Topic 1 and 2 [320 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 4] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.11

Helen is building a cabin using cylindrical logs of length 2.4 m and radius 8.4 cm. A
wedge is cut from one log and the cross-section of this log is illustrated in the
following diagram.

Find the volume of this log. [4]

Markscheme

volume = 240 (π × 8.4

2
−
1

2
× 8.4
2
× 0.872664 …) M1M1M1

Note: Award M1 240 × area, award M1 for correctly substituting area sector formula, award
M1 for subtraction of their area of the sector from area of circle.

= 45800 (= 45811.96071) A1

[4 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 6] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.2
The Osaka Tigers basketball team play in a multilevel stadium.

The most expensive tickets are in the first row. The ticket price, in Yen (¥), for each row forms an
arithmetic sequence. Prices for the first three rows are shown in the following table.

(a) Write down the value of the common difference, d [1]

Markscheme

(d =) − 250 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the price of a ticket in the 16th row. [2]

Markscheme

(u 16 =)6800 + (16 − 1) (−250) M1

(¥)3050 A1

[2 marks]
(c) Find the total cost of buying 2 tickets in each of the first 16 rows. [3]

Markscheme

(S 16 =) (
16

2
) (2 × 6800 + (16 − 1) (− 250)) × 2 M1M1

Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into arithmetic series formula.

Award M1 for multiplication by 2 seen.

OR

(S 16 =) (
16
2
) (6800 + 3050) × 2 M1M1

Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into arithmetic series formula.

Award M1 for multiplication by 2 seen.

(¥)158 000 (157 600) A1

[3 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 4] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.8
The intensity level of sound, L measured in decibels (dB), is a function of the sound intensity, S
watts per square metre (W m−2). The intensity level is given by the following formula.

L = 10 log 10 (S × 10
12
,
) S ≥ 0.

(a) An orchestra has a sound intensity of 6.4 × 10−3 W m−2 . Calculate the intensity
level, L of the orchestra. [2]

Markscheme

10 log
10
(6.4 × 10
−3
× 10
12
) (M1)

= 98.1(dB) (98.06179…) A1

[2 marks]

(b) A rock concert has an intensity level of 112 dB. Find the sound intensity, S . [2]

Markscheme

112 = 10 log
10
(S × 10
12
) (M1)

0.158 (W m−2) (0.158489… (W m−2)) A1

[2 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 6] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.5
Professor Vinculum investigated the migration season of the Bulbul bird from their
natural wetlands to a warmer climate.

He found that during the migration season their population, P could be modelled by
, t ≥ 0 , where t is the number of days since the start of the migration
−t
P = 1350 + 400(1.25)

season.

(a.i) Find the population of the Bulbul birds at the start of the migration season. [1]

Markscheme

1750 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Find the population of the Bulbul birds after 5 days. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
−5
1350 + 400(1.25)

= 1480 A1

Note: Accept 1481.

[2 marks]

(b) Calculate the time taken for the population to decrease below 1400. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
−t
1400 = 1350 + 400(1.25)

9.32 (days (9.31885…) (days)) A1

[2 marks]

(c) According to this model, find the smallest possible population of Bulbul birds
during the migration season. [1]
Markscheme

1350 A1

Note: Accept 1351 as a valid interpretation of the model as P = 1350 is an asymptote.

[1 mark]
5. [Maximum mark: 6] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.5
Professor Vinculum investigated the migration season of the Bulbul bird from their
natural wetlands to a warmer climate.

He found that during the migration season their population, P could be modelled by
, t ≥ 0 , where t is the number of days since the start of the migration
−t
P = 1350 + 400(1.25)

season.

(a.i) Find the population of the Bulbul birds at the start of the migration season. [1]

Markscheme

1750 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Find the population of the Bulbul birds after 5 days. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
−5
1350 + 400(1.25)

= 1480 A1

Note: Accept 1481.

[2 marks]

(b) Calculate the time taken for the population to decrease below 1400. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
−t
1400 = 1350 + 400(1.25)

9.32 (days (9.31885…) (days)) A1

[2 marks]

(c) According to this model, find the smallest possible population of Bulbul birds
during the migration season. [1]
Markscheme

1350 A1

Note: Accept 1351 as a valid interpretation of the model as P = 1350 is an asymptote.

[1 mark]
6. [Maximum mark: 17] SPM.2.SL.TZ0.5
The braking distance of a vehicle is defined as the distance travelled from where the brakes are
applied to the point where the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

The speed, s m s , and braking distance, d m, of a truck were recorded. This information
−1

is summarized in the following table.

This information was used to create Model A, where d is a function of s, s ≥ 0.

Model A: d (s) = ps
2
, where p, q
+ qs ∈ Z

At a speed of 6 m s −1
, Model A can be represented by the equation 6p + q = 2 .

(a.i) Write down a second equation to represent Model A, when the speed is
10 m s .−1
[2]

Markscheme

M1
2
p(10) + q (10) = 60

10p + q = 6 (100p + 10q = 60) A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Find the values of p and q. [2]

Markscheme

,
p = 1 q = −4 A1A1

Note: If p and q are both incorrect then award M1A0 for an attempt to solve simultaneous
equations.

[2 marks]

(b) Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = d (s) . [2]

Markscheme
 (2, −4) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct coordinate.

Award A0A1 if parentheses are missing.

[2 marks]

(c) Using the values in the table and your answer to part (b), sketch the graph of
y = d (s) for 0 ≤ s ≤ 10 and −10 ≤ d ≤ 60, clearly showing the vertex. [3]

Markscheme

A3

Note: Award A1 for smooth quadratic curve on labelled axes and within correct window.
Award A1 for the curve passing through (0, 0) and (10, 60). Award A1 for the curve passing
through their vertex. Follow through from part (b).

[3 marks]

(d) Hence, identify why Model A may not be appropriate at lower speeds. [1]
 Markscheme

the graph indicates there are negative stopping distances (for low speeds) R1

Note: Award R1 for identifying that a feature of their graph results in negative stopping
distances (vertex, range of stopping distances…).

[1 mark]

Additional data was used to create Model B, a revised model for the braking distance of a
truck.

Model B: d (s) = 0.95s

2
− 3.92s

(e) Use Model B to calculate an estimate for the braking distance at a speed of
20 m s .−1
[2]

Markscheme

0.95 × 20
2
− 3.92 × 20 (M1)

= 302 (m) (301.6 …) A1

[2 marks]

The actual braking distance at 20 m s −1

is 320 m.

(f ) Calculate the percentage error in the estimate in part (e). [2]

Markscheme

301.6−320

320
× 100 M1

= 5.75 (%) A1

[2 marks]

(g) It is found that once a driver realizes the need to stop their vehicle, 1.6 seconds
will elapse, on average, before the brakes are engaged. During this reaction
time, the vehicle will continue to travel at its original speed.
 A truck approaches an intersection with speed s m s . The driver notices the
−1

intersection’s traffic lights are red and they must stop the vehicle within a
distance of 330 m.

Using model B and taking reaction time into account, calculate the maximum
possible speed of the truck if it is to stop before the intersection. [3]

Markscheme

330 = 1.6 × s + 0.95 × s

2
− 3.92 × s M1A1

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to find an expression including stopping distance (model
B) and reaction distance, equated to 330. Award A1 for a completely correct equation.

19.9 (m s
−1
) (19.8988 …) A1

[3 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 17] SPM.2.SL.TZ0.1
In this question, give all answers to two decimal places.

Bryan decides to purchase a new car with a price of €14 000, but cannot afford the full amount.
The car dealership offers two options to finance a loan.

Finance option A:

A 6 year loan at a nominal annual interest rate of 14 % compounded quarterly. No deposit

required and repayments are made each quarter.

(a.i) Find the repayment made each quarter. [3]

Markscheme

N = 24
I % = 14
PV = −14000
FV = 0
P/Y = 4
C/Y = 4 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology, award A1 for all
entries correct. Accept PV = 14000.

(€)871.82 A1

[3 marks]

(a.ii) Find the total amount paid for the car. [2]

Markscheme

4 × 6 × 871.82 (M1)

(€) 20923.68 A1

[2 marks]

(a.iii) Find the interest paid on the loan. [2]

 Markscheme

20923.68 − 14000 (M1)

(€) 6923.68 A1

[2 marks]

Finance option B:

A 6 year loan at a nominal annual interest rate of r % compounded monthly. Terms of the loan
require a 10 % deposit and monthly repayments of €250.

(b.i) Find the amount to be borrowed for this option. [2]

Markscheme

0.9 × 14000 (= 14000 − 0.10 × 14000) M1

(€) 12600.00 A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Find the annual interest rate, r. [3]

Markscheme

N = 72

PV = 12600

PMT = −250

FV = 0

P/Y = 12

C/Y = 12 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology, award A1 for all
entries correct. Accept PV = −12600 provided PMT = 250.

12.56(%) A1
 [3 marks]

(c) State which option Bryan should choose. Justify your answer. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

Bryan should choose Option A A1

no deposit is required R1

Note: Award R1 for stating that no deposit is required. Award A1 for the correct choice from
that fact. Do not award R0A1.

OR

Bryan should choose Option B A1

cost of Option A (6923.69) > cost of Option B (72 × 250 − 12600 = 5400) R1

Note: Award R1 for a correct comparison of costs. Award A1 for the correct choice from that
comparison. Do not award R0A1.

[2 marks]

(d) Bryan’s car depreciates at an annual rate of 25 % per year.

Find the value of Bryan’s car six years after it is purchased. [3]

Markscheme

6
14 000(1 −
25

100
) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for substitution into compound interest formula.

Award A1 for correct substitutions.

= (€)2491.70 A1

OR

N=6

I% = −25
PV = ±14 000

P/Y = 1

C/Y = 1 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award A1 for PV = ±14 000, M1 for other entries correct.

(€)2491.70 A1

[3 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 7] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.9
Sophia pays $200 into a bank account at the end of each month. The annual interest paid
on money in the account is 3. 1% which is compounded monthly.

(a) Find the value of her investment after a period of 5 years. [3]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to

aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

Number of time periods 12 × 5 = 60 (A1)

N = 60
I% = 3. 1
PV = 0
PMT = 200
P/Y = 12
C/Y = 12
Value ($)12, 961. 91 (M1)A1

[3 marks]

The average rate of inflation per year over the 5 years was 2%.

(b) Find an approximation for the real interest rate for the money invested in
the account. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

Real interest rate = 3. 1 − 2. 0 = 1. 1% (M1)A1

METHOD 2

1+0.031

1+0.02
= 1. 01078 … (M1)
 1. 08% (accept 1. 1%) A1

[2 marks]

(c) Hence find the real value of Sophia’s investment at the end of 5 years. [2]

Markscheme

N = 60
I% = 1. 1
PV = 0
PMT = 200
P/Y = 12
C/Y = 12
($)12, 300 (12, 330. 33 …) (M1)A1

Note: Award A1 for $12, 300 only.

[2 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 7] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.12
A disc is divided into 9 sectors, number 1 to 9. The angles at the centre of each of the sectors u
n

form an arithmetic sequence, with u being the largest angle.

1

(a) 9

Write down the value of Σ ui . [1]

i=1

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to

aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

360° A1

[1 mark]

It is given that u 9 =
1

3
u1 .

(b) Find the value of u . 1 [4]

Markscheme

EITHER

360 =
9

2
(u 1 + u 9 ) M1
 360 =
9

2
(u 1 +
1

3
u 1 ) = 6u 1 M1A1

OR

360 =
9
2
(2u 1 + 8d) M1

u9 =
1

3
u 1 = u 1 + 8d ⇒ u 1 = −12d M1

Substitute this value 360 A1

9 u1 9 4
= (2u 1 − 8 × ) (= × u 1 = 6u 1 )
2 12 2 3

THEN

u 1 = 60° A1

[4 marks]

(c) A game is played in which the arrow attached to the centre of the disc is spun
and the sector in which the arrow stops is noted. If the arrow stops in sector 1
the player wins 10 points, otherwise they lose 2 points.

Let X be the number of points won

Find E(X). [2]

Markscheme

E(X) = 10 ×
60

360
− 2 ×
300

360
= 0 M1A1

[2 marks]
10. [Maximum mark: 6] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.5
The pH of a solution is given by the formula pH = − log 10 C where C is the hydrogen

ion concentration in a solution, measured in moles per litre (Ml −1

).

(a) Find the pH value for a solution in which the hydrogen ion concentration is
5. 2 × 10
−8
. [2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to

aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

pH = − log 10 (5. 2 × 10
−8
) = 7. 29 (7. 28399 …) (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(b.i) Write an expression for C in terms of pH . [2]

Markscheme

C = 10
−pH
(M1)A1

Note: Award M1 for an exponential equation with 10 as the base.

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Find the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution with pH 4. 2. Give

your answer in the form a × 10k where 1 ≤ a < 10 and k is an integer. [2]

Markscheme

C = 10
−4.2
= 6. 30957 … × 10
−5
(M1)

6. 31 × 10
−5
A1
[2 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 7] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.6
The size of the population (P ) of migrating birds in a particular town can be
approximately modelled by the equation P = a sin(bt) + c, a, b, c ∈ R , where t is
+

measured in months from the time of the initial measurements.

In a 12 month period the maximum population is 2600 and occurs when t = 3 and
the minimum population is 800 and occurs when t = 9.

This information is shown on the graph below.

(a.i) Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to

aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be
minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

2600−800

2
= 900 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme
 360

12
= 30 (M1)A1

Note: Accept 2π
12
= 0. 524 (0. 523598 …) .

[2 marks]

(a.iii) Find the value of c. [1]

Markscheme

2600+800

2
= 1700 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the value of t at which the population first reaches 2200. [2]

Markscheme

Solve 900 sin(30t) + 1700 = 2200 (M1)

t = 1. 12 (1. 12496 …) A1

[2 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.SL.TZ0.1
Give your answers to this question correct to two decimal places.

Gen invests $2400 in a savings account that pays interest at a rate of 4% per year, compounded
annually. She leaves the money in her account for 10 years, and she does not invest or
withdraw any money during this time.

(a) Calculate the value of her savings after 10 years. [2]

Markscheme

M1A1
10
2400(1.04) = $3552.59

[2 marks]

(b) The rate of inflation during this 10 year period is 1.5% per year.

Calculate the real value of her savings after 10 years. [3]

Markscheme

real interest rate = 4 − 1.5 = 2.5% A1

M1A1
10
2400(1.025) = $3072.20

[3 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.SL.TZ0.6
Yejin plans to retire at age 60. She wants to create an annuity fund, which will pay her a
monthly allowance of $4000 during her retirement. She wants to save enough money so that
the payments last for 30 years. A financial advisor has told her that she can expect to earn 5%
interest on her funds, compounded annually.

(a) Calculate the amount Yejin needs to have saved into her annuity fund, in order
to meet her retirement goal. [3]

Markscheme

Use of finance solver M1

N = 360, I = 5%, Pmt = 4000, FV = 0, PpY = 12, CpY = 1 A1

$755000 (correct to 3 s.f.) A1

[3 marks]

(b) Yejin has just turned 28 years old. She currently has no retirement savings. She
wants to save part of her salary each month into her annuity fund.

Calculate the amount Yejin needs to save each month, to meet her retirement
goal. [3]

Markscheme

N = 384, I = 5%, PV = 0, FV = 754638, PpY = 12, CpY = 1 M1A1

$817 per month (correct to 3 s.f.) A1

[3 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 11] EXM.2.SL.TZ0.1
Paul wants to buy a car. He needs to take out a loan for $7000. The car salesman offers him a
loan with an interest rate of 8%, compounded annually. Paul considers two options to repay
the loan.

Option 1: Pay $200 each month, until the loan is fully repaid

Option 2: Make 24 equal monthly payments.

Use option 1 to calculate

(a.i) the number of months it will take for Paul to repay the loan. [3]

Markscheme

evidence of using Finance solver on GDC M1

N = 39.8 A1

It will take 40 months A1

[3 marks]

(a.ii) the total amount that Paul has to pay. [2]

Markscheme

40 × 200 = $8000 M1A1

[2 marks]

Use option 2 to calculate

(b.i) the amount Paul pays each month. [2]

Markscheme

Monthly payment = $316 ($315.70) M1A1

[2 marks]
(b.ii) the total amount that Paul has to pay. [2]

Markscheme

24 × 315.7 = $7580 ($7576.80) M1A1

[2 marks]

Give a reason why Paul might choose

(c.i) option 1. [1]

Markscheme

The monthly repayment is lower, he might not be able to afford $316 per month. R1

[1 mark]

(c.ii) option 2. [1]

Markscheme

the total amount to repay is lower. R1

[1 mark]
15. [Maximum mark: 15] EXM.2.SL.TZ0.2
Sophie is planning to buy a house. She needs to take out a mortgage for $120000. She is
considering two possible options.

Option 1: Repay the mortgage over 20 years, at an annual interest rate of 5%, compounded
annually.

Option 2: Pay $1000 every month, at an annual interest rate of 6%, compounded annually, until
the loan is fully repaid.

(a.i) Calculate the monthly repayment using option 1. [2]

Markscheme

evidence of using Finance solver on GDC M1

Monthly payment = $785 ($784.60) A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Calculate the total amount Sophie would pay, using option 1. [2]

Markscheme

240 × 785 = $188000 M1A1

[2 marks]

(b.i) Calculate the number of months it will take to repay the mortgage using
option 2. [3]

Markscheme

N = 180.7 M1A1

It will take 181 months A1

[3 marks]

(b.ii) Calculate the total amount Sophie would pay, using option 2. [2]
 Markscheme

181 × 1000 = $ 181000 M1A1

[2 marks]

Give a reason why Sophie might choose

(c.i) option 1. [1]

Markscheme

The monthly repayment is lower, she might not be able to afford $1000 per month. R1

[1 mark]

(c.ii) option 2. [1]

Markscheme

the total amount to repay is lower. R1

[1 mark]

Sophie decides to choose option 1. At the end of 10 years, the interest rate is changed to 7%,
compounded annually.

(d.i) Use your answer to part (a)(i) to calculate the amount remaining on her
mortgage after the first 10 years. [2]

Markscheme

$74400 (accept $74300) M1A1

[2 marks]

(d.ii) Hence calculate her monthly repayment for the final 10 years. [2]

Markscheme
Use of finance solver with N =120, PV = $74400, I = 7% A1

$855 (accept $854 − $856) A1

[2 marks]
16. [Maximum mark: 13] EXM.2.SL.TZ0.3
Urvashi wants to model the height of a moving object. She collects the following data showing
the height, h metres, of the object at time t seconds.

She believes the height can be modeled by a quadratic function, h (t) = at

2
, where
+ bt + c

a, b, c ∈ R.

(a) Show that 4a + 2b + c = 34 . [1]

Markscheme

t = 2, h = 34 ⇒ 34 = a2
2
+ 2b + c M1

⇒ 34 = 4a + 2b + c AG

[1 mark]

(b) Write down two more equations for a, b and c. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute either (5, 38) or (7, 24) M1

25a + 5b + c = 38 A1

49a + 7b + c = 24 A1

[3 marks]

(c) Solve this system of three equations to find the value of a, b and c. [4]

Markscheme

a = −
5

3
, b = 13, c =
44

3
M1A1A1A1

[3 marks]

Hence find
(d.i) when the height of the object is zero. [3]

Markscheme

−
5

3
t
2
+ 13t +
44

3
= 0 M1

t = 8.8 seconds M1A1

[3 marks]

(d.ii) the maximum height of the object. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find maximum height, e.g. sketch of graph M1

h = 40.0 metres A1

[2 marks]
17. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.3
On 1 January 2022, Mina deposited $1000 into a bank account with an annual interest rate of
4%, compounded monthly. At the end of January, and the end of every month after that, she

deposits $100 into the same account.

(a) Calculate the amount of money in her account at the start of 2024. Give your
answer to two decimal places. [3]

Markscheme

N = 24

I = 4

P V = ±1000

P M T = ±100

P / Y = 12

C / Y = 12 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology (i.e. at least three
entries seen, but not necessarily correct).

Approaches that use the compound interest formula receive no marks.

Award A1 for correct values of P V and P M T (signs must be the same) and a correct value
of N.

F V = ($)3577. 43 A1

Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)A0 if the final answer is negative or not rounded to 2 dp.

[3 marks]
(b) Find how many complete months, counted from 1 January 2022, it will take for
Mina to have more than $5000 in her account. [2]

Markscheme

N = 36. 5 (36. 4689. . . ) (A1)

N = 37 (months) A1

Note: Allow FT from incorrect GDC inputs seen in part (a) for the first A1 providing that P V
and F V have opposite signs and the resulting value of N is positive.

[2 marks]
18. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.6
When the brakes of a car are fully applied the car will continue to travel some distance before it
completely stops. This stopping distance, d, in metres is directly proportional to the square of
the speed of the car, v, in kilometres per hour (km h ). −1

When a car is travelling at a speed of 50 km h −1

it will travel 12. 3 m after the brakes are fully
applied before it completely stops.

(a) Determine an equation for d in terms of v. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to set up a direct variation equation that includes a constant, k, or the calculation
of a constant using 12. 3 and 50 (M1)

e.g., d = kv
2
OR 12. 3 = k × 50
2

1
(k =) 0. 00492 ( )
203.252…

d = 0. 00492v
2
OR d =
v

203
A1

[2 marks]

The police can use this equation to estimate if cars are exceeding the speed limit.

A car is found to have travelled 33 m, after fully applying its brakes, before it completely
stopped.

(b) Use your equation from part (a) to estimate the speed at which this car was
travelling before the brakes were applied. [2]

Markscheme

substituting 33 for d in their part (a) (A1)

2

33 = 0. 00492 × v
2
OR 33 =
v

203.252…
 (v =) 81. 9 (km h
−1
) (81. 8982 … (km h
−1
)) A1

[2 marks]

(c) After the brakes have been fully applied, identify one other variable besides
speed that could affect stopping distance. [1]

Markscheme

Award R1 for a reasonable variable that exists after the brakes are applied such as:

road material gradient/incline of road

weather conditions traction
condition/type of brakes wind resistance
weight/type of vehicle friction

R1

Note: Do not accept a variable that refers to the timing of the brakes being applied such
as:

slow reaction time

inexperienced driver

[1 mark]
19. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.8
“Password entropy” is a measure of the predictability of a computer password. The higher the
entropy, the more difficult it is to guess the password.

The relationship between the password entropy, p, (measured in bits) and the number of
guesses, G, required to decode the password is given by 0. 301p = log G. 10

(a) Calculate the value of p for a password that takes 5000 guesses to decode. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 5000 for G (M1)

0. 301p = log 10 5000

(p =) 12. 3 (bits) (12. 2889 …) A1

[2 marks]

(b) Write down G as a function of p. [1]

Markscheme

(G =)10
0.301p
OR 2
p
A1

[1 mark]

(c) Find the number of guesses required to decode a password that has an
entropy of 28 bits. Write your answer in the form a × 10 , where 1
k
≤ a < 10 ,
k ∈ Z . [3]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 28 for p in given equation or G(p) (M1)

0. 301 × 28 = log 10 G OR (G =) 10
0.301×28

(G =) 2. 68 × 10
8
(2. 67916 … × 10 )
8
A1A1
 Note: Award A1 for 2. 68, A1 for 10 . Award M1A1A0 for a correct final answer not written in
8

scientific notation or written incorrectly in scientific notation (e.g., 268 000 000 or
26. 8 × 10
7
or 2. 68E08).

[3 marks]

There is a point on the graph of the function G(p) with coordinates (0, 1).

(d) Explain what these coordinate values mean in the context of computer
passwords. [1]

Markscheme

If a password has an entropy of 0 (bits), then the password can be guessed in one try /
then the password is known R1

Note: Reference must be made to both entropy and number of guesses/password known
for R1 to be awarded.

Do not accept "no password" as this contradicts the context.

[1 mark]
20. [Maximum mark: 8] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.9
The cross section of a scale model of a hill is modelled by the following graph.

The heights of the model are measured at horizontal intervals and are given in the table.

Horizontal distance, x cm 0 10 20 30 40

Vertical distance, y cm 0 3 8 9 0

(a) Use the trapezoidal rule with h = 10 to find an approximation for the cross-
sectional area of the model. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute h = 10 and at least two different values of γ into the trapezoidal
rule (M1)

10
((0 + 0) + 2(3 + 8 + 9))
2

= 200 (cm )
2
A1

[2 marks]

It is given that the equation of the curve is y = 0. 04x

2 3
− 0. 001x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 40 .

(b.i) Write down an integral to find the exact cross-sectional area. [2]

Markscheme

OR ∫ A1A1
40 2 3 40
∫ 0. 04x − 0. 001x d x ydx
0 0
 Note: Award A1 for a correct integral (including d x), A1 for correct limits in the correct
location.

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Calculate the value of the cross-sectional area to two decimal places. [2]

Markscheme

213. 33 (cm )
2
A2

Note: Answer must be given to 2 decimal places to award A2. Award A1A0 for a correct
answer given to an incorrect accuracy of at least 3 significant figures, e.g. 213 (cm ).
2

[2 marks]

(c) Find the percentage error in the area found using the trapezoidal rule. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute their parts (a) and (b)(ii) into percentage error formula (M1)

213.333…−200
× 100
213.333…

= 6. 25(%) (6. 23999 … (%)) A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 for a final answer of −6. 25(%) or 0. 0625.

[2 marks]
21. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.10
In a baseball game, Sakura is the batter standing beside home plate. The ball is thrown towards
home plate along a path that can be modelled by the following function.

y = −0. 045x + 2

In this model, x is the horizontal distance of the ball from the point the ball is thrown and y is
the vertical height of the ball above the ground. Both measured in metres.

The outcome of the throw is called a strike if the height of the ball is between 0. 53 m and
1. 24 m at some point while it travels over home plate. The length of home plate is 0. 43 m.

diagram not to scale

When the ball reaches the front of home plate, the height of the ball above the ground is
1. 25 m. The height of the ball changes by a metres as the ball travels over the length of home

plate.

(a.i) Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to find change in height of the ball using gradient (M1)

a
= (−)0. 045
0.43

a = (−)0. 045 × 0. 43

a = (−)0. 0194 (m) (0. 01935 (m)) A1

 METHOD 2

attempt to find height at back of home plate (M1)

horizontal distance to the front of the home plate = 16. 6666 … (m)

height at the back of the home plate = 0. 045 (16. 6666 … + 0. 43) + 2

(= 1. 23065 (m))

Note: The M1 can be awarded for 16. 6666 … + 0. 43 seen at some point.

(a = 1. 25 − 1. 23065 …)

(a =) (−)0. 0194 (m) (0. 01935 (m)) A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Justify why this throw is a strike. [2]

Markscheme

1. 25 − 0. 01935 = 1. 23065 (may be seen in part (a)(i)) A1

0. 53 < 1. 23065 < 1. 24 R1

therefore a strike AG

Note: Do not award A0R1.

[2 marks]

On the next throw, Sakura hits the ball towards a wall that is 5 metres high. The horizontal
distance of the wall from the point where the ball was hit is 96 metres. The path of the ball after
it is hit can be modelled by the function h(d).

h(d) = −0. 01d

2
+ 1. 04d + 0. 66 , for h, d > 0

In this model, h is the height of the ball above the ground and d is the horizontal distance of
the ball from the point where it was hit. Both h and d are measured in metres.
(b) Determine whether the ball will go over the wall. Justify your answer. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

indication of d = 96 in the function h(d) or its graph (M1)

EITHER

2
(h(96) =) − 0. 01(96) + 1. 04(96) + 0. 66

OR

THEN

(h(96) =) 8. 34 (m) A1

8. 34 > 5 so the ball will go over the wall. A1

METHOD 2

indication of h = 5 in the function h(d) or its graph (M1)

EITHER

2
5 = −0. 01d + 1. 04d + 0. 66
OR

THEN

(
d = 99. 6 (m) 99. 6445 … (m) ) (d = 4. 35548 … (m) may also be seen) A1

96 < 99. 6445 … so the ball will go over the wall. A1

[3 marks]
22.

∣
[Maximum mark: 5]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute into percentage error formula

53632000−55625000

[2 marks]
55625000

3. 58 (%) (3. 58292 … (%))

× 100

A1

Zaha’s design is used to build five identical bridges.

(b.i)

[1 mark]

(b.ii)
(M1)

Note: Award (M1)A0 for a final answer of −3. 58(%) or 0. 0358.

Find the weight of the steel needed for these five bridges, to three significant
figures.

Markscheme

278 000 000 A1

Write down your answer to part (b)(i) in the form a × 10 , where 1

k ∈ Z

Markscheme
.
k
≤ a ≤ 10
23M.1.SL.TZ2.1
Zaha is designing a bridge to cross a river. She believes that the weight of the steel needed for
this bridge is approximately 53 632 000 kg.

The exact weight of the steel needed for the bridge is 55 625 000 kg.

(a) Find the percentage error in Zaha’s approximation.

,
[2]

[1]

[2]
2. 78 × 10
8
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct mantissa, consistent with their answer in part (b)(i).

Award A1 for a correct exponent, consistent with their answer in part (b)(i).

Award A0A0 for answers such as 27. 8 × 10 . 7

[3 marks]
23. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.2
Angel has $520 in his savings account. Angel considers investing the money for 5 years with a
bank. The bank offers an annual interest rate of 1. 2% compounded quarterly.

(a) Calculate the amount of money Angel would have at the end of 5 years with
the bank. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 (use of financial app in GDC)

N = 5 N = 20

I % = 1. 2 I % = 1. 2

P V = ±520 OR P V = ±520

P /Y = 1 P /Y = 4

C/Y = 4 C/Y = 4

(M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for evidence of using the financial app on the calculator, A1 for all correct
entries.

($) 552. 11 A1

Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)A0 if correct answer is not given to two decimal places.

METHOD 2 (use of formula)

attempt to substitute into compound interest formula (M1)

5×4
520 × (1 +
1.2

100×4
) (A1)

($) 552. 11 A1

Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)A0 if correct answer is not given to two decimal places.
 [3 marks]

Instead of investing the money, Angel decides to buy a phone that costs $520. At the end of 5
years, the phone will have a value of $30. It may be assumed that the depreciation rate per year
is constant.

(b) Calculate the annual depreciation rate of the phone. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

N = 5

I % = 43. 5 (43. 4772 … (%))

P V = ±520

F V = ∓30 (M1)(A1)A1

Note: Award M1 for evidence of using the finance app on the calculator, A1 for all correct
entries, A1 for correct final answer. Condone missing -/+ sign if the correct final answer is
seen.

OR

5
3 = 520(1 −
r

100
) (or equivalent) (M1)(A1)

(r =) 43. 5% (43. 477 … %) A1

Note: Award M1 for using the compound interest formula, A1 for correct substitutions and
for equating to 30, A1 for correct final answer. Accept (r =) − 43. 5%.

Award M1A1A0 for a final answer of 56. 5%.

[3 marks]
24. [Maximum mark: 8] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.10
A player throws a basketball. The height of the basketball is modelled by

h(t) = −4. 75t

2
+ 8. 75t + 1. 5, t ≥ 0 ,

where h is the height of the basketball above the ground, in metres, and t is the time, in
seconds, after it was thrown.

(a) Find how long it takes for the basketball to reach its maximum height. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

correct sketch with some indication of maximum point (M1)

0. 921 (seconds) (0. 921052 … ,

35

38
) A1

METHOD 2

correct substitution into equation for line of symmetry (M1)

8.75
(t =) −
2×−4.75

0. 921 (seconds) (0. 921052 … ,

35

38
) A1

METHOD 3

equating the correct derivative to 0 (M1)

−9. 5t + 8. 75 = 0
 0. 921 (seconds) (0. 921052 … ,
35

38
) A1

Note: Award M1A0 for a final answer of 0. 92 seen with no working.

[2 marks]

(b) Assuming that no player catches the basketball, find how long it would take
for the basketball to hit the ground. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

correct sketch with some indication of x-intercept

(M1)

Note: May be seen in part (a).

2 (seconds) A1

METHOD 2

setting the equation to zero (M1)

2
−4. 75t + 8. 75t + 1. 5 = 0
 2 (seconds) A1

Note: If both roots are given, with or without working, award (M1)A0.

[2 marks]

Another player catches the basketball when it is at a height of 1. 2 metres.

(c) Find the value of t when this player catches the basketball. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

correct sketch of quadratic function and a straight line in approximate correct position
(M1)

1. 88 (seconds) (1. 87577 … (seconds)) A1

METHOD 2

setting the equation equal to 1.2 (M1)

2
−4. 75t + 8. 75t + 1. 5 = 1. 2

1. 88 (seconds) (1. 87577 … (seconds)) A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 if −0. 0336702 … seen as (part of ) a final answer.

 Award M1A0 for answer of 1. 9 seen without working.

[2 marks]

(d) Write down two limitations of using h(t) to model the height of the
basketball. [2]

Markscheme

Award R1 for a sensible reason in the context of the question: R1R1

e.g.

The model ignores air resistance (or wind)

The model treats the ball as a point

The model assumes gravity is constant

The model assumes that the ball continues to follow the trajectory even after hitting the
ground

This model ignores the bouncing back of the ball after hitting the ground

Note: Do not accept generic criticisms of any mathematical model, such as:
There are assumptions being made
Models are never accurate / It is only a model

[2 marks]
25. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.11
Consider f (x) = 3x
2
−
5

x
, x ≠ 0 . The graph of f for 0 < x ≤ 5 is shown on the following
axes.

(a.i) Sketch the graph of f , for −5 ≤ x < 0 , on the same axes. [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1
 Note: Award A1 for correct shape (curve must be smooth) in the second quadrant only, A1
for asymptotic behaviour, A1 for minimum point in approximately correct position AND
left-most point around (−5, 76) (allow a tolerance of half a square for these two points).

[3 marks]

(a.ii) Write down the x-coordinate of the local minimum point. [1]

Markscheme

−0. 941 (−0. 941035 …) A1

[1 mark]

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to find the solutions to the equation
f (x) = 20. [2]

Markscheme

−2. 45 (−2. 44651 …), − 0. 252 (−0. 252412), 2. 70 (2. 69892 …) A2

Note: Award A2 for all three correct, A1 for two correct and A0 otherwise.

Award at most A1 if additional solutions are seen.

Award A1A0 for a final answer given as coordinates (−2. 45, ,

20) (−0. 252, 20) ,
(2. 70, 20) or (2. 7, 20).

Award A1A0 for three correct answers given in 2 sf.

[2 marks]

(c) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote for the graph of f . [1]
Markscheme

x = 0 A1

[1 mark]
26. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.3
The depth of water, w metres, in a particular harbour can be modelled by the function
w(t) = a cos (bt°) + d where t is the length of time, in minutes, after 06 : 00.

On 20 January, the first high tide occurs at 06 : 00, at which time the depth of water is 18 m. The
following low tide occurs at 12 : 15 when the depth of water is 4 m. This is shown in the
diagram.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

18−4

2
(M1)

(a =) 7 A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the value of d. [2]

Markscheme

18+4

2
OR 18 − 7 OR 4 + 7 (M1)

(d =) 11 A1
 [2 marks]

(c) Find the period of the function in minutes. [3]

Markscheme

(time between high and low tide is) 6h15m OR 375 minutes (A1)

multiplying by 2 (M1)

750 minutes A1

[3 marks]

(d) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

360°

b
= 750 (A1)

OR

7 cos(b × 375) + 11 = 4 (A1)

THEN

(b =) 0. 48 A1

Note: Award A1A0 for an answer of 2π

750
(=
π

375
= 0. 00837758 …) .

[2 marks]

Naomi is sailing to the harbour on the morning of 20 January. Boats can enter or leave the
harbour only when the depth of water is at least 6 m.
(e) Find the latest time before 12 : 00 , to the nearest minute, that Naomi can
enter the harbour. [4]

Markscheme

equating their cos function to 6 OR graphing their cos function and 6 (M1)

7 cos(0. 48t) + 11 = 6

⇒ t = 282. 468 … (minutes) (A1)

= 4. 70780 … (hr) OR 4hr 42 mins (4hr 42. 4681 … mins) (A1)

so the time is 10 : 42 A1

[4 marks]

(f ) Find the length of time (in minutes) between 06 : 00 and 15 : 00 on 20

January during which Naomi cannot enter or leave the harbour. [2]

Markscheme

next solution is t = 467. 531. . . (A1)

467. 531. . . − 282. 468. . .

185 (mins) (185. 063. . . ) A1

Note: Accept an (unsupported) answer of 186 (from correct 3 sf values for t)

[2 marks]
27. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ2.3
A scientist is conducting an experiment on the growth of a certain species of bacteria.

The population of the bacteria, P , can be modelled by the function

P (t) = 1200 × k
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since the experiment began, and k is a positive constant.

(a.i) Write down the value of P (0). [1]

Markscheme

1200 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Interpret what this value means in this context. [1]

Markscheme

the initial population of the bacteria A1

[1 mark]

3 hours after the experiment began, the population of the bacteria is 18 750.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × k
3
= 18750 (A1)

(k =) 2. 5 A1
 [2 marks]

(c) Find the population of the bacteria 1 hour and 30 minutes after the
experiment began. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × 2. 5
1.5
(A1)

4740 (4743. 41 …) A1

Note: Do not penalize if final answer is not given as an integer. Award (A1)A0 for an answer
of 3950 (3949. 14 …) from use of 1. 3 in the exponent, but only if working is shown.

[2 marks]

The scientist conducts a second experiment with a different species of bacteria.

The population of this bacteria, S , can be modelled by the function

S(t) = 5000 × 1. 65
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since both experiments began.

(d) Find the value of t when the two populations of bacteria are equal. [2]

Markscheme

equating P (t) and S(t) OR equating each function to a common variable (M1)

1200 × 2. 5
t
= 5000 × 1. 65
t
; 1200 × 2. 5 t
= x and 5000 × 1. 65 t
= x

t = 3. 43 (hours) (3. 43456 …) A1

[2 marks]
It takes 2 hours and m minutes for the number of bacteria in the second experiment to reach
19 000.

(e) Find the value of m, giving your answer as an integer value. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

5000 × 1. 65
t
= 19000 (M1)

(t =) 2. 66586 … OR (t − 2 =) 0. 66586 … (seen) (A1)

multiplying by 60 seen to convert to minutes (M1)

(m = 39. 9521 …)

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

METHOD 2

equating an expression for S(t) to 19000 (M1)

expressing t as 2 + m

60
(A1)
m
2+
5000 × 1. 65 60
= 19000

2 +
m

60
= 2. 66586 … A1

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

Note: Award (M1)(A1)(M1)A0 for an answer of 39. 9521 … or 39 with or without working.

[4 marks]

The bacteria in the second experiment are growing inside a container. The scientist models the
volume of each bacterium in the second experiment to be 1 × 10 −18
m
3
, and the available
volume inside the container is 2. 1 × 10 m . −5 3
(f ) Determine how long it would take for the bacteria to fill the container. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER (find volume of all bacteria)

multiplying total population of bacteria by the volume of bacterium (M1)

−18 t
1 × 10 × (5000 × 1. 65 )

setting expression equal to 2. 1 × 10 −5

and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

OR (find total number of bacteria to fill container)

attempting to find the total number of bacteria to fill container (M1)

−5

2. 1 × 10
−5
= n × 1 × 10
−18
OR 2.1×10
−18
OR 2. 1 × 10
13

1×10

setting value equal to S(t) and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

−5

Note: If 2.1×10

1×10
−18
is seen but candidate has an incorrect total number of bacteria, the
second (M1) can still be awarded for setting their incorrect value equal to S(t) and
attempting to solve.

THEN

t = 44. 2 (hours) (44. 2480 …) A1

[3 marks]
28. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ2.2
Daina makes pendulums to sell at a market. She plans to make 10 pendulums on the first day
and, on each subsequent day, make 6 more than she did the day before.

(a) Calculate the number of pendulums she would make on the 12 th day. [3]

Markscheme

recognizing arithmetic sequence (may be seen in part (b)) (M1)

(u 12 =) 10 + (12 − 1) × 6 (A1)

76 A1

[3 marks]

She plans to make pendulums for a total of 15 days in preparation for going to the market.

(b) Calculate the total number of pendulums she would have available at the
market. [2]

Markscheme

correct substitution into either arithmetic series formula (A1)

(S 15 =)
15

2
(2 × 10 + (15 − 1) × 6) OR (S 15 =)
15

2
(10 + 94)

780 A1

[2 marks]

Daina would like to have at least 1000 pendulums available to sell at the market and therefore
decides to increase her production. She still plans to make 10 pendulums on the first day, but
on each subsequent day, she will make x more than she did the day before.

(c) Given that she will still make pendulums for a total of 15 days, calculate the
minimum integer value of x required for her to reach her target. [3]
 Markscheme

attempt to use either arithmetic series formula equated to 1000 (M1)

15
2
(2 × 10 + (15 − 1) × x) = 1000 OR 15
2
(10 + u 15 ) = 1000

x = 8. 09523 … (A1)

x = 9 A1

Note: Follow through within question part for final A1 for candidates correctly rounding
their value of x up to the nearest integer. Award (M0)(A0)A0 for a response of x = 8 with no
working shown.

[3 marks]

Daina tests one of her pendulums. She releases the ball at the end of the pendulum to swing
freely. The point at which she releases it is shown as the initial position on the left side of the
following diagram. Daina begins recording the distances travelled by the ball after it has
reached the extreme position, represented by the right-hand side of the diagram.

diagram not to scale

On each successive swing, the distance that the ball travelled was 95% of its previous distance.
During the first swing that Daina recorded, the ball travelled a distance of 17. 1 cm. During the
second swing that she recorded, it travelled a distance of 16. 245 cm.
(d) Calculate the distance that the ball travelled during the 5 th recorded swing. [3]

Markscheme

recognizing geometric sequence (may be seen in part (e)) (M1)

17. 1 × 0. 95
5−1
(A1)

13. 9 (cm) (13. 9280 …) A1

[3 marks]

(e) Calculate the total distance that the ball travelled during the first 16 recorded
swings. [2]

Markscheme

correct substitution into geometric series formula (A1)

16
17.1(1−0.95 )

1−0.95

191 (cm) (191. 476 … (cm)) A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Calculate the distance that the ball travelled before Daina started recording. [2]

Markscheme

correct method to find u 0 (M1)

u 0 = 17. 1 × (0. 95)

0−1
OR 17. 1 = 0. 95x OR 17.1

0.95
(seen)

Note: Award (M0)A0 for any attempt to find answer using 0. 05 or 1. 05.
18 (cm) A1

[2 marks]
29. [Maximum mark: 16] 23M.2.SL.TZ2.5
A particular park consists of a rectangular garden, of area A m , and a concrete path
2

surrounding it. The park has a total area of 1200 m . 2

The width of the path at the north and south side of the park is 2 m.

The width of the path at the west and east side of the park is 1. 5 m.

The length of the park (along the north and south sides) is x metres, 3 < x < 300 .

diagram not to scale

(a.i) Write down the length of the garden in terms of x. [1]

Markscheme

x − 3 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Find an expression for the width of the garden in terms of x. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use 1200 to find width of park in terms of only x (M1)

1200

x
(seen) OR 1200 = x× park width OR 1200 = x× (garden width+4)
 1200

x
− 4 A1

[2 marks]

(a.iii) Hence show that A = 1212 − 4x −

3600

x
. [2]

Markscheme

A = (x − 3) × (
1200

x
− 4) A1

= 1200 − 4x −
3600

x
+ 12 A1

Note: Award first A1FT for multiplying their garden length and width and second A1 for a
simplified (parentheses removed) expression for A that leads to the given answer. The
given answer must be shown for the second A1 mark to be awarded

= 1212 − 4x −
3600

x
AG

[2 marks]

(b) Find the possible dimensions of the park if the area of the garden is 800 m .
2
[4]

Markscheme

setting 1212 − 4x − 3600

x
= 800 (accept a sketch) (M1)

x = 9. 64 (9. 64011 …) (m) OR x = 9. 34 (93. 3598 …) (m) A1

(width =) 124 (124. 479 …) (m) A1

(width =) 12. 9 (12. 8534 …) (m) A1

Note: To award the final A1 both values of x and both values of the width must be seen.
Accept 12. 8 for second value of width from candidate dividing 1200 by 3 sf value of 93. 4
 .

[4 marks]

(c) Find an expression for dA

dx
. [3]

Markscheme

(
dA

dx
=) − 4 +
3600

x2
OR −4 + 3600x
−2
A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for −4, A1 for +3600, and A1 for x −2

or x in denominator.
2

[3 marks]

(d) Use your answer from part (c) to find the value of x that will maximize the area
of the garden. [2]

Markscheme

setting their dA

dx
equal to 0 OR sketch of their dA

dx
with x-intercept highlighted M1

(x =) 30 (m) A1

Note: To award A1FT the candidate’s value of x must be within the domain given in the
problem (3 < x < 300).

[2 marks]

(e) Find the maximum possible area of the garden. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER
evidence of using GDC to find maximum of graph of A = 1212 − 4x −
3600

x
(M1)

OR

substitution of their x into A (M1)

OR

dividing 1200 by their x to find width of park and subtracting 3 from their x and 4 from the
width to find park dimensions (M1)

Note: For the last two methods, only follow through if 3 < their x < 300 .

THEN

(A =) 972 (m )
2
A1

[2 marks]
30. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ2.3
A scientist is conducting an experiment on the growth of a certain species of bacteria.

The population of the bacteria, P , can be modelled by the function

P (t) = 1200 × k
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since the experiment began, and k is a positive constant.

(a.i) Write down the value of P (0). [1]

Markscheme

1200 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Interpret what this value means in this context. [1]

Markscheme

the initial population of the bacteria A1

[1 mark]

3 hours after the experiment began, the population of the bacteria is 18 750.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × k
3
= 18750 (A1)

(k =) 2. 5 A1
 [2 marks]

(c) Find the population of the bacteria 1 hour and 30 minutes after the
experiment began. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × 2. 5
1.5
(A1)

4740 (4743. 41 …) A1

Note: Do not penalize if final answer is not given as an integer. Award (A1)A0 for an answer
of 3950 (3949. 14 …) from use of 1. 3 in the exponent, but only if working is shown.

[2 marks]

The scientist conducts a second experiment with a different species of bacteria.

The population of this bacteria, S , can be modelled by the function

S(t) = 5000 × 1. 65
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since both experiments began.

(d) Find the value of t when the two populations of bacteria are equal. [2]

Markscheme

equating P (t) and S(t) OR equating each function to a common variable (M1)

1200 × 2. 5
t
= 5000 × 1. 65
t
; 1200 × 2. 5 t
= x and 5000 × 1. 65 t
= x

t = 3. 43 (hours) (3. 43456 …) A1

[2 marks]
It takes 2 hours and m minutes for the number of bacteria in the second experiment to reach
19 000.

(e) Find the value of m, giving your answer as an integer value. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

5000 × 1. 65
t
= 19000 (M1)

(t =) 2. 66586 … OR (t − 2 =) 0. 66586 … (seen) (A1)

multiplying by 60 seen to convert to minutes (M1)

(m = 39. 9521 …)

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

METHOD 2

equating an expression for S(t) to 19000 (M1)

expressing t as 2 + m

60
(A1)
m
2+
5000 × 1. 65 60
= 19000

2 +
m

60
= 2. 66586 … A1

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

Note: Award (M1)(A1)(M1)A0 for an answer of 39. 9521 … or 39 with or without working.

[4 marks]

The bacteria in the second experiment are growing inside a container. The scientist models the
volume of each bacterium in the second experiment to be 1 × 10 −18
m
3
, and the available
volume inside the container is 2. 1 × 10 m . −5 3
(f ) Determine how long it would take for the bacteria to fill the container. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER (find volume of all bacteria)

multiplying total population of bacteria by the volume of bacterium (M1)

−18 t
1 × 10 × (5000 × 1. 65 )

setting expression equal to 2. 1 × 10 −5

and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

OR (find total number of bacteria to fill container)

attempting to find the total number of bacteria to fill container (M1)

−5

2. 1 × 10
−5
= n × 1 × 10
−18
OR 2.1×10
−18
OR 2. 1 × 10
13

1×10

setting value equal to S(t) and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

−5

Note: If 2.1×10

1×10
−18
is seen but candidate has an incorrect total number of bacteria, the
second (M1) can still be awarded for setting their incorrect value equal to S(t) and
attempting to solve.

THEN

t = 44. 2 (hours) (44. 2480 …) A1

[3 marks]
31. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.7
On 1 December 2022, Laviola invests 800 euros (EUR) into a savings account which pays a
nominal annual interest rate of 7. 5% compounded monthly. At the end of each month, Laviola
deposits an additional EUR 500 into the savings account.

At the end of k months, Laviola will have saved enough money to withdraw EUR 10 000.

(a) Find the smallest possible value of k, for k ∈ Z

+
. [4]

Markscheme

I % = 7. 5

P V = ∓800

P M T = ∓500

F V = ±10 000

P /Y = 12

C/Y = 12 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to use a financial app in their technology (e.g. at least four
rows seen, but not necessarily correct), award A1 for PMT = −500 or PMT = 500, with
same sign to PV and opposite sign to FV.

17. 3070 … (A1)

(k =)18 A1

Note: Award (M0)(A0)(A0)A0 for a final answer of 17 with no working. The final answer must
be an integer.

[4 marks]

(b) For this value of k, find the interest earned in the savings account.

Express your answer correct to the nearest EUR. [3]

Markscheme
10389 − (18 × 500 + 800) OR 10389 − (9800) (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for 10389 (10389. 38 …) seen. Award (M1) for subtraction of their
(18 × 500 + 800) from FV. FT from their value of k. Award A0M1A0 for

10 000 − (18 × 500 + 800). Do not award the final A1FT if their answer is negative.

589 EUR A1

Note: Final answer must be to the nearest euro.

[3 marks]
32. [Maximum mark: 6] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.5
Celeste heated a cup of coffee and then let it cool to room temperature. Celeste found
the coffee’s temperature, T , measured in °C, could be modelled by the following function,

T (t) = 71e
−0.0514t
+ 23, t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the time, in minutes, after the coffee started to cool.

(a) Find the coffee’s temperature 16 minutes after it started to cool. [2]

Markscheme

71e
−0.0514(16)
+ 23 (M1)

54. 2 °C (54. 1956 …) A1

[2 marks]

The graph of T has a horizontal asymptote.

(b) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

T = 23 A1

Note: Condone y = 23 .

[1 mark]

(c) Write down the room temperature. [1]

Markscheme

23 °C A1
 [1 mark]

(d) Given that T −1

(50) = k , find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

50 = 71e
−0.0514(k)
+ 23 (M1)

k = 18. 8 (
−5000

257
ln(
27

71
), 18. 8101 …) A1

Note: Award M1 for a sketch showing a point of intersection between the exponential
function and y = 50.

[2 marks]
33. [Maximum mark: 6] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.12
A cat runs inside a circular exercise wheel, making the wheel spin at a constant rate in
an anticlockwise direction. The height, h cm, of a fixed point, P, on the wheel can be
modelled by h(t) = a sin(bt) + c where t is the time in seconds and a, b, c ∈ R . +

When t = 0 , point P is at a height of 78 cm.

(a) Write down the value of c. [1]

Markscheme

78 A1

[1 mark]

When t = 4 , point P first reaches its maximum height of 143 cm.

(b.i) Find the value of a. [1]

Markscheme

65 A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme
 EITHER

(period =) 16 (could be seen on sketch) (M1)

π
OR
2 360°
b = b =
16 16

π
(b =) 0. 393 (0. 392699 … ,
8
) OR (b =) 22. 5° A1

OR

143 = 65 sin(4b) + 78 (M1)

(sin(4b) = 1 )

π
(4b =
2
OR 4b = 90° )

π
(b =) 0. 393 (0. 392699 … ,
8
) OR (b =) 22. 5° A1

[2 marks]

(c) Write down the minimum height of point P. [1]

Markscheme

13 A1

Note: Apply follow through marking only if their final answer is positive.

[1 mark]

Later, the cat is tired, and it takes twice as long for point P to complete one revolution at a new
constant rate.

(d) Write down the new value of b. [1]

Markscheme
 π
(b =) 0. 196 (0. 196349 … ,
16
) OR (b =) 11. 3° (11. 25°) A1

[1 mark]
34. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.2
In the first month of a reforestation program, the town of Neerim plants 85 trees. Each
subsequent month the number of trees planted will increase by an additional 30 trees.

The number of trees to be planted in each of the first three months are shown in the following
table.

(a) Find the number of trees to be planted in the 15th month. [3]

Markscheme

use of the n th
term of an arithmetic sequence formula (M1)

u 15 = 85 + (15 − 1) × 30 (A1)

505 A1

[3 marks]

(b) Find the total number of trees to be planted in the first 15 months. [2]

Markscheme

use of the sum of n terms of an arithmetic sequence formula (M1)

S 15 =
15

2
(85 + 505) OR 15

2
(2 × 85 + (15 − 1) × 30)

4430 (4425) A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the mean number of trees planted per month during the first 15 months. [2]
Markscheme

4425

15
OR 85 + (8 − 1) × 30 (M1)

295 A1

Note: Accept 295. 333 … from use of 3sf value from part (b).

[2 marks]
35. [Maximum mark: 5] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.3
DeVaughn throws a javelin in a school track and field competition.

The height, h, of the front tip of the javelin above the ground, in metres, is modelled by
the following quadratic function,

2
h(t) = −3. 6t + 10. 8t + 1. 8, t ≥ 0

where t is the time in seconds after the javelin is thrown.

(a) Write down the height of the front tip of the javelin at the time it is thrown. [1]

Markscheme

1. 8 (m) A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the value of t when the front tip of the javelin reaches its maximum
height. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

−10.8

2(−3.6)
(M1)

OR
 −7. 2(t) + 10. 8 = 0 (M1)

THEN

(t =) 1. 5 seconds A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 for (1. 5, 9. 9) seen.

[2 marks]

(c) Find the value of t when the front tip of the javelin strikes the ground. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

0 = −3. 6t
2
+ 10. 8t + 1. 8 (M1)

OR

sketch indicating a root (M1)

THEN

(t =) 3. 16 seconds (3. 15831 …) A1

Note: Award at most (M1)A0 if −0. 158 (−0. 158312 …) is part of the final answer unless
clearly rejected.

[2 marks]
36. [Maximum mark: 6] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.10
Stars are classified by their brightness. The brightest stars in the sky have a magnitude of 1. The
magnitude, m, of another star can be modelled as a function of its brightness, b, relative to a
star of magnitude 1, as shown by the following equation.

m = 1 − 2. 5 log 10 (b)

The star called Acubens has a brightness of 0. 0525.

(a) Find the magnitude of Acubens. [2]

Markscheme

m = 1 − 2. 5 log 10 (0. 0525) (M1)

= 4. 20 (4. 19960 …) A1

[2 marks]

Ceres has a magnitude of 7 and is the least bright star visible without magnification.

(b) Find the brightness of Ceres. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to solve 7 = 1 − 2. 5 log 10 (b) (M1)

Note: Accept a sketch from their GDC as an attempt to solve 7 .

= 1 − 2. 5 log 10 (b)

b = 0. 00398 (0. 00398107 …) A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find how many times brighter Acubens is compared to Ceres. [2]
Markscheme

0.0525

0.00398107
(M1)

= 13. 2 (13. 1874 …) A1

[2 marks]
37. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.3
The height of a baseball after it is hit by a bat is modelled by the function

2
h(t) = −4. 8t + 21t + 1. 2

where h(t) is the height in metres above the ground and t is the time in seconds after the ball
was hit.

(a) Write down the height of the ball above the ground at the instant it is hit by
the bat. [1]

Markscheme

1. 2 metres A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the value of t when the ball hits the ground. [2]

Markscheme

−4. 8t
2
+ 21t + 1. 2 = 0 (M1)

(t =) 4. 43 s (4. 431415 … s) A1

Note: If both values for t are seen do not award the A1 mark unless the negative is
explicitly excluded.

[2 marks]

(c) State an appropriate domain for t in this model. [2]

Markscheme

0 ≤ t ≤ 4. 43 OR [0, 4. 43] A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints and A1 for expressing answer with correct notation.
Award at most A1A0 for use of x instead of t.

[2 marks]
38. [Maximum mark: 7] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.4
Three towns, A, B and C are represented as coordinates on a map, where the x and y
axes represent the distances east and north of an origin, respectively, measured in kilometres.

Town A is located at (−6, − 1) and town B is located at (8, 6). A road runs along the
perpendicular bisector of [AB]. This information is shown in the following diagram.

(a) Find the equation of the line that the road follows. [5]

Markscheme

midpoint (1, 2. 5) A1

6−(−1)
m AB =
8−(−6)
=
1

2
(M1)A1

Note: Accept equivalent gradient statements including using midpoint.

m ⊥ = −2 M1

Note: Award M1 for finding the negative reciprocal of their gradient.

y − 2. 5 = −2(x − 1) OR y = −2x +
9

2
OR 4x + 2y − 9 = 0 A1
 [5 marks]

(b) Town C is due north of town A and the road passes through town C.

Find the y-coordinate of town C. [2]

Markscheme

substituting x = −6 into their equation from part (a) (M1)

9
y = −2(−6) +
2

y = 16. 5 A1

Note: Award M1A0 for (−6, 16. 5) as their final answer.

[2 marks]

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024