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Lecture 22 Note
Lecture 22 Note
Mechanical Vibrations
Lecture 22
Chap 5.4
1
5.4 Damped vibration absorber
x ca ca x k ka
m 0 ka x (t ) F0
F (t )=F0sint 0 m
a xa
ca ca xa ka
sin t
ka xa (t ) 0
x x (t ) X
sin t
xa (t ) X a
X2 ( ka ma 2 ) 2 2 ca2
m (5.35)
F02 (k m 2 )(k m 2 ) m k 2 2 k ( m m ) 2 2 c 2 2
a a a a a a
ca ka xa
X a2 ka2 2 ca2
ma F02 (k m 2 )(k m 2 ) m k 2 2 k ( m m ) 2 2 c 2 2
k /2 k /2 a a a a a a
k ka m
p , a , a , a ,r r in Sec.5.3
m ma m p p a
k maa2 ca ca a ca
a
,
2
a
k m p2 2ma p 2maa p 2 ka ma
a
Four Design Variables
: mass ratio Xk
r
r 2 r
2 2 2 2
(5.37) (A)
: frequency ratio r 1 r 2 r r 1 r 2
2 2
F0 r
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
: damping ratio 4 2
r : excitation frequency ratio 1 r2
X ak 4
r
r 2 2 r 2 1 r 2 2 2 r 2 r 2 1 r 2
2 2
F0
Xk 4 2 r 2 ( r 2 2 ) 2
f (r , , , ) 2
(5.37)
F0 4 2 r 2 (r 2 r 2 1) 2 (r 2 1)(r 2 2 ) r 2 2
2
Matlab commands for
Dimensionless amplitude of primary mass
Xk 4 2 r 2 (r 2 2 ) 2
f (r , , , ) 2
F0 4 2 r 2 (r 2 r 2 1) 2 (r 2 1)(r 2 2 ) r 2 2
2 r r2 2
2 2
30
dB(X)=20*log10(X)
r r 2 2 r 2 1 r 2 2
2
2 2
2 r
2 2
1 r
20
10
-10
-20
-30
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Region of absorption
As damping increases, the frequency range of absorption decreases, but the resonance peaks come down.
‐ Note that curves for different damping ratios cross with each other at two invariant points.
‐ Can you derive the location of the two points ?
6
3
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Plot in linear scale:
Do you see differences among curves better in comparison with the plot in dB scale?
2 r r 2 2
2 2 2
Xk 40
F0 2 r r 2 1 r 2 r 2 2 r 2 1 r 2 2
2 2 2 30
20
r 2 2 =1
2
10
4r 2 2 2
4r
0
-10
r 2 2 r 2 1 r 2 2
2
4r 2 r 2 1 r 2 2
2 -20
𝑟 𝑟
4r r 1 r
2 2 2 2
-30
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
r2 2 r 2 2 r 2 1 r 2 2
When 1 𝛽 𝜇𝛽 2𝛽
2r 2r r 2 1 r 2 𝑟 2
2 𝜇
𝑟
2 𝜇
0
2 Xk
r rP , rQ 1 1 r 2 1
1
F r rP ,rQ
1 r 2 1
0
8
4
Den Hartog’s Optimal Tuning
Prof. Den Hartog suggested that the most favorable case should be such that two fixed
points are adjusted to equal values of the dimensionless amplitude by a proper choice of 𝜷.
𝑿𝒌 𝑿𝒌
Optimum Tuning: 𝒓𝑷 𝒓𝑸
𝑭𝟎 𝑭𝟎
Xk
r rP , rQ 1 1 r 2 1
F0 r rP ,rQ
1 𝜇 𝑟 1= 1 𝜇 𝑟 1
1 𝛽 𝜇𝛽 2𝛽
from 𝑟 2 𝑟 0
2 𝜇 2 𝜇
𝑟 +𝑟 2 Optimal tuning
condition
2 =
Optimum Tuning 𝜔 1
∴𝛽
𝜔 1 𝜇
𝑟 𝑟 = 1
9
10
5
With damping in the absorber
11
r r 2 2 r 2 1 r 2 2
2
2 r 2 2
2
F0 2
1 r
% Matlab commands to plot normalized amplitude of absorber mass
r=linspace(0.5,1.5,500);
ze=[0.01;0.05;0.1;0.20;0.50];be=1;mu=0.25
num=1+(2*ze*r).^2/be.^4
den1=ones(size(ze))*(‐1+(1+mu)*r.*r).^2.*(2*ze*r).^2
den2=ones(size(ze))*(mu*be*be*(r.*r)‐(r.*r‐1).*(r.*r‐be*be)).^2
X=sqrt( num ./ ( den1+den2 ));
figure(1)
plot(r,X)% in linear scale
plot(r,20*log10(X))% in dB scale
12
6
Magnitude of absorber mass vibration
(for =0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, =0.25 & =1.0)
• In the operational range, the absorber mass has relatively large motion.
• Deflection limits of the absorber mass must be taken care of!!
50 300
40 250
30 200
20 150
10 100
0 50
-10 0
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
dB scale
Range of operation
linear scale
13
14
7
Houdaille (or Lanchester) Damper
• Equation of motion:
15
Xk 4 2 r 2 (r 2 2 ) 2
Recall : f (r , ; , ) 2
(5.37) a
ka
0, a 0 (D)
F0 4 r (r r 1) 2 (r 2 1)(r 2 2 ) r 2 2
2 2 2 2 ma p
1k 4 2 r 2
f (r , ; ) (5.39) (E)
M0 4 2 ( r 2 r 2 1) 2 (r 2 1) 2 r 2
where ca /2J 2 p ca /2ma p , r / p
16
8
How to get the invariant point?
2
Xk 4 2 r 2
4 2 r 2 1 r 2 r 2 r 2 1
2 2
F0
r2
4 2
4
r 2 r 2 1
2
2
4 r 2 1 r 2 2
4 r 2
1 r
2 2
r 2 1 2
When 2 1: r 2
r 1 r 2 2 For only minus sign
2
2
1
Xk 2 2
rP , ,1
F0 2
17
40
30
Xk 4 2 r 2
r
4 r 1 r 2 r 2 r 2 1
2 2 2 2
F0 20
10
0 Xk 2 2
rP , ,1
F0 2
-10
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Note that curves for different damping ratios cross with each other at one
invariant point. Which curve is most preferable? Please find the optimal
damping ratio and email me including the
18
solution. (In‐Class Quiz by May 23)