 21, 1910, RG 11, bk. 46, p. 981; Conradi t o D a n i e l l s , Oct. 11, 1910,
RG 11, 1910--C; P r e s c o t t , I ' 'The ~ a i l y 'A B r i e f Reply t o Two L e a f l e t s on T h i s
S u b j e c t , " n . d . , p. 19, RG 58, L. E. Froom Reference F i l e s , 1920s-30s, "The D a i l y , "
f l d . 1.

1 0 3 ~ r e s c o t t , "The Message f o r T h i s ~ i m e , " Sermon, Oct. 10, 1903, a t Second

SDA Church, Washington, D . C . , i n RH, Oct. 22, 1903, p . 5; P r e s c o t t , h he Mediation of
C h r i s t , " P r o t e s t a n t Magazine, Nov., 1912, p. 251. See a l s o RH, Nov. 19, 26,
Dec. 3, 1-erous P r o t e s t a n t Magazine a r t i c l e s between 1911 and 1913.

lo4w. W. F l e t c h e r , " ~ e t t e r st o Conference P r e s i d e n t s , " a s copied by G . B.

S t a r r , S e p t . 17, 1930, G, B. S t a r r Statement a t t a c h e d , RG 58, L. E. Froom Reference
F i l e s , l92Os-l93Os, "The ~ a i l ," y f o l d e r 4.

1 0 5 ~ r w i n , "The Mark of t h e B e a s t : Of What Does I t C o n s i s t and When Is I t

Received, c . 1911, p. 3, DF 392, WE; D a n i e l l s t o W. C. White, Feb. 1 , 1910, RG 11,
1910--W; W. C . White t o J . E. White, June 1 , 1909, RG 58, L . E . Froom Reference
F i l e s , Elmshaven M a t e r i a l s .

l o 6 s p i c e r t o Conradi, Nov. 30, 1914, RG 21, bk. 63, pp. 618-19; P r e s c o t t t o

W. C. White, A p r i l 6 , 1915, DF 198, WE.

1 0 7 s p i c e r t o Conradi, S e p t . 7 , 1910, RG 21, bk. 53, p. 960; S p i c e r t o J . S .

B u r n e t t , S e p t . 4 , 1910, I b i d , pp. 913-14.
 lo%. W. Carr t o D a n i e l l s , A p r i l 1 3 , 1909, RG 1 1 , 1909--C.

1 0 9 ~ a g g o n e r , he Beginning of A p o s t a s y , " P r e s e n t T r u t h , J a n . 30, 1902, p .

69; C . C. C r i s l e r t o E. E. Andross, Oct. 14, 1913, Andross, E . E . , 1912-13, WE.

l l O ~ a n i e l l s t o Palmer, June 27, 1906, RG 11, b k . 39, p . 148; W. C . White t o

D a n i e l l s , Aug. 13, 1906, W. C . White bk. 30, p . 994; Andross, P a c i f i c Union R e c o r d e r ,
J a n . 26, 1911, p. 3; S p i c e r t o G . F. H a f f n e r , Feb. 9 , 1909, RG 21, b k . 50, pp. 59-60.

l l l ~ l l e nWhite, "A Warning A g a i n s t D e c e p t i v e ~ e a c h i n g , " J u n e 23, 1904, i n

W. C. White bk. 29, p . 703, WE.

' 1 2 s p i c e r t o E. H. P a s c a l , J u l y 24, 1905, RG 21, b k . 4 1 , p . 648; D a n i e l l s t o

C o n r a d i , Aug. 5 , 1903, RG 11, bk. 31, pp. 117-18.

'13c. C. C r i s l e r t o Andross, Oct. 1 4 , 1913, Andross, E. E., 1912-13, WE;

L. E. Froom, "Elder D a n i e l l s ' Wishes, R e q u e s t s , and Charges Re H i s M a n u s c r i p t , "
J u n e 8 , 1935, RG 58, L. E. Froom, "0-Z."

l 1 4 w . C. White t o Lea A. Beach, Feb. 21, 1909, W . C . White b k . 37, p . 552, WE.

' I 5 ~ l l e n White, May 11, 1899, RG 11, S p e c i a l T e s t i m o n i e s , T e s t i m o n i e s on

.
M i s c e l l a n e o u s S u b j e c t s , "Daniel S e c t i o n , " p 44.