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 CONTENTS vii

58. Osteoarthritis 903 73. Skin and Skin Structure Infections 1121
Scott G. Garland, Nicholas W. Carris, Jaime R. Hornecker and Lauren R. Biehle
and Steven M. Smith
74. Infective Endocarditis 1133
59. Gout and Hyperuricemia 915 Ronda L. Akins
Maria Miller Thurston
75. Tuberculosis 1149
60. Musculoskeletal Disorders 927 Rocsanna Namdar and Charles Peloquin
Jill S. Borchert and Lisa M. Palmisano
76. Gastrointestinal Infections 1161
SECTION 12 Disorders of the Eyes, Ears, Bradley W. Shinn and Sharon Ternullo
Nose, and Throat 939
77. Intraabdominal Infections 1173
61. Glaucoma 939 Joseph E. Mazur and Melanie N. Smith
Mikael D. Jones
78. Parasitic Diseases 1183
62. Minor Ophthalmic and Otic Disorders 953 Madeline A. King and Jason C. Gallagher
Lauren R. Biehle and Michelle L. Hilaire
79. Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis 1197
63. Allergic Rhinitis 967 Spencer H. Durham
Hanna Phan and Michael Daines
80. Sexually Transmitted Infections 1207
Marlon S. Honeywell and Evans Branch III
SECTION 13 Dermatologic Disorders 983
81. Osteomyelitis 1225
64. Psoriasis 983
Jessica E. Burchette and David B. Cluck
Amy Kennedy
82. Sepsis and Septic Shock 1233
65. Common Skin Disorders 999
Trisha N. Branan, Susan E. Smith,
Laura A. Perry and Lori J. Ernsthausen
Christopher M. Bland, and S. Scott Sutton

SECTION 14 Hematologic Disorders 1015 83. Superficial Fungal Infections 1243

Kathryn A. Fuller and Lauren S. Schlesselman
66. Anemia 1015
Maribel A. Pereiras 84. Invasive Fungal Disease 1255
Russell E. Lewis and P. David Rogers
67. Coagulation and Platelet Disorders 1027
Anastasia Rivkin, Sandeep Vansal, 85. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery 1273
and Anna Dushenkov Mary A. Ullman and John C. Rotschafer

68. Sickle Cell Disease 1045 86. Vaccines and Toxoids 1281
Tracy M. Hagemann and Teresa V. Lewis Marianne Billeter

SECTION 15 Diseases of Infectious Origin 1059 87. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 1291
Emily L. Heil, Mary F. Banoub,
69. Antimicrobial Regimen Selection 1059 and Amanda H. Corbett
Catherine M. Oliphant
SECTION 16 Oncologic Disorders 1313
70. Central Nervous System Infections 1073
April Miller Quidley and P. Brandon Bookstaver 88. Cancer Chemotherapy and Treatment 1313
Lisa M. Holle
71. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 1091
Diane M. Cappelletty 89. Breast Cancer 1345
Gerald Higa
72. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 1105
Heather L. Girand 90. Lung Cancer 1361
Val Adams and Justin M. Balko

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 7 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 viii CONTENTS

91. Colorectal Cancer 1375 SECTION 17 Nutrition and Nutritional

Emily B. Borders and Allison Baxley Disorders 1521
92. Prostate Cancer 1391 100. Parenteral Nutrition 1521
Daniel J. Crona and Amber E. Proctor Melissa R. Pleva and Michael D. Kraft

93. Skin Cancer 1405 101. Enteral Nutrition 1539

Alice C. Ceacareanu and Treavor T. Riley Sarah J. Miller

94. Ovarian Cancer 1421 102. Overweight and Obesity 1553

Judith A. Smith April Smith

95. Acute Leukemias 1435 Appendices 1565

Nancy Heideman and Lisa Anselmo Appendix A: Conversion Factors
and Anthropometrics 1565
96. Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma 1451
Amy M. Pick Appendix B: Common Medical Abbreviations 1569
Appendix C: Glossary 1575
97. Malignant Lymphomas 1467
Keith A. Hecht and Susanne E. Liewer Appendix D: Prescription Writing Principles 1593
Index 1597
98. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 1479
Christina Bachmeier and Amber P. Lawson

99. Supportive Care in Oncology 1495

Sarah Scarpace Peters

SI unit conversions were produced by Ed Randell, PhD, DCC, FCACB, Division Chief and Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health Authority and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s,
Newfoundland, Canada.

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 8 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 ABOUT THE EDITORS

Marie A. Chisholm-Burns, PharmD, MPH, MBA, FCCP, FASHP, FAST, is Dean and
Professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy. She
received her BS and PharmD degrees from the University of Georgia, and completed a
residency at Mercer University Southern School of Pharmacy and at Piedmont Hospital in
Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Chisholm-Burns is Founder and Director of the Medication Access
Program which increases medication access to transplant recipients. She has also served in
elected positions in numerous professional organizations. Dr. Chisholm-Burns has more
than 320 publications and approximately $11 million in external funding. In 2008 and
2011, textbooks co-edited by Dr. Chisholm-Burns, Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice
and Pharmacy Management, Leadership, Marketing, and Finance, respectively, received the
Medical Book Award from the American Medical Writers Association. She has also received
numerous awards and honors including the Robert K. Chalmers Distinguished Pharmacy
Educator Award from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy
Education Award from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Daniel B. Smith Practice
Excellence Award from the American Pharmacists Association (APhA), Nicholas Andrew
Cummings Award from the National Academies of Practice, Award of Excellence from
the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), Pharmacy Practice Research
Award (2011 and 2014) and Award for Sustained Contributions to the Literature from the
ASHP Foundation, Research Achievement Award from APhA, and Rufus A. Lyman Award
for most outstanding publication in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
(in 1996 and 2007). Dr. Chisholm-Burns is a Fulbright Scholar and a member of the board
of directors for the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). She lives in
Memphis, is married, and has one child, John Fitzgerald Burns Jr. She enjoys writing, cycling,
and playing chess.

Terry L. Schwinghammer, PharmD, FCCP, FASHP, FAPhA, BCPS, is Professor

Emeritus at the West Virginia University (WVU) School of Pharmacy. From 2005 to 2018,
he was Professor and Chair of the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, and from 2015 to
2018 he held the Arthur I. Jacknowitz Distinguished Chair in Clinical Pharmacy at WVU.
He was previously Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh
School of Pharmacy. Dr. Schwinghammer received his BS and PharmD degrees from
Purdue University and completed a pharmacy residency at Indiana University Hospitals.
He is a Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist and has practiced in adult inpatient
and ambulatory care. Dr. Schwinghammer is a recipient of the American Pharmacists
Association-APPM Distinguished Achievement Award in Clinical/Pharmacotherapeutic
Practice and is a Distinguished Practitioner in the National Academies of Practice. He is
a member of the Academy of Excellence in Teaching and Learning of the WVU Health
Sciences Center. In addition to authoring over 100 research and other publications, he is
founding editor of The Pharmacotherapy Casebook and co-editor of The Pharmacotherapy
Handbook and the textbook Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice. Dr. Schwinghammer
has served the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) as Chair of the
Pharmacy Practice Section, Chair of the Council of Faculties, and member of the Board of
Directors. He is a past president of the Pennsylvania Society of Health-System Pharmacists
and received the Pharmacist of the Year, Community Service, and Sister M. Gonzales Duffy
Awards from the organization. He has served as Chair of the Board of Pharmacy Specialties
and elected member of the Board of Regents of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
(ACCP). He is a Fellow of ACCP, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and
the American Pharmacists Association and has been elected to membership in the Rho Chi
Pharmacy Honor Society and the Phi Lambda Sigma Pharmacy Leadership Society. He was
named a Distinguished Alumnus of Purdue University in 2004. In 2016, he was named the
recipient of the AACP Robert K. Chalmers Distinguished Pharmacy Educator Award.

ix

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 9 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 x ABOUT THE EDITORS

Patrick M. Malone, PharmD, FASHP, is Professor and Associate Dean of Internal Affairs
at The University of Findlay College of Pharmacy. Dr. Malone received his BS in Pharmacy
from Albany College of Pharmacy and PharmD from the University of Michigan. He
completed a clinical pharmacy residency at the Buffalo General Hospital, Drug Information
Fellowship at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, and US West Fellowship in
Academic Development and Technology at Creighton University. His practice and teaching
have centered on drug information, and he is the first author for all six editions of Drug
Information—A Guide for Pharmacists and has overseen the Innovations in Drug Information
Practice and Research sessions at the ASHP Midyear Clinical Meetings for approximately
20 years. Dr. Malone was also the drug information pharmacist at the XIII Winter Olympics.
He has approximately 120 publications and numerous presentations, and has held various
offices in national organizations. He was the Director of the Web-Based Pharmacy Pathway
at Creighton University Medical Center, from its initial establishment until after graduation
of the first class. His hobby is building and flying radio-controlled aircraft.

Jill M. Kolesar, PharmD, MS, FCCP, BCPS, is Professor of Pharmacy at the University of
Kentucky and holds administrative positions at the Markey Cancer Center as the Director
of the Precision Medicine Initiatives, Co-Chair of the Molecular Tumor Board, and the
Co-Leader of the Developmental Therapeutics Program. She is a member of the Graduate
Faculty in the College of Pharmacy, a member of the Markey Cancer Center and holds a
joint appointment in Internal Medicine in the College of Medicine. Dr. Kolesar received her
Doctor of Pharmacy degree at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio,
where she also completed a specialty practice residency in oncology/hematology and a
fellowship in molecular oncology pharmacotherapy. She received an MS in Epidemiology
with an emphasis in Genetic Epidemiology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
College of Medicine and Public Health in 2016. Dr. Kolesar contributes professional service
to both the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and several pharmacy organizations. Serving
on both the Early Phase and Cancer Prevention Central IRBs (CIRBs), multiple NCI
study sections, and the Cancer Therapy and Evaluation Program (CTEP) Pharmacology
task force. She is a board certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist and an elected fellow of
ACCP (American College of Clinical Pharmacy). She has served ACCP as the Chair of the
Hematology Oncology PRN, and as a member of the Board of Regents and the Research
Institute Board of Trustees. Dr. Kolesar is currently the President of ACCP. Dr. Kolesar’s
research focuses on the drug development of anticancer agents with an emphasis on targeted
therapies and biomarkers. She has authored more than 200 abstracts, research articles,
and book chapters, and as a principal investigator she has received more than $2.0 million
in research funding from the NCI, American Cancer Society and other sources. She has
received teaching and research awards from local, national, and international organizations
including the Innovations in Teaching Award from the American Association of Colleges of
Pharmacy. Other books she co-edits are the Top 300 Pharmacy Drug Cards and the Top 100
Nonprescription Drug Cards. Dr. Kolesar loves to read, run, ski, scuba dive, and travel with
her husband and five children. She has completed 2 marathons and 16 half-marathons.

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 10 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 ABOUT THE EDITORS xi

P. Brandon Bookstaver, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA, BCPS, is Associate Professor and

Director of Residency and Fellowship Training in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy and
Outcomes Sciences at the University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy in Columbia,
South Carolina. He also serves as Infectious Diseases Pharmacist at Palmetto Health Richland.
Following graduation from the University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy in 2004,
he completed a Pharmacy Practice residency and Infectious Diseases specialty residency at
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center. Brandon thoroughly enjoys coordinating
student research and is heavily involved in pharmacy residency training, including his role
as the Infectious Diseases PGY2 Residency Director and Clinical Fellowship Director at
USC/Palmetto Health. He has over 75 peer-reviewed publications in the areas of infectious
diseases and teaching and learning. Outside of work, he enjoys spending time with his wife
Nicole, son Aaron, and daughter Maddie Paige; traveling; and Gamecock athletics.

Kelly C. Lee, PharmD, MAS, FCCP, BCPP, is Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Associate
Dean for Assessment and Accreditation at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. She is also the Director of the
PGY2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Residency at UCSD. Dr. Lee received her B.S. in Biology from
UCLA, her PharmD from UCSF, and Master of Advanced Studies in Clinical Research at
UCSD. She completed a PGY1 Residency in Pharmacy Practice and a 2-year fellowship in
Behavioral Health Sciences at UCSF. She has published numerous peer-reviewed journal
articles and consults for large health systems to optimize psychotropic drug utilization and
establish innovative psychiatric pharmacy care models. She has also received the Dorfman
Journal Paper Award from the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Dr. Lee loves to play
tennis, travel, and spend time with her husband Douglas and son, Travis.

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 11 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 This page intentionally left blank

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 12 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 CONTRIBUTORS

Val Adams, PharmD, BCOP Marianne Billeter, PharmD, BCPS

Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy Manager, Patient Care Services, New Hanover
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina
Chapter 90 Chapter 86

Ronda L. Akins, PharmD Christopher M. Bland, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA, BCPS

Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Methodist
Charlton Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Adjunct Associate
Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
Chapter 74
Lisa Anselmo, PharmD, BCOP
Director of Clinical Pharmacy, PGY1 Residency Director,
University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque,
New Mexico
Chapter 95
Clinical Associate Professor, Clinical and Administrative
Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia,
Savannah, Georgia
Chapter 82
P. Brandon Bookstaver, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA, BCPS
Associate Professor and Director of Residency and Fellowship
Training, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes
Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy,
Columbia, South Carolina
Chapter 70

Christina A. Bachmeier, PharmD, BCOP Jill S. Borchert, PharmD, BCACP, BCPS

Clinical Pharmacist, Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Vice-Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago
Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 98 Chapter 60

Opal M. Bacon, PharmD Emily B. Borders, PharmD, BCOP

Clinical Assistant Professor, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University,
Detroit, Michigan
Chapter 39
Justin M. Balko, PharmD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
Chapter 90
Clinical Pharmacist, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of
Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Chapter 91
Mary Borovicka, PharmD, BCPP
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of
Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
Chapter 37

Sheila R. Botts, PharmD, BCPP

Mary F. Banoub, PharmD
Regional Administrator, Clinical Pharmacy Services; Chief,
Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, University
Clinical Pharmacy Research and Academic Affairs, Kaiser
of Maryland Medical Center; Clinical Assistant Professor,
Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado
School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore,
Chapter 40
Maryland
Chapter 87 Bradley A. Boucher, PharmD, BCPS
Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational
Kylie N. Barnes, PharmD, BCPS
Science, Associate Dean of Strategic Initiatives and
Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Pharmacy Practice and
Operations, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee
Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-
Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
Chapter 13
Chapter 49
Julia Boyle, PharmD, BCPP
Allison Baxley, PharmD, BCOP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and
Clinical Pharmacist, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of
Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State
Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
University, Pocatello, Idaho
Chapter 91
Chapter 42
Régine Béliard, PharmD
Trisha N. Branan, PharmD, BCCCP
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and Administrative
Clinical Associate Professor, Clinical and Administrative
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre Dame of Maryland
Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia,
University, Baltimore, Maryland
Athens, Georgia
Chapter 50
Chapter 82
Lauren R. Biehle, PharmD, BCPS
Evans Branch III, PharmD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of
Professor, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
Florida A&M University, Miami, Florida
Chapters 62 and 73
Chapter 80

xiii

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 13 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 xiv CONTRIBUTORS
Gretchen M. Brophy, PharmD, BCPS
Professor of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science and
Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical
College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Chapter 32
Susan P. Bruce, PharmD, BCPS
Associate Dean for Pharmacy Education and Interprofessional
Studies, Chair and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College
of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown,
Ohio
Chapter 57
Jessica E. Burchette, PharmD, BCPS
Professor, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy,
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
Chapter 81
Diane M. Cappelletty, PharmD
Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Chair, Department of Pharmacy
Practice, Co-Director, The Infectious Disease Research
Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
Chapter 71
Nicholas W. Carris, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and
Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy; Department of
Family Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of
South Florida, Tampa, Florida
Chapter 58
Marshall E. Cates, PharmD, BCPP
Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University,
Birmingham, Alabama
Chapter 38
Brandon Cave, PharmD, ASH-CHC
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
South College School of Pharmacy, Knoxville, Tennessee
Chapter 5
Alice C. Ceacareanu, PhD, PharmD
President, ROAKETIN Inc, Amherst, New York
Chapter 93
Kevin W. Chamberlin, PharmD
Associate Clinical Professor, Assistant Head, Department
of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of
Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
Chapter 29
Juliana Chan, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Associate Professor, Gastroenterology and Hepatology;
Clinical Pharmacist, Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, Clinical
Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Colleges of Pharmacy
and Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 24
Sallie H. Charles, PMHNP-BC, MS, MBA
Advanced Practice Nurse, Psychiatry, Hidden Lake Medical
Offices, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Westminster, Colorado
Chapter 40
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 14
Judy T. Chen, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDE
Clinical Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue
University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
Chapters 45 and 46
Kevin W. Cleveland, PharmD
Associate Professor and Assistant Dean for Experiential
Education, Department of Pharmacy Practice and
Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State
University, Pocatello, Idaho
Chapter 42
David B. Cluck, PharmD, BCPS, AAHIVP
Associate Professor, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy,
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
Chapter 81
Amanda H. Corbett, PharmD, BCPS, AAHIVE
Clinical Associate Professor, Eshelman School of Pharmacy,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
Chapter 87
Brian L. Crabtree, PharmD, BCPP
Professor and Dean, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University,
Atlanta, Georgia
Chapter 39
Daniel J. Crona, PharmD, PhD, CPP
Assistant Professor, Division of Pharmacotherapy and
Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
Chapter 92
Nicole S. Culhane, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Dean, Experiential Education, and Professor, Clinical
and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre
Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland
Chapter 50
Michael Daines, MD
Division Chief, Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology,
Associate Professor, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology,
Associate Director, Pediatric Pulmonary Fellowship, College
of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson,
Arizona
Chapter 63
Devra K. Dang, PharmD, BCPS, CDE
Associate Clinical Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
Chapters 45 and 46
Robert J. DiDomenico, PharmD
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College
of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois
Chapter 7
John M. Dopp, PharmD, MS
Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
Chapter 41
05/09/18 5:00 PM

Spencer H. Durham, PharmD, BCPS AQ-ID
Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn,
Alabama
Chapter 79
Anna Dushenkov, PharmD
Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy
and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham
Park, New Jersey
Chapter 67
Amanda Eades, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice;
Clinical Pharmacist, Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, College
of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois
Chapter 14
Megan J. Ehret, PharmD, MS, BCPP
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and
Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland,
Baltimore, Maryland
Chapter 29
Gladys El-Chaar, PharmD
Clinical Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
St. John’s University, Queens, New York
Chapter 53
Lori J. Ernsthausen, PharmD, BCPS
Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy
Practice, University of Findlay College of Pharmacy, Findlay,
Ohio
Chapter 65
John Erramouspe, PharmD, MS
Professor Emeritus, Pharmacy Practice and Administrative
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University,
Pocatello, Idaho
Chapter 42
Edward Faught, MD
Professor, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Chapter 31
Ema Ferreira, BPharm, MSc, PharmD
Pharmacist, Clinical Professor, Associate Dean, Academics, CHU
Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Chapter 47
Jack E. Fincham, PhD, RPh
Professor of Pharmacy Administration, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian
College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina
Chapter 1
Shannon W. Finks, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS AQ Cardiology,
ASH-CHC
Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
Chapter 8
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 15
CONTRIBUTORS xv
Joshua W. Fleming, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Jackson,
Mississippi
Chapter 35
Kathryn A. Fuller, PharmD
PGY1 Ambulatory Care Resident, University of North Carolina
Medical Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapter 83
Steven Gabardi, PharmD, BCPS
Abdominal Organ Transplant Clinical Specialist, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital; Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Chapter 55
Jason C. Gallagher, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Professor, School of Pharmacy, Temple University,
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Infectious Diseases, Temple
University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 78
Scott G. Garland, PharmD
Postdoctoral Fellow in Family Medicine, University of Florida
College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapy and
Translational Research, Gainesville, Florida
Chapter 58
Heather L. Girand, PharmD
Professor and Assistant Chair Department of Pharmacy
Practice, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big
Rapids, Michigan
Chapter 72
Tracy M. Hagemann, PharmD
Associate Dean and Professor, College of Pharmacy, University
of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Chapter 68
Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BC-ADM
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Director,
Pharmacy Professional Development, School of Pharmacy,
University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi
Chapter 10
Kim Hawkins, PhD, APRN, FNP-C
Associate Professor, Lansing School of Nursing and Clinical
Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky
Appendix D
Kathleen B. Haynes, PharmD, BCPS, CDE
Clinical Coordinator, Bridges to Health, Community Health
Network, Indianapolis, Indiana
Chapter 48
Keith A. Hecht, PharmD, BCOP
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School
of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville,
Illinois
Chapter 97
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 xvi CONTRIBUTORS
Nancy Heideman, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP
Oncology Clinical Pharmacy Lead, University of New Mexico
Comprehensive Cancer Center
Chapter 95
Emily L. Heil, PharmD, BCPS AQ-ID, AAHIVP
Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of
Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
Chapter 87
Brian A. Hemstreet, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Dean for Student Affairs and Professor of Pharmacy
Practice, Regis University School of Pharmacy, Rueckert-
Hartman College for Health Professions, Denver, Colorado
Chapter 19
Gerald Higa, PharmD
Professor, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, West Virginia
University, Morgantown, West Virginia
Chapter 89
Michelle L. Hilaire, PharmD, CDE, BCPS, BCACP
Clinical Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Associate Dean of
Students, University of Wyoming School of Pharmacy,
Laramie, Wyoming
Chapter 62
Lisa M. Holle, PharmD, BCOP
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs,
Connecticut
Chapter 88
Marlon S. Honeywell, PharmD
Executive Associate Dean and Professor, College of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University,
Tallahassee, Florida
Chapter 80
Jaime R. Hornecker, PharmD, BCPS, CDE, DPLA
Clinical Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy,
University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
Chapter 73
Augustus Hough, PharmD, BCPS AQ Cardiology
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Cardiology, PGY2 Cardiology
Pharmacy Residency Program Director, West Palm Beach
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Palm Beach, Florida
Chapter 5
Jill L. Isaacs, DNP, ANP, NP-C
Adult Nurse Practitioner, Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease
Consultants, Mesa, Arizona
Appendix D
Cherry W. Jackson, PharmD, BCPP
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn
University; Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatric and
Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of
Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
Chapter 38
Mikael D. Jones, PharmD, BCPS
Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Chapter 61
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 16
Desha Jordan, MD
Fellow, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of
Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, Georgia
Chapter 54
Michael D. Katz, PharmD
Professor and Director, International Education, Department
of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy,
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Chapter 44
Deanna L. Kelly, PharmD, BCPP
Professor of Psychiatry, Director and Chief, Treatment Research
Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Chapter 37
Amy Kennedy, PharmD
Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of
Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Chapter 64
Madeline A. King, PharmD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration,
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 78
Emily Knezevich, PharmD, BCPS, CDE
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy
and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
Appendix D
Jon Knezevich, PharmD, BCPS
Pharmacy Coordinator, Diabetes; Nebraska Medicine, Omaha,
Nebraska
Appendix D
Julia M. Koehler, PharmD
Professor and Associate Dean for Clinical Education and
External Affiliations, College of Pharmacy and Health
Sciences, Butler University; Ambulatory Care Clinical
Pharmacist, Methodist Hospital of Indiana University Health,
Indianapolis, Indiana
Chapter 48
Michael D. Kraft, PharmD, BCNSP
Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
Assistant Director-Education and Research, Department
of Pharmacy Services, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
Chapter 100
Kelly R. Kroustos, PharmD, BCGP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Raabe College of
Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio
Chapter 4
05/09/18 5:00 PM

Sum Lam, PharmD, BCGP, BCPS
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Health
Professions, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St.
John’s University, Queens, New York; Clinical Specialist in
Geriatric Pharmacy, Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and
Pharmacy, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
Chapter 53
Dejan Landup, PharmD, BCPS
Heart Failure Clinical Pharmacist, Advocate Medical Group,
Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 7
Amber P. Lawson, PharmD, BCOP
Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Chapter 98
James C. Lee, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Clinical Pharmacist, Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, College
of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 10
Jeannie K. Lee, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP
Assistant Dean for Student Services and Associate Professor
College of Pharmacy; Clinical Associate Professor, College of
Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Chapter 2
Mary Lee, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP
Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago College of Pharmacy,
Vice President and Chief Academic Officer, Midwestern
University, Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 52
Russell E. Lewis, PharmD, BCPS
Associate Professor, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Chapter 84
Teresa V. Lewis, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and Administrative
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma
College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Chapter 68
Cara Liday, PharmD, BCPS, CDE
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College
of Pharmacy, Idaho State University; Clinical Pharmacist,
InterMountain Medical Clinic, Pocatello, Idaho
Chapter 51
Susanne E. Liewer, PharmD, BCOP
Pharmacy Coordinator, Blood and Marrow Transplant; Clinical
Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
Chapter 97
Melissa Lipari, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Assistant Professor, Wayne State University Eugene
Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences;
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Ambulatory Care, St. John
Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
Chapter 20
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 17
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
Mark A. Malesker, PharmD, FCCP, FCCP, FCCM, FASHP, BCPS
Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Medicine, Creighton
University, Omaha, Nebraska
Chapters 27 and 28
Joel C. Marrs, PharmD, BCPS AQ Cardiology, BCACP
Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
Chapter 12
Spencer T. Martin, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacy Manager, Department of Pharmacy Services,
Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
Chapter 55
J. Russell May, PharmD
Clinical Professor and Associate Head, Department of Clinical
and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy,
University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
Chapter 54
Kathleen May, MD
Division Chief and Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of
Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical
College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
Chapter 54
Joseph E. Mazur, PharmD, BCPS, BCNSP
Critical Care Clinical Specialist, Medical Intensive Care Unit;
Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Medical University
of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South
Carolina
Chapter 77
J. Michael McGuire, PharmD
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Psychiatry, College of
Pharmacy, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
Chapter 38
Damian M. Mendoza, PharmD, CGP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Geriatrics, Southern Arizona VA
Health Care System, Tuscon, Arizona
Chapter 2
Sarah J. Miller, PharmD, BCNSP
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of
Montana Skaggs School of Pharmacy; Pharmacy Clinical
Coordinator, Province Saint Patrick Hospital, Missoula,
Montana
Chapter 101
Beverly C. Mims, PharmD
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy,
Howard University; Clinical Pharmacist, Howard University
Hospital, Washington, DC
Chapter 21
M. Jane Mohler, NP-C, MSN, MPH, PhD
Co-Director, Arizona Geriatric Education Center, Associate
Director, Reynolds Program in Applied Geriatrics, College of
Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Chapter 2
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 xviii CONTRIBUTORS
Caroline Morin, BPharm, MSc
Pharmacist in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Associated Clinician,
CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montreal Pharmacist,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Chapter 47
Lee E. Morrow, MD, MSc
Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep
Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha,
Nebraska
Chapters 27 and 28
Milap C. Nahata, PharmD, MS
Professor Emeritus of Pharmacy, Pediatrics and Internal
Medicine; Director of the Institute of Therapeutic Innovations
and Outcomes, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University;
Columbus, Ohio
Chapter 3
Rocsanna Namdar, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Inpatient Pharmacy Supervisor, New Mexico Veterans Affairs
Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Chapter 75
Douglas A. Newton, MD, MPH
Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Colorado Permanente
Medical Group, Denver, Colorado
Chapter 40
Tien M.H. Ng, PharmD, BCPS AQ Cardiology
Associate Professor, Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Chapter 6
Kimberly J. Novak, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine,
Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
Chapter 16
Edith A. Nutescu, PharmD, MS, FCCP
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Systems,
Outcomes and Policy, and Director, Center for
Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 10
Catherine M. Oliphant, PharmD
Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice
and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho
State University, Meridian, Idaho
Chapter 69
Ali J. Olyaei, PharmD
Professor, Department of Medicine and Pharmacy Practice,
Oregon State University and Oregon Health and Sciences
University, Portland, Oregon
Chapter 55
Christine Karabin O’Neil, BS, PharmD, BCPS, CGP
Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Division of Clinical, Social,
and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chapter 34
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 18
Vinita B. Pai, PharmD, MS
Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Ohio State University,
College of Pharmacy; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Pediatric
Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Nationwide
Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
Chapter 3
Lisa M. Palmisano, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical
Pharmacist, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern
University, Chicago, Illinois
Chapter 60
David Parra, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacy Program Manager in Cardiology &
Anticoagulation, Veterans Integrated Service Network 8,
Pharmacy Benefits Management, Bay Pines, Florida; Clinical
Associate Professor, Department of Experimental and Clinical
Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Chapter 5
Chris Paxos, PharmD, BCPP, BCPS, BCGP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Associate Professor
of Psychiatry, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical
University, Rootstown, Ohio
Chapter 36
Charles Peloquin, PharmD, FCCP
Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational
Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida
Chapter 75
Maribel A. Pereiras, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP
Clinical Oncology Pharmacist, Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplant and Cellular Therapy, John Theurer Cancer Center
at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack,
New Jersey
Chapter 66
Laura A. Perry, PharmD, BCPS
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
University of Findlay College of Pharmacy, Findlay, Ohio
Chapter 65
Sarah Scarpace Peters, PharmD, MPH, BCOP
Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Albany, NY
Chapter 99
Hanna Phan, PharmD, FCCP, FPPAG
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and
Science, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics,
Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine; Associate Research
Scientist, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Chapters 3 and 63
Beth Bryles Phillips, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Rite Aid Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia;
Director VAMC/UGA PGY2 Ambulatory Care Residency
Program, Athens, Georgia
Chapter 56
05/09/18 5:00 PM

Bradley G. Phillips, PharmD, BCPS
Millikan-Revee Professor and Head, Department of Clinical and
Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Chapter 41
Amy M. Pick, PharmD, BCOP
Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Creighton University School of
Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska
Chapter 96
Melissa R. Pleva, PharmD, BCNSP, BCCCP, BCPS
Manager-Surgery and Cardiovascular Services, Department
of Pharmacy Services, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor,
Michigan; Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor, Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Chapter 100
Christina M. Polomoff, PharmD, BCACP, BCGP
Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Connecticut School of
Pharmacy; Population Health Clinical Pharmacist, Hartford
HealthCare Integrated Care Partners, Storrs, Connecticut
Chapter 45
Elizabeth A. Price, PharmD, MSCR, BCPS
PGY2 Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Resident, University of
Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia
Chapter 56
Amber E. Proctor, PharmD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Pharmacotherapy
and Experimental Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
Chapter 92
Jeremy J. Prunty, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist—Oncology Internal Medicine,
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland,
Ohio
Chapter 17
Leesa M. Prunty, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist—Cystic Fibrosis, University
Hospitals Home Care Services & Rainbow Babies and
Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Chapter 17
April Miller Quidley, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP
Critical Care Pharmacist and Critical Care Residency Program
Director, Vidant Medical Center, Greenville, North Carolina
Chapter 70
Catherine Bourg Rebitch, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP
Clinical Associate Professor, Clinical and Administrative
Pharmacy; Director, PGY1 Community Residency Program,
College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Chapter 18
Treavor T. Riley, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP
Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, Wingate University,
Hendersonville, North Carolina
Chapter 93
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 19
CONTRIBUTORS xix
Anastasia Rivkin, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Dean for Faculty and Professor of Pharmacy Practice,
School of Pharmacy, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham
Park, New Jersey
Chapter 67
Kelly C. Rogers, PharmD, FCCP, FACC
Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
Chapter 8
P. David Rogers, PharmD, PhD
First Tennessee Endowed Chair of Excellence in Clinical
Pharmacy, Vice Chair for Research, Director, Clinical
and Experimental Therapeutics, and Professor of Clinical
Pharmacy and Pediatrics, College of Pharmacy, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
Chapter 84
Brendan S. Ross, MD
Staff Physician, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs
Medical Center; Clinical Associate Professor, Department
of Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi School of
Pharmacy, Jackson, Mississippi
Chapter 35
Leigh Ann Ross, PharmD, BCPS
Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs, Professor and Chair,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi
School of Pharmacy, Jackson, Mississippi
Chapter 35
John C. Rotschafer, PharmD
Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Chapter 85
Laurajo Ryan, PharmD, MSc, BCPS, CDE
Clinical Associate Professor, University of Texas at Austin
College of Pharmacy; University of Texas Health Science
Center, Department of Medicine, Pharmacotherapy
Education Research Center, Austin, Texas
Chapter 22
Melody Ryan, PharmD, MPH
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
Chapter 30
Lauren S. Schlesselman, MEd, PharmD
Director, Learning Initiatives & Educational Technology,
Adjunct Assistant Clinical Professor, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
Chapter 83
Kristine S. Schonder, PharmD
Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of
Pharmacy; Clinical Specialist, Transplant, University of
Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
Chapter 26
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 xx CONTRIBUTORS

Julie Sease, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, CDE, BCACP
Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Associate Dean for
Academic Affairs, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College,
Clinton, South Carolina
Chapter 43
Mary K. Stamatakis, PharmD
Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Educational
Innovation and Professor, West Virginia University School of
Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
Chapter 25

Corinne M. Self, MD Robert J. Straka, PharmD

Assistant Professor of Geriatrics, Division of Internal Medicine, Professor and Head, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Arizona, College Department, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy,
of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona Minneapolis, Minnesota
Chapter 2 Chapter 5

Roohollah Sharifi, MD, FACS S. Scott Sutton, PharmD, BCPS AQ-ID

Professor, Department of Urology and Surgery, College of Professor and Chair, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and
Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South
and Section Chief of Urology, Jesse Browns Veterans Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois Chapter 82
Chapter 52
Marc A. Sweeney, PharmD, MDiv
Bradley W. Shinn, PharmD Professor and Dean, School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University,
Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of Findlay College of Cedarville, Ohio
Pharmacy, Findlay, Ohio Chapter 4
Chapter 76 Marie-Lou Tardif, MD, FRCPC
Staff Physician, Université de Montréal
April Smith, PharmD, BCPS
Montreal, Quebec
Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions,
Chapter 47
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
Chapter 102 Sharon Ternullo, PharmD, DABAT
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of Findlay
Judith A. Smith, PharmD, BCOP, CPHQ College of Pharmacy, Findlay, Ohio
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Chapter 76
Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at
Houston, Houston, Texas Eljim P. Tesoro, PharmD, BCPS
Chapter 94 Clinical Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, Clinical
Pharmacist, Neurosciences, Director, PGY2 Critical Care
Melanie N. Smith, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Residency, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences
Critical Care Specialist, Surgery-Trauma ICU, Affiliate Assistant System, Chicago, Illinois
Professor, Medical University of South Carolina College of Chapter 32
Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina
Chapter 77 Christian J. Teter, PharmD, BCPP
Manager, Medical Affairs, Alkermes, Waltham, Massachusetts
Steven M. Smith, PharmD, MPH, BCPS Chapter 36
Assistant Professor, Departments of Pharmacotherapy and
Heather M. Teufel, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP
Translational Research and Community Health & Family
Clinical Pharmacist, Emergency Medicine, University of
Medicine, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania Health System, Chester County Hospital, West
Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Chester, Pennsylvania
Chapter 58
Chapter 23
Susan E. Smith, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Janine E. Then, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Assistant Professor, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, Lead Pharmacist–Clinical Services, University of Pittsburgh
College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Medical Center, Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh,
Chapter 82 Pennsylvania
Chapter 23
Thomas R. Smith, PharmD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Michael L. Thiman, PharmD
Natural, and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Clinical Assistant Professor, Clinical and Administrative
Fort Wayne, Indiana Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia,
Chapter 33 Athens, Georgia
Chapter 18
Sarah A. Spinler, PharmD, FCCP, FAHA, FASHP, AACC, BCPS
AQ Cardiology Maria Miller Thurston, PharmD, BCPS
Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia
University, Binghamton, New York Chapter 59
Chapter 8

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 20 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 CONTRIBUTORS xxi

James E. Tisdale, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP, FAPhA, FNAP, Ya-Feng Wen, PharmD
FAHA, FACC PhD Student, Department of Experimental and Clinical
Professor, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University; Adjunct Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota,
Professor, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 5
Chapter 9
Tara R. Whetsel, PharmD, BCACP, BC-ADM
Mary A. Ullman, PharmD Clinical Associate Professor, West Virginia University School of
Pharmacist, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
Chapter 85 Chapter 15

Sandeep Vansal, PharmD Jon P. Wietholter, PharmD, BCPS

Associate Professor and Director, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Associate Professor, West Virginia University School
School of Pharmacy, Fairleigh Dickinson University, of Pharmacy; Internal Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, WVU
Florham Park, New Jersey Medicine Ruby Memorial Hospital, Morgantown, West
Chapter 67 Virginia
Chapter 15
Orly Vardeny, PharmD, MS, BCACP
Associate Professor, School of Medicine, University of Sheila Wilhelm, PharmD, BCPS
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy
Chapter 6 Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and
Health Sciences, Wayne State University; Clinical Pharmacy
Mary L. Wagner, PharmD, MS Specialist, Internal Medicine, Harper University Hospital,
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Detroit, Michigan
Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers Chapter 20
University, Piscataway, New Jersey
Chapter 33 Lori Wilken, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist, University of Illinois Hospital and Health
Heidi J. Wehring, PharmD, BCPP Sciences System; Clinical Assistant Professor, Pharmacy
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of
Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
of Medicine, Washington, DC Chapter 14
Chapter 37
Susan R. Winkler, PharmD, BCPS
Lydia E. Weisser, DO, MBA Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College
Medical Director, Bryan Psychiatric Hospital, Columbia, of Pharmacy, Midwestern University Chicago, Downers
South Carolina Grove, Illinois
Chapter 39 Chapter 11
Timothy E. Welty, PharmD, MA, BCPS G. Christopher Wood, PharmD, BCPS AQ-ID, BCCCP
Professor and Chair, Department of Clinical Sciences, College Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
Moines, Iowa Chapter 13
Chapter 31

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 21 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 This page intentionally left blank

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 22 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 REVIEWERS
Nelly Adell, PharmD, BCOP, BCPS
Chair, Pharmacy Practice, Associate Professor in Oncology,
Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, New York
Rita R. Alloway, PharmD, FCCP
Research Professor of Medicine; Director, Transplant Clinical
Research; Director, Transplant Pharmacy Residency and
Fellowship, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
Carmela Avena-Woods, BS Pharm, PharmD, CGP
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Health
Professions, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St.
John’s University, Queens, New York
Katie E. Barber, PharmD, RPh
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Jackson,
Mississippi
Kimberley Begley, PharmD, RPh
Associate Professor, Director of Distance Pharmacy Education,
School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton
University, Omaha, Nebraska
Deborah Berlekamp, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of Findlay,
Findlay, Ohio
Martha Blackford, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics; Clinical Assistant Professor
of Pharmacy Practice, Northeast Ohio Medical University,
Rootstown, Ohio; Clinical Pharmacologist & Toxicologist,
Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
Betsy Blake, PharmD, BCPS
Director, Interprofessional Education; Clinical Associate
Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, South Carolina
Mary Bridgeman, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice
and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway,
New Jersey
Denise Buonocore, MSN, ACNPC, CCNS, CCRN, CHFN
Acute Care Nurse Practitioner for HF Services, St. Vincent’s
Multispecialty Group, Bridgeport, Connecticut
Jamal A. Brown, PharmD, BCGP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M
University, Tampa, Florida
Katie E. Cardone, PharmD, BCACP, FNKF, FASN, FCCP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
Katherine Carey, PharmD, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy,
MCPHS University, Worcester, Massachusetts
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 23
Manouchkathe Cassagnol, PharmD, BCPS, CGP
Associate Clinical Professor, College of Pharmacy and Allied
Health Professions, St. John’s University, Queens, New York
Daniel B. Chastain, PharmD, AAHIVP
Clinical Assistant Professor; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist,
Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and
Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of
Georgia, Albany, Georgia
Julie Cooper, PharmD, BCPS AQ Cardiology
Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fred
Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High
Point, North Carolina
Kelli Coover, PharmD, BCGP
Associate Professor and Vice-Chair of Pharmacy Practice,
School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton
University, Omaha, Nebraska
Bonnie A. Dadig, EdD, PA-C
Professor Emeritus, Physician Assistant Department, College
of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University; Physician
Assistant, Department of Family Medicine, Medical College
of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
David Dadiomov, PharmD
Assistant Professor, Larkin University, Miami, Florida
Lawrence W. Davidow, PhD, RPh
Director, Pharmacy Skills Laboratory, University of Kansas
School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas
Joseph M. Davis, PharmD, BCPS
Nephrology Clinical Pharmacist, Vidant Medical Center,
Greenville, North Carolina
Emily Dornblaser, PharmD, MS, BCPS
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Critical
Care Specialist, College of Pharmacy, University of New
England, Portland, Maine
Thomas Dowling, PharmD, PhD
Assistant Dean and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of
Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Alicia Elam, PharmD
Associate Professor, Physician Assistant Department, College of
Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
David P. Elliott, PharmD, CGP
Professor and Associate Chair of Clinical Pharmacy, School
of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Charleston, West
Virginia
Jingyang Fan, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Dean, Academic Affairs; Clinical Associate
Professor, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville, Illinois
xxiii
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 xxiv REVIEWERS
Karen M. Fancher, PharmD, BCOP
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy,
Duquesne University; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist,
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center at Passavant
Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Sarah Jane E. Faro, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP
Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, College of Health
Professions, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon
Maisha Freeman, PharmD, BCPS
Professor and Director, Center for Healthcare Innovation
and Patient Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmacy
Practice, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford
University, Birmingham, Alabama
Lisa R. Garavaglia, PharmD, BCPS
Pediatric Clinical Pharmacist, WVU Medicine; Adjunct
Assistant Professor, West Virginia University School of
Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
Brooke L. Griffin, PharmD, BCACP
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago College
of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
Ben Gross, PharmD, MBA, BCPS, BCACP, CDE, BC-ADM,
ASH-CHC
Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
Leslie Hamilton, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP, FCCP, FCCM
Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and
Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, Tennessee
Jin Han, PharmD, PhD, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacist and Clinical Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at
Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
Christy S. Harris, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy,
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Boston, Massachusetts
Cara A. Harshberger, PharmD, BCOP
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of
Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
Deborah A. Hass, PharmD, BCOP, BCPS
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, West Coast
University, Los Angeles, California
Dawn E. Havrda, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP
Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and
Translational Science; Associate Dean for Academic Affairs
and Assessment, College of Pharmacy, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
Crystal Howell, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases,
Department of Pharmacotherapy; Infectious Diseases
Pharmacist, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 24
Stephanie Hsia, PharmD, BCPP
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of
Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California
Michelle Hughes, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacist, Neighborhood Healthcare, Escondido,
California, Palomar Health, Escondido, California
John Hurt, MSPAS, PA-C
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic
Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama
at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Meghan Jeffres, PharmD
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
Melissa D. Johnson, PharmD, MHS, AAHIVP
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
& International Health, Duke University Medical Center,
Liaison Clinical Pharmacist, Duke Antimicrobial Stewardship
Outreach Network (DASON) Durham. North Carolina
Julie Ann Justo, PharmD, MS, BCPS AQ-ID
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and
Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South
Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
Jason Kielly, PharmD
Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, Memorial University,
St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Justin Kinney, PharmD, MA, BCCCP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School
of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
Kenneth P. Klinker, PharmD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy
and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Jessa Koch, PharmD, BCPP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School
of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
Jerika Lam, PharmD, AAHIVP
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School
of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California
Michelle D. Lesé, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Lloyd L. Gregory
School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West
Palm Beach, Florida
Michelle L. Litchman, PhD, FNP-BC
Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah
Benjamin J. Malcolm, PharmD, MPH, BCPP
Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Administration,
College of Pharmacy, Western University of the Health
Sciences, Pomona, California
05/09/18 5:00 PM

Jennifer M. Malinowski, PharmD
Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt School of
Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania;
Director, Clinical Pharmacy Services Integration, The Wright
Center for Primary Care, Jermyn, Pennsylvania
Michael A. Mancano, PharmD
Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice; Clinical Professor of
Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jay Martello, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia
University, Clinical Specialist in Internal Medicine, WVU
Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
Craig Martin, PharmD, MBA
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science;
Director, Practice and Residency Advancement, College of
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Lena Maynor, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia
University, Morgantown, West Virginia
Ziemowit Mazur, EdM, MS, PA-C
Assistant Professor and Associate Director, Physician Assistant
Program, College of Health Professions, Rosalind Franklin
University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
Milena M. McLaughlin, PharmD, MSc, BCPS-AQ ID, AAHIVP
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago
College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove,
Illinois
Mary Mihalyo, PharmD, BCPS, CDE
Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Division of Clinical,
Social and Administrative Science, School of Pharmacy,
Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Kimberly Miller, PharmD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt School of
Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Rima A. Mohammad, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
College of Pharmacy and Health System, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Anne Moore, DNP, APN, FAANP
Nurse Practitioner, Women’s Health and Adult Certification,
Division of Family Health and Wellness, Tennessee
Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee
Candis M. Morello, PharmD, CDE, FCSHP, FASHP
Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Whitney Narramore, PharmD, BCACP, BCGP
Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
Dan Nichols, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Adult Leukemia, University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 25
REVIEWERS xxv
Viet-Huong Nguyen, PharmD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School
of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California
Christine O’Neil, BS, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP, FCCP, CTTS
Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Assistant Dean, Curriculum
Development & Interprofessional Education School of
Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Stephen Orr, MD
Ophthalmologist, Spectrum Eye Care, Inc., Findlay, Ohio
Robert B. Parker, PharmD, FCCP
Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational
Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center,
College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee
Dhiren Patel, PharmD, CDE, BC-ADM, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy,
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Boston, Massachusetts
Alyssa Peckham, PharmD, BCPP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College
of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
Patricia Pepa, PharmD, MS, BCPP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente,
Oakland, California
Kelly M. Percival, PharmD, BCPS AQ-ID
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy
and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa
Maribel A. Pereiras, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP
Clinical Oncology Specialist, Hackensack University Medical
Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
Golden L. Peters, PharmD
Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Division of Ambulatory
Care Pharmacy, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis,
Missouri
Kara Piechowski, PharmD, BCPS
Internal Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, WVU Medicine,
School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown,
West Virginia
Leesa Prunty, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist—Cystic Fibrosis, University
Hospitals Home Care Services & Rainbow Babies and
Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Sandra Cuellar Puri, PharmD, BCOP
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy,
Chicago, Illinois
Talia Puzantian, PharmD, BCPP
Associate Professor of Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont,
California
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 xxvi REVIEWERS
Hana Rac, PharmD
Clinical Instructor, College of Pharmacy, University of South
Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
Meenakshi R. Ramanathan, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor, Infectious Diseases, Department of
Pharmacotherapy; Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist,
UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
Erin Raney, PharmD, BCPS, BC-ADM
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of
Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
Michael Reed, PharmD, FCCP, FCP
Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmacology; Director
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Carol J. Rollins, MS, RD, PharmD, BCNSP, FASPEN, FASHP
Clinical Professor, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy,
Tucson, Arizona
Aline Saad, PharmD
Clinical Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, School of
Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
Maha Saad, PharmD, CGP, BCPS
Associate Clinical Professor, St. John’s University College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York
Claire Saadeh, PharmD, BCOP
Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Oncology, Pain Management,
Palliative Care, Ferris State University, Sparrow Health
System, Department of Pharmacy, Lansing, MI
Melissa Santibanez, PharmD
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and Administrative
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami,
Florida
JoAnne M. Saxe, DNP, RN, ANP-BC, MS
Health Sciences Clinical Professor, Department of Community
Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California
San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Jordan Sedlacek, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and Administrative
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami,
Florida
Catherine N. Shull, PA-C, MPAS
Assistant Professor, Department of Physician Assistant Studies,
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Rebecca Stone, PharmD, BCACP, BCPS
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and
Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 26
Kimberly Tallian, PharmD, BCPP, APH
Advanced Practice Pharmacist—Psychiatry and PGY2
Residency Program Director, Psychiatry Scripps Mercy
Hospital, San Diego, California
Eglis Tellez, PharmD
Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum
University, Fullerton, California
Jyothi Tirumalasetty, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, School of Medicine; Director
of Allergy Clinic, UI Health, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Shawn Turner, PharmD, BCPS, MBA
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy,
Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
Cory M. Vela, PharmD, BCOP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Precision Medicine
Adjunct Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy
University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center
Lexington, Kentucky
Kurt Wargo, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Regional Dean and Associate Professor of Pharmacy,
Hendersonville Health Sciences Center, Wingate University,
Hendersonville, North Carolina
Sarah Westberg, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Care
and Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Thomas White, JD, PA-C
Associate Professor, Physician Assistant Program, Westbrook
College of Health Professions, University of New England,
Portland, Maine
Monty Yoder, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Coordinator, Department of Pharmacy, Wake Forest
Baptist Health; Assistant Clinical Professor, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
W. Cheng Yuet, PharmD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy,
University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth,
Texas
Mary Ann Zagaria, PharmD, MS
Clinical Consultant Pharmacist in Geriatrics, MZ Associates
Inc, Portland, Maine
Yasmine Zeid, PharmD
Pharmacist, Mercy Hospital, St. Louis College of Pharmacy,
St. Louis, Missouri
David Zimmerman, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP
Assistant Professor, Division of Pharmacy Practice, School of
Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 PREFACE
E
ffective use of pharmacotherapy is vital for preventing and
treating acute and chronic medical conditions. Although
biomedical research continues to develop and provide
medications with enormous potential to improve health, these
same medications are often overused, underused, or misused,
leading to suboptimal or unsafe results. It is our responsibility
as health care practitioners to optimize positive health outcomes
and limit adverse pharmacotherapeutic effects.
Provision of high quality, cost-effective pharmacotherapy
requires an integration of scientific knowledge and clinical practice
skills combined with a fiduciary responsibility to put the patient’s
needs first. The development of mature pharmacotherapists
occurs through structured learning processes that include formal
coursework, independent study, mentorship, interprofessional
experiences, and direct involvement in the care of actual patients.
The fifth edition of Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice
is designed to provide student learners and health care
practitioners with essential knowledge of the pathophysiology
and pharmacotherapeutics of disease states likely to be
encountered in routine practice. Chapters are written by content
experts and peer reviewed by pharmacists, nurse practitioners,
physician assistants, and physicians who are authorities in their
professional disciplines.
Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice, fifth edition, opens
with an introductory chapter followed by chapters on pediatrics,
geriatrics, and palliative care. Most of the remainder of the
book consists of disease-based chapters that review disease
epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation
and diagnosis, and nonpharmacologic therapy, followed
by an emphasis on clear therapeutic recommendations for
medication selection, desired outcomes expected, dosing, and
patient monitoring. The following features were designed in
collaboration with educational design specialists to enhance
learning and retention:
• Structured learning objectives at the beginning of each
chapter, with information in the text that corresponds to
each learning objective identified by a vertical rule in the
margin, allowing the reader to quickly find content related to
each objective.
• Key concepts related to the disease, patient assessment,
and treatment highlighted with an easily identifiable icon
throughout the chapter.
• Patient encounters that facilitate development of critical
thinking skills and lend clinical relevance to the scientific
foundation provided.
• A newly designed patient care process section modeling
the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners (JCPP)
Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process that provides specific
recommendations about the process of care for an individual
Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 27
patient involving five steps: collecting information, assessing
information, developing a care plan, implementing the care
plan, and following-up: monitor and evaluate.
• Up-to-date literature citations for each chapter to support
treatment recommendations.
• Tables, figures, and algorithms that enhance understanding of
pathophysiology, clinical presentation, medication selection,
pharmacokinetics, and patient monitoring.
• Medical abbreviations and their meanings at the end of each
chapter to facilitate learning the accepted shorthand used in
real-world health care settings.
• Self-assessment questions and answers for each chapter in
the Online Learning Center to facilitate self-evaluation of
learning.
• Laboratory values expressed as both conventional units and
Système International (SI) units.
• Appendices that contain: (1) conversion factors and
anthropometrics; (2) common medical abbreviations; (3)
glossary of medical terms (the first use of each term in a
chapter appears in bold, colored font); and (4) prescription
writing principles.
• A table of common laboratory tests and reference ranges
appears on the inside covers of the book.
A companion textbook, Pharmacotherapy Principles and
Practice Study Guide: A Case-Based Care Plan Approach, is
available to further enhance learning by guiding students
through the process of applying knowledge of pharmacotherapy
to specific patient cases. This study guide contains approximately
100 patient cases that correspond to chapters published in the
textbook.
The Online Learning Center at www.ChisholmPharmaco
therapy.com provides self-assessment questions, grading and
immediate feedback on the questions, and reporting capabilities.
The complete textbook and study guide are available to subscribers
of the publisher’s AccessPharmacy site (www.accesspharmacy.
com), an online educational resource for faculty and students of
the health professions.
We are extremely grateful for the commitment and dedication
of more than 190 contributing authors and more than 100 peer
reviewers of the chapters in this new edition. We also thank the
many educators, schools/colleges, and health care institutions
that have adopted this textbook in courses or use it as a reference
in practice settings. In closing, we extend our sincere thanks to
the McGraw-Hill Education editorial team for their hard work
and commitment to bringing this new edition to our readership.
The Editors
August 2018
xx vii
05/09/18 5:00 PM
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Editors Emeriti
The following individuals were founding editors and participated in the first four editions. Their
contributions have been invaluable and are greatly appreciated:
• Barbara G. Wells, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP
• Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmD, FCCP

Original Artwork
Title: The Art of Pharmacotherapy
Cover illustration and design copyright © 2018 by Obi-Tabot Tabe, PharmD. The image is taken from an
18’ × 24’ oil painting by Obi-Tabot Tabe, PharmD, a painter, graphic designer, scientific illustrator, and
pharmacist. The painting is housed at the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy.
Dr. Tabe, originally from Cameroon, is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy.
The pharmacist scope of practice is expanding, and pharmacists are taking on a greater patient care
role in collaborative drug therapy with physicians and other healthcare professionals. The painting
depicts the collaborative relationship between the disciplines of pharmacy and medicine in the art
of pharmacotherapy. Basic dispensing functions, drug information services, solutions to patient-
and medication-related problems, and decisions regarding drug prescribing, monitoring and drug
regimen adjustments are all collaborative efforts in pharmacotherapy. The intersecting circles represent
collaboration between pharmacists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals in the art of
pharmacotherapy. The subtle greens and blues in the painting, including carbon rings and molecular
structures, represent natural and synthetic medicines. The pills (tablets and capsules) in one of the
circles represent the knowledge and expertise of the pharmacist in drug information services and drug
therapy; the stethoscope represents the clinical environment; and the pharmacokinetic curves represent
the vitality to drug monitoring and adjustments.

Special Acknowledgment
On the occasion of her retirement, we especially acknowledge the many years of dedicated service
provided by Ms. Laura Libretti, Administrative Assistant at McGraw-Hill Education.

xx viii

Chisholm_FM_pi-xxviii.indd 28 05/09/18 5:00 PM

 Part I

Basic Concepts of
Pharmacotherapy
Principles and Practices

Chisholm_Ch01_p0001-0006.indd 1 22/08/18 11:56 AM

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 1 Introduction
INTRODUCTION
H
ealth professionals are given significant responsibilities
in our health care system. These roles may be taken for
granted by patients until a pharmacist, nurse practitio-
ner, physician assistant, physician, or others perform assigned
tasks that make positive impacts upon patients and patients’
families lives in countless ways. The exemplary manner in which
health professionals provide necessary care to patients is a hall-
mark of health professional practice and delivery of US health
care. Patients are thus well served, and fellow health profession-
als share knowledge and expertise specific to their profession.
However, there are significant problems remaining in the US
health care system from a structural standpoint. In 2016, the
United States spent 17.2% of the gross domestic product (GDP)
on health care,1 yet the United States ranks 37th in the world
when considering outcomes of care. Comparing the United
States to similar industrialized countries, we rank 11th out of 11
comparator countries, and have poorer health outcomes.2 The
reasons for why the United States compares poorly with other
countries will be discussed in the following paragraphs.
Tremendous uncertainty surrounds the current health care
system in the United States. Efforts to repeal and replace the
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) have failed
at the US Congressional level. Bipartisan calls for improving the
current ACA have met with both encouragement and disdain,
depending upon the point of view of those speaking. Regardless
of the form of health care delivery and insurance for such, the
very bright note to point out is the realization of the excellence
of the delivery and outcomes of care provided by US health
care professionals. Health professionals improve the health of
Americans daily through many efforts and accomplishments.
A significant issue in the United States is that countless other
Americans in our midst are underinsured. They may have partial
coverage after a fashion, but, for these Americans, the high price of
deductibles, co-pays, and monthly payments for insurance create
an economic dilemma each time they seek care or pay premiums.
In a comprehensive report from Kalorama Information,3 it was
noted that consumer out-of-pocket health care costs have risen
from $250 per year in 1980 to over $1400 in 2016. It was also
noted in this report that those in less comprehensive health care
coverage insurance plans have delays in treatment, which lead to
increasing costs in the long term. Recently, Howard Bauchner,
MD, the editor-in-chief of JAMA and The JAMA Network, has
called for health professionals and professional organizations to
speak with one voice and support health care coverage as a right
for all.4
Recent US Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) expenditure
data projections posit that, in 2025 in the United States, a total of
$4.72 trillion will be spent on health care.5 The projection for
spending on prescription drugs in 2025 is estimated to total
$1.7 billion.6
Chisholm_Ch01_p0001-0006.indd 3
Jack E. Fincham
There are tremendous opportunities for health professionals
due to the implementation of outcome measures (clinical,
economic, humanistic) via the ACA. For the first time in the
structure of the US health care system there is now a tangible,
significant effort to enhance the quality and outcomes of health
care delivered.
The use of medications in the health care system provides
enormous help to many; lives are saved or enhanced, and
lifespans are lengthened. Many other uses of medications lead to
significant side effects, worsening states of health, and premature
deaths. So, how to separate these disparate pictures of drug use
outcomes? You, within your practices and within your networks
in the health care workplace, can help to promote the former
and diminish the latter. The authors of the chapters in this book
have written informative, current, and superb chapters that can
empower you to positively influence medication use.
DRUG USE IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Prescription medications are used daily; 48.5% of the population
uses one prescription drug daily, 21.7% use three or more drugs
daily, and 10.6% use five or more prescription drugs daily.7
Problems occurring with the use of drugs can include:
• Medication errors
• Suboptimal drug, dose, regimen, dosage form, and duration
of use
• Unnecessary drug therapy
• Therapeutic duplication
• Drug–drug, drug–disease, drug–food, or drug–nutrient
interactions
• Drug allergies
• Adverse drug effects, some of which are preventable.
Clinicians are often called upon to resolve problems that
occur due to undertreatment, overtreatment, or inappropriate
treatment. Individuals can purchase medications through
numerous outlets. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can
be purchased virtually anywhere. OTCs are widely used by
all age groups. Prescription medications can be purchased
through traditional channels (community chain and independent
pharmacies), from mail-order pharmacies, through the Internet,
from physicians, from health care institutions, and elsewhere.
Herbal remedies are marketed and sold in numerous outlets. The
monitoring of the positive and negative outcomes of the use of
these drugs, both prescription and OTC, can be disjointed and
incomplete. Clinicians and health professionals need to take
ownership of these problems and improve patient outcomes
resulting from drug use.
Although clinicians are the gatekeepers for patients to obtain
prescription drugs, patients obtain prescription medications
from numerous sources. Patients may also borrow from friends,
3
22/08/18 11:56 AM
 4 PART I | BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
relatives, or even casual acquaintances. In addition, patients obtain
OTC medications from physicians through prescriptions, on
advice from pharmacists and other health professionals, through
self-selection, or through the recommendations of friends or
acquaintances. Through all of this, it must be recognized that
there are both formal (structural) and informal (word-of-mouth)
components at play. Health professionals may or may not be
consulted regarding the use of medications, and, in some cases,
are unaware of the drugs patients are taking.
External variables may greatly influence patients and their
drug-taking behaviors. Coverage for prescribed drugs allows
those with coverage to obtain medications with varying cost
sharing requirements. However, many do not have insurance
coverage for drugs or other health-related needs.
Self-Medication
Self-medication can be broadly defined as a decision made by
a patient to consume a drug with or without the approval or
direction of a health professional. The self-medication activities
of patients have increased dramatically in the late 20th and early
21st centuries. Many factors affecting patients have continued
to fuel this increase in self-medication. There have been many
prescription items switched to OTC classification in the last
50 years, which is dramatically and significantly fueling the
rapid expansion of OTC drug usage. In addition, patients are
increasingly comfortable with self-diagnosing and self-selection
of OTC remedies.
Through the rational use of drugs, patients may avoid more
costly therapies or expenditures for other professional services.
Self-limiting conditions, and even some chronic health conditions
(eg, allergies and dermatologic conditions), if appropriately
treated through patient self-medication, allow the patient to have
a degree of autonomy in health care decisions.
Compliance Issues
Noncompliance with prescription regimens is one of the most
understated problems in the health care system. Approximately
10% of initial prescriptions written by physicians are never
filled.8 Reasons can include trying too soon to obtain a new
prescription, prior approval requirements, the prescribed drug
may not be covered under the patient’s insurance, and so on.
The effects of noncompliance have enormous ramifications for
patients, caregivers, and health professionals. Noncompliance
is a multifaceted problem with a need for interprofessional,
multidisciplinary solutions. Interventions that are organizational
(how clinics are structured), educational (patient counseling,
supportive approach), and behavioral (impacting health beliefs
and expectations) are necessary. Compliant behavior can be
enhanced through your actions with the patients for whom
you provide care. Sometimes what is necessary is referral to
specific clinicians for individualized treatment and monitoring
to enhance compliance. The case histories provided in this
textbook will allow you to follow what others have done in
similar situations to optimally help patients succeed in improving
compliance rates and subsequent positive health outcomes.
Drug Use by the Elderly
The major source of payment for prescription drugs for those
aged 65 years and older in the United States is the Medicare Part D
Drug Benefit. Seniors have benefitted tremendously from this
component. Estimates place the expenditure for Medicare Part D
to be $94 billion in 2017; this is 15.6% of Medicare expenditures.9
Chisholm_Ch01_p0001-0006.indd 4
Since the inception of Medicare Part D, recipients have had to pay
costs after initial minimum threshold amounts are reached, then
enter the so-called “donut hole” requiring payment out of pocket
until a certain amount would be paid, and then coverage for
payment would ensue. This so-called donut hole closes in 2020,
which will provide more benefits for more enrollees. Enhanced
use of pharmacoeconomic tenets to select appropriate therapy,
while considering cost and therapeutic benefits for seniors and
others, will become even more crucial for clinicians in the future.
Unnecessary drug therapy and over medication are problems
with drug use in the elderly. Cost estimates are projected to be
$1.3 billion per year for elderly patient polypharmacy alone.10 A
joint effort by health professionals working together is the best
approach to aiding seniors in achieving optimal drug therapy.
Evaluation of all medications taken by seniors at each patient visit
can help prevent polypharmacy from occurring.
IMPACTING THE PROBLEMS OF DRUG USE
Medication Errors
There is a tremendous opportunity in medication use and
monitoring for working to reduce medication errors. Untold
morbidity and mortality occur due to the many errors in medication
use. Studies have shown that reconciling the medications that
patients take, with coordination by various caregivers providing
care, can help reduce medication errors in patient populations.8
The incorporation of three key interventions—computerized
physician order entry (CPOE), additional staffing, and bar
coding—has been shown in an institutional setting to help reduce
medication errors.11
Avoiding Prescribing Cascades
Prescribing cascades occur in health care when the side effect
from a medication is interpreted as a new condition, and a second
drug is prescribed to “treat” the side effect. Prescribing cascades
are important because they can be prevented.12
Impacting the Opioid Crisis
The use and misuse of prescription opioid analgesic medications
are at an all-time high and are increasing, and the negative
consequences of this epidemic are many.13 According to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 91 Americans
die daily from an opioid overdose, including prescription opioids
and heroin.14 The opioid crisis is not limited to the United
States; it is a North American crisis as well, with the Canadian
government providing funding to address the problem.14,15 The
CDC has published and promoted prescribing guidelines to
help stem inappropriate prescribing of opioids for chronic
pain.16 Health professionals will play a vital role in reversing this
epidemic and enhancing the health of many and society as well.
SUMMARY
Health professionals are at a crucial juncture facing an uncertain,
yet promising future. The skills and knowledge that enable
effective practice have never been more daunting among the
numerous health professions. Technology can further empower
health professionals to play an effective role in helping patients
and fellow health professionals to practice safe and effective
medicine. Health care reform has the potential to dramatically
impact your practices in the health care system for the length of
your careers.
22/08/18 11:56 AM

The use of this text, which incorporates materials written
by the finest minds in pharmacy practice and education, can
enable the reader to play a crucial role in improving the drug use
process for patients, providers, payers, and society. The thorough
analysis of common disease states, discussion of therapies to treat
these conditions, and specific advice for patients will help you in
your practices. The purpose of this book is to help you make a
real improvement in the therapies you provide to your patients.
Current and future clinicians can rely on the information laid
out here to enhance your knowledge and allow you to assist your
patients with the sound advice that they expect you to provide.
Use the text, case histories, and numerous examples here to
expand your therapeutic skills and to help positively impact your
patients in the years to come.
You can help reverse medication-related problems, improve
outcomes of care both clinically and economically, and enable
drug use to meet stated goals and objectives. This text provides
a thorough analysis and summary of treatment options for
commonly occurring diseases and the medications or alternative
therapies used to successfully treat these conditions.
REFERENCES
1. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
Paris, France; OECD Health Statistics. Available from: http://stats.
oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA. Updated June 2017.
Accessed November 3, 2017.
2. Schneider EC, Sarnak DO, Squires D, Shah A, Doty MM. Mirror,
Mirror 2017: International Comparison Reflects Flaws and
Opportunities for Better U.S. Health Care, The Commonwealth
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3. Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures in the United States.
Rockville, MD: Kalorama Information; April, 2017.
4. Bauchner H. Health care in the United States: a right or a
privilege. JAMA. 2017;317(1):29.
5. National Health Expenditure (NHE) Data. United States
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Kaiser Family Foundation. Available from http://www.kff.org/
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considerations. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2017;10(2):79–86.
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in 2015. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Boy Scout
pathfinders
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
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Title: The Boy Scout pathfinders

Author: George Durston

Release date: July 11, 2022 [eBook #68497]

Language: English

Original publication: United States: The Saalfield Publishing

Company, 1921

Credits: Roger Frank, Al Haines and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOY

SCOUT PATHFINDERS ***
THE BOY SCOUT PATHFINDERS

TWELVE VOLUMES
THE BOY SCOUTS ON THE TRAIL
THE BOY SCOUTS AFLOAT
THE BOY SCOUTS IN CAMP
THE BOY SCOUTS TO THE RESCUE
THE BOY SCOUT FIREFIGHTERS
THE BOY SCOUT PATHFINDERS
THE BOY SCOUT AUTOMOBILISTS
THE BOY SCOUT AVIATORS
THE BOY SCOUTS’ CHAMPION RECRUIT
THE BOY SCOUTS’ DEFIANCE
THE BOY SCOUTS’ CHALLENGE
THE BOY SCOUTS’ VICTORY
They sent the message quickly, accurately.
THE BOY SCOUT PATHFINDERS
By
GEORGE DURSTON

THE SAALFIELD PUBLISHING COMPANY

Chicago AKRON, OHIO New York
Made in U. S. A.
 Copyright, 1921
By
The Saalfield Publishing Co.
 CHAPTER I
THE IRON BOX
Two members of any staff, even though they are only boys,
cannot disappear as though the earth had swallowed them without a
suspicion of foul play.
In the office above the chamber which had witnessed the stirring
events narrated in “The Boy Scout Firefighters,” in which both Beany
and Porky Potter had been actors, there had been great anxiety.
When General Pershing received the report, he at once sent couriers
and scouts to every station where the boys might have gone. The
sentries one and all declared that the boys had not been seen
outside of the building. This resulted in a combing out of every
cranny that could possibly hold a boy alive or dead.
The hours dragged on. There was a continual passing to and fro
for hours until at last there seemed to be absolutely nothing more to
do until morning. The tired staff threw themselves into the office
chairs, while the General, at the typewriter, commenced a letter. Out
of respect to him, there was a complete silence in the room.
On and on clicked the typewriter while the waiting men dozed or
smoked or thought of home.
“What’s that?” said one of them suddenly, listening intently.
The General stopped writing and looked at the speaker.
“What’s what?” questioned a captain, frowning.
“That tapping,” said the first speaker. “Sounds like code.”
“You have been asleep,” said the captain, grinning.
“I hear it,” said the General.
There was a general gathering up of forces, as the whole room
tried to place the faint, monotonous tapping.
“The call for help!” said the first speaker triumphantly. “I knew I
heard it. The code is my native language almost. It sounds as though
some one was calling from below the floor.”
“Send an answer, Lieutenant Reed!” ordered the General.
The young officer obeyed, while his hearers listened breathlessly.
Tap-tap went the spurred heel, dash and dot, dash and dot in many
combinations.
The reply followed swiftly. The Lieutenant, rather pale, turned to
the General. “It’s the boys!” he reported. “They are together, in a
closed chamber,—a dungeon, I take it—right below us. They are in
danger. Don’t say what. Something about spies and dynamite. Want
help instantly.”
“How?” asked the General.
“There’s a secret door in the oak panel in the hall. They gave
directions for opening it.”
“Go at once, six of you—you six nearest the door!” The officers
designated rose.
“Rush!” said Lieutenant Reed crisply. For the moment he was in
command. He alone knew how to open the panel. They hurried
outside, where Reed felt swiftly but carefully in the place described
by Porky. Twice he went over the heavy carving, pushing here and
there unavailingly. Then without a sound the secret door opened and
before any one could enter the passage that yawned in inky
blackness before them, there was a rush of running feet and the two
boys, carrying Beany’s coat between them, bolted into the hall.
Porky made a motion for silence, and listened.
There was no sound.
“Somebody chased us!” he panted. “Somebody was close behind
us in the dark!”
“Men?” asked an officer in an excited whisper.
Porky wanted to say “No, sir, rabbits!” but he knew that every one
felt nervous and edgy and, besides, he did not want to be
disrespectful to the officer who had spoken.
“They came in through the other door,” he said. “A door at the
other end of the passage that is on the other side of the two big
rooms down below there.”
“Let’s go down,” said one of the men, loosening his revolver.
“Please don’t try it!” begged Beany. “We could never get down
without light and then they would have the drop on us. It’s no use
now. Besides, they could go out of that outside door without the least
trouble after they had shot us all up.”
 “The kid is right,” said Lieutenant Reed. “He knows how the land
lies down there. Come up to the General, boys, and make a report.
He will tell us what he wants done.”
Sliding the panel shut, the Lieutenant called a guard and, leaving
the hallway patrolled by a couple of stalwart Americans, the group
surrounding the two boys entered the office and saluted the General.
General Pershing bent his serious, keen gaze on the boys, then a
bright, sudden smile lighted the strong, handsome face that had
grown sad and still in the troubled, anxious months at the front.
“Always up to something, boys,” he said. “Well, your friend the
Colonel warned me how it would be. Now suppose you tell me all
about it.”
Beany with a sigh of relief lifted his blouse and deposited it on the
table. It struck the surface with a clank and as he pulled the cloth
away a regular flood of gold pieces covered the papers where the
General had been writing.
“Part of the story, sir,” said Beany. And then talking together, or
taking turns, as the spirit moved them, the boys pieced out the
account of their adventures. The part that Beany kept harking back
to was the presence of the prisoners in the big room. He described
carefully and accurately the appearance of the young soldier and
told as well as he could about the limp, unconscious girl who had
been carried out into the dark garden. Beany shuddered as he
spoke.
“I am sure the girl was dead, sir. She laid there for hours, I guess,
and she never moved at all, never batted an eyelash. And she was
white.... I never saw anybody so white. It was as though all her blood
had been drained out of her.”
“Was she wounded?” asked the General.
“She must have been, sir,” answered Beany. “I saw blood, just a
little of it running down her wrist under her sleeve. She had nice
clothes on, and I had a hunch all the time that I ought to know who
she was; but I couldn’t tell. Wish we knew what they did with them.
When it comes light, General, I can show you just where the door is.
I am sure I know where it opens.”
 “It is light now,” said the General, pointing to the window. Every
one looked. Sure enough, the whole sky was a mass of pale gold
and pink and greenish blue, as lovely and soft and joyous as though
the distant rumble of the big guns was not shaking the casement as
they spoke. It was light; morning had come.
The General ordered coffee and rolls and insisted on both boys
eating something. They were tired and heavy eyed but excited at the
thought of unraveling perhaps a little more of the mystery of the past
night.
When at last the General dismissed them with a few terse orders,
they sped ahead of their escort through the silent garden, fearless
and curious and unconscious of the careful marksmen who followed,
protecting each foot of their advance.
Beany had spoken the truth. With the sureness of a young hound
he took his way through a wilderness of stones and bricks and
beams and plaster through the tangled, torn old garden, and round
to a spot marked by what seemed to be a clump of dense bushes
like low growing lilacs. Approaching this, Beany parted the branches
and peered in. Then he drew back with a cry of horror.
“Look!” he whispered.
It was indeed the ambush set over the outside entrance to the
dungeons. Down in the depths of the hole that yawned under the
encircling bushes something was tumbled in a pitiful, distorted heap.
Eagerly a half dozen men leaped down and with careful hands
straightened out the two forms lying in the bloody ooze. One after
the other they were lifted to the surface.
The man was quite dead but the girl still lived, though breathing
feebly.
Placing her on an improvised stretcher, a couple of the men
hurried away with her to the hospital while a couple more knelt
beside the dead boy and searched carefully through his torn and
blood-stained clothing for papers, letters—anything that could be
used as clues to his identity. There was not a scrap left to guide
them. The young officer’s pockets had been turned inside out. Even
the hems in his tunic and breeches had been slit and the soles had
been torn from his shoes. If there had been papers of any sort
secreted about him, they were gone—carried away by the ruthless
hands that had slain him.
Leaving a guard beside the body, the others leaped boldly into the
shallow pit and lifted the heavy bar which held the massive nail-
studded oaken door. It opened inward, and Beany led the way
through the passage into the chamber where he had sat bound,
gagged and waiting for the relentless hands of the clock to reach the
moment of his doom. He showed the device, and then, lighting the
stubs of candles, they went into the inner room. The dungeons were
dark as midnight, even in the clear morning light.
A careful search was made of the rooms. They stamped on the
floors, rapped on the walls with pistol butts, ripped up the silken
covers and the thick mattresses, but found nothing. The men finally
stopped their search, and gathered in a group around the massive
table. Beany, sitting on the edge of the table, jounced up and down
and thought that he had never seen a piece of furniture quite so
solid. He took out a penknife and tried to whittle the edge but the
keen blade scarcely made an impression on the ironwood seasoned
for ages. Porky, watching his brother, listened to the conversation.
“Somewhere down here there is a hiding place for papers or
money, or perhaps both,” said one of the officers, a keen-faced,
thoughtful man, studying the room as he could see it in the flickering
light of the two candles which, now burned down to the merest stubs,
afforded a dim, uncertain light.
“We have given it a pretty thorough combing over,” said another
officer, frowning.
“I can’t help it,” stubbornly answered the other. “It is in just such
places as this where valuable secrets are often hidden.”
“What about the dynamite?” demanded some one else. “It does
not seem as though they would hide anything of any value to
themselves in a spot that they were willing to blow up.”
“A bomb that size would not have wrecked this room. Did you
notice the thickness of the walls?”
The talk went on while Beany whittled and pried away
industriously at the table edge. He found a crack in the wood and
pried his knife blade into that. The blade entered in a tantalizing
manner, slipped smoothly along, then struck metal. Beany pushed.
Porky, who was watching, came closer and peered down the crack.
Beany pushed harder, pushed as hard as he could, and suddenly felt
himself flung off the table as the big top flew up and hurled him
aside.
Powerful springs had opened the two heavy slabs of oak that
formed the table. Two pieces now stood open like a pair of doors and
within lay a long, flat box which completely filled the space. The box
was of iron, heavily barred and padlocked. Four soldiers pried it from
its place and, escorted by the whole party, it was carried to General
Pershing, still working at his desk.
Once more the boys had unearthed a mystery.
 CHAPTER II
THE CELLAR’S SECRET
Porky and Beany were too tired to care what happened next and,
taking quick advantage of a brief smile and nod of dismissal from the
General, they made their way to their quarters and soon were as
sound asleep as though they were lying on the softest down. They
slept and slept, losing all track of time, and by the General’s orders
were undisturbed. When they finally woke, really wide awake, they
found that a whole day and a night had passed since the early dawn
when they had staggered off to bed.
They woke at the same instant, as was their habit, and sitting bolt
upright, stared unblinkingly at the young officer sitting at the window
writing.
“Morning, Lieutenant,” said Porky, rubbing his eyes.
“What’s the time, sir?” said Beany, looking curiously at his wrist
watch.
“Yours stopped too?” asked Porky. “Mine has. Funny!”
“Not so very funny,” said Lieutenant Parker, closing his writing
tablet. “You have been asleep since yesterday morning, and I
imagine the watches ran down.”
“Yesterday morning!” gasped Porky. “Why didn’t some one call
us?”
“General’s orders,” said the Lieutenant. He laughed, “Gee, I wish
he would order me to bed for a week. You can bet I would go!”
“Well, it makes me mad to sleep like this,” said Porky in irritation.
“What all have we missed, anyhow?”
“Nothing much,” said the Lieutenant. “The biggest drive of the war
is on and to-morrow General Pershing with his staff will make the trip
along the front line trenches. I hope he counts me in on that.”
“You liked to be in the trenches, didn’t you?” asked Porky,
stooping to lace his puttees.
 “You are right I did,” said Lieutenant Parker, wrinkling his smooth
young forehead. “I came over to fight, and it was just my luck to get
this measly scratch on my head, and blamed if they didn’t put me
here in this office doing paper work!”
“Well, you got to give your skull time to get well, haven’t you?”
asked Beany. “It was cracked, wasn’t it?”
“No, just a piece scooped out of it,” said the Lieutenant in a bored
tone.
The boys grinned. Lieutenant Parker was one of the best friends
they had, and they had learned that nothing teased him like being
quizzed about the deep, palpitating scar that creased his dark head,
the truth being that he had received the wound in an encounter that
had won him the coveted French war cross with the palms. Porky
and Beany considered modesty in others little less than a sin. They
were always so thirsty for tales of blood and glory that they could not
see why any one should hesitate to tell every possible detail of any
adventure. It happened, strangely enough, that they did not apply the
same rule to their own conduct. To get details out of the Potter twins
was, as their own father said, like drawing nails out of a green oak
board, accompanied by screeches of protest. The boys had had the
Lieutenant’s story, however, and they harked back to the news of the
day.
“I am going on that hike,” said Porky, standing up and stamping
himself comfortably into his clothes.
“So’m I,” said his brother, likewise stamping.
“Try for something else, kid,” said the Lieutenant. “You can’t get in
on this. It is strictly staff.”
“Watch me!” said young Porky, the cocksure. He hurried to the
door and disappeared, while Beany, a trifle slower in his dressing,
roared, “Wait for me!”
A muttered response of some sort was the only satisfaction given.
Beany grinned. “He is always so sudden!” he complained,
addressing the Lieutenant.
“Might as well stay here until he comes back. I never like to butt in
on Porky’s talky-talks. He most generally knows what he wants to
say, and he don’t need any help in getting it out of his system. I
certainly hope we can go with the General. You are always yelling
about that old silver plate you have on your topknot. Look at us:
seems like we just can’t get into a trench. Honest Injun, I’m so sick of
this old chateau—”
“I never did see such a pair!” said Lieutenant Parker. “Didn’t you
have enough of an adventure the other night to last you two or three
days?”
He was going on, when Porky burst into the room. He threw up his
hat.
“Better, much better than I ever hoped,” he crowed.
“Hand it out!” demanded Beany anxiously.
“Why, I was going to give the General a great line of talk, and I
didn’t have a chance to do a thing but salute. He was talking to a
French officer and the minute he went out, the General just said, ‘All
right to-day, young man?’ I said, ‘Yes, sir,’ and he said, ‘No time to
talk! Report in the courtyard to-morrow morning five-thirty, field
equipment, for special duty with my staff.’
“I saluted again and turned to come out, and the General said,
‘Potter, this is in the way of a reward for that little affair in the
dungeons,’ and I said, ‘Thank you, sir, but the pleasure was all ours,
sir,’ and he said, ‘No, not quite all; because some of the papers you
unearthed WILL HELP TO TURN THE TIDE.’ How’s that, old Beans,
will help to turn the tide. Gosh! you did it with your little penknife,
didn’t you?”
“Well, never mind that,” said Beany, wriggling. “Don’t you know
anything about this trip to-morrow?”
“Nary word,” said Porky, “but why should we worry? Main fact is
clear, we are going to be among those present.”
The boys spent a restless day getting their traveling equipment in
order and taking it apart again to put it together in some way they
fancied would make an eighth of an inch difference in some of its
dimensions. They strutted a little perhaps. It was truly a wonderful
thing to go with General Pershing on a trip of that sort. They
marveled at their good luck.
That good luck had hinged entirely on their ability to keep their
own counsel. That desire some have to tell all they know, a lot that
they guess, and a few things that they fear, did not exist in the Potter
twins. They could keep a secret without being told to, and that’s
some test. Whatever they overheard was safe. When they saw
things that were not intended for their eyes, they ignored them, or
made an effort to forget all about them. This high sense of what was
honorable and right was noticed immediately by the General as well
as by others whom they met daily.
So they spent the long day patting each other on the back, and
wondering at their great good fortune.
They kept closely to the rooms frequented by the officers. As
Porky pointed out to his brother, there was one old lady at least who
was not wasting any love on them, and they didn’t want to give her a
chance to turn a key on them and spoil all their fun. They had at
least gained a little caution, but how very little the trip was going to
show.
It was barely five next morning when Porky and Beany, like two
shadows, slipped from their quarters and went silently down to the
courtyard. Several automobiles stood ready, heavily guarded, and a
couple of mechanics were busily tightening nuts and testing various
parts of the machinery. No one spoke. The boys crossed the open
space, and in accordance with an agreement made previously, sat
down back to back on a ledge of the broken fountain. They were
taking no risks of surprise or attack from the rear. Silently the
minutes passed. The steady tramp of the sentries and the grating of
metal on metal as the mechanics worked quietly on the cars made
so little sound that distant noises were loud and acute.
The guns of the enemy had been silent for twelve hours. Even
Porky and Beany sensed something big and terrible in the air.
“Want to bet something?” asked Porky, poking his brother with a
backhand jab in the ribs.
He never found out whether Beany was game to bet or not for the
door of the chateau opened and a group of officers came out.
General Pershing led the group. The boys leaped to salute, the
sentries stopped and presented arms. Even the mechanics
straightened to their feet. There was perfect quiet, however, and five
minutes later they started away full speed in the darkness. On and
on they went, passing first through a country which showed very little