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npÊS>V Q>moS>a_b ñ_maH$ Q´>ñQ>
E-4, ~mnyZJa, O`nwa - 302015
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_| H$ht MyH$ J`m hmoD±$, Vmo gwYr nmR>H$ Ü`mZmH${f©V H$amZo H$s H¥$nm H$a|JoŸ&
narjm_wI na ì`m»`m H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² H$amZo dmbo h_| O¡ZÝ`m` H$m
AÜ``Z AnZo Jwéda AmXaUr` lr ZaoÝÐHw$_ma Or {^grH$a emñÌr,
_hm_{h_monmÜ`m`, gmobmnwa Ho$ nmg ^oOm; {OÝhm|Zo Bg ì`m»`m H$m`© H$mo
gyú_Vm go XoIm, EVXW© h_ CZHo$ H¥$Vk h¢Ÿ& _m{UŠ`ZpÝX Ho$ H$mb{ZYm©aU d
{d{^Þ ñWbm| na npÊS>V lr hrambmbOr emór, lr CX`MÝÐOr O¡Z d
Am{`©H$m {OZ_VrOr Ho$ boIZ H$m`© H$m gh`moJ {b`m h¡, AV: h_ CZHo$ ^r
Am^mar h¢Ÿ& gmW hr {OZ bmoJm| Zo àË`j-namoj gh`moJ {X`m h¡, CZHo$ à{V
Am^ma Ho$ gmW • • S>m°. `moJoe MÝÐ O¡Z
AZoH$mÝV \$m_m©. AbrJ§O (EQ>m) C.à.
›
narjm_wI
àW_ n[aÀN>oX
_§JbmMaU •
à_mUmXW©g§{g{ÕñVXm^mgm{Ûn``©`:Ÿ&
B{V dú`o V`mobú© _ {gÕ_ën§ bKr`g:Ÿ&&
íbmoH$mW© • à_mU go AW© H$s {g{Õ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a à_mUm^mg go
{dn`©` AWm©V² AW© H$s {g{Õ Zht hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AV: CZ XmoZm| à_mU Am¡a
à_mUm^mg H$m bjU Omo nydm©Mm`m] Ûmam H${WV h¡, Cgo Aën~w{Õdmbm|
Ho$ {bE H$hÿ±JmŸ&
ì`m»`m • ""à`moOZ§ {dZm _ÝXmo@{n Z àdV©Vo'' AWm©V² à`moOZ Ho$
{~Zm Vmo _ÝX~w{Õdmbm ^r {H$gr H$m`© _| àd{V©V Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bgr
H$maU AmMm`© _m{UŠ`ZÝXr Zo J«ÝW aMZm H$m gd©àW_ à`moOZ ~Vbm`m
h¡; Š`m|{H$ emó H$m à`moOZ OmZH$a d CgHo$ \$b àm{á H$s Amem go
hr {dÛX²JU Cg H$m`© _| àd¥Îm hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
g§gma Ho$ g^r Ordm| H$s g^r H$m`m] _| àd¥{Îm H$m _yb à`moOZ d
CgH$m \$b Vmo gwI H$s àm{á d Xw:I Ho$ n[ahma _| {Z{hV h¡Ÿ& à`moOZ Xmo
àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡ • gmjmV² à`moOZ d naånam à`moOZŸ& "à_mU' go
AW© H$s {g{Õ H$mo naånam\$b d gmjmV²\$b H$mo "dú`o' eãX go H$hH$a
à_mU d à_mUm^mg _| {ZnwUVm hmoH$a AkmZ{Zd¥{Îm ~Vbm`m h¡Ÿ&
"à_mUmXW©g§{g{Õ:' Ho$ à_mUmV² nX go gyÌH$ma Zo EH$dMZ H$m
{ZX}e {X`m h¡, Cggo gm_mÝ` d {deof bjUm| H$m AÝV^m©d g_PZm
Mm{hE VWm à_mU nX H$V©¥, H$aU d ^md gmYZ _| à`wº$ h¡; H$maU {H$
10 narjm_wI
Ðì` Am¡a n`m©`| XmoZm| nañna H$W§{MV² ^oXm^oXmË_H$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& ì`mH$aU
H$s {Zé{º$`m| Ho$ AmYma na à_mU eãX H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ {H$ "à{__rVo'
AWm©V² OmZm{V B{V à_mU§ AWm©V² AnZo Am¡a na Ho$ J«hU H$aZo _|
n[aUV hþAm Omo Ord h¡, dhr à_mU eãX H$m gmam§eê$n h¡Ÿ& Omo AnZr
AmË_m H$mo OmZVm h¡ dhr à_mU h¡, Cggo hr AW© H$s {g{Õ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
à`moOZdmbo ì`{º$ {Ogo MmhVo h¢, Cgo AW© H$hVo h¢, dh CnmXo` d ho`
ê$n Xmo àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& nXmW©kmZ hmoZm BgH$m Zm_ {g{Õ h¡Ÿ&
à`moOZ H$s gƒr {g{Õ H$mo "AW©g§{g{Õ' H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
"VXm^mgmV² {dn`©`:' AWm©V² ñd-na à_o` H$m ñdê$n à{V^m{gV
H$aZodmbo à_mU Ho$ g_mZ Omo _mby_ n‹S>o, dh VXm^mg H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
dh VXm^mg AWm©V² à_mUm^mg AZoH$ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BZ à_mUm-
^mgm| go ñdJ©-_moj H$m {dnarV kmZ hr hmoVm h¡, VWm Bg bmoH$ _| ^r
gwI-Xw:I Ho$ gmYZ^yV nXmWm] H$m gË`kmZ-àm{á Am{X ê$n {g{Õ`m±
Zht hmoVr h¢Ÿ&
íbmoH$ _| à_mUnX nhbo J«hU hþAm h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh _w»` h¡, gå`½kmZ
_moj H$m H$maU hmoZo go g^r nwéfmWm] _| Cn`moJr h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m {ddoMZ
J«ÝWH$ma H$m _yb CÔoí` h¡Ÿ& gmW hr à_mU Am¡a Aà_mU H$m {ddoH$ ^oX
^r à_mU kmZ go hr hmoVm h¡, VXm^mg go _moj-gmYZ H$m kmZ BË`m{X
ê$n H$m`© Zht hmoVm h¡, AV: dh Jm¡U h¡Ÿ&
"B{V' Aì`` nX hoVw AW© _| à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& nwéfmW© H$s {g{Õ Am¡a
A{g{Õ _| H$maU hmoZm `h "B{V' eãX H$m ^md h¡Ÿ&
à_mU H$m bjU •
ñdmnydm©Wì© `dgm`mË_H§$ kmZ§ à_mU_²Ÿ&&1&&
gyÌmW© • "ñd' AWm©V² AnZo AmnH$mo Am¡a "Anydm©W©' AWm©V² {Ogo
{H$gr AÝ` à_mU go OmZm Zht h¡, Eogo nXmW© H$m {ZíM` H$aZodmbo
kmZ H$mo à_mU H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± à_mU Ho$ bjU _| nm±M {deofU XoH$a bjU Ho$
VrZ Xmofm| go a{hV AÝ`_Vm| Ho$ bjU H$m {ZagZ H$aVo hþE à_mU H$m
àW_ n[aÀN>oX 11
gm_mÝ` ñdê$n àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& à_mU Ho$ nm±M {deofUm| H$m gH$maU
d¡{eï²>` àñVwV h¡Ÿ&
à_mU H$m _yb AmYma Vmo kmZ hr h¡; AV: à_mU Ho$ gmW kmZ H$mo
aIm h¡Ÿ& kmZ H$m à`ËZ H¡$gm hmo ? `h ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE kmZ Ho$ nhbo
"ì`dgm`mË_H§$' nX aIm h¡Ÿ& kmZ Ho$ à`ËZ H$m {df` H$ht H$ënZmbmoH$
Z ~Z gHo$, dñVw-OJV aho, BgHo$ {bE ì`dgm` Ho$ nyd© "AW©' nX {X`m
h¡Ÿ& kmZ H$m {df` dñVw-OJV hmoZo na ^r H$ht Cg_| {nï>nofU Z hmoVm
aho, AV… Bg Xmof go ~MZo Ho$ {bE "Anyd©' eãX aIm h¡Ÿ& ~mø dñVw-
OJV H$s ImoO _| ñd`§ hr Z Imo OmdoŸ& ~mø OmZH$mar Ho$ _moh _| H$ht
ñd`§ go hr AOmZ Z ah OmdoŸ& "ñd' ^r EH$ dñVw h¡Ÿ& AV: gd©àW_
CgH$m ^r kmZ hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡, Bgr{bE gyÌ Ho$ Am{X _| hr "ñd'
nX aIm h¡Ÿ& O¡ZXe©Z _| Bg nX H$m AË`{YH$ _hÎd h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ kmZ
{~Zm CËnÞ hþAm kmZ "à_mU' H$s H$mo{Q> _| hr Zht h¡Ÿ& AV: "ñd'
eãX gyÌ H$m {ga_m¡a h¡Ÿ&
BgVah gyÌ H$m àË`oH$ eãX gmW©H$ d na_V H$m IÊS>Z H$aZo _|
gj_ h¡Ÿ& Bg_| kmZ nX Vmo Z¡`m{`H$m| Ho$ g{ÞH$f© d d¡eo{fH$m| Ho$
H$maH$-gmH$ë`dmX H$m IÊS>Z H$aVm h¡Ÿ& "ì`dgm`mË_H$' ~m¡Õm| Ho$
{Z{d©H$ëndmX H$m VWm "AW©" nX {dkmZmÛ¡VdmX {MÌmÛ¡VdmX H$m "Anyd'©
nX Ymamdm{hH$ kmZ H$m VWm "ñd' nX go kmZ H$mo gd©Wm namoj _mZZo
dmbo _r_m§gH$ VWm AÝ` kmZ go Cgo J«mhH$ _mZZodmbo Z¡`m{`H$m| Ho$
H$maH$gmH$ë` d d¡eo{fH$m| Ho$ g{ÞH$f©dmX H$m IÊS>Z H$aHo$ àË`oH$ nX
ñdV: gj_ {gÕ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
A~ H«$_mJV {deofUm| H$m {ddoMZ gyÌH$ma {dñVma go Xo aho h¢ •
à_mU-bjU _| kmZ {deofU H$s gmW©H$Vm •
{hVm{hVàm{án[ahmag_Wª {h à_mU§ VVmo kmZ_od VV²Ÿ&&2&&
gyÌmW© • {hV (gwI) H$s àm{á Am¡a A{hV (XwI) Ho$ n[ahma _|
g_W© à_mU h¡Ÿ& dh à_mU ñdê$n go ñdrH$m`© dñVw kmZ hr hmoZo Ho$
`mo½` h¡, AkmZ ê$n g{ÞH$fm©{XH$ Zht h¡Ÿ&
12 narjm_wI
ì`m»`m • gwI Am¡a gwI Ho$ gmYZm| H$mo {hV H$hVo h¢, XwI Am¡a
XwI Ho$ gmYZm| H$mo A{hV H$hVo h¢Ÿ& gyÌ _| "àm{á' H$m AW© AW©àmnH$
Zht, A{nVw nXmW© Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$mo àX{e©V H$aZm hr kmZ H$s àmnH$Vm
h¡, Š`m|{H$ nXmW© _| àd¥Îm hmoZoê$n Mm[aÌ Vmo kmZ Ho$ AmYrZ Zht, dh
Vmo nwéf H$s BÀN>m (AmË_m Ho$ Mm[aÌ) d `mo½`Vm Ho$ AmYrZ h¡, O¡go
XrnH$ AW©àH$meH$ h¡, naÝVw AW©-àmnH$ ZhtŸ& `{X kmZ nXmWm] _|
àd¥{Îm `m {Zd¥{Îm H$amVm hmoVm Vmo OJV² _| {df^jU `m n§Mnmnm| _|
àd¥{Îm Am{X hmoVr hr Zht; Š`m|{H$ BZgo hm{Z H$m kmZ Vmo OJà{gÕ
h¡Ÿ& AV: AW©{H«$`m _| g_W© Eogo nXmW© H$mo ~VbmZm hr à_mU H$s {hV
àmnH$Vm h¡Ÿ& A{hV-n[ahma ^r A{Zï>H$mar nXmW© H$mo {XIm XoZm hr h¡Ÿ&
BgVah nXmW© H$m O¡gm H$m V¡gm àH$m{eV hmoZm {OgHo$ Ûmam hmodo dh
à_mU h¡ Am¡a dh kmZê$n hr h¡Ÿ& AkmZê$n g{ÞH$f© Am{X BgàH$ma Ho$
àm{á-n[ahma H$amZo _| g_W© Zht h¢, `{X do Eogo hmoVo Vmo OJV _| kmZ
H$s H$ënZm hr Zht hmoVrŸ&
à_mU H$m {ZíMm`H$nZm •
V{ÞíM`mË_H§$ g_mamon{déÕËdmXZw_mZdV²Ÿ&&3&&
gyÌmW© • dh à_mU nXmW© H$m {ZíM`mË_H$ h¡, g_mamon (g§e`,
{dn`©`, AZÜ`dgm`) H$m {damoYr hmoZo go, AZw_mZ H$s VahŸ&
ì`m»`m • à_mU Ho$ bjU _| "ì`dgm`mË_H$' {deofU ~m¡Õm| H$s
{Z{d©H$ën _mÝ`Vm Ho$ IÊS>Z Ho$ {bE {X`m h¡Ÿ& kmZ H$m ì`dgm`mË_H$
AWm©V² {ZíM`nZm Vmo {dnarV kmZ _| ^r hmoVm h¡; naÝVw dh gmÜ` AW©
H$m {ZíMm`H$ Zht hmoVm h¡, AV: dh g_mamon H$m {damoYr Zht h¡Ÿ& Bgr
H$maU àñVwV gyÌ _| {ZíM`mË_H$ Ho$ gmW "g_mamon{déÕËdmV²' eãX
S>mbm h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m AW© h¡ {H$ dh {ZíMm`H$ Bg H$maU h¡, Š`m|{H$
CgH$m {_Ï`mkmZê$n g§e`, {dn`©` d AZÜ`dgm` go ghmdñWmZ
bjUê$n {damoY h¡Ÿ& Ohm± dñVw H$m `WmW© {ZíM` hmo, dhm± g§e`,
{dn`©` Am¡a AZÜ`dgm`ê$n g_mamon H$m ahZm hr gå^d Zht h¡Ÿ&
àW_ n[aÀN>oX 13
O¡go {H$ ~m¡Õ "AZw_mZ' à_mU H$mo g_mamon H$m {damoYr hmoZo go
{ZíM`mË_H$ à_mU _mZVo h¢, CgrVah à_mU ^r g_mamon H$m {damoYr
hmoZo go {ZíM`mË_H$ h¡Ÿ&
Anydm©W© H$m bjU •
A{ZpíMVmo@nydm©W:© Ÿ&&4&&
gyÌmW© • {Og nXmW© H$m nhbo {H$gr à_mU go {ZíM` Z {H$`m J`m
hmo, dh Anydm©W© H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • Ymamdm{hH$ kmZ My§{H$ EH$ hr dñVw H$mo {df` ~ZmVm
ahVm h¡, AV… dh Aà_mU h¡Ÿ& à_mU H$s à_mUVm Vmo V^r H$hbm`oJr
{H$, O~ dh {H$gr ^r à_mU Ho$ Ûmam Z OmZr J`r dñVw H$mo {df`
~ZmVm hmoŸ&
`{X `h H$hm Omdo {H$ àË`jm{X Ho$ Ûmam OmZo {df` _| AZw_mZm{X
à_mUm| Ho$ àd¥Îm hmoZo na do Aà_mU hmo Om`|Jo, Š`m|{H$ CZH$m {df`
Anydm©W© Zht ahmŸ& Bg e§H$m H$m g_mYmZ h¡ {H$ àW_ à_mU go kmV
nXmW© _| `{X {deofVm g{hV AÝ` kmZ àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡ Vmo CgHo$ {bE
dh Anydm©W© h¡Ÿ& O¡go àW_ à_mU Zo OmZm {H$ `h "d¥j' h¡, Vmo Xygao
à_mU Zo Cgo "Am_ H$m d¥j' Eogm {deof ê$n go OmZm Vmo dh kmZ
à_mU hr h¡Ÿ& ñdê$n go AWdm {deofê$n go Omo {ZpíMV Zht h¡, dh
gånyU© nXmW© Anydm©W© h¡Ÿ&
Anydm©W© H$m Xygam bjU •
Ñï>m@o {n g_mamonmÎmmÑH²$Ÿ&&5&&
gyÌmW© • nyd© _| XoIo hþE nXmW© _| ^r `{X g_mamon AWm©V² g§e`,
{dn`©`, AZÜ`dgm` Am OmVm h¡ Vmo dh nXmW© ^r Anydm©W© ~Z OmVm
h¡Ÿ& (O¡go n‹T>r hþB© nwñVH$ AZä`mg go nwZ: An{R>V O¡gr hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ&)
ì`m»`m • _r_m§gm Xe©Z _| à^mH$a _Vdmbo gd©Wm Anyd© AW© H$mo
hr à_mU H$m {df` _mZVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$m IÊS>Z Bg gyÌ _| {H$`m h¡Ÿ& O¡Z-
Xe©Z Ho$ à_mU {df` _| H$W§{MV² Anydm©W©Vm ñdrH¥$V h¡Ÿ& Bgr H$maU
14 narjm_wI
ì`m{á kmZ _| hr àd¥Îm AZw_mZ kmZ H$s ^r à_mUVm ~Z OmVr h¡Ÿ& Eogo
hr nydm©W©J«mhr ñ_¥{V, àË`{^kmZ Am{X namojà_mUm| _| à_mUVm g§^d
h¡Ÿ& Xygar Va\$ gd©Wm Anydm©W©J«mhr _mZZo na {ÛMÝÐm{X H$m kmZ ^r
gË` hmo Om`oJm, Š`m|{H$ EH$ MÝÐ _| {ÛMÝÐ H$m kmZ Vmo Anyd©
{df`dmbm h¡Ÿ&
`{X H$hm Omdo {H$ Ho$dbkmZr Ho$ kmZ Zo Vmo {ÌH$mbdVu Ðì`-JwU-
n`m©`m| H$mo O~ EH$ g_` _| hr {df` ~Zm {b`m, Vmo CÎmadVu kmZ
J«hrVJ«mhr hþAm ? àW_nb _| {OZ n`m©`m| H$mo dV©_mZdV² Am¡a ^{dî`
H$mo ^{dî`dV² OmZ ahm Wm, CÎmaH$mb _| CÎmadVu H$mo dV©_mZdV² d
nyd©dVu dV©_mZ H$mo ^yVH$mb ê$n _| OmZ ahm h¡Ÿ& AV: dh kmZ J«hrV-
J«mhr Zht h¡Ÿ& dñVw Ho$ n[aU_Z ^oX go kmZ _| ^r à_o`^oX hmo J`m h¡Ÿ&
Bg H$maU Ho$dbkmZ J«hrVJ«mhr Zht h¡Ÿ&
dñVw _| gm_mÝ`-{deofmË_H$ AZoH$ Y_© hmoVo h¢, CZ_| {H$gr JwU
`m Y_© H$m {H$gr à_mU go {ZíM` hmoZo na ^r Xygao JwU `m CgH$s Xygar
n`m©` H$s Anojm dh dñVw Xygao à_mU Ho$ {bE Anydm©W© hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ&
ñdì`dgm` H$m ñdê$n •
ñdmoÝ_wIV`m à{V^mgZ§ ñdñ` ì`dgm`:Ÿ&&6&&
gyÌmW© • ñd`§ H$s Va\$ gÝ_wI hmoZo go Omo AZw^dZ hmoVm h¡, dhr
ñd-ì`dgm` H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • à_mU Ho$ ê$n _| ñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m Omo kmZ h¡, CgHo$
Ûmam AnZm ì`dgm` AWm©V² {ZíM` H$aZm `h kmZ H$m AnZm {Zí``
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& gyÌH$ma Bg "ñd' ì`dgm` {deofU H$mo à{VdmXr VWm
dmXr Ûmam _mÝ` AW©ì`dgm` ê$n Ñï>mÝV Ho$ Ûmam ñnï> H$aVo h¢ •
ñdì`dgm` H$m Ñï>mÝV •
AW©ñ`od VXwÝ_wIV`mŸ&&7&&
gyÌmW© • {OgàH$ma nXmW© Ho$ à{V gÝ_wI hmoZo go nXmW© H$m {ZíM`
hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² kmZ hmoVm h¡, CgràH$ma ñd H$s Amoa CÝ_wI hmoZo na ñd
H$m {ZíM` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
àW_ n[aÀN>oX 15
ì`m»`m • Z¡`m{`H$m{X kmZ H$mo ñd`§ H$m OmZZodmbm Zht _mZVo
h¢Ÿ& CZH$s _mÝ`Vm H$m IÊS>Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cn`wº$ Xmo gyÌ {bIo h¢Ÿ&
kmZ ñd-naàH$meH$ h¡, dh _mÌ na-dñVw H$mo hr Zht OmZVm h¡,
A{nVw ñd`§ H$mo ^r OmZVm h¡Ÿ& `{X kmZ ñd H$mo Zht OmZoJm Vmo CgH$mo
OmZZo Ho$ {bE Xygao kmZ H$s VWm Xygao kmZ Ho$ {bE Vrgao kmZ H$s
Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>oJrŸ& Bg Vah AZdñWm Xmof d gd©kVm H$m ^r A^md
hmo Om`oJmŸ& O~ VH$ kmZ ñd`§ àË`j Zht hmoVm, V~ VH$ Cg kmZ Ho$
Ûmam OmZo J`o nXmW© ^r àË`j Zht hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& Bgr VÏ` H$mo CXmhaU
Ûmam AmJo ñnï> H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
nXmW© H$mo OmZVo g_` kmZ _| àVr{V •
KQ>_h_mË_Zm do{ÙŸ&&8&&
H$_©dV²H$V¥H© $aU{H«$`màVrVo:Ÿ&&9&&
gyÌmW© • KQ> H$mo _¢ (AmË_m) AnZo (kmZ) Ûmam OmZVm hÿ±Ÿ& `hm±
O¡go "KQ>' nXmW© ê$n H$_© H$m àË`j hmoVm h¡Ÿ& d¡go hr H$Vm©-AmË_m,
H$aU-kmZ Am¡a OmZZo ê$n {H«$`m BZ VrZm| H$m àVr{Vê$n àË`j hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • _r_m§gH$ kmZ H$mo gd©Wm namoj _mZVo h¢, CZHo$ AZwgma
kmZ Ho$ Ûmam KQ>m{X dñVw Vmo OmZr OmVr h¡, {H$ÝVw dh ñd`§ Zht OmZm
OmVmŸ& `{X kmZ H$mo àË`j hmoZm _mZm OmE Vmo dh H$_©ê$n ~Z Om`oJm
O¡go nXmW© àË`j hmoVo h¢, Š`m|{H$ do H$_©ê$n hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg Vah kmZ ^r
H$_©ê$n hmoH$a Vrgao kmZ ê$n H$aU H$s Amdí`H$Vm _hgyg H$aoJmŸ&
O¡ZXe©Z kmZ H$mo H$_©ê$n Am¡a H$aUê$n XmoZm| _mZVm h¡ gmo `h C{MV
Zht, Š`m|{H$ EH$ hr kmZ nañna {déÕ Xmo Y_©ê$n Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
_r_m§gH$m| H$s Cn`w©º$ _mÝ`Vm Ho$ {ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE hr gyÌH$ma Zo
Cn`w©º$ Xmo gyÌm| H$s aMZm H$s h¡Ÿ&
_r_m§gH$ H$Vm©ê$n AmË_m H$s àVr{V Vmo àË`j _mZVo h¢, naÝVw do
`{X ^md_Z Am¡a ^mdopÝÐ` H$mo namoj _mZZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo Bg_| O¡Zm| H$mo
H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht, Š`m|{H$ h_ N>X²_ñWm| H$mo BZH$m àË`j Zht hmoVm,
16 narjm_wI
naÝVw Omo Cn`moJbjU dmbm ^mdH$aU h¡, dh ñd-na H$mo J«hU H$aZo
Ho$ ì`mnma ê$n hmoVm h¡, Bgr{bE dh ñd`§ H$mo àË`j hmoVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&
BgHo$ gmW hr `h ^r {dMmaUr` h¡ {H$ "àË`jVm' Y_© {H$gH$m h¡ ?
dmñVd _| àË`jVm nXmW© H$m Y_© Zht h¡, Omo nXmW© H$m Y_© hmoVm h¡,
dh nXmW© Ho$ ñWmZ na hr àVrV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& àË`jVm KQ>-nQ> Am{X
nXmWm] H$m Y_© Zht, Š`m|{H$ Zrb Am{X Y_© Ho$ g_mZ Cgr nXmW© Ho$
ñWmZ na AÝ` g_` _| ^m{gV Zht hmoVrŸ& àË`jVm Vmo kmZ Ho$ g_`
hr Am¡a AmË_m _| hr àVrV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AnZr àË`jVm AÝ` {H$gr ^r
nwéf H$mo àVrV Zht hmo gH$VrŸ& AV: àË`jVm kmZ H$m hr Y_© h¡Ÿ& kmZ
^r O~ VH$ AnZo AmnH$mo àË`j Zht H$aoJm, V~ VH$ dh nXmWm] H$mo
àË`j Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& kmZ AnZo H$mo àË`j H$aZo na hr Cg_|
A{damoY ê$n H$_©nZm ^r KQ> OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg Vah à^mH$a H$s Bg
_mÝ`Vm H$m ^r IÊS>Z hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ""AmË_m AàË`j: H$_©ËdoZmàVr`-
_mZËdmV² H$aUkmZdV²Ÿ&''
AWmZÝVa `h ~mV ^r Vmo {dMmaUr` h¡ {H$ O~ _r_m§gH$ AmË_m
ê$n H$Vm© H$mo àË`j _mZVo h¢ Vmo H$aU ê$n kmZ Zo Eogm Š`m AnamY
{H$`m h¡ {H$ Cgo namoj _mZ aho h¢Ÿ& AV: AmË_m H$mo àË`j _mZZo na
Cggo hr A{^Þ H$aUê$n kmZ ^r ñdV: àË`j hmo Om`oJm Am¡a {H«$`m
H$s Vmo àË`jVm ñdrH$ma H$aZm hr Mm{hEŸ&
`hm± `{X `h H$hm Omdo {H$ ""_¢ AnZo Ûmam K‹S>o H$mo OmZVm hÿ±'' Bg
àH$ma go {ddoMZ Vmo empãXH$ h¡, AZw^dJå` Zht, Š`m|{H$ Eogo {ddoMZ
H$mo hr AZw^d ñdê$n _mZm Om`o Vmo A§Jwbr Ho$ AJ«^mJ na g¡H$‹S>m|
hm{W`m| H$m g_yh h¡' `h H$WZ ^r AZw^d ñdê$n _mZZm n‹S>oJmŸ& Bg
e§H$m Ho$ g_mYmZ _| gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
eãXmoÀMmaU {~Zm hr ñdì`dgm`H$Vm •
eãXmZwÀMmaUo@{n ñdñ`mZw^dZ_W©dV²Ÿ&&10&&
gyÌmW© • eãXm| H$m CƒmaU {H$`o {~Zm ^r AnZm AZw^d hmoVm
àW_ n[aÀN>oX 17
h¡Ÿ& O¡go nXmWm] H$m KQ> Am{X ê$n dMZ ~mobo {~Zm ^r CgH$m kmZ
hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • AmË_m d kmZ Am{X H$m à{V^mg Cg-Cg AmË_m
Am{X eãXm| Ho$ CƒmaU {~Zm ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: AmË_m d kmZm{X H$m
{ddoMZ _mÌ empãXH$ Zht h¡Ÿ& AmË_m Am{X H$m CƒmaU Omo _wI go
H$aVo h¢, dh Vmo ñd`§ H$mo à{V^m{gV hþE ñdê$n H$mo A{^ì`º$ H$aZo Ho$
{bE H$aVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go, KQ> Am{X Zm_m| H$m CƒmaU {~Zm KQ> Am{X nXmWm]
Ho$ à{V^mg hþE Zht hmoVmŸ& AV: AmË_m d kmZm{XH$ H$m à{V^mg ^r
{Zambå~ ê$n Zht, A{nVw `WmW© hr g_PZm Mm{hEŸ&
ñdàVr{V H$s nw{ï> d CXmhaU •
H$mo dm VËà{V^m{gZ_W©_Ü`j{_ÀN>ñ§ VXod VWm ZoÀN>Vo Ÿ² &&11&&
àXrndV²Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
gyÌmW© • Eogm H$m¡Z (bm¡{H$H$ `m narjH$) nwéf h¡ Omo kmZ Ho$ Ûmam
AZw^d hþE nXmW© H$mo Vmo àË`j _mZo Am¡a Cg kmZ H$mo hr àË`j Z
_mZo AWm©V² Cgo Adí` hr kmZ H$mo àË`j _mZZm Mm{hEŸ&
BgHo$ {bE "àXrndV²' AWm©V² "XrnH$ H$s Vah' H$m CXmhaU {X`m
h¡Ÿ& O¡go XrnH$ _| "ñd' H$s àH$meH$Vm `m àË`jVm H$mo ñdrH$mao {~Zm
CgH$o$Ûmam àH$m{eV {H$`o J`o nXmWm] _| àË`jVm {gÕ Zht hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
à_mU Ho$ àm_mÊ` H$m {ZU©` •
VËàm_mÊ`§ ñdV: naíMŸ&&13&&
gyÌmW© • Cg à_mU H$s àm_m{UH$Vm H$ht ñdV: hmoVr h¡ Am¡a H$ht
na go ^r hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • OmZo hþE nXmW© Ho$ gå~ÝY _| {ZXm}fVm H$m {ZU©` hr
à_mU H$m àm_mÊ` h¡Ÿ& O¡ZXe©Z _| à_mU Ho$ àm_mÊ` H$s CËn{Îm (kmZ
H$s gË`Vm) Vmo na go hr _mZr h¡Ÿ& CËn{Îm _| na go à_mUVm H$hZo H$m
18 narjm_wI
^md `h h¡ {H$ A§Va§J H$maU kmZmdaU H$_© H$m j`mone_ Am¡a ~mø
BpÝÐ`m{XH$ Ho$ {ZXm}f hmoZo na hr ZdrZ à_mUVmê$n H$m`© CËnÞ hmoVm
h¡, AÝ`Wm Zht; Š`m|{H$ {d{eï> H$m`© Vmo {deof H$maU go hr n¡Xm hmoVm
h¡Ÿ& {df` H$mo OmZZoê$n d {df` _| àd¥{Îm ê$n à_mU Ho$ H$m`© _|
Aä`mg Xem H$s Anojm Vmo à_mU H$s à_mUVm ñdV: ~mø H$maUm| Ho$
{~Zm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a AZä`mgXem _| naV: AWm©V² ~møH$maUm| Ho$ {_bZo
na hr hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
nyd© _| OmZr hþ`r n[a{MV AdñWm H$mo Aä`mg Xem Am¡a An[a{MV
AdñWm H$mo AZä`mg Xem H$hVo h¢Ÿ& AnZo Jm±d Ho$ n[a{MV Vmbm~,
ZXr Am{X H$s Amoa OmZo na Omo ObkmZ CËnÞ hmoVm h¡, CgH$s à_mUVm
ñdV: hmoVr h¡; {H$ÝVw AÝ` An[a{MV J«m_m{XH$ _| OmZo na ""`hm± Ob
hmoZm Mm{hE'' BgàH$ma Omo ObkmZ hmoJm, dh erVb dm`w Ho$ ñne© go,
hdm _| H$_bm| H$s gwJpÝY go AWdm nmZr ^aH$a AmVo hþE ì`{º$`m| Ho$
XoIZo Am{X Ho$ {Z{_Îm go à_m{UV hmoJmŸ& AV: Cg ObkmZ H$s à_mUVm
AZä`mg Xem hmoZo go naV: _mZr Om`oJrŸ&
B{V àW_ n[aÀN>oXŸ&
Ý`m`emó H$s Cn`mo{JVm
ì`mH$aU-Ý`m`m{XH$ emó h¢, CZH$m Wmo‹S>m-~hþV Aä`mg
H$aZm; Š`m|{H$ CZHo$ kmZ {~Zm ~‹S>o emóm| H$m AW© ^m{gV Zht
hmoVmŸ& VWm dñVw H$m ñdê$n ^r BZH$s nÕ{V OmZZo na O¡gm
^m{gV hmoVm h¡ d¡gm ^mfm{XH$ Ûmam ^m{gV Zht hmoVm; Bg{b`o
naånam H$m`©H$mar OmZH$a BZH$m ^r Aä`mg H$aZm; naÝVw BÝht _|
\±$g Zht OmZmŸ& BZH$m Hw$N> Aä`mg H$aHo$ à`moOZ^yV emóm| Ho$
Aä`mg _| àdÎm©ZmŸ&
19
{ÛVr` n[aÀN>oX
à_mU Ho$ ^oX •
VX²ÛY
o mŸ&&1&&
gyÌmW© • dh à_mU Xmo àH$ma H$m h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • à_mU Ho$ g_ñV ^oXm| H$m BZ_| AÝV^m©d hmo OmVm h¡,
naÝVw à_mU Ho$ Xmo ^oX àË`j Am¡a AZw_mZ ^r h¢, Eogr ~m¡Õ _mÝ`Vm Ho$
{ZagZ Ho$ {bE g_ñV ^oXm| H$m g§J«h H$aZodmbr g§»`m H$mo AJbo gyÌ
go ñnï> H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
^oXm| H$m ñnï>rH$aU •
àË`joVa^oXmV²Ÿ&&2&&
gyÌmW© • àË`j Am¡a BVa AWm©V² namoj Ho$ ^oX go à_mU Xmo àH$ma
H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± namoj à_mU H$hH$a ñ_¥{V, àË`{^kmZ, VH©$,
AZw_mZ Ed§ AmJ_ à_mUm| H$m AÝV^m©d H$a {b`m h¡; {OZH$m àg§JmZwgma
{ddoMZ gyÌH$ma Zo Vrgao n[aÀN>oX _| AmJo {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
àË`j à_mU H$m ñdê$n •
{deX§ àË`j_²Ÿ&&3&&
gyÌmW© • {deX AWm©V² {Z_©b Am¡a ñnï> kmZ H$mo àË`j H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± gyÌ _| "{deX' eãX ~m¡Õm| Ûmam Añnï> d A{deX
kmZ H$mo ^r àË`j H$s _mÝ`Vm Ho$ {ZfoY Ho$ {bE h¡Ÿ& gyÌ _| "kmZnX'
H$s AZwd¥{Îm hmoJrŸ& H$ht BpÝÐ`m| H$s {ZXm}fVm `m àH$me ^r {deXVm
H$m hoVw Z ~Z Omdo, BgHo$ {ZfoY Ho$ {bE kmZnX H$s AZwd¥{Îm H$aHo$
"{deXkmZ' nX ~ZoJmŸ&
`hm± AZw_mZ à`moJ _| "àË`j' `h Y_u H$m {ZX}e h¡ AWm©V² nj
h¡Ÿ& kmZ H$s {deXVm gmÜ` h¡ Am¡a àË`jnZm hoVw h¡Ÿ& Omo {deXkmZmË_H$
20 narjm_wI
Zht, dh àË`j Zht O¡go namoj kmZŸ& My±{H$ {ddmXmnÞ àË`j h¡,
Bg{bE dh {deX kmZmË_H$ h¡Ÿ& BgàH$ma AZw_mZ Ho$ n§M Ad`d-
à`moJê$n `h gyÌ h¡Ÿ&
kmZ H$s "{deXVm' go Š`m A{^àm` h¡ ? BgH$mo A~ gyÌH$ma ñd`§
ñnï> H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
d¡eÚ H$m ñdê$n •
àVrË`ÝVamì`dYmZoZ {deofdÎm`m dm à{V^mgZ§
d¡eÚ_²Ÿ&&4&&
gyÌmW© • Xygao kmZ Ho$ ì`dYmZ go a{hV Am¡a {deofVm go hmoZodmbo
à{V^mg H$mo d¡eÚ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gyÌ _| "àVrË`ÝVa-Aì`dYmZ' go A{^àm` Vwë` OmVr`
H$s Anojm go ì`dYmZ H$m {ZfoY H$aZo Ho$ {bE h¡, Xoe-H$mb Am{X H$s
Anojm go ZhtŸ& O¡go D$na-D$na nQ>b Xoe (joÌ) Ho$ ì`dYmZ go Vmo
pñWV h¢, {H$ÝVw Vwë` OmVr` (~rM _| AÝ` {H$gr aMZm H$m hmoZm) AÝ`
nQ>bm| H$s Anojm go AÝV[aV Zht h¢Ÿ& Bgr Vah {Og kmZ _| AÝ`
Vwë`OmVr` kmZ H$m ì`dYmZ Zht h¡ • Eogo Xygao kmZ H$s ghm`Vm
{~Zm {Og_| {deofmH$ma H$m à{V^mg hmo ahm h¡, dh kmZ {deX h¡Ÿ&
`hm± na `{X e§H$m H$s Omdo {H$ namoj^yV ñ_¥{V, àË`{^kmZ Am{X
_| ^r ñdê$ng§doXZ go àË`j H$m bjU OmZo go A{Vì`m{á Xmof h¡Ÿ&
CZH$m g_mYmZ `h h¡ {H$ `Ú{n kmZmdaU Ho$ j`mone_ go hmoZodmbo
BZ jm`mone{_H$ kmZm| H$m Omo ñdê$ng§doXZ h¡, dh _Z H$s àYmZVm go
CËnÞ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU `Ú{n _mZg àË`j H$hm OmdoJm; naÝVw BZ kmZm|
_| Omo àË`j-namoj H$m ^oX ñdrH¥$V h¡, dh ~mø-nXmWm] H$mo J«hU H$s
Anojm go h¡Ÿ& AnZo ñdê$n H$mo J«hU H$aZo _| AWm©V² AnZo AmnH$mo
OmZZo _| {H$gr kmZ H$m ì`dYmZ AWm©V² Amdí`H$Vm Zht hmoVr, AV:
gX¡d àË`j hr h¡Ÿ&
{ÛVr` n[aÀN>oX 21
ñ_¥{V Am{XH$ kmZm| _| AnZo AmnH$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE AÝ` à_mUm|
H$m ì`dYmZ Zht n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& AV: do ñd-J«hU H$s Anojm àË`j Zm_
nmVo h¢, O¡go gwIm{XH$ H$m kmZ _mZg àË`j H$hm OmVm h¡, d¡go hr
ñ_¥{V Am{XH$ kmZ AnZo AmnH$mo g§doXZ H$aZo _| AÝ` H$m ì`dYmZ
Zht aIVo, AV: g^r _mZg àË`j h¢; {H$ÝVw O~ do ñ_¥{V Am{XH$ kmZ
~mhar nXmW© H$mo J«hU H$aZo _| àd¥Îm hmoVo h¢, V~ CÝh| namoj H$hVo h¢,
Š`m|{H$ CZ_| V~ à_mUmÝVa H$m ì`dYmZ nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& àË`jZm_ go
ñdrH¥$V hþAm à_mU ñd Am¡a AÝ` KQ>-nQ> Am{X nXmWm] H$mo à_mUmÝVa
Ho$ ì`dYmZ hþE {~Zm hr OmZVm h¡, AV: dh h_oem hr àË`j Zm_ go
H$hm Om`oJmŸ& Bg H$maU go Bg_| A{Vì`m{á Xmof Zht h¡Ÿ&
`Ú{n àVrË`ÝVa Ho$ Aì`dYmZ go hmoZodmbo kmZ H$m Zm_ hr d¡eÚ
h¡Ÿ& VWm{n dñVw Ho$ dU©-JÝYm{X VWm AmH$ma-àH$ma Am{X {deofVmAm|
Ho$ Ûmam hmoZodmbo {d{eï> à{V^mg H$mo ^r d¡eÚ H$hm J`m h¡, Š`m|{H$
Eogm Z _mZZo na g_ñV bmoH$-ì`dhma Ho$ {dZme H$m àg§J Am OmdoJmŸ&
Bg Vah àË`j Ho$ Xmo ^oX àX{e©V H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí` go gyÌH$ma AJbm
gyÌ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
gm§ì`dhm[aH$ àË`j H$m bjU •
BpÝÐ`m{ZpÝÐ`m{Z{_Îm§ XoeV: gm§ì`dhm[aH$_²Ÿ&&5&&
gyÌmW© • BpÝÐ` Am¡a _Z Ho$ {Z{_Îm go hmoZodmbo EH$Xoe {deX kmZ
H$mo gm§ì`dhm[aH$ àË`j H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "{deX§ àË`j_²' `h gÝX^© Mbm Am ahm h¡, AV:
àË`j nX H$s AZwd¥{Îm H$aZr hmoJrŸ& "g§' H$m AW© h¡ g_rMrZ A~m{YV,
Bg Vah A~m{YV àd¥{Îm Am¡a {Zd¥{Îm bjU dmbm Omo ì`dhma h¡,
CgH$m Zm_ "g§ì`dhma' h¡Ÿ& `hr g§ì`dhma {OgH$m à`moOZ h¡, dh
gm§ì`dhm[aH$ àË`j h¡Ÿ& `hm± EH$Xoe àË`j hmoZm `h gm§ì`dhm[aH$
àË`j H$m ñdê$n H$hm Am¡a `h BpÝÐ`m| d _Z go hmoVm h¡; Eogm H$hH$a
CgH$s CËn{Îm H$m ñdê$n ñnï> {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
22 narjm_wI
`hm± `{X `h H$hm Omdo {H$ BpÝÐ` d A{ZpÝÐ` (_Z) H$s Vah AW©
Am¡a AmbmoH$ H$mo ^r àË`j H$m H$maUê$n H$hZm Mm{hE, Vmo gyÌH$ma
CgH$m AmJo gVH©$ {ZfoY H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
nXmW© Am¡a àH$me Ho$ kmZH$maUVm Ho$ {ZfoY _| VH©$ •
ZmWm©bmoH$m¡ H$maU§ n[aÀN>Ú
o ËdmÎm_modV²Ÿ&&6&&
gyÌmW© • nXmW© d àH$me gm§ì`dhm[aH$ àË`j Ho$ H$maU Zht h¢,
Š`m|{H$ `o n[aÀN>oÚ AWm©V² kmZ Ho$ {df` h¢-OmZZo`mo½` ko` h¢Ÿ& Omo kmZ
H$m {df` hmoVm h¡, dh kmZ H$m H$maU Zht hmoVm, O¡go AÝYH$maŸ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± kmZ nXmW© d àH$me go CËnÞ Zht hmoVm h¡, `h
H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& gmW hr `h ^r H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ `{X nXmW© d àH$me go
kmZ CËnÞ Zht hmoVm h¡, Vmo CZHo$ A^md _| AWm©V² Cg OJh nXmW© H$s
AZwnpñW{V d AÝYH$ma H$s CnpñW{V kmZ H$s CËn{Îm _| ~mYH$ ^r
Zht h¡, V^r Vmo àH$me Ho$ A^md _| AÝYH$ma H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
Cg_| AnZo BîQ>Xod Ho$ Xe©Z H$s AZw^y{V àm`: ^º$JU H$a hr boVo h¢Ÿ&
Bgr ~mV H$mo CXmhaU go gVH©$ ñnï> H$aVo h¢ •
VXÝd`ì`{VaoH$mZw{dYmZm^mdmƒ
Ho$emoÊSw>H$kmZdÞº§$Ma kmZdƒŸ&&7&&
gyÌmW© • nXmW© Am¡a àH$me kmZ Ho$ H$maU Zht, Š`m|{H$ kmZ H$m
nXmW© Am¡a àH$me Ho$ gmW AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ ê$n g§~§Y H$m A^md h¡Ÿ&
O¡go, Ho$e _| ^«_ go hmoZodmbo _ÀN>a kmZ Ho$ gmW VWm Zº§$Ma AWm©V²
am{Ì _| MbZodmbo CbyH$ Am{X H$mo am{Ì _| hmoZodmbo kmZ Ho$ gmW XoIm
OmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "H$maU Ho$ hmoZo na H$m`© H$m hmoZm' AÝd` H$hm OmVm h¡,
VWm "H$maU Ho$ A^md _| H$m`© Ho$ A^md' H$mo ì`{VaoH$ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
kmZ H$s CËn{Îm _| nXmW© H$maU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ kmZ H$m nXmW© Ho$
{ÛVr` n[aÀN>oX 23
gmW-AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ gå~ÝY Zht ~ZVm h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m {OgHo$ gmW
AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm h¡, dh CgH$m H$maU Zht hmoVm h¡,
O¡go {H$ Ho$em| _| hmoZo dmbo kmZ _| _ÀN>a H$m kmZ AW© Ho$ gmW AÝd`-
ì`{VaoH$ H$mo Zht YmaU H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
Bgr Vah àH$me ^r kmZ H$m H$maU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ kmZ H$m ^r
àH$me Ho$ gmW AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ gå~ÝY Zht ~ZVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go am{Ì _|
{dMaU H$aZo dmbr {~ëbr, Cëby Am{X Ho$ kmZ _| àH$me H$maU Zht
h¡; Bgr{bE àH$me kmZ H$m H$maU Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& O¡go • {H$gr
ì`{º$ Ho$ _mWo na hdm go Ho$e C‹S> aho h¢ Am¡a Cgo bJ ahm h¡ {H$ _ÀN>a
C‹S> aho h¢Ÿ& `hm± Ho$e h¢; bo{H$Z CZH$m kmZ Zht hmo ahm h¡, AV… AÝd`
IpÊS>V hþAmŸ& _ÀN>a Zht h¡, {\$a ^r CZH$m kmZ hmo ahm h¡, AV…
ì`{VaoH$ ^r K{Q>V Zht hþAmŸ&
kmZ Ho$ AW©OÝ`Vm Am¡a AWm©H$maVm H$m IÊS>Z •
AVÁOÝ`_{n VËàH$meH§$ àXrndV²Ÿ&&8&&
gyÌmW© • nXmW© go CËnÞ Zht hmoH$a ^r kmZ nXmW© H$m àH$meH$
hmoVm h¡, XrnH$ Ho$ g_mZŸ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± na AVÁOÝ`Vm Am¡a AVXmH$maVm BZ XmoZm| Ho$
{df` _| "XrnH$' H$m Ñï>mÝV g_mZ h¡Ÿ& O¡go XrnH$ KQ>-nQ>m{X nXmWm] go
CËnÞ Zht hmoH$a Am¡a CZHo$ AmH$ma Zht hmoH$a ^r CZH$m àH$meH$ h¡,
d¡go hr kmZ ^r KQ>m{X nXmWm] go CËnÞ Zht hmoH$a Am¡a CZHo$ AmH$ma
Zht hmoH$a Ho$ ^r CZ nXmWm] H$mo OmZVm h¡Ÿ&
`hm± na ~m¡Õm| Zo e§H$m H$s h¡ {H$ `{X Eogm _mZm Om`oJm V~ Vmo
ì`{º$ H$m EH$ hr kmZ gånyU© nXmWm] H$mo OmZZodmbm {gÕ hmoJm Am¡a
{\$a à{V{Z`V {df`-ì`dñWm Zht ~Z gHo$Jr, BgH$m CÎma H$m gyÌH$ma
AJbo gyÌ _| XoVo h¢Ÿ&
24 narjm_wI
kmZ Ho$ {df` H$s {ZpíMV ì`dñWm •
ñdmdaUj`mone_bjU`mo½`V`m {h à{V{Z`V_Wª
ì`dñWmn`{VŸ&&9&&
gyÌmW© • AnZo AmdaU H$_© Ho$ (kmZmdaU, dr`m©ÝVam`) j`mone_
bjUdmbr `mo½`Vm àË`j à_mU à{V{Z`V nXmWm] Ho$ OmZZo H$s ì`dñWm
H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • AnZo kmZ H$mo amoH$Zo dmbo AmdaU H$mo ñdmdaU H$hVo
h¢Ÿ& kmZ H$mo amoH$Zodmbo Ag§»` AmdaU AZm{XH$mb go M‹T>o hþE h¢Ÿ& CZ
AmdaH$ H$_m] H$s O¡gr-O¡gr j`mone_ e{º$ê$nr `mo½`Vm àJQ> hmoVr
OmVr h¡, d¡go-d¡go hr AmË_m _| OmZZo H$s e{º$ ^r ñd`_od ì`º$ hmoVr
h¡Ÿ& CX`àmá CZ AmdaU H$_m] Ho$ dV©_mZ H$mb _| CX`m^md H$mo j` H$hVo
h¢, Am¡a AZwX` àmá CÝht H$_m] Ho$ gÎmm _| AdpñWV ahZo H$mo Cne_
H$hVo h¢, `o XmoZm| hr {OgHo$ bjU h¢, Eogr j`mone_ê$n `mo½`Vm Ho$ Ûmam
àË`j kmZ à{V{Z`V AW© Ho$ OmZZo H$s ì`dñWm H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg kmZ H$m
`h nXmW© hr {df` h¡, AÝ` Zht Eogr ì`dñWm H$mo à{V{Z`V ì`dñWm
H$hVo h¢, Am¡a Bg Vah O¡Z bmoJ kmZmdaU Am¡a dr`m©ÝVam` H$_m] Ho$
j`mone_ê$n `mo½`Vm H$mo hr à{V{Z`V {df` H$m {Z`m_H$ _mZVo h¢Ÿ&
~m¡Õ VXwËn{Îm (kmZ H$m nXmW© go CËnÞ hmoZm) VmÐÿß` (nXmW© Ho$
AmH$ma hmoZm) VXÜ`dgm` (Cgr nXmW© H$mo OmZZm) Ed§ àH$me H$mo
kmZ H$m H$maU _mZVo h¢, CZH$s _mÝ`Vm H$m IÊS>Z gyÌH$ma Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
AWmZÝVa Omo bmoJ nXmW© H$mo kmZ H$m H$maU hmoZo go n[aÀN>oÚ
AWm©V² OmZZo `mo½` ko` H$hVo h¢, CZH$mo g_PmVo hþE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ •
H$maUñ` M n[aÀN>Ú
o Ëdo H$aUm{XZm ì`{^Mma:Ÿ&&10&&
gyÌmW© • H$maU H$mo n[aÀN>oÚ AWm©V² ko` _mZZo na H$aU AWm©V²
BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ gmW ì`{^Mma Xmof AmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± ~m¡Õ e§H$m H$aVo h¢ {H$ h_ bmoJ nXmW© H$mo kmZ H$m
{ÛVr` n[aÀN>oX 25
H$maU hmoZo go ko` Zht H$hVo h¢, A{nVw dh ko` h¡, Bg{bE dh kmZ H$m
H$maU h¡Ÿ& BgH$m g_mYmZ O¡Z H$aVo h¢ {H$ `{X ko` hmoZo go nXmW© H$mo
kmZ H$m H$maU _mZm Om`oJm Vmo Ho$emoÊSw>H$ (~mbm| _| _ÀN>a kmZ H$m
^«_) Am{X kmZ go ì`{^Mma Xmof Am Om`oJmŸ& Š`m|{H$ Mjw Am{X
BpÝÐ`m| H$m kmZ H$o$ à{V H$maUnZm hmoZo na ^r kmZ Ho$ {df` H$m A^md
hmoZo go AWm©V² Mjw Am{X BpÝÐ`m± ñd`§ H$mo Zht OmZZo _| ì`{^Mma Xmof
ah J`mŸ&
~m¡Õ bmoJ _mZVo h¢ {H$ Omo-Omo kmZ H$m H$maU h¡ dh-dh kmZ H$m
{df` h¡, Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZw_mZ _| BpÝÐ`m| _| hoVw Vmo ah J`m, naÝVw
gmÜ`Ëd Zht ahmŸ& H$maU {H$, Eogm H$moB© ^r _Zwî` Zht h¡ {H$ Omo AnZr
BpÝÐ`m| go AnZr hr BpÝÐ`m| H$mo OmZ gHo$Ÿ& Bg Vah BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ gmW
ì`{^Mma Xmof AmVm h¡Ÿ& Am¡a ì`{^Mma Xmof Cgo H$hVo h¢ {H$ Ohm± hoVw Ho$
ahZo na ^r gmÜ` Z ahoŸ&
_w»` àË`j H$m ñdê$n •
gm_J«r{deof{díbo{fVm{IbmdaU_VrpÝÐ`eofVmo
_w»`_²Ÿ&&11&&
gyÌmW© • gm_J«r H$s {deofVm go {díbo{fV AWm©V² Xya hmo J`o h¢,
g_ñV AmdaU {OgHo$ Eogo AVrpÝÐ` Am¡a nyU©ê$n go {deX kmZ H$mo
_w»` àË`j H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • g§gma Ho$ àm{U`m| _| Omo kmZ H$s hrZm{YH$Vm {XIVr h¡,
dh H$_©H¥$V h¡, ñd^mdH¥$V Zht Am¡a H$_© ew^mew^ ^mdOÝ` h¡,
ñd^mdOÝ` ZhtŸ& ew^mew^ ^md kmZ Ho$ AmdaU _| hrZm{YH$Vm bmZo
_| hr g_W© h¡Ÿ& kmZ H$m gånyU© Zme `m gånyU© {dH$mg H$aZo H$m CZH$m
{df` hr Zht h¡Ÿ& AV: kmZ Ho$ gånyU© AmdaUm| H$m j` H$aZo Ho$ {bE
Cnm`mÝVa H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Am¡a Cg Cnm`mÝVa H$mo "gm_J«r {deof
{díbo{fV' go gyÌH$ma Zo ñnï> {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
26 narjm_wI
gm_J«r {deof go A{^àm` h¡ {H$ H$_©j` Ho$ `mo½` CÎm_ g§hZZ,
CÎm_ àXoe, CÎm_ H$mb d CÎm_ gå`½Xe©Zm{X n[aUV ê$n ^md H$s
{deofVm go AmË_m Ho$ g_ñV AmdaU Xya hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a AVrpÝÐ`
hmoH$a AWm©V² BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df` joÌ H$m Cëb§KZ H$aHo$ OmZZodmbm
AWm©V² dh kmZ BpÝÐ`m| H$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {~Zm hr {ÌbmoH$ d {ÌH$mbdVu
g_ñV Ðì`JwU n`m©`m| H$mo EH$ g_` _| OmZVm h¡, Eogm AË`ÝV ñnï>
kmZ _w»` àË`j H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
Bg _w»` àË`j _| AVrpÝÐ` d AZmdaUËd {deofU Š`m| {X`m?
"{deX§ àË`j' BVZm hr n`m©á Wm, Vmo gyÌH$ma BgH$m g_mYmZ H$aVo
hþE AJbm gyÌ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
AVrpÝÐ` d AZmdaUËd {deofU H$s gmW©H$Vm •
gmdaUËdo H$aUOÝ`Ëdo M à{V~§Ygå^dmV²Ÿ&&12&&
gyÌmW© • AmdaU g{hV hmoZo na Am¡a BpÝÐ` Ho$ Ûmam CËnÞ hmoZo na
à{V~§Y gå^d h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • kmZ g^r H$mo AË`{YH$ ñnï> OmZo BgHo$ {bE CgH$m
{ZamdaU d AVrpÝÐ` hmoZm AË`mdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& O~ VH$ kmZ na AmdaU
ahoJm `m dh BpÝÐ`m| H$s ghm`Vm go hmoJm, V~ VH$ Cg_| {H$gr Z
{H$gr Vah go ~mYmE± AmZo H$s gå^mdZm ~Zr ahoJrŸ& AV: dh kmZ
ñnï> ê$n go Zht OmZ gHo$JmŸ& Bg Vah _w»` àË`jê$n {deX kmZ Ho$
{bE Xmo {gÕmÝV aIo h¢ •
nhbm, Cgo {ZamdaU hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a Xygam, Cgo BpÝÐ`m| H$s
ghm`Vm Ho$ {~Zm CËnÞ hmoZm Mm{hE V^r dh kmZ nyU© {deXVm H$mo
àmá hmoJmŸ&
B{V {ÛVr` n[aÀN>oXŸ&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 27
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX
namoj à_mU H$m bjU •
namoj{_VaV²Ÿ&&1&&
gyÌmW© • nhbo àË`j à_mU H$m ñdê$n H$hm Wm, Cggo n¥WH²$
ñdê$n dmbm namoj H$hbmVm h¡ AWm©V² A{deX kmZ namoj à_mU h¡Ÿ&
namojkmZ Ho$ ^oX •
àË`jm{X{Z{_Îm§ ñ_¥{VàË`{^kmZVH$m©Z_w mZmJ_^oX_²Ÿ&&2&&
gyÌmW© • {Og_| àË`j à_mU Am{XH$ {Z{_Îm h¢, dh namoj à_mU
h¡Ÿ& Am{XH$ go A{^àm` namoj à_mU Ho$ ^oXm| go h¡, Omo CÎmadVu à_mU
kmZ Ho$ H$maU h¢Ÿ& do namoj à_mU ñ_¥{V, àË`{^kmZ, VH©$, AZw_mZ,
AmJ_ Ho$ ^oX go nm±M àH$ma Ho$ h¢Ÿ& `o namoj à_mU AnZr CËn{Îm _|
nyd©dVu à_mUkmZm| H$s Anojm aIVo h¢Ÿ& Bgr{bE namoj Ho$ BZ ^oXm| H$mo
EH$ {deofH«$_ _| aIZm hr Amdí`H$ Ed§ A{Zdm`© h¡Ÿ&
ñ_¥{V H$m ñdê$n •
g§ñH$mamoX~² moY{Z~ÝYZm V{XË`mH$mam ñ_¥{V:Ÿ&&3&&
gyÌmW© • g§ñH$ma H$s àJQ>Vm Ho$ H$maU go "dh' BgàH$ma H$m AmH$ma
(à{V^mg) dmbo kmZ H$mo ñ_¥{V H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • g§ñH$ma H$m AW© YmaUm kmZ h¡, Omo gm§ì`dhm[aH$ àË`j
H$m ^oX h¡Ÿ& _mÌ g§ñH$ma ñ_¥{V H$m H$maU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ H$B© g§ñH$ma
AÝXa hmoZo na ^r ñ_¥{V Zht hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AV: "CX²~moY' eãX aIm h¡,
{OgH$m grYm ^md h¡ {H$ Bg g§ñH$ma H$s àJQ>Vm ñ_¥{V _| H$maU h¡Ÿ&
ñ_¥{V H$m CXmhaU •
g XodXÎmmo `WmŸ&&4&&
gyÌmW© • O¡go dh "XodXÎm' BgàH$ma H$m à{V^mg hmoZm ñ_¥{V h¡Ÿ&
28 narjm_wI
ì`m»`m • `hm± nyd© _| XodXÎm H$m àË`j {H$`m, {Oggo `h YmaUm
kmZ _o| n[ad{V©V hþAmŸ& AWmZÝVa H$^r gmoMVo hþE `h _Z _| Am`m {H$
dh XodXÎm Bg ñd^mddmbm Wm • BgàH$ma go CgH$m _mZg àË`j
hmoZm hr ñ_¥{V h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m nyd© _| BpÝÐ` àË`j hþAm hmoJm, Cgr H$m
H$mbmÝVa _| YmaUmkmZ go _mZg àË`j hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
àË`{^kmZ H$m ñdê$n d ^oX •
Xe©Z-ñ_aUH$maUH§$ g§H$bZ§ àË`{^kmZ_²Ÿ&
VXodXo ,§ VËgÑe§, V{ÛbjU§, VËà{V`moJrË`m{XŸ&&5&&
gyÌmW© • àË`jXe©Z Am¡a ñ_¥{V Ho$ Ûmam Omo Omo‹S>ê$n kmZ hmoVm h¡,
CgH$mo àË`{^kmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& CgHo$ dh hr `h h¡, `h CgHo$ g_mZ h¡,
`h Cggo {dbjU h¡ `h CgH$m à{V`moJr h¡ BË`m{X AZoH$ ^oX h¢Ÿ&
{Og kmZ _| Xe©Z Am¡a ñ_aU {Z{_Îm n‹S>Vm h¡ dh "Xe©Zñ_aU
H$maUH§$' H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& g§H$bZ H$m AW© AZwg§YmZ ê$n kmZ go h¡Ÿ&
àË`{^kmZ Ho$ ^oXm| Ho$ CXmhaU •
`Wm g Edm`§ XodXÎm:, JmogÑemo Jd`:, Jmo{dbjUmo _{hf:,
BX_ñ_mX² Xya_², d¥jmo@`{_Ë`m{XŸ&&6&&
gyÌmW© • O¡go dh hr `h XodXÎm h¡, Jm` Ho$ g_mZ Zrb Jm` hmoVr
h¡, Jm` Ho$ {dbjU ({^Þ) ^¢g hmoVr h¡, `h Bggo Xya h¡, `h d¥j h¡
BË`m{X H«$_e: EH$Ëd àË`{^kmZ, gmÑí` àË`{^kmZ, d¡bjÊ`
àË`{^kmZ, à{V`moJr àË`{^kmZ Am¡a gm_mÝ` àË`{^kmZ Ho$ CXmhaU
OmZZo Mm{hEŸ&
ì`m»`m • àË`{^kmZ H$mo à_mU ê$n _| ñdrH$ma H$aZodmbm EH$
_mÌ O¡ZXe©Z hr h¡Ÿ& ~m¡Õm{XH$ àË`{^kmZ H$mo à_mU Zht _mZVo h¢Ÿ&
O~{H$ nydm}Îma n`m©`ì`m{n EH$ Ðì` {OgH$m {df` h¡, Eogm Omo‹S> ê$n
àË`{^kmZ ^br^m§{V àVr{V _| AmVm h¡Ÿ& gmW hr `{X EH$Ëd Am¡a
gmÑí` H$mo {df` H$aZodmbo àË`{^kmZ H$m bmon {H$`m Om`oJm, Vmo
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 29
AZw_mZ à_mU H$s àd¥{Îm ^r Zht ~Z gHo$Jr, Š`m|{H$ àË`{^kmZ Ho$
{~Zm "`h A{¾ CgHo$ g_mZ h¡' BË`m{X àVr{V Zht hmoJrŸ& àË`{^kmZ
Ho$ {~Zm Vmo OJV H$m ì`dhma ^r Zht Mb gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& ""`h dhr XodXÎm
h¡'' Eogm EH$Ëd-àË`{^kmZ Ho$ {~Zm OJV H$m boZ-XoZ H$m ì`dhma ^r
Zht Mb gH$Vm h¡, Š`m|{H$ nhbo Am¡a A^r Ho$ AdñWm Ho$ H$m`m] H$m
{_bmZ H$aZodmbm H$moB© kmZ h_mao nmg BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Zht h¡Ÿ& Bgr
Vah Xmo Ðì`m| _| {dÚ_mZ {dbjUVm H$m ~moY, O¡go ^¢gm H$mo XoIH$a
`h kmZ {H$ Omo nhbo Jm` XoIr Wr, Cggo `h ^¢gm {dbjU ñdê$n
dmbm h¡Ÿ& `h d¡bjÊ` àË`{^kmZ go hr gå^d h¡Ÿ& BgrVah go {H$gr
Ho$ _H$mZ H$mo XoIH$a `h H$hZm {H$ "`h Cggo Xya h¡' AWdm Bggo `h
N>moQ>m h¡ BË`m{X kmZ à{V`moJr àË`{^kmZ go hr gå^d h¡ VWm d¥j
BË`m{X go An[a{MV H$mo emIm Am{X Ho$ n[aM` Ûmam d¥j H$m kmZ
H$amZm gm_mÝ`-àË`{^kmZ go hr gå^d h¡Ÿ&
VH©$ à_mU H$m ñdê$n d H$maU •
Cnbå^mZwnbå^{Z{_Îm§ ì`m{ákmZ_yh:Ÿ&&7&&
gyÌmW© • Cnb§^ (àm{á, gmÜ` Ho$ hmoZo na gmYZ H$m hmoZm) VWm
AZwnb§^ (gmÜ` Ho$ A^md _| gmYZ H$m Zht hmoZm, Aàm{á) Ho$
{Z{_Îm go hmoZodmbo ì`m{á kmZ H$mo VH©$ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {H$gr EH$ nXmW© Ho$ hmoZo na Xygao nXmW© Ho$ hmoZo Am¡a
CgHo$ Z hmoZo na Xygao Ho$ ^r Z hmoZo H$mo ì`m{á H$hVo h¢Ÿ& ì`m{á kmZ Ho$
Xmo H$maU h¢ • EH$ àË`jê$n Cnb§^ Am¡a Xygam AZwnb§^Ÿ& Yy_ Ho$ hmoZo
na A{¾ Ho$ hmoZo H$m kmZ àË`j h¡ Am¡a A{¾ Ho$ A^md _| Yy_ Ho$
A^md H$m kmZ AZwnb§^ h¡Ÿ& BZ A{¾ d Yy_m{Xê$n gmÜ`-gmYZm| H$m
j`mone_ Ho$ AZwgma EH$ ~ma _| AWdm AZoH$ ~ma _| Ñ‹T> {ZíM` hmoZm
Cnb§^-AZwnb§^ H$hbmVm h¡ Am¡a gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$ ì`m{á H$m kmZ
Ho$db àË`j {Z{_ÎmH$ hr Zht h¡, A{nVw Amá nwéf Ho$ dmŠ`m| H$mo
gwZH$a Am¡a AZw_mZ Ûmam ^r ì`m{á kmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `{X gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$
30 narjm_wI
A{dZm^md H$m {ZíM` Ho$db àË`j Ûmam hmoZm _mZo Vmo AVrpÝÐ`ê$n
gmÜ`-gmYZ H$m A{dZm^md kmV Zht hmo gHo$JmŸ& O¡go, Bg nwéf Ho$
nw Ê ` H$m gX² ^ md nm`m OmVm h¡ , Š`m| { H$ {d{eï> gw I m{X H$s
AÝ`WmZwnn{Îm h¡, `hm± gwI AVrpÝÐ` h¡Ÿ& gy`© Ho$ J_Z-e{º$ H$m
A{dZm^md ^r àË`j Jå` Zht h¡Ÿ& AV: Omo ì`m{á H$m J«hU Ho$db
àË`j Ûmam hmoZm _mZVo h¢, dh AgV² h¡Ÿ& Bg Vah ì`m{á-kmZ H$m _yb
{Z{_Îm Cnb§^mZwnb§^ AWm©V² AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ&
ì`m{á H$s àd¥{Îm d CXmhaU •
BX_pñ_ÝgË`od ^dË`g{V Vw Z ^dË`odŸ&&8&&
`Wm@½Zmdod Yy_ñVX^mdo Z ^dË`odo{V MŸ&&9&&
gyÌmW© • `h gmYZ ê$n dñVw Bg gmÜ`ê$n dñVw Ho$ hmoZo na hr
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gmÜ`ê$n dñVw Ho$ Zht hmoZo na Zht hmoVrŸ& O¡go A{½Z Ho$
hmoZo na hr YwAm± hmoVm h¡Ÿ& A{¾ Ho$ A^md _| YwAm± Zht hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
YwE± H$s A{¾ Ho$ gmW AÝd`-ì`m{á VWm A{¾ Ho$ A^md H$s YwE± Ho$
A^md Ho$ gmW ì`{VaoH$-ì`m{á h¡Ÿ&
AZw_mZ à_mU H$m bjU •
gmYZmËgmÜ`{dkmZ_Zw_mZ_²Ÿ&&10&&
gyÌmW© • gmYZ go hmoZodmbo gmÜ` Ho$ kmZ H$mo AZw_mZ à_mU H$hVo
h¢ AWm©V² gmYZê$n qbJ go gmÜ`ê$n qbJr H$m Omo kmZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo
AZw_mZ à_mU H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go, Yy_ XoIH$a A{¾ H$m kmZ H$aZmŸ&
hoVw (gmYZ) H$m bjU •
gmÜ`m{dZm^m{dËdoZ {ZpíMVmo hoV:w Ÿ&&11&&
gyÌmW© • gmÜ` Ho$ gmW A{dZm^md ê$n go ahZm {OgH$m {ZpíMV
hmo CgH$mo hoVw H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
hoVw H$m àYmZ bjU A{dZm^md h¡, AV: gyÌH$ma AmJo A{dZm^md
H$m ñdê$n hr ~VbmVo h¢ …-
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 31
ghH«$_^md{Z`_mo@{dZm^md:Ÿ&&12&&
gyÌmW© • gh^md {Z`_ Am¡a H«$_^md {Z`_ Eogo A{dZm^md Ho$
Xmo ^oX h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • EH$ gmW ahZodmbo gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$ g§~§Y H$mo gh^md
{Z`_ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& H$mb Ho$ ^oX go H«$_nyd©H$ hmoZodmbo gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$
g§~§Y H$mo H«$_^md {Z`_ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
gh^md {Z`_ A{dZm^md H$m ñdê$n •
ghMm[aUmoì`m©ß`ì`mnH$`moíM gh^md:Ÿ&&13&&
gyÌmW© • ghMmar ê$n-agm{X _| Am¡a ì`mß`-ì`mnH$ nXmWm] _|
gh^md A{dZm^md hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • ê$n-agm{X gXm gmW-gmW ahVo h¢, AV: ghMmar
H$hbmVo h¢ VWm d¥jËd Am¡a qeenmËdm{X ì`mß`-ì`mnH$ H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ&
Bg_| d¥jËd Vmo ì`mnH$ h¡ Š`m|{H$ CgH$m {df`-joÌ A{YH$ h¡ VWm
qeenmËd ì`mß` h¡, H$maU {H$ CgH$m {df`joÌ H$_ h¡Ÿ&
H«$_^md {Z`_ A{dZm^md H$m ñdê$n •
nydm}ÎmaMm[aUmo: H$m`©H$maU`moíM H«$_^md:Ÿ&&14&&
gyÌmW© • nyd© Am¡a CÎma-H$mb ^mdr nXmWm] _| Am¡a H$m`©-H$maUm| _|
H«$_^md {Z`_ A{dZm^md hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gmo_dma Am¡a _§Jbdma Ho$ CX` _| EH$ {XZ H$m AÝVa
h¡Ÿ& gmo_dma nhbo AmVm h¡ AV: dh nyd©Ma h¡, _§Jbdma H$m CX` EH$
{XZ ~mX hmoVm h¡, AV: dh CÎmaMa h¡Ÿ& CX` hmoZo H$s Anojm go XmoZm| _|
H«$_^md g§~§Y h¡Ÿ& BgràH$ma A{¾ H$maU h¡ Am¡a Yy_ CgH$m H$m`© h¡,
Bg{bE H$maU Am¡a H$m`© _| ^r H«$_^md g§~§Y h¡Ÿ&
Eogo A{dZm^mdr H$m kmZ {H$gàH$ma go OmZm Omdo ? BgH$m CÎma
XoVo hþE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
32 narjm_wI
VH$m©Îm{ÝZU©`:Ÿ&&15&&
gyÌmW© • VH©$ go CgH$m AWm©V² A{dZm^md g§~§Y H$m {ZU©` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • ^maVr` Xe©Z _| "VH©$' H$mo à_mUê$n go ñdrH$ma H$aZodmbm
O¡ZXe©Z Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` H$moB© Xe©Z Zht h¡Ÿ& My±{H$ àË`jm{X {H$gr
^r à_mU go ì`m{á H$m {ZU©` Zht hmo gH$Vm, O~{H$ VH©$ ì`m{á H$m
{ZU©` H$aZo _| nyU©V: g_W© h¡Ÿ& AV: VH©$ H$mo à_mU ê$n _| ñdrH$ma
H$aZm hr n‹S>oJmŸ&
gmÜ` H$m ñdê$n •
Bï>_~m{YV_{gÕ§ gmÜ`_²Ÿ&&16&&
gyÌmW© • Bï>, A~m{YV Am¡a A{gÕ^yV nXmW© H$mo "gmÜ`' H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {Ogo dmXr {gÕ H$aZm MmhVm h¡, Cgo Bï> H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
{Og_| àË`jm{X {H$gr à_mU go ~mYm Z AmVr hmo, Cgo A~m{YV
H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Omo {H$gr à_mU go {gÕ Z hþAm hmo, Cgo A{gÕ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
gmÜ` Ho$ bjU _| "A{gÕ' {deofU H$s gmW©H$Vm •
g§{X½Y{dn`©ñVmì`wËnÞmZm§ gmÜ`Ëd§ `Wm
ñ`m{XË`{gÕnX_²Ÿ&&17&&
gyÌmW© • gpÝX½Y, {dnarV Am¡a Aì`wËnÞ nXmW© gmÜ`ê$n hmo gH|$,
Bg hoVw go gmÜ` H$m bjU H$aVo g_` A{gÕ {deofU {X`m h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "`h ñWmUw (Ry>§R>) h¡ `m nwéf', BgàH$ma Xmo njm| H$mo
J«hU H$aZodmbo kmZ Ho$ {df`^yV AW© H$mo gpÝX½Y H$hVo h¢Ÿ& `WmW© go
{dnarV dñVw H$m {ZíM` H$aZodmbo {dn`©` kmZ Ho$ {df`^yV grn _|
Mm§Xr Am{X nXmW© {dn`©ñV H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& Zm_, Om{V, g§»`m Am{X Ho$
{deof kmZ Z hmoZo go A{ZUuV {df`dmbo AZÜ`dgm` kmZ go J«mø
nXmW© H$mo Aì`wËnÞ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
gpÝX½Y, {dn`©ñV Ed§ Aì`wËnÞ nX à{VdmXr H$s Anojm go h¢Ÿ& Omo
à{VdmXr H$mo ^r {gÕ h¡, dh gmÜ` Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 33
"Bï>' d "A~m{YV' {deofUm| H$s gmW©H$Vm •
A{Zï>mÜ`jm{X~m{YV`mo: gmÜ`Ëd§ _m
^y{XVrï>m~m{YVdMZ_²Ÿ&&18&&
gyÌmW© • A{Zï> Ed§ àË`jm{X à_mU go ~m{YV nXmW© gmÜ`ê$n
Zht hmod|, Bg{bE "Bï>' Am¡a "A~m{YV' `o Xmo {deofU gmÜ`nX Ho$
gmW à`moJ {H$`o h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gyÌmoº$ "Am{X' eãX go AZw_mZ, AmJ_, bmoH$ VWm
ñddMZ ê$n à_mU go ~m{YV njdmbo gmÜ` H$m ^r J«hU hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&
O¡go, AmË_m _| gd©Wm {ZË`nZm {gÕ H$aZm O¡Zm| H$mo Bï> Zht AWm©V²
A{Zï> h¡Ÿ& eãX H$mo AlmdUËd _mZZm àË`j~m{YV h¡Ÿ& eãX H$m {ZË`
_mZZm AZw_mZ ~m{YV h¡Ÿ& Y_© H$mo nabmoH$ _| Xw…IXm`r _mZZm
AmJ_~m{YV h¡Ÿ& "_oar _mVm ~ÝÜ`m h¡' • Eogm H$hZm ñd-dMZ ~m{YV
h¡Ÿ& _Zwî` H$m H$nmb ew{M h¡ • `h H$hZm bmoH$-~m{YV h¡Ÿ& AV: `o
gmÜ` ê$n _| _mÝ` Zht hm|JoŸ&
{OgàH$ma O¡Zm| H$mo AmË_m H$m H$W§{MV² {ZË` _mZZm Bï> h¡Ÿ&
CgràH$ma AÝ` H$mo Cg_| gd©Wm {ZË`Ëd A^rï> h¡Ÿ& AV: Cg_| ^r
gmÜ`Ëd H$m àg§J àmá hmoVm h¡; Vmo Bg e§H$m H$m {ZdmaU gyÌH$ma H$aVo
h¢ {H$ •
Z Mm{gÕd{Xï>§ à{Vdm{XZ:Ÿ&&19&&
gyÌmW© • {OgàH$ma A{gÕ {deofU à{VdmXr H$s Anojm go h¡,
CgràH$ma Bï> {deofU à{VdmXr H$s Anojm go Zht h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {deoî`-{deofU ^md à{V{Z`V hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: g^r Ho$
{bE g~ {deofU bmJy Zht hmoVoŸ& gmÜ` _| A{gÕ {deofU O¡go à{VdmXr
H$s Anojm go h¡, Z {H$ dmXr H$s Anojm go, Š`m|{H$ dmXr Vmo gmÜ` Ho$
ñdê$n H$m à{VnmXH$ h¡Ÿ& `{X dmXr H$mo hr gmÜ` A{gÕ hmo Vmo dh
CgH$m ñdê$n {H$gàH$ma go à{VnmXZ H$aoJm ? VWm à{VdmXr Vmo g_PZo
dmbm hmoZo go A{dkmV AW©dmbm h¡Ÿ& gmÜ` H$m Bï> {deofU dmXr H$s
34 narjm_wI
Anojm go h¡; Š`m|{H$ dmXr H$mo Omo Bï> h¡, dhr gmÜ` hmoJmŸ& g^r H$mo Bï>
à{VnmXZ _| EH$gmW gmÜ` Zht hþAm H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m H$maU h¡ {H$ •
àË`m`Zm` hrÀN>m dºw$aodŸ&&20&&
gyÌmW© • {df` à{VnmXZ Ed§ g_PmZo H$s BÀN>m dº$m H$mo hr hþAm
H$aVr h¡ AWm©V² AnZo Bï> VÎd Ho$ à{VnmXZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE dº$m H$mo
(dmXr H$mo) hr BÀN>m hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
gmÜ`§ Y_©: Šd{MÎm{Û{eï>mo dm Y_uŸ&&21&&
gyÌmW© • ì`m{á H$m à`moJ H$aVo g_` "Y_©' gmÜ` hmoVm h¡; Am¡a
H$ht AWm©V² AZw_mZ H$m à`moJ H$aVo g_` Y_© go `wº$ Y_u gmÜ`
hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • Ohm±-Ohm± Yy_ hmoVm h¡, dhm±-dhm± A{¾ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
Ohm±-Ohm± A{¾ Zht hmoVr, dhm± Yy_ ^r Zht hmoVmŸ& BgàH$ma go O~
{eî`m{X H$mo gmÜ`-gmYZ H$m kmZ H$am`m OmVm h¡, V~ Cgo ì`m{á H$m
à`moJ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Bg ì`m{á-à`moJ _| A{¾ê$n Y_© hr gmÜ` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg
nd©V na A{¾ h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh Yy_dmbm h¡Ÿ& BgàH$ma go AZw_mZ Ho$
à`moJ H$aZo H$mo à`moJH$mb H$hVo h¢, Cg g_` A{¾ê$n Y_© go {d{eï>
nd©V hr gmÜ` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
nj B{V `mdV²Ÿ&&22&&
gyÌmW© • Y_u H$m Xygam Zm_ nj ^r h¡Ÿ&
à{gÕmo Y_uŸ&&23&&
gyÌmW© • Y_u à{gÕ hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² dh à_mU go {gÕ hmoVm h¡,
H$mën{ZH$ ZhtŸ& Cg Y_u H$s à{g{Õ VrZ Vah go hmoVr h¡ • à_mU go,
{dH$ën go VWm C^`ê$n goŸ&
{dH$ën {gÕ Y_u _| gmÜ` •
{dH$ëno{gÕo Vpñ_Z² gÎmoVao gmÜ`oŸ&&24&&
ApñV gd©kmo ZmpñV Ia{dfmU{_{VŸ&&25&&
gyÌmW© • O~ Y_u {dH$ën {gÕ hmoVm h¡, V~ gmÜ` gÎmm Am¡a
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 35
AgÎmm BZ Xmo ê$n hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& O¡go "gd©k h¡' Eogo à{Vkmê$n dmŠ` _|
gÎmm gmÜ` h¡Ÿ& VWm "Ia {dfmU' (JYo Ho$ gr§J) Zht h¢' • Eogo à{Vkm
dmŠ` _| AgÎmm gmÜ` h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {Og nj H$m {H$gr à_mU go Z Vmo A{ñVËd hr {gÕ hmo
Am¡a Z hr ZmpñVËd hr {gÕ hmo Cg nj H$mo {dH$ën{gÕ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Bg_| gw{ZpíMV Agå^d ~mYH$ à_mU Ho$ ~b go gÎmm gmÜ` hmoVr h¡
Am¡a `mo½` H$s AZwnbpãY Ho$ ~b go AgÎmm gmÜ` hmoVr h¡Ÿ& O¡go,
"gd©kVm' _| gw{ZpíMV ~mYH$ à_mU Zht hmoZo go Bg hoVw go hr gÎmm-
gmÜ` h¡ Am¡a Ia{dfmU _| àmá hmoZo Ho$ `mo½` hmoZo na ^r nm`m Zht
OmVm • Bg hoVw go CgH$s AgÎmm {gÕ H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&
à_mU{gÕ VWm C^`{gÕ Y_u _| gmÜ` •
à_mUmo^`{gÕo Vw gmÜ`Y_©{d{eï>Vm gmÜ`mŸ&&26&&
A{¾_mZ`§ Xoe: n[aUm_r eãX: B{V `WmŸ&&27&&
gyÌmW© • à_mU {gÕ Y_u Ho$ ahVo hþE Ed§ C^`{gÕ Y_u Ho$ ahVo
hþE gmÜ` Y_© {d{eï>Vm gmÜ` hmoVr h¡Ÿ& O¡go `h àXoe A{¾`wº$ h¡ •
`h àË`j à_mU{gÕ Y_u H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ& eãX n[aUm_r h¡ • `h
C^`{gÕ Y_u H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± {dH$ën {gÕ Y_u H$s Vah AmpñV `m ZmpñV hr
gmÜ` hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht h¡Ÿ& àW_ CXmhaU _| nd©V na "A{¾' gmÜ`
h¡ VWm nd©V àË`j à_mU H$m {df` hmoZo go à_mU{gÕ Y_u h¡Ÿ&
Xygao CXmhaU _| eãX H$s "n[aU_ZerbVm' gmÜ` h¡Ÿ& dV©_mZH$mbrZ
{Z`VXoedVu eãX Vmo àË`j go {gÕ h¡; bo{H$Z ^yV-^{dî`V d A{Z`V
XoedVu eãX {dH$ën{gÕ h¡, AV… `h C^`{gÕ Y_u h¡Ÿ&
ì`mám¡ Vw gmÜ`§ Y_© EdŸ&&28&&
AÝ`Wm VXKQ>ZmV²Ÿ&&29&&
gyÌmW© • ì`m{á H$m à`moJ H$aVo g_` Y_© H$mo hr gmÜ` ~ZmVo h¢ Z
36 narjm_wI
{H$ Y_© {d{eï> Y_u H$mo; Š`m|{H$ Y_u H$mo gmÜ` ~ZmZo na ì`m{á K{Q>V
Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡ AWm©V² Ohm±-Ohm± Yy_ h¡, dhm±-dhm± Y_u nd©V h¡ •
Eogr ì`m{á K{Q>V Zht hmoVr; A{nVw Ohm±-Ohm± Yy_ h¡, dhm±-dhm±
gmÜ` Y_© A{¾ h¡ • Eogr ì`m{á hr K{Q>V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& BgH$m ^r EH$
H$maU h¡ {H$ Y_u Ho$ gmW hoVw H$m AÝd` A{gÕ h¡Ÿ&
gmÜ`Y_m©YmagÝXohmnZmoXm` Jå`_mZñ`m{n njñ`
dMZ_²Ÿ&&30&&
gyÌmW© • gmÜ`ê$n Y_© Ho$ AmYma Ho$ {df` _| CËnÞ hþE gÝXoh H$mo
AnZmoX AWm©V² Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE Jå`_mZ AWm©V² OmZo hþE ^r nj H$m
H$WZ H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • ApñVËdm{X gmÜ` H$m Y_© hmoVm h¡, CgH$m AmYma `m
Aml` {H$ Ohm± na gmÜ` Y_© ahVm h¡, Cg_| g§e` CËnÞ hmo {H$ O¡go
gmÜ` ê$n A{¾ Ho$ ApñVËd H$s {g{Õ H$aVo g_` CgHo$ AmYmaê$n
nd©V, _hmZg Am{X OJhm| _| ahZo H$m gÝXoh n¡Xm hmoVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ Cº$
XmoZm| ñWbm| na A{¾_Ëd ah gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& AV: A{¾_Ëd gmÜ` dmñVd
_| H$hm± gmYZm h¡, BgH$m {ZíM` H$aZo Ho$ {bE hr njê$n dMZ H$m
à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
nj à`moJ H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$m Ñï>mÝV •
gmÜ`Y{_©{U gmYZY_m©d~moYZm`
njY_m}ng§hmadV²Ÿ&&31&&
gyÌmW© • {OgàH$ma gmÜ` go `wº$ Y_u _| gmYZ ê$n Y_© H$m kmZ
H$amZo Ho$ {bE njY_© Ho$ Cng§hma ê$n CnZ` H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • ~m¡Õ bmoJ ì`wËnÞ nwéf Ho$ {bE AZw_mZ Ho$ à`moJ H$mb
_| Ho$db hoVw H$m hr à`moJ Amdí`H$ _mZVo h¢Ÿ& nj H$m à`moJ Amdí`H$
Zht _mZVoŸ& CgHo$ {bE AmMm`© Zo `h H$hm h¡ {H$, nj Ho$ H$ho {~Zm
gmÜ` Ho$ AmYma _| gÝXoh hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& CgH$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE nj Ho$
à`moJ H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ& O¡go "nd©V na A{¾ h¡, Š`m|{H$ Yy_ h¡, Ohm±-
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 37
Ohm± Yy_ hmoVm h¡, dhm±-dhm± A{¾ Adí` hmoVr h¡, O¡go • agmoB©KaŸ&
`hm± BgHo$ ~mX O¡go agmoB©Ka Yy_dmbm h¡, CgrVah nd©V ^r Yy_dmbm
h¡' `h CnZ` à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vm{H$ {ZpíMV nj _| gmYZ _mby_
hmo Omdo, R>rH$ BgrVah ñdV:{gÕ hmoZo na ^r nj H$m à`moJ {H$`m
OmVm h¡Ÿ&
Bgr ~mV H$mo Cnhmg Ho$ ê$n _| g_W©Z H$aVo h¢ •
H$mo dm {ÌYm hoVw_wŠËdm g_W©`_mZmo Z nj`{VŸ&&32&&
gyÌmW© • Eogm H$m¡Z dmXr-à{VdmXr h¡ {H$ Omo VrZàH$ma Ho$ hoVw H$mo
H$hH$a nwZíM CgH$m g_W©Z H$aVm hþAm ^r nj H$m à`moJ Zht H$a|?
A{nVw H$aoJmŸ&
ì`m»`m • hoVw Ho$ A{gÕËd Am{X Xmofm| H$m n[ahma H$aHo$ AnZo
gmÜ` Ho$ {gÕ H$aZo H$s gm_Ï`© Ho$ {Zê$nU H$aZo _| àdrU dMZ H$mo
g_W©Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ& `hm± hoVw Ho$ VrZ àH$ma • ñd^md hoVw, H$m`© hoVw Am¡a
AZwnbpãY hoVw boZm h¡Ÿ&
AZw_mZ Ho$ A§Jm| H$m dU©Z •
EVX²Û`_odmZw_mL²>J§ ZmoXmhaU_²Ÿ&&33&&
gyÌmW© • `o Xmo hr AZw_mZ Ho$ A§J h¢, CXmhaUm{XH$ ZhtŸ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± na Z¡`m{`H$ Am{XH$m| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ nj, hoVw,
Ñï>mÝV, CnZ`, {ZJ_Z `o nm±M AZw_mZ Ho$ A§J h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ {ZfoY Ho$
{bE H$hm {H$ nj (à{Vkm) Am¡a hoVw `o Xmo hr AZw_mZ Ho$ A§J h¢,
CXmhaUm{XH$ ZhtŸ& VXwnamÝV ^r Omo CXmhaU H$m à`moJ Amdí`H$
_mZVo h¢; CZgo O¡Z nyN>Vo h¢ {H$, (1) Š`m gmÜ` H$m kmZ H$amZo Ho$ {bE
CXmhaU H$m à`moJ Amdí`H$ h¡ ? AWdm (2) hoVw H$m A{dZm^md
{Z`_ ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE AWdm (3) ì`m{á H$m ñ_aU H$amZo Ho$ {bE?
BgàH$ma VrZ {dH$ën CR>mH$a H«$_e: XyfU ~VbmVo VrZm| H$m {ZamH$aU
H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
38 narjm_wI
àW_ {dH$ën H$m {ZamH$aU •
Z {h VËgmÜ`à{VnÎ`L²>J§ VÌ `Wmoº$hoVmoaod
ì`mnmamV²&&34&&
gyÌmW© • dh CXmhaU gmÜ` H$s à{Vn{Îm AWm©V² kmZ _| A§J
AWm©V² H$maU Zht h¡; Š`m|{H$ gmÜ` Ho$ kmZ _| `Wmoº$ (gmÜ`m{dZm^mdr)
hoVw H$m hr ì`mnma hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
{ÛVr` {dH$ën H$m emoYZ •
VX{dZm^md{ZíM`mWª dm {dnjo ~mYH$à_mU~bmXod
VpËgÕo:Ÿ&&35&&
gyÌmW© • dh CXmhaU A{dZm^md Ho$ {ZíM` Ho$ {bE ^r H$maU
Zht h¡; Š`m|{H$ {dnj _| ~mYH$ à_mU go hr A{dZm^md {gÕ hmo
OmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gmÜ` Ho$ gmW A_wH$ hoVw H$m A{dZm^md h¡, Bg àH$ma
H$m {ZU©` H$aZo Ho$ {bE CXmhaU H$mo J«hU H$aZm A`wº$ hr h¡; Š`m|{H$
dh {ZU©` Vmo {dnj _| ~mYH$ à_mU go hr hmo OmVm h¡ AWm©V² A_wH$
hoVw {dnj _| gd©Wm Ag§^d h¡ • BgàH$ma Ho$ ~mYH$ à_mU go hr hoVw
H$m A{dZm^md {gÕ hmoVm h¡, O¡go nd©V _| A{¾ {gÕ H$aVo g_`
agmoB©Ka gnj h¡ Am¡a Vmbm~ {dnj; Š`m|{H$ `hm± gmÜ` (A{¾) go
{dOmVr` Y_© (Ob) h¡Ÿ& `hm± Yy_ hoVw H$m A{¾ gmÜ` Ho$ gmW A{dZm^md
BgàH$ma {gÕ hmoJm {H$ Vmbm~ _| A{¾ Ho$ A^md _| Yy_ Zht nm`m
OmVm, `{X nm`m Omdo Vmo Yy_ Am¡a A{¾ Ho$ H$m`©-H$maU ^md H$m
^§Jê$n ~mYH$ à_mU CnpñWV hmoJmŸ& {dnj _| Eogo hr ~mYH$ à_mU
{_bVo h¢Ÿ& {OZgo gmÜ` Ho$ gmW gmYZ H$m A{dZm^md {ZUuV hmo OmVm
h¡Ÿ& BgH$maU AZw_mZ Ho$ A§Jm| _| CXmhaU H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡Ÿ&
àH$mamÝVa go ^r IÊS>Z •
ì`{º$ê$n§ M {ZXe©Z§ gm_mÝ`oZ Vw ì`m{áñVÌm{n
V{Ûà{VnÎmmdZdñWmZ§ ñ`mX² Ñï>mÝVmÝVamnojUmV²Ÿ&&36&&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 39
gyÌmW© • {ZXe©Z AWm©V² CXmhaU Vmo ì`{º$ê$n (nd©Vê$n `m _hmZg
Am{X H$mo J«hU H$aZodmbm) hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ì`m{á gm_mÝ` ê$n AWm©V²
gd©Xoe-H$mb H$s Cng§hma (nyU© ì`má) H$aZodmbr hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AV: Bg
CXmhaU _| ^r {ddmX hmoZo na ^r AÝ` CXmhaU H$s Anojm n‹S>Zo go
AZdñWm Xmof àmá hmoJmŸ&
V¥Vr` {dH$ën H$hVo h¢ •
Zm{n ì`m{áñ_aUmWª VWm{dYhoVwà`moJmXod VËñ_¥Vo:Ÿ&&37&&
gyÌmW© • Vrgar ~mV `h ^r h¡ {H$ ì`m[á H$m ñ_aU H$amZo Ho$ {bE
^r CXmhaU H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ CgH$m ñ_aU Vmo A{dZm^md
ñdê$n dmbo hoVw Ho$ à`moJ go hr hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {OgZo gmÜ` Ho$ gmW gmYZ H$m g§~§Y J«hU {H$`m h¡,
Eogo nwéf H$mo Vmo hoVw Ho$ {XIbmZo go hr ì`m{á H$s {g{Õ hmo Om`oJr;
naÝVw {OgZo A{dZm^md Ho$ g§~§Y H$mo J«hU Zht {H$`m h¡, Eogo nwéfm|
H$mo g¡H$‹S>m| CXmhaUm| go ^r ì`m{á H$m ñ_aU Zht hmoJm; Š`m|{H$ ñ_aU
Vmo nhbo AZw^d {H$E hþE nXmW© H$m hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
BgàH$ma go `h {gÕ h¡ {H$ CXmhaU H$m à`moJ gmÜ` Ho$ {bE
Cn`moJr Zht h¡, A{nVw dh Vmo g§e` H$m ^r H$maU hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& `h
VÏ` gyÌH$ma AmJo ñnï> ^r H$a aho h¢Ÿ&
VËna_{^Yr`_mZ§ gmÜ`Y{_©{U gmÜ`gmYZo
gÝXoh`{VŸ&&38&&
Hw$Vmo@Ý`WmonZ`{ZJ_ZoŸ&&39&&
gyÌmW© • dh CXmhaU na_ AWm©V² _mÌ H$ho OmZo na Vmo gmÜ` Y_©
dmbo Y_u _| gmÜ` Ho$ {gÕ H$aZo _| gÝXoh H$am XoVm h¡, `{X Eogm Zht
hmoVm Vmo CXmhaU Ho$ níMmV² hr CnZ` d {ZJ_Z Ho$ à`moJ H$s
Amdí`H$Vm hr Š`m| hmoVr ? Bggo `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ _mÌ CXmhaU
g§e` H$mo n¡Xm H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
40 narjm_wI
AZw_mZ Ho$ A§Jm| _| CnZ`-{ZJ_Z H$m {ZfoY •
Z M Vo VX§Jo, gmÜ`Y{_©{U
hoVg
w mÜ``modM
© ZmXodmg§e`mV²Ÿ&&40&&
gyÌmW© • CnZ` d {ZJ_Z ^r AZw_mZ Ho$ A§J Zht h¢; Š`m|{H$
gmÜ`Y_u (nj) _| gmÜ` Am¡a hoVw H$m H$WZ H$aZo _| hr gmÜ`Y_© dmbo
Y_u _| g§e` Zht ahVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `m¡J Xe©Z CnZ` d {ZJ_Z H$mo AZw_mZ H$m A§J _mZVm
h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ `hm± Ñï>mÝV H$m à`moJ H$aHo$ CgHo$ g_W©Z Ho$ {bE CnZ` d
{ZJ_Z H$m {dYmZ h¡; Š`m|{H$ BgHo$ {~Zm Ag§{X½Yê$n go gmÜ` H$m
ghr kmZ Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a {Og hoVw H$m g_W©Z Z hþAm hmo, Vmo
dh hoVw hr Zht hmo gH$VmŸ& Bg g§X^© _| O¡ZXe©Z H$hVm h¡ {H$ g_W©Z
hr hoVw H$m CÎm_ ê$n h¡, AV: Cgo hro AZw_mZ H$m Ad`d _mZZm
Mm{hE; Š`m|{H$ gmÜ` H$s {g{Õ _| CgH$m hr Cn`moJ h¡Ÿ& Bg ~mV H$mo
gyÌH$ma AmJo H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
g_W©Z§ dm da§ hoVwê$n_Zw_mZmd`dmo dmñVw gmÜ`o
VXwn`moJmV²Ÿ&&41&&
gyÌmW© • g_W©Z hr hoVw H$m dmñV{dH$ ê$n h¡, AV: dhr AZw_mZ
H$m Ad`d _mZm Omdo; Š`m|{H$ gmÜ` H$s {g{Õ _| Cgr H$m Cn`moJ
hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
hoVw Ho$ A{gÕm{X Xmof H$mo Xya H$aHo$ ñd-gmÜ` Ho$ gmW CgH$m
A{dZm^md ñWm{nV H$aZm g_W©Z H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
~mb-~w{Õ dmbm| H$mo g_PmZo Ho$ {bE CXmhaU, CnZ`, {ZJ_Z
H$s Amdí`H$Vm •
~mbì`wËnË`Wª VËÌ`monJ_o emó Edmgm¡, Z
dmXo@Zwn`moJmV²Ÿ&&42&&
gyÌmW© • ~mb~w{Õ dmbo {eî`m| H$mo kmZ H$amZo Ho$ {bE CXmhaUm{XH$
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 41
VrZm| A§Jm| H$m ñdrH$ma emó Ho$ g_` hr {H$`m J`m h¡, dmX Ho$ g_`
Zht, dmX _| CXmhaUm{XH$ Vmo AZwn`moJr h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • dmX-{ddmX Ho$ g_` {eî`m| H$mo ì`wËnÞ Zht {H$`m
OmVm; A{nVw ì`wËnÞ ~w{Õdmbm| H$m hr dmX _| A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡Ÿ& emó
_| CXmhaU Am{X ahVo h¢, Cg_| Omo {ZnwU hmo OmVo h¢, do dmXrJU dmX
H$aVo g_` gm_Zodmbo à{VdmXr nwéf {Og àH$ma go g_P gH|$, CZH$mo
Cgr àH$ma go g_PmZo _| g_W© hþAm H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Cg g_` {OVZo AZw_mZm§J
go à`moOZ gYVm h¡, CVZo A§J H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ à`moJ
n[anmQ>r Vmo à{VnmÚ Ho$ AZwgma hmoVr h¡ • Eogm O¡Z_V H$hVm h¡Ÿ&
~mb~w{Õ H$mo ì`wËnÞ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CXmhaU H$m ñdê$n VWm àH$ma•
Ñï>mÝVmo ÛoYm AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$^oXmV²Ÿ&&43&&
gyÌmW© • Ñï>mÝV Xmo àH$ma H$m h¡ • AÝd` Ñï>mÝV d ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝVŸ&
ì`m»`m • dmXr Am¡a à{VdmXr Ûmam {~Zm {ddmX Ho$ {d{Y-à{VfoY
ê$n go gmÜ`-gmYZ Y_© Ohm± XoIm OmVm h¡, Cgo Ñï>mÝV H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Bg
àH$ma Ñï>mÝV eãX H$m ì`wËn{Îm AW© hþAm {H$ ""Ñï>m¡ AÝVm¡-gmÜ` gmYZ-
Y_m£ `pñ_Z² gm Ñï>mÝV:Ÿ&''
H«$_àmá AÝd` Ñï>mÝV H$m ñdê$n •
gmÜ`ì`m᧠gmYZ§ `Ì àXí`©Vo gmo@Ýd`Ñï>mÝV:Ÿ&&44&&
gyÌmW© • Ohm± na gmÜ` go ì`má gmYZ H$mo {XIm`m OmVm h¡, Cgo
AÝd` Ñï>mÝV H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go • A{¾ H$mo gmÜ` H$aZo na agmoB©Ka H$m
Ñï>mÝV XoVo h¢ AWm©V² Ohm±-Ohm± Yy_ hmoVm h¡, dhm±-dhm± A{¾ hmoVr h¡ •
O¡go • agmoB©KaŸ&
ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝV H$m ñdê$n •
gmÜ`m^mdo gmYZm^mdmo `Ì H$Ï`Vo g ì`{VaoH$
Ñï>mÝV:Ÿ&&45&&
gyÌmW© • Ohm± na gmÜ` Ho$ A^md _| gmYZ H$m A^md H$hm OmVm
42 narjm_wI
h¡, dh ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝV h¡Ÿ& O¡go • Ohm± A{¾ Zht h¡, dhm± Yy_ ^r Zhr
hmoVmŸ& O¡go • Obme`Ÿ&
CnZ` H$m bjU •
hoVmoéng§hma CnZ`:Ÿ&&46&&
gyÌmW© • hoVw Ho$ XwhamZo H$mo CnZ` H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gmÜ` Ho$ gmW {OgH$m A{dZm^md h¡ • Eogo hoVw H$m
{d{eï> gmÜ`ê$nr Y_u _| {OgHo$ Ûmam àXe©Z {H$`m OmVm h¡, CgH$mo
CnZ` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& ""CnZr`Vo hoVw: `oZ g: CnZ`'' BgàH$ma go CnZ`
eãX H$s {Zé{º$ h¡Ÿ&
{ZJ_Z H$m ñdê$n •
à{Vkm`mñVw {ZJ_Z_²Ÿ&&47&&
gyÌmW© • à{Vkm Ho$ XwhamZo H$mo {ZJ_Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `h nd©V A{¾dmbm h¡ (à{Vkm) Yy_dmbm hmoZo go
(hoVw) O¡go agmoB©Ka (CXmhaU) Ohm±-Ohm± A{¾ Zht hmoVr h¡, dhm±-
dhm± Yw±Am ^r Zht hmoVm h¡ (ì`{VaoH$ ì`m{á) O¡go Obme` (ì`{VaoH$
Ñï>mÝV) My§{H$ nd©V na Yw§Am h¡ (CnZ`) AV: `hm± A{¾ h¡ ({ZJ_Z)
BgàH$ma AZw_mZ Ho$ nm±M Ad`d K{Q>V {H$`o OmVo h¢Ÿ&
AZw_mZ Ho$ àH$ma •
VXZw_mZ§ ÛoYmŸ&&48&&
ñdmW©namW©^Xo mV²Ÿ&&49&&
gyÌmW© • dh AZw_mZ Xmo àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& 1. ñdmW© AZw_mZ 2.
namW© AZw_mZŸ&
ñdmW©_ºw $bjU_²Ÿ&&50&&
gyÌmW© • ñdmW© AZw_mZ H$m bjU H$hm Om MwH$m h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gmYZ go gmÜ` Ho$ kmZ H$mo AZw_mZ H$hVo h¢ • Eogm Omo
nyd© _| AZw_mZ H$m bjU H$hm h¡, dhr ñdmWm©Zw_mZ H$m bjU h¡Ÿ&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 43
namW© AZw_mZ H$m ñdê$n •
namWª Vw VXW©nam_{e©dMZmÁOmV_²Ÿ&&51&&
gyÌmW© • Cg ñdmWm©Zw_mZ Ho$ {df`^yV AW© H$m nam_e© AWm©V²
{df` H$aZodmbo dMZm| go Omo kmZ CËnÞ hmoVm h¡, Cgo namWm©Zw_mZ
H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • Xygam| Ho$ dMZm| Ho$ Ûmam gmYZ go Omo gmÜ` H$m kmZ
hmoVm h¡, dh namWm©Zw_mZ h¡ Am¡a Xygam| Ho$ dMZ {~Zm hr ñd`§ gmYZ go
Omo gmÜ` H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡, dh ñdmWm©Zw_mZ h¡Ÿ&
AMoVZ dMZ gmjmV² AkmZ H$s {Zd¥{Îm _| H$maU Zht hmo gH$Vo h¢,
AV: CZ dMZm| Ho$ Ûmam _w»`V`m à_mUVm H$m A^md h¡Ÿ& VWm{n
kmZê$n _w»` AZw_mZ Ho$ hoVw hmoZo go CZ dMZm| H$mo Jm¡Uê$n go AZw_mZ
g§km Xr JB© h¡Ÿ& Bg Vah go dMZm| H$mo ^r Jm¡U ê$n go namWm©Zw_mZ H$hm
OmZo _| {H$gr H$mo ^r H$moB© Amn{Îm H$m AdH$me Zht ahZm Mm{hEŸ&
Bgr ~mV H$mo AJbo gyÌ _| H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ&
VÛMZ_{n VÕoVËw dmV²Ÿ&&52&&
gyÌmW© • namWm©Zw_mZ Ho$ H$maU hmoZo go "VX²' AWm©V² namWm©Zw_mZ Ho$
à{VnmXH$ dMZm| H$mo ^r namWm©Zw_mZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gmÜ`-gmYZ^yV AW© Ho$ ÚmoVH$ dMZ ^r bjU^yV
_w»` AZw_mZ H$m {Z{_Îm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CnMma go namWm©Zw_mZ H$hbmVo
h¢Ÿ& O¡go H$moB© nd©Vm{X _| Yy_ H$mo XoIH$a g_rnñW nwéf H$mo H$hVm h¡ {H$
""`hm± na A{¾ Adí` h¡; Š`m|{H$ Yy_ {XIbm`r Xo ahm h¡Ÿ&'' • Bg
gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$ dMZ H$mo gwZH$a CgHo$ {Z{_Îm go g_rnñW nwéf H$mo
Omo gmÜ`-gmYZ H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡, dh dmñV{dH$ namWm©Zw_mZ h¡ Am¡a
Cg kmVm nwéf Ho$ Omo gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$ dMZ_mÌ h¡, dh Am¡nMm[aH$
namWm©-Zw_mZ h¡Ÿ&
44 narjm_wI
hoVw Ho$ àH$ma •
g hoVÛw Y
} m CnbãÜ`ZwnbpãY^oXmV²Ÿ&&53&&
gyÌmW© • dh hoVw Xmo àH$ma H$m h¡ • 1. CnbpãYê$n hoVw, 2. AZw-
nbpãYê$n hoVwŸ&
ì`m»`m • CnbpãY H$m AW© {dÚ_mZVm go h¡Ÿ& ~m¡Õ bmoJ CnbpãY
ê$n hoVw H$mo {d{Y AWm©V² gX²^md H$m gmYH$ _mZVo h¢Ÿ& BgràH$ma
AZwnbpãY Zm_ A{dÚ_mZVm H$m h¡ Am¡a ~m¡Õ Bgo à{VfoY AWm©V²
A^md H$m hr gmYH$ _mZVo h¢oŸ&
O¡ZmMm`© Cº$ {Z`_ H$m {ZfoY H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ {H$, CnbpãY Am¡a
AZwnbpãY ê$n XmoZm| hr hoVw {d{Y Am¡a à{VfoY XmoZm| Ho$ gmYH$ h¢ •
CnbpãY{d©{Yà{VfoY`moaZwnbpãYíMŸ&&54&&
gyÌmW© • CnbpãY ê$n hoVw {d{Y Am¡a à{VfoY XmoZm| H$m gmYH$ h¡Ÿ&
Bgr Vah AZwnbpãY ê$n hoVw ^r XmoZm| H$m gmYH$ h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • CnbpãY ê$n hoVw Ho$ Xmo ^oX h¢ • 1. A{déÕ-CnbpãY
Am¡a 2. {déÕ-CnbpãYŸ& BZ_| nhbm {d{Y AWm©V² gX²^md ê$n dñVw
H$mo gmYZo dmbm h¢, Am¡a Xygam à{VfoY AWm©V² A^md H$mo gmYZodmbm
h¡Ÿ& BgràH$ma AZwnbpãY ê$n hoVw Ho$ ^r Xmo ^oX h¢Ÿ& A{déÕ-AZwnbpãY
Am¡a {déÕ-AZwnbpãYŸ& BZ_| nhbm {ZfoY gmYH$ Am¡a Xygam {d{Y
gmYH$ h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕmonbpãY Ho$ {d{Y H$s {g{Õ H$aZodmbo ^oXm| H$m {dñVma go
H$WZ H$aVo h¢ •
A{déÕmonbpãY{d©Ym¡ fmo‹T>m
ì`mß`H$m`©H$maUnydm}ÎmaghMa^oXmV²Ÿ&&55
gyÌmW© • {d{Yê$n gmÜ` Ho$ ahZo na A{déÕ-CnbpãYê$n hoVw Ho$
N>h ^oX hmoVo h¢ • 1. ì`mß` A{déÕmonbpãY hoVw 2. H$m`© A{déÕmon-
bpãY hoVw 3. H$maU A{déÕmonbpãY 4. nyd©Ma A{déÕmonbpãY
5. CÎmaMa A{déÕmonbpãY Am¡a 6. ghMa A{déÕmonbpãY hoVwŸ&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 45
~m¡Õ bmoJ ñd^md hoVw VWm H$m`©hoVw Ho$ ^oX go {d{Y-gmYH$ hoVw Ho$
Xmo hr àH$ma _mZVo h¢Ÿ& do H$maUê$n hoVw H$m {ZfoY H$aVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ Bg
_ÝVì` H$mo Agå`H²$ ~VbmVo hþE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
agmXoH$gm_J²«`Zw_mZoZ ê$nmZw_mZ{_ÀN>{X²^[aï>_od
qH${MËH$maU§ hoVw`©Ì
gm_Ï`m©à{V~ÝYH$maUmÝVamd¡H$ë`oŸ&&56&&
gyÌmW© • ag go EH$ gm_J«r Ho$ AZw_mZ Ûmam ê$n H$m AZw_mZ
ñdrH$ma H$aZodmbo ~m¡Õm| Zo H$moB© {d{eï> H$maUê$n hoVw _mZm hr h¡Ÿ&
{Og_| {H$ gm_Ï`© H$m à{V~ÝY Zht h¡ Am¡a Xygao H$maUm| go {dH$bVm
(AnyU©Vm) Zht h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {H$gr ì`{º$ Zo JhZ AÝYH$ma _| Am_ Ho$ ag H$mo MImŸ&
dh CgHo$ _rR>o ag Ho$ ñdmX go gmoMVm h¡ {H$ BgH$m ê$n nrbm hmoZm
Mm{hEŸ& `hm± ~m¡Õ, ag go EH$ gm_J«r Ho$ AZw_mZ Ûmam ê$n H$m AZw_mZ
H$aVo h¢Ÿ& {Oggo `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo ^r H$maU ê$n hoVw H$mo
_mZm h¡Ÿ& Ohm± na H$maU H$s gm_Ï`© {H$gr _{U-_ÝÌm{X go amoH$ Xr
Om`oJr, AWdm {H$gr ghH$mar H$maU H$s H$_r hmoJr, dhm± H$maU-H$m`©
H$m J_H$ Zht hmoJm, AÝ`Wm Vmo Adí` hr hmoJmŸ&
Z M nydm}ÎmaMm[aUmoñVmXmËå`§ VXwËn{Îmdm© H$mbì`dYmZo
VXZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&57&&
gyÌmW© • nyd©Ma Am¡a CÎmaMa hoVwAm| H$m gmÜ` Ho$ gmW VmXmËå`
g§~§Y Zht h¡, AV: ñd^md hoVw _| AÝV^m©d Zht hmoJm VWm VXwËn{Îm
g§~§Y ^r Zht h¡, AV: H$m`©-hoVw Am¡a H$maU-hoVw _| ^r AÝV^m©d Zht
hmo gH$Vm, Š`m|{H$ `o XmoZm| g§~§Y H$mb Ho$ ì`dYmZ (AÝVamb) _| Zht
hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
`hm± ~m¡Õm| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ H$mb Ho$ ì`dYmZ _| ^r H$m`©-H$maU^md
XoIm hr OmVm h¡, O¡go {H$ OmJ«VXem Am¡a à~wÕXem^mdr kmZ _| VWm
_aU Am¡a A[aï> _| ^r H$m`©-H$maU^md XoIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& gyÌH$ma CZH$s
Bg _mÝ`Vm H$m IÊS>Z H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
46 narjm_wI
^mì`VrV`mo_©aUOmJ«X²~moY`moa{n Zm[aï>moÛmoYm¡ à{V
hoVËw d_²Ÿ&&58&&
gyÌmW© • ^mdr_aU Am¡ a AVrV OmJ« V ~mo Y Ho $ ^r A[aï>
(AneHw$Z) Am¡a CX²~moY Ho$ à{V H$maUnZm Zht h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • A[aï> AWm©V² AneHw$Z ê$n _| hñV H$s V{Ûf`H$ aoImE±
VWm eara H$s aMZm H$aZodmbo AÑï>H$_© Am{X H$maU g_yh hmoVo h¢, Am¡a
do ^mdr _aU Am¡a amÁ`m{XH$ H$s àm{á Ho$ AZw_mZ H$aZodmbo hmoVo h¢;
naÝVw `h H$hm Omdo {H$ ^{dî` H$m _aU dV©_mZ A[aï> H$m H$maU h¡, Vmo
A[aï>ê$n CgH$m H$m`© H¡$go H$hm Omdo ? AV: BZ_| H$maU-H$m`© g§~§Y
Zht _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& BgrVah go ~m¡Óm| Zo am{Ì _| gmoVo g_` H$m kmZ
àmV:H$mb Ho$ kmZ H$m H$maU _mZm h¡, Vmo O~ gmoZo go nyd©-g_` H$m kmZ
Zï> hr hmo J`m h¡, V~ dh àmV:H$mb Ho$ kmZ H$m H$maU H¡$go H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡ ? `Ú{n `hm± H$mb H$m ì`dYmZ XoIm Om ahm h¡; naÝVw H$m`©-
H$maU g§~§Y ñWm{nV Zht hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& AmMm`© Bg {df` _| `w{º$ XoVo h¢ •
VX²ì`mnmam{lV§ {h VX²^md^m{dËd_²Ÿ&&59&&
gyÌmW© • H$maU Ho$ ì`mnma Ho$ Am{lV hr H$m`© H$m ì`mnma hþAm
H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • H$m`©-H$maU g§~§Y Vmo gd©Ì AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ go hr
OmZm OmVm h¡, Am¡a `o XmoZm| H$m`© Ho$ à{V H$maU Ho$ ì`mnma H$s Anojm _|
hr K{Q>V hmoVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go Hw$å^H$ma H$m KQ> Ho$ à{V AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$ nm`m
OmVm h¡, AWm©V² Hw$å^H$ma Ho$ hmoZo na hr KQ> H$s CËn{Îm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& CgHo$
A^md _| ZhtŸ& {H$ÝVw Ohm± H$mbH$m A{Vì`dYmZ hmoVm h¡, CZ_| H$maU
Ho$ ì`mnma H$m Am{lVnZm Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: Z Vmo gmoVo g_` Ho$ kmZ
Am¡a àmV:H$mb CR>Vo g_` Ho$ kmZ _| H$m`©-H$maU g§~§Y h¡ Am¡a Z hr
_aU Am¡a A[aï> Ho$ _Ü` _| hr h¡Ÿ&
ghMa hoVw H$m ñd^md hoVw Am¡a H$m`© hoVw go nmW©Š` •
ghMm[aUmoa{n
nañnan[ahmaoUmdñWmZmËghmoËnmXmƒŸ&&60&&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 47
gyÌmW© • ghMmar nXmW© ^r nañna Ho$ n[ahma go ahVo h¢Ÿ& AV:
ghMa hoVw H$m ñd^md hoVw _| AÝV^m©d Zht hmo gH$Vm, VWm do EH$gmW
CËnÞ hmoVo h¢, AV: CZH$m H$m`© hoVw Am¡a H$maU hoVw _| ^r AÝV^m©d
Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& O¡go `wJnX CËnÞ hþE Jm` Ho$ gtJ _| H$m`©-H$maU^md
Zht; \$bm| Ho$ ê$n Am¡a ag _|§ H$m`©-H$maU Zht h¡Ÿ& AV: ghMa hoVw H$mo
{^Þ hr _mZZm Mm{hEŸ&
A~ H«$_ àmá A{déÕì`mß`monbpãYê$n ì`mß` hoVw H$m CXmhaU
XoVo hþE AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$nyd©H$ {eî` Ho$ {bE à{Vkm{X nm±Mm| Ad`dm|
H$mo àX{e©V H$aVo h¢ …•
n[aUm_r eãX:, H¥$VH$ËdmV²Ÿ& ` Ed§ g Ed§ Ñï>mo `Wm KQ>:Ÿ&
H¥$VH$íMm`_², Vñ_mËn[aUm_r{VŸ& `ñVw Z n[aUm_r, g Z
H¥$VH$mo Ñï>mo `Wm dÝÜ`mñVZÝY`:Ÿ& H¥$VH$íMm`_²,
Vñ_mËn[aUm_rŸ&&61&&
gyÌmW© • eãX n[aU_Zerb h¡ (à{Vkm) Š`m|{H$ dh {H$`m OmVm h¡
(hoVw) Omo H¥$VH$ hmoVm h¡, dh n[aUm_r XoIm OmVm h¡ • O¡go KQ> (AÝd`
Ñï>mÝV), My±{H$ eãX H¥$VH$ h¡ (CnZ`) AV: n[aUm_r h¡ ({ZJ_Z) Omo
n[aUm_r Zht hmoVm dh H¥$VH$ ^r Zht XoIm OmVm h¡, O¡go dÝÜ`m ór
H$m nwÌ (ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝV), Am¡a eãX H¥$VH$ h¡ (CnZ`), Bg{bE dh
n[aU_r h¡ ({ZJ_Z)&
Omo nXmW© AnZr CËn{Îm _| AÝ` Ho$ ì`mnma H$s Anojm aIVm h¡,
dh H¥$VH$ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕ H$m`m}nbpãYê$n hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
AñË`Ì Xo{h{Z ~w{Õì`m©hmamXo:Ÿ&&62&&
gyÌmW© • Bg eara-YmaH$ àmUr _| ~w{Õ h¡, Š`m|{H$ ~w{Õ Ho$ H$m`©
dMZ Am{XH$ nm`o OmVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± na ~w{Õ gmÜ` h¡, Am¡a CgH$m {damoY Z H$aZodmbo
ì`{º$ Ho$ H$m`©ê$n dMZ H$s Hw$ebVm d _wI H$m AmH$ma {deof `h
AnZo gmÜ` H$s {g{Õ H$aVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ ~w{Õ Ho$ AÑí` ahVo hþE CgH$m
48 narjm_wI V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 49

H$m`© dMZ H$mo XoIH$a ~w{Õ H$m gÎd {gÕ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AV: dh
A{déÕ H$m`m}nbpãY H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕ H$maUmonbpãYê$n hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
AñË`ÌN>m`m N>ÌmV²Ÿ&&63&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± N>m`m h¡, Š`m|{H$ `hm± N>m`m H$m A{damoYr H$maU N>Ì
_m¡OyX h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕ nyd©MamonbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
CXoî`{V eH$Q>§ H¥${VH$moX`mV²Ÿ&&64&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± _whÿVm©ÝV nX H$m AÜ`mhma H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& V~ BgH$m
AW© hmoJm {H$ EH$ _whÿV© Ho$ ~mX eH$Q> AWm©V² amohUr ZjÌ H$m CX`
hmoJm, Š`m|{H$ A^r H¥${VH$m ZjÌ H$m CX` hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&
à{V{XZ H«$_ go EH$-EH$ _yhV© Ho$ níMmV² ApídZr, ^aUr, H¥${VH$m,
amo{hUr, _¥J{eam, AmÐm©, nwZd©gw, nwî` Am{X ZjÌm| H$m CX` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
O~ {OgH$m CX` {dd{jV hmo, V~ CgHo$ nyd©dVu ZjÌ H$mo nyd©Ma Am¡a
CÎmadVu ZjÌ H$mo CÎmaMa OmZZm Mm{hEŸ&
A{déÕ CÎmaMamonbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
CX²>JmX² ^a{U: àmŠVV EdŸ&&65&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± "VV Ed' nX go H¥${VH$moX` H$m AW© boZm Mm{hEŸ&
VXZwgma AW© hmoJm {H$ EH$ _whyV© Ho$ nyd© hr ^aUr H$m CX` hmo MwH$m h¡,
Š`m|{H$ A^r H¥${VH$m H$m CX` hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& `hm± ^aUr go H¥${VH$m ZjÌ
CÎmaMa h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕghMamonbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
AñË`Ì _mVwqbJo ê$n§ agmV²Ÿ&&66&&
gyÌmW© • Bg _mVwqbJ ({dOm¡am) _| ê$n h¡, Š`m|{H$ CgH$m A{damoYr
ghMa ag nm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& `hm± ê$n H$m A{déÕ ghMa ag CnpñWV
hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&
{déÕmonbpãY Ho$ ^oX •
{déÕVXwnbpãY: à{VfoYo VWmŸ&&67&&
gyÌmW© • à{VfoY {gÕ H$aZodmbr {déÕmonbpãY Ho$ ^r N>h ^oX
h¢ …- 1. {déÕì`mß`mobpãY, 2. {déÕH$m`m}nbpãY, 3. {déÕ-
H$maUmonbpãY, 4. {déÕnyd©MamonbpãY, 5. {déÕCÎmaMamonbpãY,
6. {déÕghMamonbpãYŸ&
{déÕ ì`mß`monbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
ZmñË`Ì erVñne©: Am¡îÊ`mV²Ÿ&&68&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± na erVñne© Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ CîUVm nm`r OmVr h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • àñVwV CXmhaU _| erV Ho$ ñne© H$m {ZfoY {H$`m Om ahm
h¡, Š`m|{H$ CgH$s {damoYr A{¾ h¡ Am¡a Cg_| ì`mß` CîUVm H$s àm{á hmo
ahr h¡Ÿ&
{déÕ H$m`m}nbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
ZmñË`Ì erVñnem} Yy_mV²Ÿ&&69&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± na erVñne© Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ Yy_ h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± ^r à{VfoY Ho$ `mo½` gmÜ` Omo erVñne© CgH$s
{déÕ A{¾ Am¡a CgH$m H$m`© ê$n Yy_ nm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& `hm± na H$m`©
ê$n hoVw H$s _w»`Vm h¡Ÿ&
{déÕ H$maUmonbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
Zmpñ_Z² ear[a{U gwI_pñV öX`eë`mV²Ÿ&&70&&
gyÌmW© • Bg earaYmar àmUr _| gwI Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ öX` _| eë`
nm`r OmVr h¡Ÿ&
`hm± gwI H$m {damoYr Xw:I h¡, CgH$m H$maU öX` _| eë` H$s
CnbpãY h¡Ÿ&
{déÕ nyd©MamonbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
ZmoXoî`{V _whÿÎmm©ÝVo eH$Q>§ aodË`wX`mV²Ÿ&&71&&
gyÌmW© • EH$ _whÿV© Ho$ níMmV² amo{hUr H$m CX` Zht hmoJm, Š`m|{H$
A^r aodVr ZjÌ H$m CX` Mb ahm h¡Ÿ&
50 narjm_wI
ì`m»`m • `hm± na amo{hUr Ho$ CX` H$m {damoYr ApídZr H$m CX`
h¡, CgH$m nyd©Ma aodVr ZjÌ h¡Ÿ& CgH$m CX` nm`o OmZo go `h {déÕ-
nyd©MamonbpãY H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
{déÕmoÎmaMamonbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
ZmoXJmX²^a{U_wh© Îÿ mm©Ënydª nwî`moX`mV²Ÿ&&72&&
gyÌmW© • EH$ _whÿV© Ho$ nhbo ^a{U ZjÌ H$m CX` Zht hþAm,Š`m|{H$
nwî`ZjÌ H$m CX` Mb ahm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • ^a{U ZjÌ Ho$ CX` H$m {damoYr nwZd©gw H$m CX` h¡ Am¡a
CgH$m CÎmaMa nwî`moX` h¡, AV: nwî`moX` ^a{UZjÌ Ho$ CX` H$m {déÕ
CÎmaMa h¡Ÿ&
{déÕ ghMamonbpãY hoVw •
ZmñË`Ì {^Îmm¡ na^mJm^mdmo@dm©½^mJXe©ZmV²Ÿ&&73&&
gyÌmW© • Bg Xrdmb _| na^mJ H$m A^md Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ Adm©½^mJ
AWm©V² BYa H$m ^mJ {XIm`r Xo ahm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± na Xrdmb Ho$ na^mJ Ho$ A^md H$m {damoYr CgH$m
gX²^md h¡, Š`m|{H$ CgH$m ghMmar Bg Amoa H$m ^mJ nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕmZwnbpãY hoVw Ho$ ^oX •
A{déÕmZwnbpãY… à{VfoYo gáYm •
ñd^mdì`mnH$H$m`©H$maU-
nydm}ÎmaghMamZwnbå^^oXmV²Ÿ&&74&&
gyÌmW© • à{VfoY AWm©V² A^md H$mo {gÕ H$aZodmbo A{déÕmZwn-
bpãY ê$n hoVw Ho$ gmV ^oX h¢ • 1. A{déÕ ñd^mdmZwnbpãY
2. A{déÕ ì`mnH$mZw n bpãY, 3. A{déÕ H$m`m© Z w n bpãY 4.
A{déÕH$maUmZwnbpãY 5. A{déÕnyd©MamZwnbpãY, 6. A{déÕmoÎma-
MamZwnbpãY, 7. A{déÕghMamZwnbpãYŸ&
A{déÕñd^mdmZwnbpãY H$m CXmhaU •
ZmñË`Ì ^yVbo KQ>m@o ZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&75&&
gyÌmW© • Bg ^yVb na KQ> Zht h¡; Š`m|{H$ CnbpãY `mo½` ñd^md
Ho$ hmoZo na ^r dh nm`m Zht Om ahm h¡Ÿ&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 51
ì`m»`m • `hm± na `{X `h àíZ hmo {H$ BgràH$ma na_mUw Am{XH$
Zht h¢, Š`m|{H$ CZH$s AZwnbpãY h¡ Vmo `h hoVw gpÝX½YmZoH$mpÝVH$ h¡Ÿ&
gå^d h¡ {H$ na_mUw Am{XH$ AÑí` VWm gyú_ ñd^md hmoZo go AZwnbãY
hm|, Š`m|{H$ ZoÌ CZH$mo {df` H$aZ| _| Ag_W© h¡Ÿ& AV: Bg Xmof H$mo Xya
H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm J`m {H$ KQ> H$m ñd^md Vmo CnbpãY Ho$ `mo½` h¡, {\$a
^r KQ> `hm± àmá Zht hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& AV: `h A{déÕ ñd^mdmZwnbpãY
hoVw H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕì`mnH$mZwnbpãY hoVw •
ZmñË`Ì qeenm d¥jmZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&76&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± na ere_ Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ d¥j Zht nm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • qeenmËd d¥jËd Ho$ gmW ì`má h¡Ÿ& AV: O~ `hm± na
ì`mnH$ d¥jËd H$m hr A^md h¡ Vmo CgHo$ ì`mß` qeenmËd H$m ^r
A^md hmoJm hrŸ& BgàH$ma qeenmËd _| ì`mnH$ d¥jËd Ho$ Zht nm`o
OmZo go `h A{déÕ ì`mnH$mZwnbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕ H$m`m©ZwnbpãY hoVw •
ZmñË`Ìmà{V~Õgm_Ï`m}@{¾Y©_y mZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&77&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± na {~Zm gm_Ï`© éH$s A{¾ Zht h¡ AWm©V² Jrbo BªYZ
Ho$ g§`moJ hmoZo na YwE§ ê$n H$m`© H$mo n¡Xm H$aZo H$s gm_Ï`© dmbr A{¾
Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ YwAm± H$s AZwnbpãY h¡Ÿ& Aà{VhV e{º$dmbr A{¾
H$m A^md CgHo$ A{damoYr H$m`© Yy_ Ho$ Zht nm`o OmZo go {gÕ h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕ H$maUmZwnbpãY hoVw •
ZmñË`Ì Yy_mo@Z½Zo:Ÿ&&78&&
gyÌmW© • `hm± na Yy_ Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ Yy_ Ho$ A{damoYrH$maU A{¾
H$m A^md h¡Ÿ& AV: `h A{déÕ H$maUê$n AZwnbpãY H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕnydM © amZwnbpãY hoVw •
Z ^{dî`{V _whyVm©ÝVo eH$Q>§ H¥${VH$moX`mZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&79&&
gyÌmW© • EH$ _whÿV© Ho$ níMmV² amo{hUr (eH$Q>) H$m CX` Zht hmoJm,
Š`m|{H$ A^r H¥${VH$m H$m CX` Zht nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& `hm± na amo{hUr Ho$
52 narjm_wI
CX` H$m A{damoYr nyd©Ma Omo H¥${VH$m H$m CX` h¡, CgHo$ Zht nm`o OmZo
go `h A{déÕnyd©MamZwnbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
A{déÕmoÎmaMamZwnbpãY hoVw •
ZmoXJmØa{U_wh© Îÿ mm©ËàmH²$ VV EdŸ&&80&&
gyÌmW© • EH$ _whÿV© go nhbo ^aUr H$m CX` Zht hþAm h¡, Š`m|{H$
A^r CgHo$ CX` Ho$ A{damoYr CÎmMa H¥${VH$m H$m CX` Zht nm`m
OmVm h¡Ÿ&
`hm± "VV Ed' nX go H¥${VH$m Ho$ CX` H$s AZwnbpãY H$m AW© {b`m
Om`oJmŸ&
A{déÕ ghMamZwnbpãY hoVw •
ZmñË`Ì g_Vwbm`m_wÞm_mo Zm_mZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&81&&
gyÌmW© • Bg g_mZ VmobZo dmbr VamOy _| EH$ Amoa D±$MmnZ Zht
h¡, Š`m|{H$ EH$ Amoa Ho$ D±$MonZ H$m A{damoYr ghMa Xygar Amoa H$m
ZrMmnZ Zht nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
{déÕmZwnbpãY Ho$ ^oX •
{déÕmZwnbpãY{d©Ym¡ ÌoYm
{déÕH$m`©H$maUñd^mdmZwnbpãY^oXmV²Ÿ&&82&&
gyÌmW© • {d{Y AWm©V² dñVw Ho$ gX²^md H$mo {gÕ H$aZo _| {déÕmZwn-
bpãY Ho$ VrZ ^oX h¢ …• 1. {déÕH$m`m©ZwnbpãY 2. {déÕH$maUm-
ZwnbpãY 3. {déÕñd^mdmZwnbpãYŸ&
gmÜ` go {déÕ nXmW© Ho$ H$m`© H$m Zht nm`m OmZm {déÕH$m`m©Zwn-
bpãY h¡Ÿ& gmÜ` go {déÕ nXmW© Ho$ H$maU H$m Zht nm`m OmZm
{déÕH$maUmZwnbpãY h¡, VWm gmÜ` go {déÕ nXmW© Ho$ ñd^md H$m
Zht nm`m OmZm {déÕñd^mdmZwnbpãY h¡Ÿ& `o VrZm| hr hoVw AnZo gmÜ`
Ho$ gX²^md H$mo {gÕ H$aVo h¢, AV: BÝh| {d{Y-gmYH$ H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ&
{déÕ H$m`m©ZwnbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
`Wm@pñ_Z² àm{U{Z ì`m{Y{deofmo@pñV,
{Zam_`Moï>mZwnbãYo:Ÿ&&83&&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 53
gyÌmW© • O¡go Bg àmUr _| ì`m{Y {deof (H$moB© amoJ) h¡, Š`m|{H$
{Zam_` (amoJ-a{hV) Moï>m Zht nm`r Om ahr h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "Am_`' amoJ H$mo H$hVo h¢ Cg Am_` Ho$ {déÕ CgH$m
A^md {Zam_` H$hbmVm h¡, {Zam_` H$m H$m`© {d{eï> Moï>m h¡ Am¡a
CgH$s AZwnbpãY hmoZo go amoJ Ho$ ApñVËd H$m AZw_mZ bJ Om`m
H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
{déÕH$maUmZwnbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
AñË`Ì Xo{h{Z Xw:I{_ï>g`§ moJm^mdmV²Ÿ&&84&&
gyÌmW© • Bg Ord _| Xw:I h¡, Š`m|{H$ Bï> g§`moJ H$m A^md h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • XwI Ho$ {déÕ gwI hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m H$maU A^rï>
nXmW© H$m g§`moJ h¡, Cg g§`moJ H$m A^md hmoZo go Xw:I H$m ApñVËd
OmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
{déÕñd^mdmZwnbpãY hoVw H$m CXmhaU •
AZoH$mÝVmË_H§$ dñËdoH$mÝVñdê$nmZwnbãYo…Ÿ&&85&&
gyÌmW© • dñVw AZoH$mÝVmË_H$ hmoVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ dñVw Ho$ EH$m§Vñdê$n
H$s AZwnbpãY h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • AZoH$mÝVmË_H$ gmÜ` H$m {damoYr {ZË`Ëd Am{X EH$mÝV
h¡, Z {H$ EH$mÝV nXmW© H$mo {df` H$aZodmbm kmZ, Š`m|{H$ {_Ï`mkmZ Ho$
ê$n _| CgH$s CnbpãY gå^d h¡Ÿ& {ZË`m{X EH$mÝVê$n nXmW© H$m ñdê$n
AdmñV{dH$ h¡, AV: CgH$s AZwnbpãY h¡Ÿ&
hoËdÝVam| H$m Cn`w©º$ hoVwAm| _| AÝV^m©d •
naåna`m gå^dËgmYZ_Ì¡dmÝV^m©dZr`_²Ÿ&&86&&
gyÌmW© • naånam go Omo gmYZê$n hoVw gå^d h¡, CZH$m BZ hr
hoVwAm| _| AÝV^m©d H$a boZm Mm{hEŸ&
A~ gyÌH$ma CÝht hoVwAm| Ho$ CnbjU Ho$ {bE Xmo CXmhaU àñVwV
H$aVo h¢ •
A^yXÌ MH«$o {edH$: ñWmgmV²Ÿ&&87&&
H$m`©H$m`©_{déÕH$m`m}nbãYm¡Ÿ&&88&&
gyÌmW© • Bg MH«$ na {edH$ hmo J`m h¡, Š`m|{H$ ñWmg nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
54 narjm_wI
ì`m»`m • Hw$å^H$ma O~ Jrbr {MH$Zr {_Å>r H$mo KQ> ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
MH«$ na M‹T>mVm h¡, V~ CgHo$ H«$_e: {edH$, N>ÌH$, ñWmg Am{X Zm_
dmbo AmH$ma ~ZVo h¢, nhbo {edH$ {\$a N>ÌH$ Am¡a VËníMmV² ñWmg
AmH$ma h¡Ÿ& AV: {edH$ H$m gmjmV² H$m`© Vmo N>ÌH$ h¡ Am¡a naånam H$m`©
ñWmg h¡, Bg{bE `hm± ñWmg ê$n H$m`© H$mo H$m`©hoVw H$hm h¡Ÿ&
{ZfoY ê$n gmÜ` Ho$ hmoZo na H$maU-{déÕ H$m`©hoVw H$m {déÕ
H$m`m}nbpãY _| AÝV^m©d hmoVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go •
ZmñË`Ì Jwhm`m§ _¥JH«$sS>Z§ _¥Jm[ag§eãXZmV²Ÿ&
H$maU{déÕH$m`ª- {déÕH$m`m}nbãYm¡ `WmŸ&&89&&
gyÌmW© • Bg Jw\$m _| {haU H$s H«$s‹S>m Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ qgh H$s JO©Zm
hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& `h _¥Jm[ag§eãXZmV² hoVw H$maU Ho$ {déÕ Omo H$m`© h¡, Cg
ê$n h¡, AV: Bg hoVw H$m {déÕH$m`m}nbpãY Zm_H$ hoVw _| AÝV^m©d
hmoJm, Š`m|{H$ {haU H$s H«$s‹S>m H$m H$maU CgH$s {Z^©`Vm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m
{damoYr qgh Ho$ JO©Zm ê$n H$m`© h¡ (Omo ^` H$mo CËnÞ H$aVm h¡) AV:
`h hoVw {déÕ H$m`m}nbpãY h¡Ÿ&
ì`wËnÞ OZm| H$s Anojm AZw_mZ Ho$ Ad`dm| Ho$ à`moJ H$m {Z`_•
ì`wËnÞà`moJñVw VWmonnÎ`m@Ý`WmZwnnÎ`¡d dmŸ&&90&&
gyÌmW© • ì`wËnÞ_{V ({dÛmZ²) nwéfm| Ho$ {bE VWmonn{Îm AWdm
AÝ`WmZwnn{Îm ê$n hoVw H$m hr à`moJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {dd{jV gmÜ` Ho$ hmoZo na hr `h hoVw hmoVm h¡, Eogm
VWmonn{Îm ê$n hoVw à`moJ AWdm Bg gmÜ` Ho$ Z hmoZo na `h hoVw ^r Zht
hmoVm • Eogm AÝ`WmZwn{Îmê$n hoVw à`moJ ì`wËnÞ_{V Ho$ à{V hþAm
H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bgr H$m CXmhaU AmJo gyÌH$ma XoVo h¢ …•
A{¾_mZ`§ XoeñVW¡d
Yy_dÎdmonnÎmoY_©y dËdmÝ`WmZwnnÎmodm©Ÿ&&91&&
gyÌmW© • `h àXoe A{¾dmbm h¡, Š`m|{H$ VW¡d AWm©V² A{¾dmbm
hmoZo na hr Yy_dmbm hmo gH$Vm h¡, AWdm A{¾ Ho$ A^md _| Yy_dmbm
hmo Zht gH$VmŸ&
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 55
`hm± H$moB© e§H$mH$ma H$hVm h¡ {H$ gmÜ`-gmYZ Ho$ A{V[aº$ Ñï>mÝV
Am{X H$m à`moJ ^r ì`m{á Ho$ kmZ H$amZo _| Cn`moJr h¡, {\$a ì`wËnÞ
nwéfm| H$s Anojm go CgHo$ à`moJ H$m {ZfoY Š`m| ?
A~ gyÌH$ma BgH$m CÎma XoVo hþE H$hVo h¢ •
hoVwà`moJmo {h `Wm ì`m{áJ«hU§ {dYr`Vo, gm M VmdÝ_mÌoU
ì`wËnÞ¡ado mY`©VŸo &&92&&
gyÌmW© • dñVwV: hoVw H$m à`moJ hr Cgr Vah H$m {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$
{Oggo ì`m{á H$m J«hU hmo OmdoŸ& AV: dh ì`m{á CVZo _mÌ go ì`wËnÞ
nwéfm| Ûmam AdYm[aV AWm©V² {ZpíMV H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bgr H$maU Ñï>m§Vm{X
Ho$ à`moJ go ì`m{á AdYmaU H$aZm Am{X Hw$N> ^r à`moOZ Zht ahVmŸ&
gmÜ` H$s {g{Õ Ho$ {bE Ñï>mÝVm{XH$ H$s {d\$bVm •
VmdVm M gmÜ`{g{Õ:Ÿ&&93&&
gyÌmW© • CVZo VWmonn{Îm Am{X ê$n hoVw _mÌ go hr gmÜ` H$s {g{Õ
hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {OgH$m {dnj _| ahZm {ZpíMVê$n go Agå^d h¡ Eogo
hoVw Ho$ à`moJ _mÌ go hr gmÜ` H$s {g{Õ hmo OmVr h¡, AV: CgHo$ {bE
Ñï>mÝVm{XH$ Ho$ à`moJ H$m H$moB© à`moOZ Zht ahVm h¡Ÿ&
nj Ho$ à`moJ H$s g\$bVm •
VoZ njñVXmYmagyMZm`moº$:Ÿ&&94&&
gyÌmW© • Bgr H$maU go gmÜ` Ho$ AmYma H$s gyMZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE
nj H$m à`moJ H$aZo H$mo H$hm h¡Ÿ&
BgàH$ma AZw_mZ Ho$ ñdê$n H$m à{VnmXZ H$aHo$ A~ gyÌH$ma
H«$_mZwgma AmJ_ Ho$ ñdê$n H$m {Zê$nU H$aZo Ho$ {bE gyÌmdVma H$aVo h¢ •
AmJ_ H$m ñdê$n •
AmádMZm{X{Z~ÝYZ_W©kmZ_mJ_:Ÿ&&95&&
gyÌmW© • Amá Ho$ dMZm{X H$maU h¢ {Og_| Eogo nXmW© Ho$ kmZ H$mo
AmJ_ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "`mo `Ì Ad§MH$: g VÌ Amá:' Omo {Og {df` _|
Ad§MH$ (R>J Zht), h¡ dh Cg {df` _| Amá h¡, BgàH$ma go Amá H$s
56 narjm_wI
n[a^mfm H$s JB© h¡Ÿ& `hm± drVamJr gd©k Amá A{^àoV h¡Ÿ& Eogo Amá Ho$
dMZ Am{X Ho$ {Z{_Îm go Omo nXmWm] H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡, dh AmJ_ à_mU
Ho$ ê$n _| _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ&
`hm± "Amá dmŠ`m{X' nmR>^oX ^r {_bVm h¡, naÝVw "dMZm{X' A{YH$
VÏ`naH$ d `w{º$g§JV h¡Ÿ& O¡Z Amá Ho$ gmW "dmŠ`' eãX H$s {dg§J{V
h¡Ÿ& dmŠ` H$s n[a^mfm à_o`H$_b_mV©ÊS> _| à^mMÝÐXod Zo BgàH$ma
H$s h¡ • ""dUm©Zm§ nañnamnojmUm§ {Zanoj: g_wXm`: nX_²ÐnXmZm§ Vw
VXnojmUm§ {Zanoj: g_wXm`: dmŠ`_²'' AWm©V² nañna _| gmnoj {H$ÝVw
dUm©ÝVa go {Zanoj Eogm dUm] H$m Omo g_wXm` h¡, CgH$mo nX H$hVo h¢
VWm dmŠ`m§VaJV nX go Vmo {Zanoj Am¡a nañna nXm| _| gmnoj Eogo nX
g_yh H$m Zm_ dmŠ` h¡Ÿ& naÝVw Amá AWm©V² VrWªH$a Ho$dbr H$s {Xì`Üd{Z
Am|H$ma ê$n AZjar hmoZo go dh BgVah Ho$ dmŠ`mË_H$ ê$n _| Zht h¡Ÿ&
O~{H$ "dMZ' eãX `w{º$g§JV h¡Ÿ& dMZ eãX "dM²' YmVw go ë`wQ> àË``
nyd©H$ ~Zm h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡ ~mobZo H$s {H«$`m-dmUr h¡, VWm BgH$m
EH$ AW© "enW' nyd©H$ dU©Z ^r h¡Ÿ& bmoH$ ì`dhma _| ^r _¢ dMZ XoVm
hÿ± H$m ì`dhma à{gÕ hr h¡Ÿ& gyÌH$ma Zo dMZm{X eãX Ho$ AjamË_H$ d
AZjamË_H$ lwV XmoZm| H$mo hr J«hU {H$`m h¡Ÿ& "Am{X' eãX go hmW,
A§Jwbr, _wI Am{X Ho$ g§Ho$V ^r J«hU {H$`o h¢ AWm©V² do ^r nXmW© H$m
kmZ H$amZo Hoo$ H$maU h¢Ÿ&
àñVwV gyÌ _| `{X "AW©kmZ_mJ_:' Eogm _mÌ H$hm OmVm h¡ Vmo
àË`jm{X à_mUm| Ho$ gmW A{Vì`m{á hmoVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ nXmWm] H$m kmZ
Vmo àË`jm{X go ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: "dMZm{X{Z~ÝYZ_W©kmZ_mJ_:'
Eogm H$hm Am¡a _mÌ BVZm hr H$hm OmVm h¡, Vmo {H$gr ^r aÏ`mnwéf,
gwá d R>J nwéf Ho$ dMZ ^r à_mU hmo OmVo; AV: "Amá' {deofU {X`m
h¡Ÿ& gyÌ _| "AW©' nX ~m¡Óm| Ho$ AnmohdmX H$m IÊS>Z H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
`hm± na {deof Ü`mZ XoZo `mo½` ~mV `h h¡ {H$ Amá Ho$ dMZ H$mo
dmñV{dH$ ê$n _| à_mU H$m H$maU Zht _mZm h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh dmUr Vmo
nm¡X²J{bH$ hmoZo go O‹S>ê$n h¡Ÿ& AV: à_mU H$mo{Q> _| Zht Am gH$Vr,
naÝVw Amá Ho$ dMZ H$mo Omo H$W§{MV² AmJ_ à_mU _mZm J`m h¡, dh Vmo
V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oX 57
H$maU _| H$m`© H$m CnMma H$aHo$ _mZm h¡Ÿ& My±{H$ dMZ ldU kmZ _|
{Z{_Îm h¡, AV: dMZ H$mo ^r AmJ_ à_mU {Z{_Îmm{X H$s Anojm go
H$h XoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw `h CnMma_mÌ h¡, dmñV{dH$ Vmo kmZ ê$n hr AmJ_ h¡Ÿ&
BgàH$ma Amá nwéfm| Ûmam H$ho hþE dMZm| H$mo gwZH$a nXmW© H$m Omo
kmZ hmoVm h¡, dh AmJ_ à_mU h¡ • Eogm {ZíM` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
`hm± na ~m¡Õ H$hVo h¢ {H$ eãX Am¡a AW© Ho$ g§~§Y H$m A^md h¡,
AV: Amá àUrV eãX go dñVw^yV AW© H$m kmZ H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡ ?
Bg e§H$m H$m g_mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
ghO`mo½`Vmg§H$o Vdem{Õ eãXmX`mo dñVwà{Vn{ÎmhoVd:Ÿ&&96&&
gyÌmW© • eãX,dU©, dMZm{X _| Eogr ghO `mo½`Vm h¡ {H$ {Og
`mo½`Vm Ho$ H$maU VWm g§Ho$V hmoZo Ho$ H$maU (`h KQ> h¡, Bg nXmW© H$mo
KQ> eãX go nwH$maVo h¢, BË`m{X g§Ho$V Ho$ H$maU) do eãXm{XH$ AW© H$m
kmZ H$amZo _| hoVw hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± na eãX Am¡a AW© H$s `mo½`Vm H$m {dMma Mb ahm
h¡Ÿ& O¡go kmZ Am¡a ko` AWdm à_mU d à_o` _| H$m`©-H$maU Am{X
g§~§Y Zht nm`o OmVo, A{nVw kmß`-kmnH$ g§~§Y nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Cgr
Vah eãX Am¡a AW© _| ^r dmMH$-dmÀ` g§~§Y nm`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg
g§~§Y Ho$ H$maU hr KQ> `h Xmo Aja dmbm eãX H§$~wJ«rdm{X Ho$ {d{eï>
nXmW© H$mo H$hVm h¡Ÿ& `h H§$~w Am{X AmH$ma go {d{eï> KQ> nXmW© hr Cº$
eãX Ûmam Adí` dmÀ` hmoVm h¡, VWm eãX Ûmam nXmW© _| ~ma-~ma
g§Ho$V ^r {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$, `h Jmob J«rdm{X AmH$madmbm Omo nXmW©
h¡, BgH$mo KQ> H$hZm, KQ> Eogm hmoVm h¡ Am{XŸ&
BgVah eãX H$s `mo½`Vm Ho$ hmoZo na g§Ho$V hmoVm h¡, Am¡a g§Ho$V
eãXm{XH$ dñVw Ho$ àVr{V _| hoVw hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&
`Wm_odm©X`: gpÝVŸ&&97&&
gyÌmW© • O¡go _oé nd©V Am{X nXmW© h¢ • Eogm H$hVo hr AmJ_moº$
_oénd©V H$s àVr{V hmo Om`m H$aVr h¡Ÿ&
B{V V¥Vr` n[aÀN>oXŸ&
58 narjm_wI
MVwW© n[aÀN>oX
à_mU H$m {df` •
gm_mÝ`{deofmË_m VXWm} {df`:Ÿ&&1&&
gyÌmW© • gm_mÝ` Am¡a {deof AmË_m AWm©V² ñdê$n h¡ {OgH$m
Eogm nXmW© dh à_mU H$m {df` h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • A{YH$m§e Xe©Z nXmW© _| gm_mÝ` d {deof Y_m] H$m
H$WZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Cg_| AÛ¡VdmXr d gm§»` nXmW© H$mo _mÌ gm_mÝ`mË_H$,
~m¡Õ nXmW© H$mo {deofmË_H$, naÝVw Z¡`m{`H$-d¡eo{fH$ gm_mÝ` H$mo ñdV§Ì
hr nXmW© _mZVo d {deof H$mo EH$ ñdV§Ì nXmW© _mZVo h¢, Am¡a CZH$m
Ðì` Ho$ gmW g_dm` g§~§Y _mZVo h¢Ÿ& Bg ê$n _| à_mU Ho$ {df`^yV,
nXmW© Ho$ {df` _|, Omo _V^oX h¢, CZ g~Ho$ {ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE gyÌ _|
gm_mÝ`-{deofmË_m Eogm {deofU {X`m h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m A{^àm` h¡ {H$
nXmW© Z Ho$db gm_mÝ`ê$n h¡, Z Ho$db {deofê$n h¡ Am¡a Z hr ñdV§Ì
C^`ê$n hr, A{nVw dh C^`mË_H$ h¡Ÿ&
`hm± na gm_mÝ` H$m A{^àm` Ðì` go d {deof H$m n`m©` go h¡Ÿ&
AZoH$mÝVmË_H$ dñVw Ho$ g_W©Z Ho$ Xmo hoVw •
AZwd¥Îmì`md¥ÎmàË``JmoMaËdmËnydm}ÎmamH$ma
n[ahmamdm{ápñW{V-bjU n[aUm_oZmW©{H«$`monÎmoíMŸ&&2&&
gyÌmW© • dñVw gm_mÝ`-{deofm{X AZoH$ Y_©dmbr h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh
AZwd¥ÎmàË`` Am¡a ì`md¥Îm àË`` H$s {df` h¡ VWm nyd© AmH$ma H$m
n[ahma, CÎma AmH$ma H$s àm{á Am¡a pñW{V bjU n[aUm_ Ho$ gmW
Cg_| AW©{H«$`m nm`r OmVr h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "`h Jm¡ h¡' `h ^r Jm¡ h¡ BgàH$ma H$s gÑí` AmH$madmbr
àVr{V H$mo AZwd¥Îm àË`` (kmZ) H$hVo h¢Ÿ& `h Jm` H$mbr h¡, `h
{MVH$~ar h¡, BgàH$ma H$s {deof AmH$madmbr àVr{V H$mo ì`md¥ÎmàË``
H$hVo h¢Ÿ& BZ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ àË``m| H$m JmoMa AWm©V² {df` hmoZm, CgHo$
MVwW© n[aÀN>oX 59
^md H$mo AZwd¥Îm-ì`md¥ÎmàË``JmoMaËd H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Bg àW_ hoVw Ho$ Ûmam
{V`©H²$ gm_mÝ` d ì`{VaoH$ bjU {deof g{hV Y_©dmbr dñVw H$s
{g{Õ H$s h¡Ÿ& Bggo nXmW© "AZoH$mÝVmË_H$' {gÕ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
nyd© AmH$ma Ho$ n[ahma H$mo ì`` H$hVo h¢ Am¡a CÎma AmH$ma H$s àm{á
H$mo CËnmX H$hVo h¢Ÿ& BZ XmoZm| CËnmX Am¡a ì`` Ho$ gmW dñVw H$s Omo
pñW{V h¡, Cgo Y«m¡ì` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& BZ VrZm| bjUm| go `wº$ n[aUm_ go AW©-
{H«$`m ~Z OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg Xygao hoVw Ho$ Ûmam D$ÜdVm©gm_mÝ` Am¡a n`m©`
Zm_H$ {deof BZ XmoZm| Y_©dmbr dñVw H$s {g{Õ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
gm_mÝ` Ho$ ^oX •
gm_mÝ`§ ÛoYm {V`©JÜy d©Vm^oXmV²Ÿ&&3&&
gyÌmW© • {V`©H²$ gm_mÝ` d D$Üd©Vm gm_mÝ` Ho$ ^oX go gm_mÝ` Xmo
àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
{V`©H²$ gm_mÝ` H$m ñdê$n d CXmhaU •
gÑen[aUm_pñV`©H$² IÊS>_Êw S>m{Xfw JmoËddV²Ÿ&&4&&
gyÌmW© • gÑe AWm©V² gm_mÝ` n[aUm_ H$mo {V`©H²$ gm_mÝ` H$hVo
h¢, O¡go IÊS>r-_wÊS>r Am{X Jm`m| _| Jm`nZm g_mZê$n go ahVm h¡Ÿ&
D$Üd©Vm gm_mÝ` H$m ñdê$n d CXmhaU •
namna{ddV©ì`m{nÐì`_yÜd©Vm _¥{Xd ñWmgm{Xfw &&5&&
gyÌmW© • nyd© Am¡a CÎma n`m©`m| _| ahZodmbo Ðì` H$mo D$Üd©Vm gm_mÝ`
H$hVo h¢, O¡go ñWmg, H$moe, Hw$gyb Am{X KQ> H$s {d{^Þ n`m©`m| _| {_Å>r
ahVr h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • H$mb H«$_ go hmoZodmbr n`m©`m| _| ì`má hmoH$a ahZo H$mo
D$Üd©Vm gm_mÝ` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& H$mb gX¡d AmJo H$s Amoa AWm©V² D$na H$s
Amoa MbVm h¡, Bg Anojm go BgH$m D$Üd©Vm gm_mÝ` ê$n _| Zm_H$aU
{H$`m h¡Ÿ& (BgHo$ {ddoMZ _| hmW D$na H$s Amoa CR>Vm h¡, Bg ê$n _|
D$Üd©Vm gm_mÝ` Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo g_Pm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bgr Vah {V`©H²$
60 narjm_wI n§M_… n[aÀN>oX… 61

gm_mÝ` Ho$ ñdê$n {ddoMZ _| hmW {VaN>m hmoH$a MbVm h¡, `h nañna
bm¡{H$H$ Ñ{ï> go {ddoMZ H$s Anojm ^oX h¡Ÿ&) n§M_ n[aÀN>oX
A~ {deof Ho$ ^oX H$hVo h¢ • à_mU H$m \$b •
{deofíMŸ&&6&& AkmZ{Zd¥{Îmhm©ZmonmXmZmonj
o míM \$b_²Ÿ&&1&&
gyÌmW© • AkmZ H$s {Zd¥{Îm, hmZ, CnmXmZ Am¡a Cnojm `o à_mU Ho$
n`m©`ì`{VaoH$^oXmV²Ÿ&&7&& \$b h¢Ÿ&
gyÌmW© • Am¡a {deof Ho$ ^r Xmo ^oX h¢Ÿ& n`m©` {deof Am¡a ì`{VaoH$ ì`m»`m • \$b Xmo àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡ • 1. gmjmV² 2. naånamŸ& dñVw
{deofŸ& Ho$ OmZZo Ho$ gmW hr VËH$mb {_bZodmbm gmjmV² \$b h¡Ÿ& nhbo {H$gr
n`m©` {deof H$m ñdê$n d CXmhaU • à_mU go Z OmZr hþB© dñVw H$mo O~ h_ OmZVo h¢, V~ VËH$mb hr Cg {df`
EH$pñ_ÝÐì`o H«$_^m{dZ: n[aUm_m: n`m©`m H$m AkmZ Xya hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `hr AkmZ H$s {Zd¥{Îm ê$n gmjmV² \$b h¡Ÿ&
AmË_{Z hf©{dfmXm{XdV²Ÿ&&8&& Omo \$b VËH$mb Z {_bo H$mbmÝVa _| naånam go {_bo dh naånam
\$b h¢Ÿ& dh hmZ, CnmXmZ Am¡a Cnojm Ho$ ^oX go VrZ àH$ma H$m h¡Ÿ&
gyÌmW© • EH$ Ðì` _| H«$_ go hmoZodmbo n[aUm_m| H$mo n`m©` H$hVo h¢ OmZZo Ho$ níMmV² A{Zï> `m A{hVH$a dñVw Ho$ Ë`mJ H$aZo H$mo hmZ, Bï>
• O¡go AmË_m _| hf© Am¡a {dfmX Am{X n[aUm_ H«$_ go hmoVo h¢Ÿ& `o hr `m {hVH$a dñVw Ho$ ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$mo CnmXmZ VWm Omo nXmW© Z {hVH$a
n`m©` {deof H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& h¡, Z A{hVH$a; CÝh| OmZZo na Z hr CZH$m J«hU H$aZm Z hr Ë`mJŸ&
ì`{VaoH$ {deof H$m ñdê$n d CXmhaU • CZHo$ à{V ghO CXmgrZ ahZm • `h Cnojm H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
AWm©ÝVaJVmo {dgÑen[aUm_mo ì`{VaoH$mo `h à_mU H$m \$b à_mU go {^Þ h¡ `m A{^Þ, Bg e§H$m Ho$
Jmo_{hfm{XdV²Ÿ&&9&& {ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ •
gyÌmW© • EH$ nXmW© H$s Anojm AÝ` nXmW© _| ahZodmbo {dgÑe à_mUmX{^Þ§ {^Þ§ MŸ&&2&&
n[aUm_ H$mo ì`{VaoH$ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go Jm`-^¢g Am{X _| {d{^ÞVm nm`r gyÌmW© • dh \$b à_mU go H$W§{MV² A{^Þ h¡, Am¡a H$W§{MV² {^Þ h¡Ÿ&
H$W§{MV² A^oX Ho$ àXe©Z Ho$ {bE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
OmVr h¡Ÿ&
`: à{__rVo g Ed {Zd¥ÎmmkmZmo OhmË`mXÎmo CnojVo Mo{V àVrVo:Ÿ&&3&&
B{V MVwW© n[aÀN>oXŸ& gyÌmW© • Omo à_mU go nXmW© H$mo OmZVm h¡, Cgr H$m AkmZ {Zd¥Îm
hmoVm h¡, dhr A{Zï> dñVw H$m Ë`mJ H$aVm h¡, Bï> dñVw H$mo J«hU H$aVm h¡
Am¡a {Ogo AnZo {bE Bï>-A{Zï> ê$n Zht g_PVm h¡, CgH$s Cnojm
H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgàH$ma H$s àVr{V hmoZo go {gÕ h¡ {H$, à_mU go \$b
H$W§{MV² A{^Þ h¡Ÿ&
à_mU Am¡a CgHo$ \$b H$s ^oX àVr{V hmoVr h¡, Bg{bE XmoZm| {^Þ h¢Ÿ&
B{V n§M_ n[aÀN>oXŸ&
62 narjm_wI
fð> n[aÀN>oX
Am^mgm| H$m ñdê$n •
VVmo@Ý`ÎmXm^mg_²Ÿ&&1&&
gyÌmW© • CZgo AWm©V² D$na {OZH$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡, Eogo à_mU
H$m ñdê$n, g§»`m, {df` Am¡a \$b go AÝ` AWm©V² {dnarV H$mo VXm^mg
H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
`WmW© ñdê$n go a{hV hmoZo na ^r CZ O¡go à{V^m{gV hmoZodmbo
ñdê$nm{X H$mo VXm^mg H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
A~ gyÌH$ma H«$_àmá ñdê$nm^mg H$mo ~VbmVo h¢ •
Añdg§{d{XVJ¥hrVmW©Xe©Zg§e`mX`: à_mUm^mgm:Ÿ&&2&&
gyÌmW© • Añdg§{d{XV, J¥hrVmW©, Xe©Z Am¡a g§e`-{dn`©`-AZ-
Ü`dgm` kmZ à_mUm^mg h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • Omo kmZ AnZo AmnHo$ Ûmam AnZo ñdê$n H$mo Zht OmZVm
h¡, Cgo Añdg§{d{XV kmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& {H$gr `WmW© kmZ Ho$ Ûmam nhbo
OmZo hþE nXmW© Ho$ nwZ: OmZZodmbo kmZ H$mo J¥hrVmW© kmZ H$hVo h¢, Bg_|
AkmZ H$s {Zd¥{Îmê$n H$moB© \$b Zht nm`m OmVm; AV: à_mUm^mg h¡Ÿ&
`h KQ> h¡, `h nQ> h¡, BË`m{X {dH$ën go a{hV {Z{d©H$ënê$n kmZ H$mo
Xe©Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ& nañna {damoYr Xmo njm| H$mo {df` H$aZodmbo kmZ H$mo
g§e` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dñVw Ho$ AÝ`Wm OmZZo H$mo {dn`©` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dñVw H$m
`WmW© hr {ZíM` Z hmoH$a Hw$N> h¡ • BgàH$ma Ho$ A{ZpíMV kmZ H$mo
AZÜ`dgm` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& `o g^r à_mU Ho$ ñdê$nm^mg h¢, Š`m|{H$ `o
à_mU Ho$ `WmW© ñdê$n go a{hV h¢Ÿ&
Cn`w©º$ kmZm| _| à_mUm^mg hmoZo _| hoVw •
ñd{df`monXe©H$Ëdm^mdmV²Ÿ&&3&&
gyÌmW© • Cn`w©º$ kmZ à_mUm^mg Bg{bE h¢, Š`m|{H$ do AnZo
{df` H$m {ZíM` Zht H$amVo h¢Ÿ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 63
Bgr ~mV H$mo gyÌH$ma Ñï>mÝV go ñnï> H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
nwéfmÝVanydm©WJ© ÀN>Îm¥Uñne©ñWmUwnéw fm{XkmZdV²Ÿ&&4&&
gyÌmW© • Añdg§{d{XV kmZ à_mU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh AnZo
{df` H$m {ZíM` Zht H$aVm h¡, O¡go Xygao nwéf H$m kmZŸ& J¥hrVmW© kmZ,
à_mU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh ^r AnZo {df`-{deof H$m kmZ Zht H$amVm,
O¡go nyd© _| OmZo hþE nXmW© H$m kmZŸ& {Z{d©H$ën Xe©Z à_mU Zht h¡,
Š`m|{H$ dh ^r AnZo {df` H$m {ZíM` Zht H$aVm, O¡go MbVo hþE nwéf
Ho$ V¥Uñnem©{X H$m kmZŸ& g§e`m{XH$ ^r à_mU Zht h¢; Š`m|{H$ do ^r
AnZo {df` H$m {ZíM` Zht H$amVo O¡go {H$ `h ñWmUw h¡ `m nwéf,
BË`m{X kmZŸ&
g{ÞH$f© Ho$ àm_mÊ` H$m {ZfoY •
Mjwag`moÐì© `o g§`ºw $g_dm`dƒŸ&&5&&
gyÌmW© • Ðì` _| Mjw Am¡a ag Ho$ g§`wº$ g_dm` Ho$ g_mZŸ&
ì`m»`m • {OgàH$ma Ðì` _| Mjw Am¡a ag H$m g§`wº$ g_dm` hmoVm
hþAm ^r à_mU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh kmZê$n \$b H$mo CËnÞ Zht H$aVmŸ&
CgràH$ma Ðì` _| Mjw Am¡a ê$n H$m g§`wº$ g_dm` ^r à_mU Zht h¡,
Š`m|o{H$ dh ^r kmZê$n \$b H$mo n¡Xm Zht H$aVmŸ& AV: `h g{ÞH$f© ^r
à_mUm^mg hr h¡Ÿ&
àË`jm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
Ad¡eÚo àË`j§ VXm^mg§ ~m¡Õñ`mH$ñ_mX²
Yy_Xe©ZmÛ{•{dkmZdV²Ÿ&&6&&
gyÌmW© • ~m¡Õ H$m A{deXê$n {Z{d©H$ën kmZ H$mo àË`j _mZZm
àË`jm^mg h¡, O¡go {H$ AH$ñ_mV² Yy_ Ho$ XoIZo go CËnÞ hþAm A{¾ H$m
kmZ AZw_mZm^mg h¡, Š`m|{H$ `o XmoZm| hr AnZo {df`^yV nXmW© H$m
{ZíM` Zht H$amVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • AZw_mZ Ho$ nm±M Ad`d h¢ • nj, hoVw, Ñï>mÝV, CnZ`
64 narjm_wI
d {ZJ_ZŸ& BZ Ad`dm| Ho$ Am^mgm| H$mo ~VbmZo go hr g_wXm`ê$n
AZw_mZm^mg hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&
namojm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
d¡eÚo@{n namoj§ VXm^mg§ _r_m§gH$ñ` H$aUkmZdV²Ÿ&&7&&
gyÌmW© • {deX kmZ H$mo ^r namoj _mZZm namojm^mg h¡Ÿ& O¡go
_r_m§gH$ H$aUkmZ H$mo namoj _mZVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$s `h _mÝ`Vm namojm^mg h¡Ÿ&
ñ_aUm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
AVpñ_¨ñV{X{V kmZ§ ñ_aUm^mg§, {OZXÎmo g XodXÎmmo `WmŸ&&8&&
gyÌmW© • {OgH$m nyd© _| H$^r YmaUm ê$n go AZw^d Zht {H$`m,
Cg_| "dh h¡' BgàH$ma Ho$ kmZ H$mo ñ_aUm^mg H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go {OZXÎm
_| dh XodXÎm h¡, Eogm ñ_aU H$aZmŸ&
àË`{^kmZm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
gÑeo VXodoX§ Vpñ_Þod VoZ gÑe§ `_bH$d{XË`m{X
àË`{^kmZm^mg_²Ÿ&&9&&
gyÌmW© • EH$ O¡go gÔe nXmW© _| "`h dhr h¡' Bg Vah H$hZm,
Cgr nXmW© _| `h CgHo$ g_mZ h¡ Eogm H$hZmŸ& O¡go EH$ gmW OÝ_| hþE
Xmo ~ƒm| _| ^«_ go {dnarV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡, Bgo hr àË`{^kmZm^mg
H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
VH$m©^mg H$m ñdê$n •
Agå~Õo VÁkmZ§ VH$m©^mg_²Ÿ&&10&&
gyÌmW© • A{dZm^md gå~ÝY go a{hV nXmW© _| A{dZm^md-g§~§Y
H$m kmZ H$aZm VH$m©^mg h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma {H$gr ór {deof Ho$ nwÌm| H$s
í`m_nZo Ho$ gmW ì`m{á Zht h¡, {\$a ^r CgHo$ J^©ñW {eew Ho$ g§~§Y _|
H$hZm {H$ dh nwÌ hmoJm Am¡a í`m_dU© hmoJmŸ&
AZw_mZm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
BX_Zw_mZm^mg_²Ÿ&&11&&
gyÌmW© • `h AZw_mZm^mg h¡, Omo A~ AmJo H$hm Om`oJmŸ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 65
BZ_| àW_ njm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
VÌm{Zï>m{X: njm^mg:Ÿ&&12&&
gyÌmW© • CZ_| A{Zï> , ~m{YV Am¡ a {gÕ H$mo nj ~ZmZm
njm^mg h¡Ÿ&
A{Zï>njm^mg H$m CXmhaU •
A{Zï>mo _r_m§gH$ñ`m{ZË`: eãX:Ÿ&&13&&
gyÌmW© • _r_m§gH$ H$m `h H$hZm {H$ eãX A{ZË` h¡ • `h A{Zï>
njm^mg h¡, Š`m|{H$ _r_m§gH$ _V _| eãX {ZË` h¡Ÿ&
{gÕnjm^mg H$m CXmhaU •
{gÕ: lmdU: eãX:Ÿ&&14&&
gyÌmW© • eãX H$mZm| go gwZm OmVm h¡ `h H$WZ {gÕnjm^mg h¡,
Š`m|{H$ ñd`§{gÕ ~mV H$mo nj ~ZmZm ì`W© h¡Ÿ&
~m{YVnjm^mg •
~m{YV: àË`jmZw_mZmJ_bmoH$ñddMZ¡:Ÿ&&15&&
gyÌmW© • ~m{YV njm^mg àË`j, AZw_mZ, AmJ_, bmoH$ Am¡a
ñddMZm| go ~m{YV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU nm±M àH$ma H$m h¡Ÿ&
àË`j~m{YV njm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV •
VÌàË`j~m{YVmo `Wm • AZwîUmo@{¾Ðì`Ëdm‚mbdV²Ÿ&&16&&
gyÌmW© • CZ_| go àË`j-~m{YV njm^mg H$m CXmhaU • O¡go
A{¾ CîUVm a{hV AWm©V² erVb h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh Ðì` h¡Ÿ& Omo Ðì` hmoVm
h¡, dh erVb hmoVm h¡, O¡go ObŸ&
`hm± na My§{H$ ñnme©Z-àË`j go A{¾ CîUñne©dmbr hr AZw^d
H$s OmVr h¡, AV: `h àË`j~m{YV njm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV h¡Ÿ&
AZw_mZ~m{YV njm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV •
An[aUm_r eãX: H¥$VH$ËdmX² KQ>dV²Ÿ&&17&&
gyÌmW© • eãX An[aUm_r AWm©V² {ZË` hmoVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh H¥$VH$
h¡Ÿ& Omo Xygao Ho$ Ûmam {H$`m OmVm h¡, dh An[aUm_r hmoVm h¡, O¡go KQ>Ÿ&
66 narjm_wI
`hm± na "eãX An[aUm_r' h¡, `h nj "H¥$VH$ËdmX²' Bg hoVw go
~m{YV h¡, H$maU {H$ H¥$VH$ hoVw go Vmo n[aUm_rnZo H$s hr {g{Õ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
AV… `h AZw_mZ~m{YV njm^mg H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
AmJ_~m{YV njm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV •
àoË`mgwIXmo Y_©: nwéfm{lVËdmXY_©dV²Ÿ&&18&&
gyÌmW© • Y_© nabmoH$ _| Xw:I XoZodmbm hmoVm h¡, H$maU {H$ dh nwéf
Ho$ Am{lV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Omo nwéf Ho$ Am{lV hmoVm h¡, dh Xw:IXm`r hmoVm
h¡, O¡go AY_©Ÿ&
`hm± na nwéf Ho$ Am{lVnZm g_mZ hmoZo na ^r AmJ_ _| Y_© H$mo
nabmoH$ _| gwI H$m H$maU H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ&
bmoH$~m{YV njm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV •
ew{M Za{ea: H$nmb§, àmÊ`§JËdmÀN>§Iew{º$dV²Ÿ&&19&&
gyÌmW© • _Zwî` Ho$ {ea H$m H$nmb n{dÌ h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh àmUr H$m
A§J h¡Ÿ& Omo àmUr H$m A§J hmoVm h¡, dh n{dÌ hmoVm h¡ O¡go e§I-grn
Am{XŸ&
ì`m»`m • dñVw ñdê$n H$s Ñ{ï> go àmUr H$m A§J g_mZ hmoZo na ^r
bmoH$ ì`dhma _| {H$gr dñVw H$mo n{dÌ _mZm h¡, d {H$gr H$mo An{dÌ
hr _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ& bmoH$ _| H$nmb H$mo An{dÌ _mZm OmVm h¡, Am¡a `hm±
BgH$s n{dÌVm H$mo nj ~Zm`m h¡; AV… `h bmoH$~m{YV njm^mg h¡Ÿ&
ñddMZ~m{YV njm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV •
_mVm _o dÝÜ`m nwéfg§`moJ@o ß`J^©ËdmËà{gÕdÝÜ`mdV²Ÿ&&20&&
gyÌmW© • _oar _mVm dÝÜ`m (~m±P) h¡, Š`m|{H$ nwéf H$m g§`moJ hmoZo
na ^r CgHo$ J^© Zht ahVm h¡ • O¡go {H$ à{gÕ dÝÜ`m órŸ&
ì`m»`m • {OgHo$ nwéf H$m g§`moJ hmoZo na ^r J^© Zht ahVm, dh
dÝÜ`m H$hbmVr h¡Ÿ& `h ñddMZ ~m{YV njm^mg H$m CXmhaU h¡,
Š`m|{H$ _mVm ^r H$h ahm h¡ Am¡a Cgr H$mo dÝÜ`m ^rŸ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 67
hoËdm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
hoËdm^mg A{gÕ{déÕmZ¡H$mpÝVH$mqH${MËH$am:Ÿ&&21&&
gyÌmW© • A{gÕ, {déÕ, AZ¡H$mpÝVH$ Am¡a AqH${MËH$a `o Mma
hoËdm^mg Ho$ ^oX h¢Ÿ&
A{gÕhoËdm^mg Ho$ ^oX d ñdê$n •
AgËgÎmm{ZíM`mo@{gÕ:Ÿ&&22&&
gyÌmW© • {Og hoVw H$s gÎmm H$m hr A^md hmo AWdm Cg hoVw H$m hr
{ZíM` Z hmo gHo$, dh A{gÕ-hoËdm^mg h¡Ÿ&
`h hoËdm^mg Xmo àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡ • 1. ñdê$nm{gÕ 2. gpÝX½Ym-
{gÕŸ&
ñdê$nm{gÕ hoËdm^mg H$m Ñï>mÝV •
A{dÚ_mZgÎmmH$: n[aUm_r eãXíMmjwfËdmV²Ÿ&&23&&
gyÌmW© • {Og hoVw H$s ñdê$n go hr gÎmm A{dÚ_mZ h¡, Cgo
ñdê$nm{gÕ H$hVo h¢; O¡go eãX n[aUm_r h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh Mmjwf AWm©V²
Mjw go OmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
dhr H$hVo h¢ •
ñdê$noUmgÎdmV²Ÿ&&24&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ eãX Ho$ MmjwfnZm ñdê$n go hr A{gÕ h¡Ÿ& eãX
H$m Vmo ñdê$n hr `h h¡ {H$ dh H$mZm| go OmZm Omdo Cgo Mmjwf
(Mjw[apÝÐ` H$m {df`) H$hZm ñdê$nm{gÕ h¡Ÿ&
gpÝX½Ym{gÕ hoËdm^mg H$m CXmhaU •
A{dÚ_mZ{ZíM`mo _w½Y~wqÕ àË`{¾aÌ Yy_mV²Ÿ&&25&&
gyÌmW© • _w½Y~w{Õ AWm©V² AkmZr ì`{º$ go `h H$hZm {H$ `hm±
A{¾ h¡, Š`m|{H$ Yy_ h¡, `h A{dÚ_mZ {ZíM`dmbo gpÝX½Ym{gÕ
hoËdm^mg H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
68 narjm_wI
Bg hoVw H$s A{gÕVm H$m H$maU •
Vñ` ~mînm{X^mdoZ ^yVg§KmVo gÝXohmV²Ÿ&&26&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ Cgo ^yVg§KmV (Myëho go VËH$mb CVmao hþE nmÌ) _|
dmîn Am{X Ho$ ê$n go gÝXoh hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • {Ogo YwE± Ho$ ñdê$n H$m {ZU©` Zht h¡, Eogo _yI© AkmZr
H$mo YwE± O¡go {XImB© XoZo dmbo nXmWm] _| YwE± H$m gÝXoh hmo gH$Vm h¡;
AV… `h gpÝX½Ym{gÕ h¡Ÿ&
A{gÕ hoËdm^mg H$m ^oXmÝVa •
gm§»`åà{V n[aUm_r eãX: H¥$VH$ËdmV²Ÿ&&27&&
gyÌmW© • gm§»` Ho$ à{V `h H$WZ {H$ eãX n[aU_Zerb h¡, Š`m|{H$
dh {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& `h hoVw gm§»` Ho$ {bE A{gÕ hr h¡Ÿ&
Bg hoVw H$s A{gÕVm _| H$maU •
VoZmkmVËdmV²Ÿ&&28&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ gm§»` H¥$VH$nZm _mZVm hr Zht h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gm§»`Xe©Z nXmWm] H$m Am{d^m©d Am¡a {Vamo^md hr
_mZVm h¡, nXmW© H$s CËn{Îm Zht _mZVm h¡, H$maU {H$ dh {ZË`
EH$mÝVdmXr h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE H¥$VH$nZm hoVw Ho$ AkmV hmoZo go, CgHo$ {bE
`h hoVw à`wº$ H$aZm A{gÕ hoËdm^mg h¡Ÿ&
{déÕ hoËdm^mg H$m ñdê$n d CXmhaU •
{dnarV{ZpíMVm{dZm^mdmo {déÕmo@n[aUm_r eãX:
H¥$VH$ËdmV²Ÿ&&29&&
gyÌmW© • gmÜ` Ho$ {dnarV nXmW© Ho$ gmW {OgH$m A{dZm^md
{ZpíMV hmo, Cgo {déÕ hoËdm^mg H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go eãX An[aUm_r h¡,
Š`m|{H$ dh H¥$VH$ h¡Ÿ&
AZ¡H$mpÝVH$ hoËdm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
{dnjo@ß`{déÕd¥{ÎmaZ¡H$mpÝVH$:Ÿ&&30&&
gyÌmW© • {OgH$m {dnj _| ^r ahZm A{déÕ h¡ AWm©V² Omo hoVw
fð> n[aÀN>oX 69
nj, gnj Ho$ g_mZ {dnj _| ^r {~Zm {H$gr {damoY Ho$ ahVm h¡, Cgo
AZ¡H$mpÝVH$ hoËdm^mg H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • hoVw H$m nj Am¡a gnj _| ahZm Vmo JwU h¡, naÝVw {dnj
_| ahZm Xmof h¡, {Ogo AZ¡H$mpÝVH$ Xmof Zm_ go H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ Xmo
^oX h¢ • 1. {ZpíMV{dnjd¥{Îm 2. e§{H$V {dnjd¥{ÎmŸ&
{ZpíMV{dnjd¥{Îm •
{ZpíMV{dnjd¥{Îma{ZË`: eãX: à_o`ËdmX² KQ>dV²Ÿ&&31&&
gyÌmW© • eãX A{ZË` h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh à_o` h¡Ÿ& Omo à_o` hmoVm h¡,
dh A{ZË` hmoVm h¡, O¡go KQ>Ÿ& `hm± à_o`Ëd hoVw nj ê$n "eãX', gnj
ê$n KQ> _| Vmo ahVm hr h¡, naÝVw {dnj _| ^r ahZm CgH$m {ZpíMV h¡Ÿ&
H¡$go h¡ ? BgHo$ {bE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢Ÿ•
ì`m»`m • BgàH$ma `hm± à_o`Ëd hoVw A{ZË` eãXê$n nj Ho$ gmW
{ZË` AmH$meê$n {dnj _| ^r {ZpíMV hr ahVm h¡, AV… `h {ZpíMV
{dnj d¥{Îm H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&
AmH$meo {ZË`o@ß`ñ` {ZíM`mV²Ÿ&&32&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ {ZË` AmH$me _| ^r Bg à_o`Ëd hoVw Ho$ ahZo H$m
{ZíM` h¡Ÿ&
e§{H$V{dnjd¥{Îm •
e§{H$Vd¥{ÎmñVw ZmpñV gd©kmo dŠV¥ËdmV²Ÿ&&33&&
gyÌmW© • gd©k Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh dº$m h¡ AWm©V² ~mobZodmbm h¡Ÿ&
`hm± dŠV¥Ëd hoVw H$m {dnj _| ahZm e§{H$V H¡$go h¡ ? EVXW© gyÌH$ma
H$hVo h¢ •
gd©kËdoZ dŠV¥Ëdm{damoYmV²Ÿ&&34&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ gd©knZo Ho$ gmW dº$mnZo H$m H$moB© {damoY Zht h¡Ÿ&
{H$gr nwéf {deof _| dº$mnZm ^r ah Om`o Am¡a gd©knZm ^r ah
Omdo, BZ XmoZm| ~mVm| _| H$moB© {damoY Zht h¡Ÿ&
70 narjm_wI
AqH${MËH$a hoËdm^mg H$m ñdê$n •
{gÕo àË`jm{X~m{YVo M gmÜ`o hoVwaqH${MËH$a:Ÿ&&35&&
gyÌmW© • gmÜ` Ho$ {gÕ hmoZo na Am¡a àË`jm{X à_mUm| go ~m{YV
hmoZo na {X`m J`m hoVw AqH${MËH$a hoËdm^mg H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
BgH$m CXmhaU gyÌH$ma XoVo h¢ •
{gÕ: lmdU: eãX: eãXËdmV²Ÿ&&36&&
gyÌmW© • eãX lmdU h¡ AWm©V² ldUBpÝÐ` H$m {df` h¡; Š`m|{H$
dh eãX h¡Ÿ&
"eãXËd' hoVw H$s AqH${MËH$aVm H$m H$maU ~VbmVo hþE gyÌH$ma
H$hVo h¢ •
qH${MXH$aUmV²Ÿ&&37&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ Bg AZw_mZ _| eãXËdhoVw Zo Hw$N> ^r Zht {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • eãX H$mo H$mZ go gwZm OmVm h¡ • `h Vmo nhbo go hr
OJà{gÕ h¡, {\$a Cggo {gÕ H$aZo H$m Š`m bm^ ? Am¡a Cgo `hm± gmÜ`
~Zm`m h¡, AV: hoVw ì`W© h¡Ÿ&
eãXËd hoVw H$s AqH${MËH$aËd H$s nw{ï> •
`Wm@ZwîUmo@{¾Ð©ì`Ëdm{XË`mXm¡ qH${MËH$Vw_© eŠ`ËdmV²Ÿ&&38&&
gyÌmW© • O¡go, A{¾ CîU Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh Ðì` h¡ • BË`m{X
AZw_mZ _| à`wº$ `h hoVw gmÜ` H$s Hw$N> ^r {g{Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE g_W©
Zht h¡Ÿ&
AqH${MËH$a hoËdm^mg Ho$ à`moJ H$s Cn`mo{JVm •
bjU Edmgm¡ Xmofmo ì`wËnÞ à`moJñ` njXmofoU¡d
Xwï>ËdmV²Ÿ&&39&&
gyÌmW© • `h AqH${MËH$a hoËdm^mgê$n Xmof hoVw Ho$ bjU à{VnmXZ
H$mb _| hr h¡, dmXH$mb _| Zht; Š`m|{H$ ì`wËnÞ nwéfm| H$m à`moJ nj Ho$
Xmofm| go hr Xwï> hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 71
AÝd`Ñï>mÝVm^mg Ho$ ^oX •
Ñï>mÝVm^mgm AÝd`o@{gÕgmÜ`gmYZmo^`m:Ÿ&&40&&
gyÌmW© • AÝd` Ñï>mÝVm^mg Ho$ VrZ ^oX h¢ • 1. A{gÕ gmÜ` `m
gmÜ` {dH$b 2. A{gÕ gmYZ `m gmYZ{dH$b 3. A{gÕmo^` `m
C^`{dH$bŸ&
AÝd` X¥ï>mÝVm^mgm| Ho$ CXmhaU •
Anm¡éfo`: eãXmo@_yÎm©Ëdm{XpÝÐ`gwIna_mUwKQ>dV²Ÿ&&41&&
gyÌmW© • eãX Anm¡éfo` h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh A_yV© h¡Ÿ& O¡go BpÝÐ` gwI,
na_mUw Am¡a KQ>Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • Cn`w©º$ gyÌ _| AÝd` Ñï>mÝVm^mgm| Ho$ ^oXm| H$m H«$_e:
CXmhaU {X`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& "BpÝÐ` gwI' Ñï>mÝV A{gÕ gmÜ` h¡, Š`m|{H$
dh Anm¡éfo` h¡ hr Zht dh Vmo nm¡éfo` h¡Ÿ& Bg_| Anm¡éfo`ê$n gmÜ` H$m
hr A^md h¡Ÿ& "na_mUw' `h Ñï>mÝV A{gÕ gmYZ `m gmYZ {dH$b h¡,
Š`m|{H$ na_mUw _yV© h¡, AWm©V² Bg_| A_yV©ê$n gmYZ Zht nm`m OmVmŸ&
"KQ>' `h Ñï>mÝV A{gÕmo^` h¡, H$maU {H$ KQ> nm¡éfo` ^r h¡ Am¡a _yV©
^r h¡Ÿ&
AÝd`Ñï>mÝVm^mg H$m AÝ` CXmhaU •
{dnarVmÝd`íM `Xnm¡éfo`§ VX_yV©_²Ÿ&&42&&
gyÌmW© • nydm}º$ AZw_mZ _| "Omo Anm¡éfo` hmoVm h¡, dh A_yV© hmoVm
h¡', BgàH$ma H$s {dnarV AÝd`-ì`m{á H$mo {XIbmZm {dnarVmÝd`
Zm_ H$m Ñï>mÝVm^mg h¡ Am¡a BgH$m H$maU gyÌH$ma ~VbmVo h¢ {H$ •
{dÚwXm{XZm@{Vàg§JmV²Ÿ&&43&&
gyÌmW© • Š`m|{H$ Cg_| {dÚwV Am{X Ho$ gmW A{Vàg§J Xmof AmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • "Omo Anm¡éfo` hmo dh A_yV© hmo' Eogr {dnarV AÝd`-
ì`m{á Ho$ _mZZo na {dÚwV Ho$ ^r A_yÎm©Vm H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡, AWm©V²
{~Obr H$mo ^r A_yV© _mZZm Mm{hE, naÝVw dh Anm¡éfo` hmoVr hþB© ^r
A_yV© Zht, {H$ÝVw _yV© h¡Ÿ&
72 narjm_wI
ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝVm^mg •
ì`{VaoH$@{gÕVX²ì`{VaoH$m:
na_mpÊdpÝÐ`gwImH$medV²Ÿ&&44&&
gyÌmW© • ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝVm^mg Ho$ ^r VrZ ^oX h¢ • A{gÕgmÜ`
ì`{VaoH$, A{gÕgmYZ ì`{VaoH$ Am¡a A{gÕmo^` ì`{VaoH$Ÿ& BZHo$
CXmhaU H«$_e: na_mUw, BpÝÐ` gwI Am¡a AmH$me h¢Ÿ&
ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝVm^mg H$m AÝ` CXmhaU •
{dnarVì`{VaoH$íM `Þm_yVª VÞmnm¡éfo`_²Ÿ&&45&&
gyÌmW© • nydm}º$ AZw_mZ _| "Omo A_yV© Zht h¡ dh Anm¡éfo` Zht
h¡' BgàH$ma go {dnarV ì`{VaoH$-ì`m{á H$mo {XImZm ^r ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝVm-
^mg h¡Ÿ&
ì`{VaoH$ ì`m{á _| gd©Ì gmÜ` Ho$ A^md _| gmYZ H$m A^md
{XIm`m OmVm h¡, naÝVw `hm± {dnarV ê$n go AWm©V² gmYZ Ho$ A^md _|
gmÜ` H$m A^md ~Vbm`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
~mbà`moJm^mg H$m bjU •
~mbà`moJm^mg: n§Mmd`dof{w H$`ÕrZVmŸ&&46&&
gyÌmW© • AZw_mZ Ho$ n§M Ad`d à{Vkm, hoVw, CXmhaU, CnZ`,
{ZJ_Z _| go {H$VZo hr H$_ Ad`dm| H$m à`moJ H$aZm ~mbà`moJm^mg
h¡, Š`m|{H$ Bggo ~mb~w{Õ H$mo gƒm d ñnï> kmZ Zht hmo gHo$JmŸ&
~mbà`moJm^mg H$m CXmhaU •
A{¾_mZ`§ àXoemo Yy_dËdmÚ{XËW§ V{XËW§ `Wm
_hmZg:Ÿ&&47&&
gyÌmW© • `h àXoe A{¾dmbm h¡, Š`m|{H$ Yy_dmbm h¡Ÿ& Omo Yy_dmbm
hmoVm h¡, dh A{¾dmbm ^r hmoVm h¡, O¡go agmoB©KaŸ&
`hm± na CnZ` d {ZJ_Z H$m à`moJ Z H$aZo go ~mbà`moJm^mg h¡
VWm CnZ` H$m ^r à`moJ H$ao, Vmo gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ •
fð> n[aÀN>oX 73
Yy_dm§íMm`{_{V dmŸ&&48&&
gyÌmW© • AWdm CnZ` H$m ^r à`moJ H$aZm {H$ "`h Yy_dmbm h¡,
Vmo ^r ~mbà`moJm^mg h¡Ÿ&
{dnarV à`moJ go ^r ~mbà`moJm^mg •
Vñ_mX{½Z_mZ² Yy_dm§íMm`_²Ÿ&&49&&
gyÌmW© • Bg{bE `h A{¾dmbm h¡ Am¡a `h ^r Yy_dmbm h¡Ÿ&
`hm± na nhbo {ZJ_Z H$m à`moJ {H$`m, {\$a CnZ` H$m à`moJ {H$`mŸ&
AV: ~mbà`moJm^mg h¡Ÿ& BgH$m H$maU gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ •
ñnï>V`m àH¥$Và{VnÎmoa`moJmV²Ÿ&&50&&
gyÌmW© • nm±M Ad`dm| _| go H$_ à`moJ H$aZo na `m {dnarV H$aZo
na {eî`m{X H$mo àH¥$V dñVw H$m ghr kmZ Zht hmo nmVm, Bg{bE CÝh|
~mb à`moJm^mg H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
AmJ_m^mg H$m ñdê$n •
amJÛof_mohmH«$mÝVnwéfdMZmÁOmV_mJ_m^mg_²Ÿ&&51&&
gyÌmW© • amJ, Ûof Am¡a _moh go `wº$ nwéf Ho$ dMZ go CËnÞ hþE
nXmW© Ho$ kmZ H$mo AmJ_m^mg H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
AmJ_m^mg H$m CXmhaU •
`Wm ZÚmñVrao _moXH$ame`: gpÝV, YmdÜd§
_mUdH$m:Ÿ&&52&&
gyÌmW© • O¡go • ho ~ƒmo ! Xm¡‹S>mo, ZXr Ho$ {H$Zmao _moXH$m| (bS²>Sy>) Ho$
T>oa n‹S>o hþE h¢Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • H$moB© nwéf ~ƒm| go ~hþV naoemZ WmŸ& AV: CZgo nrN>m
Nw>‹S>mZo Ho$ CÔoí` go N>bnyd©H$ Cn`w©º$ dMZ H$hH$a ZXr Ho$ {H$Zmao ^oO
{X`m, naÝVw ZXr Ho$ {H$Zmao _moXH$ Zht WoŸ& AV: `h dMZ _moh go `wº$
hmoZo Ho$ H$maU AmJ_m^mg h¡Ÿ&
74 narjm_wI
AmJ_m^mg H$m Xygam CXmhaU •
AL²>Jwë`J«o hpñV`yWeV_mñV B{V MŸ&&53&&
gyÌmW© • A§Jwbr Ho$ AJ«^mJ na hm{W`m| Ho$ g¢H$‹S>m| g_yh ahVo h¢Ÿ&
`h H$WZ ^r AmJ_m^mg h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gm§»` àË`j Am¡a AZw_mZ go {déÕ g^r dñVwE± gd©Ì
{dÚ_mZ h¢, Eogm à_mU _mZVo hþE Cº$ àH$ma go CnXoe XoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw
CZH$m `h H$WZ ^r AZmá nwéf Ho$ dMZ ê$n hmoZo go AmJ_m^mg h¡Ÿ&
nydm}º$ Ñï>mÝVm| _| AmJ_m^mg hmoZo H$m hoVw •
{dg§dmXmV²Ÿ&&54&&
gyÌmW© • {dg§dmX hmoZogo Cn`w©º$ dMZ AmJ_m^mg h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • AmJ_ à_mU H$m EH$ ^oX h¡ Am¡a à_mU H$m A{dg§dmX
ê$n bjU ñdrH¥$V {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Cnamoº$ dMZm| _| Vmo àË`j go hr
{dg§dmX h¡, AmË_ AmJ_m^mg h¡Ÿ& {OZ nwéfm| Ho$ dMZm| _| {ddmX
{dg§dmX nydm© na {damoY H$m {dnarV-AW©à{VnmXH$nZm nm`m OmVm h¡,
do dMZ AmJ_ ñdê$n Zht h¢Ÿ&
à_mUg§»`m^mg H$m dU©Z •
àË`j_odH¡ $§ à_mU{_Ë`m{X g§»`m^mg_²Ÿ&&55&&
gyÌmW© • àË`j hr EH$ _mÌ à_mU h¡, BË`m{X H$WZ g§»`m^mg h¡Ÿ&
àË`j_mÌà_mU Ho$ g§»`m^mgËd H$m ñnï>rH$aU •
bm¡H$m`{VH$ñ` àË`jV: nabmoH$m{X{ZfoYñ`
na~wÕçmXoíMm{gÕoaV{Ûf`ËdmV²Ÿ&&56&&
gyÌmW© • bm¡H$m`{VH$ AWm©V² Mmdm©H$ H$m Ho$db EH$ àË`j H$mo hr
à_mU _mZZm g§»`m^mg h¡Ÿ& àË`j go nabmoH$ Am{X H$m {ZfoY Am¡a
na H$s ~w{Õ Am{X H$s {g{Õ Zht hmoVr h¡; Š`m|{H$ do CgHo$ {df` Zht
~Z gH$Vo h¢, Am¡a Omo {OgH$m {df` Zht, dh CgH$m IÊS>Z d _ÊS>Z
Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 75
~m¡Õm{X H$s g§»`m H$m ^r IÊS>Z •
gm¡JVgm§»``m¡Jàm^mH$aO¡{_Zr`mZm§
àË`jmZw_mZmJ_mon_mZm-Wm©nË`m^md¡aoH¡$H$m{YH¡$:
ì`m{ádV²Ÿ&&57&&
gyÌmW© • {OgàH$ma gm¡JV, gm§»`, `m¡J, àm^mH$a Am¡a O¡{_Zr`m|
Ho$ àË`j, AZw_mZ, AmJ_, Cn_mZ, AWm©n{Îm Am¡a A^md • BZ
EH$-EH$ A{YH$ à_mUm| Ho$ Ûmam ì`m{á H$m {ZU©` Zht {H$`m Om
gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
(BgràH$ma àË`j à_mU go ^r Mmdm©H$ AÝ` _Zwî` H$s ~w{Õ Am{XH$
H$m {ZU©` Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&)
AÝ` à_mU go Xygao H$s ~w{Õ H$s {g{Õ H$m IÊS>Z •
AZw_mZmXoaVo {Ûf`Ëdo à_mUmÝVaËd_²Ÿ&&58&&
gyÌmW© • AZw_mZm{X H$mo na-~w{Õ Am{X H$m {df`nZm _mZZo na
AÝ` à_mUm| Ho$ _mZZo H$m àg§J àmá hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
Bgr ~mV H$mo gyÌH$ma CXmhaU XoH$a AmJo {gÕ H$a aho h¢Ÿ&
VH©$ H$mo Aà_mU _mZH$a g§»`m^mgËd Ho$ {ZamH$aU go hm{Z •
VH©$ñ`od ì`m{áJmoMaËdo
à_mUmÝVaËd_à_mUñ`mì`dñWmnH$-ËdmV²Ÿ&&59&&
gyÌmW© • O¡go {H$ VH©$ H$mo ì`m{á H$m {df` H$aZodmbm _mZZo na
gm¡JVm{XH$ H$mo Cgo EH$ {^Þ à_mU _mZZm n‹S>oJm, Š`m|{H$ Aà_mU
kmZ nXmW© H$s ì`dñWm Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
à_mU Ho$ AZw_mZm{X ^oX à{V^mg Ho$ ^oX go AWm©V² CZH$s gm_J«r
Am¡a ñdê$n Ho$ ^oX go H$hZo hr n‹S>Vo h¢, H$maU {H$ CZHo$ ñdrH$ma {~Zm
H$moB© Cnm` Zht h¡Ÿ& Bgr ~mV H$mo gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ •
à{V^mg^oXñ` M ^oXH$ËdmV²Ÿ&&60&&
gyÌmW© • à{V^mg H$m ^oX hr à_mUm| H$m ^oXH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
76 narjm_wI
ì`m»`m • nXmW© Ho$ ñdê$n H$m à{V^mg AWm©V² {^Þ-{^Þ ê$n go
AZw^y`_mZ kmZ {OVZo Vah go hmoJm, CVZo hr CgHo$ ^oX {dH$ën hm|JoŸ&
BgrH$maU Vmo AZw_mZkmZ H$s AbJ Vah go àVr{V hmoZo go Mmdm©H$ H$s
g§»`m VWm VH©$ kmZ H$m AÝ` Vah go AZw^d hmoZo na ~m¡Õm| H$s à_mU
g§»`m ñdV: IpÊS>V hmo hr OmVr h¡Ÿ&
à_mU {df`m^mg H$m ñdê$n •
{df`m^mg: gm_mÝ`§ {deofmo Û`§ dm ñdV§Ì_²Ÿ&&61&&
gyÌmW© • _mÌ gm_mÝ` H$mo AWdm _mÌ {deof H$mo AWdm ñdV§Ì
ê$n go XmoZm| H$mo à_mU H$m {df` _mZZm {df`m^mg h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • gm§»`-Xe©Z Ðì` Ho$ _mÌ gm_mÝ` nj H$mo hr à_mU H$m
{df` H$hVm h¡, O~{H$ ~m¡Õ Ðì` Ho$ {deof ê$n n`m©` nj H$mo à_mU
H$m {df` _mZVm h¡, VWm Ý`m`-d¡eo{fH$ Xe©Z Vmo gm_mÝ` Am¡a {deof
H$mo ñdV§Ì ê$n go AbJ-AbJ nXmW© _mZH$a CÝh| à_mU H$m {df`
H$h ahm h¡; naÝVw gyÌH$ma Vmo ñnï>V`m nyd© Ho$ AÜ`m` _| gm_mÝ`-
{deofmË_H$ nXmW© à_mU H$m {df` {gÓ H$a hr Am`o h¢Ÿ&
Cn`w©º$ _mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ {df`m^mg hmoZo H$m Am¡{MË` •
VWm@à{V^mgmËH$m`m©H$aUmƒŸ&&62&&
gyÌmW© • VWm AWm©V² _mÌ gm_mÝ`ê$n go AWdm {deofê$n go
AWdm ñdV§Ì XmoZm| ê$n go dñVw H$m à{V^mg Vmo hmoVm hr Zht h¡, Am¡a
Cg ê$n _| nXmW© AnZm H$m`© ^r Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢, Bg{bE do
{df`m^mg h¢Ÿ&
ñdV§Ì g_W© nXmW© Ho$ {Zanoj H$m`©H$m[aËd _mZZo _| Amn{Îm •
g_W©ñ` H$aUo gd©XmoËn{ÎmaZnojËdmV²Ÿ&&63&&
gyÌmW© • `{X dh gd©Wm EH$mÝVmË_H$ nXmW© g_W© hmoVm hþAm H$m`©
H$aoJm, Vmo H$m`© H$s CËn{Îm gd©Xm hr hmoZr Mm{hE ? Š`m|{H$ dh {H$gr
Xygao H$s Anojm hr Zht aIVm, {Oggo {H$ gd©Xm H$m`© H$s CËn{Îm Z
hmo gHo$Ÿ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 77
`hm± `{X `h H$hm Omdo {H$ dh nXmW© ghH$mar H$maUm| Ho$ {_b OmZo
go Cg H$m`© H$mo H$aVm h¡, Bg{bE H$m`© H$s gd©Xm CËn{Îm Zht hmoVr Vmo
AmMm`© CÎma XoVo h¢ •
namnojUo n[aUm{_Ëd_Ý`Wm VX^mdmV²Ÿ&&64&&
gyÌmW© • Xygao ghH$mar H$maUm| H$s Anojm aIZo na Vmo nXmW© Ho$
n[aUm_rnZm àmá hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Eogm Zht _mZZo na nXmW© Ho$ H$m`©
H$aZo H$m hr A^md hmo Om`oJmŸ&
ì`m»`m • `hm± gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ gd©Wm EH$mÝVmË_H$ gm_mÝ`
nXmW© ghH$mar H$maUm| Ho$ gm{ÞÜ` _mÌ go {deof ê$n H$m`© H$mo Zht H$a
gH$Vm h¡, Cgo CgH$s Anojm ^r hmoZr Mm{hE O¡go {_Å>r Ho$ {nÊS>ê$n
Xem _| K‹S>o H$m A^md Wm (Bgr H$mo àmJ^md H$hVo h¢Ÿ&) Am¡a Hw$å^H$ma
MH«$ Am{X Ho$ {_b OmZo na ^r Cg KQ> ê$n H$m`© H$s Anojm (Cg
gm_mÝ` Ðì` H$mo {deof ê$n n`m©` H$s Anojm) hmoZo na dh {_Å>r-
{nÊS> KQ> ê$n H$m`© go n[aU{_V hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo Cg g_` `h H$hm
OmEJm {H$ KQ> n[aUm_r h¡; Š`m|{H$ CgZo AnZr {_Å>r Ho$ {nÊS>ê$n
AdñWm H$m Ë`mJ H$a VWm KQ> ê$n Xem H$mo àmá H$aVo hþE ^r {_Å>rnZo
H$mo pñWa aIm h¡, `hr n[aUm_rnZo H$m AW© h¡Ÿ& `{X Eogm Zht _mZm
Om`oJm Vmo àmJ^md _| KQ> Ho$ Ob ^aZo ê$n H$m`© H$m A^md Wm, dh
CÎma Xem _| ^r ahZm Mm{hEŸ&
Ag_W© ê$n Xygao nj _| Xmof •
ñd_g_W©ñ`mH$maH$ËdmËnydd© V²Ÿ&&65&&
gyÌmW© • ñd`§ Ag_W© nXmW© H$m`© H$m H$aZodmbm Zht hmo gH$VmŸ&
O¡go {H$ dh ghH$mar H$maUm| go a{hV AdñWm _| AnZm H$m`© H$aZo Ho$
{bE Ag_W© Wm, CgràH$ma ghH$mar H$maUm| Ho$ {_b OmZo na ^r
AnZm H$m`© H$aZo _| Ag_W© ahoJmŸ&
à_mU H$m \$bm^mg •
\$bm^mg§ à_mUmX{^Þ§ {^Þ_od dmŸ&&66&&
gyÌmW© • à_mU go CgHo$ \$b H$mo gd©Wm A{^Þ hr, AWdm {^Þ
hr _mZZm \$bm^mg h¡Ÿ&
78 narjm_wI
\$b H$mo à_mU go gd©Wm A{^Þ _mZZo go hm{Z •
A^oXo VX²ì`dhmamZwnnÎmo:Ÿ&&67&&
gyÌmW© • `{X à_mU go CgHo$ \$b H$mo gd©Wm A{^Þ _mZm Om`oJm
Vmo `h à_mU h¡ Am¡a `h CgH$m \$b h¡ • Eogm ^oX ì`dhma Zht hmo
gHo$JmŸ& \$b hr ahoJm `m {\$a à_mU, XmoZm| EH$gmW Zht ah gH|$Jo, Omo
{H$ C{MV Zht h¡Ÿ&
H$ënZm go à_mU Am¡a CgHo$ \$b H$m ì`dhma H$aZo _| Amn{Îm •
ì`md¥Ë`m{n Z VËH$ënZm \$bmÝVamX²
ì`md¥Ë`m@\$bËdàg§JmV²Ÿ&&68&&
gyÌmW© • A\$b H$s ì`md¥{Îm go \$b H$s H$ënZm Zht H$s Om gH$Vr
h¡, Š`m|{H$ {\$a Vmo Xygao g_mZOm{Vdmbo \$b H$s ì`md¥{Îm go ^r A\$b
H$s H$ënZm _mZZr n‹S>oJrŸ& AV: H$ënZm_mÌ go \$b H$m ì`dhma Zht
Mbm`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
~m¡Õ bmoJ O¡go "AJmo' H$s ì`md¥{Îm (AWm©V² Jm` Zht hmoZo H$m
{ZfoY go Jm¡Ëd H$s ñWmnZm H$aVo h¢) _mZVo h¢, CgràH$ma do `hm± na ^r
A\$b H$s ì`md¥{Îm go \$b H$m ì`dhma H$aZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ&
H$mën{ZH$ \$bì`dhma Ho$ {ZfoY H$m Ñï>mÝV •
à_mUmÝVamX² ì`md¥Î`odmà_mUËdñ`Ÿ&&69&&
gyÌmW© • {Og Vah go AÝ` à_mU H$s ì`md¥{Îm go Aà_mUnZo H$m
àg§J ~m¡Õm| Zo ñdrH$mam h¡, CgrVah \$bmÝVa H$s ì`md¥{Îm go A\$bËd
H$m ^r àg§J Am Om`oJmŸ&
à_mU Am¡a \$b _| ^oX H$m {ZU©` •
Vñ_mÛmñVdmo ^oX:Ÿ&&70&&
gyÌmW© • AV: à_mU Am¡a CgHo$ \$b _| ^oX dmñV{dH$ h¡Ÿ&
à_mU d \$b _| gd©Wm ^oX _mZZo _| hm{Z •
^oXo ËdmË_mÝVadÎmXZwnnÎmo:Ÿ&&71&&
gyÌmW© • à_mU d CgHo$ \$b _| ^oX _mZZo na Vmo AÝ` AmË_m Ho$
\$b Ho$ g_mZ `h Bg à_mU H$m \$b h¡, Eogm ì`dhma Zht ~Z gHo$JmŸ&
fð> n[aÀN>oX 79
ì`m»`m • à_mU go \$b H$mo gd©Wm {^Þ _mZZodmbo Z¡`m{`H$m| H$s
_mÝ`Vm _| Xmof ~VbmVo hþE gyÌH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$, {Og Vah go AÝ` H$s
AmË_m Ho$ à_mU H$m \$b h_mar AmË_m Ho$ à_mU H$m \$b Zht hmo
gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Cgr Vah à_mU go \$b H$mo gd©Wm {^Þ _mZZo na AmË_m Ho$
à_mU H$m \$b BgH$m hr h¡, Eogm H$WZ Zht ~Z gHo$JmŸ& `{X `h H$hmo
{H$ g_dm` g§~§Y go Bg à_mU H$m `h \$b h¡, Eogr ì`dñWm hmo Om`oJr
Vmo gyÌH$ma BgH$m {ZfoY H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ •
g_dm`o@{Vàg§J:Ÿ&&72&&
gyÌmW© • g_dm` g§~§Y Ho$ _mZZo na A{Vàg§J Xmof AmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • ~m¡Õm| Ho$ `hm± g_dm` H$mo {ZË`, EH$ Am¡a ì`mnH$ nXmW©
_mZm J`m h¡, Vmo Eogr n[apñW{V _| `h {H$g Vah go {ZU©` hmoJm {H$
Bgr AmË_m _| `h à_mU Am¡a CgH$m \$b g_dm` gå~ÝY go ahVm h¡Ÿ&
Xygar AmË_m _| Zht ahVm h¡Ÿ&
emñÌmW© Ho$ g_` ñd-nanj Ho$ gmYZ Am¡a XyfU H$s ì`dñWm •
à_mUVXm^mgm¡ Xwï>V`moX²^m{dVm¡ n[aöVmn[aöV Xmofm¡
dm{XZ: gmYZVXm^mgm¡ à{Vdm{XZmo XyfU^yfUo MŸ&&73&&
gyÌmW© • dmXr Ho$ Ûmam àê${nV {H$`o à_mU Am¡a à_mUm^mg,
à{VdmXr Ho$ Ûmam Xmofê$n go àJQ> {H$`o OmZo na dmXr go n[aöV Xmof
dmbo AWm©V² dh CZ Xmofm| H$m n[ahma H$a XoVm h¡ Vmo do dmXr Ho$ {bE
gmYZ Am¡a Xmofm| H$m n[ahma Zht H$a nmVm h¡ Vmo gmYZm^mg h¡, Am¡a
à{VdmXr Ho$ {bE `hr H«$_e… XyfU Am¡a ^yfU h¡Ÿ&
ì`m»`m • emómW© Ho$ g_` Omo n{hbo AnZo nj H$mo ñWm{nV
H$aVm h¡, dh dmXr H$hbmVm h¡ Am¡a Omo CgH$m à{VdmX H$aVm h¡, dh
à{VdmXr H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& emñÌmW© Ho$ H$mb _| Omo AnZo nj na Am`o hþE
Xmofm| H$m {ZamH$aU H$aHo$ AnZo nj H$mo {gÕ H$a XoVm h¡, CgH$s O`
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Omo Eogm Zht H$a nmVm CgH$s namO` hmoVr h¡Ÿ& `hr à_mU
Am¡a à_mUm^mg Ho$ OmZZo H$m \$b h¡Ÿ&
80 narjm_wI 81

Z`m{X VÎdm| Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$ {ZU©` H$m Cnm` •

gå^dXÝ`{ÛMmaUr`_²Ÿ&&74&& narjm_wIgyÌgyMr
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B{V dú`o V`mobú© _ {gÕ_ën§ bKr`g:Ÿ&&
^r {dMmaUr` h¢ AWm©V² CZH$m ^r kmZ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
ì`m»`m • dñVw VÎd Ho$ A{YJ_ AWm©V² OmZZo Ho$ Cnm` Ho$ ê$n _| AW àW_ n[aÀN>oX
VÎdmW©gyÌ _hmJ«§W _| à_mU Z` d {Zjonm{X H$s MMm© AmVr h¡Ÿ& `hm± 1. ñdmnydm©W©ì`dgm`mË_H§$ kmZ§ à_mU_²Ÿ&
2. {hVm{hVàm{án[ahmag_Wª {h à_mU§ VVmo kmZ_od VV²Ÿ&
Cg J«ÝW _| Vmo _mÌ à_mU H$m hr {dñVma go dU©Z h¡, AV… J«ÝWH$ma 3. V{ÞíM`mË_H§$ g_mamon{déÕËdmXZw_mZdV²Ÿ&
ñd`§ g§Ho$V H$a aho h¢ {H$ AÝ` Z`-{Zjonm{X H$m ñdê$n ^r OmZZm 4. A{ZpíMVmo@nydm©W©:Ÿ&
Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& 5. Ñï>mo@{n g_mamonmÎmmÑH²$Ÿ&
Ÿ&& B{V fð> n[aÀN>Xo && 6. ñdmoÝ_wIV`m à{V^mgZ§ ñdñ` ì`dgm`:Ÿ&
ApÝV_ àepñV • 7. AW©ñ`od VXwÝ_wIV`mŸ&
8. KQ>_h_mË_Zm do{ÙŸ&
narjm_wI_mXeª ho`monmXo`VÎd`mo:Ÿ& 9. H$_©dV²H$V¥©H$aU{H«$`màVrVo:Ÿ&
g§{dXo _mÑemo ~mb: narjmXjdX²ì`Ym_²Ÿ&& 10. eãXmZwÀMmaUo@{n ñdñ`mZw^dZ_W©dV²Ÿ&
AW© • ho` Am¡a CnmXo` VÎd Ho$ kmZ Ho$ {bE AmXe© (Xn©U) Ho$ 11. H$mo dm VËà{V^m{gZ_W©_Ü`j{_ÀN>§ñVXod VWm ZoÀN>oV²Ÿ&
g_mZ Bg narjm_wI J«ÝW H$mo _oao O¡go ~mbH$ Zo narjm Xj Ho$ g_mZ 12. VËàm_mÊ`§ ñdV: naíMŸ&
aMZm H$s h¡Ÿ& AW {ÛVr`: n[aÀN>oX:
Ÿ&& B{V gånyUm} J«ÝW: && 1. VX² ÛoYmŸ&
2. àË`joVa^oXmV²Ÿ&
3. {deX§ àË`j_²Ÿ&
4. àVrË`ÝVamì`dYmZoZ {deofdÎm`m dm à{V^mgZ§ d¡eÚ_²Ÿ&
5. BpÝÐ`m{ZpÝÐ`m{Z{_Îm§ XoeV: gm§ì`dhm[aH$_²Ÿ&
6. ZmWm©bmoH$m¡ H$maU§ n[aÀN>oÚËdmÎm_modV²Ÿ&
7. VXÝd`ì`{VaoH$mZw{dYmZm^mdmƒ Ho$emoÊSw>H$kmZdÞº§$MakmZdƒŸ&
8. AVÁOÝ`_{n VËàH$meH§$ àXrndV²Ÿ&
9. ñdmdaUj`mone_bjU`mo½`V`m {h à{V{Z`V_Wª ì`dñWmn`{VŸ&
10. H$maUñ` M n[aÀN>oÚËdo H$aUm{XZm ì`{^Mma:Ÿ&
11. gm_J«r{deof{díbo{fVm{IbmdaU_VrpÝÐ`pÝÐ`_eofVmo _w»`_²Ÿ&
12. gmdaUËdo H$aUOÝ`Ëdo M à{V~§Ygå^dmV²Ÿ&
82 narjm_wI narjm_wIgyÌgyMr 83

AW V¥Vr`: n[aÀN>oX: 29. AÝ`Wm VXKQ>ZmV²Ÿ&

1. namoj{_VaV²Ÿ& 30. gmÜ`Y_m©YmagÝXohmnZmoXm` Jå`_mZñ`m{n njñ` dMZ_²Ÿ&
2. àË`jm{X{Z{_Îm§ ñ_¥{VàË`{^kmZVH$m©Zw_mZmJ_^oX_²Ÿ& 31. gmÜ`Y{_©{U gmYZY_m©d~moYZm` njY_m}ng§hmadV²Ÿ&
3. g§ñH$mamoX²~moY{Z~ÝYZm V{XË`mH$mam ñ_¥{V:Ÿ& 32. H$mo dm {ÌYm hoVw_wŠËdm g_W©`_mZmo Z nj`{VŸ&
4. g XodXÎmmo `WmŸ& 33. EVX²Û`_odmZw_mL²>J§ ZmoXmhaU_²Ÿ&
5. Xe©Z-ñ_aUH$maUH§$ g§H$bZ§ àË`{^kmZ_²Ÿ& VXodoX§, VËgÑe§, V{ÛbjU§, 34. Z {h VËgmÜ`à{VÎ`L²>J§ VÌ `Wmoº$hoVmoaod ì`mnmamV²&
VËà{V`moJrË`m{XŸ& 35. VX{dZm^md{ZíM`mWª dm {dnjo ~mYH$à_mU~bmXod VpËgÕo:Ÿ&
6. `Wm g Edm`§ XodXÎm: JmogÑemo Jd`: Jmo{dbjUmo _{hf:, BX_ñ_mX² Xya_², 36. ì`{º$ê$n§ M {ZXe©Z§ gm_mÝ`oZ Vw ì`m{áñVÌm{n V{Ûà{VnÎmmdZdñWmZ§ ñ`mX²
d¥jmo@`{_Ë`m{XŸ& Ñï>mÝVmÝVamnojUmV²Ÿ&
7. Cnbå^mZwnbå^{Z{_Îm§ ì`m{ákmZ_yh:Ÿ& 37. Zm{n ì`m{áñ_aUmWª VWm{dYhoVwà`moJmXod VËñ_¥Vo:Ÿ&
8. BX_pñ_ÝgË`od ^dË`g{V Vw Z ^dË`odŸ& 38. VËna_{^Yr`_mZ§ gmÜ`Y{_©{U gmÜ`gmYZo gÝXoh`{VŸ&
9. `Wm@½Zmdod Yy_ñVX^mdo Z ^dË`odo{V MŸ& 39. Hw$Vmo@Ý`WmonZ`{ZJ_ZoŸ&
10. gmYZmËgmÜ`{dkmZ_Zw_mZ_²Ÿ& 40. Z M Vo VX§Jo, gmÜ`Y{_©{U hoVwgmÜ``mod©MZmXodmg§e`mV²Ÿ&
11. gmÜ`m{dZm^m{dËdoZ {ZpíMVmo hoVw:Ÿ& 41. g_W©Z§ dm da§ hoVwê$n_Zw_mZmd`dmo dmñVw gmÜ`o VXwn`moJmV²Ÿ&
12. ghH«$_^md{Z`_mo@{dZm^md:Ÿ& 42. ~mbì`wËnË`Wª VÌ`monJ_o emó Edmgm¡, Z dmXo@Zwn`moJmV²Ÿ&
13. ghMm[aUmoì`m©ß`ì`mnH$`moíM gh^md:Ÿ& 43. Ñï>mÝVmo ÛoYm AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$^oXmV²Ÿ&
14. nydm}ÎmaMm[aUmo: H$m`©H$maU`moíM H«$_^md:Ÿ& 44. gmÜ`ì`m᧠gmYZ§ `Ì àXí`©Vo gmo@Ý`Ñï>mÝV:Ÿ&
15. VH$m©Îm{ÝZU©`:Ÿ& 45. gmÜ`m^mdo gmYZm^mdmo `Ì H$Ï`Vo g ì`{VaoH$ Ñï>mÝV:Ÿ&
16. Bï>_~m{YV_{gÕ§ gmÜ`_²Ÿ& 46. hoVmoéng§hma CnZ`:Ÿ&
17. g§{X½Y{dn`©ñVmì`wËnÞmZm§ gmÜ`Ëd§ `Wm ñ`m{XË`{gÕnX_²Ÿ& 47. à{Vkm`mñVw {ZJ_Z_²Ÿ&
18. A{Zï>mÜ`jm{X~m{YV`mo: gmÜ`Ëd§ _m ^y{XVrï>m~m{YVdMZ_²Ÿ& 48. VXZw_mZ§ ÛoYmŸ&
19. Z Mm{gÕd{Xï>§ à{Vdm{XZ:Ÿ& 49. ñdmW©namW©^Xo mV²Ÿ&
20. àË`m`Zm` hrÀN>m dºw$aodŸ& 50. ñdmW©_wº$bjU_²Ÿ&
21. gmÜ`§ Y_©: Šd{MÎm{Û{eï>mo dm Y_uŸ& 51. namWª Vw VXW© nam_{e©dMZmÁOmV_²Ÿ&
22. nj B{V `mdV²Ÿ& 52. VÛMZ_{n VÕoVwËdmV²Ÿ&
23. à{gÕmo Y_uŸ& 53. g hoVwÛ}Ym CnbãÜ`ZwnbpãY^oXmV²Ÿ&
24. {dH$ën{gÕo Vpñ_Z² gÎmoVao gmÜ`oŸ& 54. CnbpãY{d©{Yà{VfoY`moaZwnbpãYíMŸ&
25. ApñV gd©kmo ZmpñV Ia{dfmU{_{VŸ& 55. A{déÕmonbpãY{d©Ym¡ fmo‹T>m ì`mß`H$m`©H$maUnydm}ÎmaghMa^oXmV²Ÿ&
26. à_mUmo^`{gÕo Vw gmÜ`Y_©{d{eï>VmŸ& 56. agmXoH$gm_J«²`Zw_mZoZ ê$nmZw_mZ{_ÀN>{X²^[aï>_od qH${MËH$maU§ hoVw`©Ì
27. A{¾_mZ`§ Xoe: n[aUm_r eãX: B{V `WmŸ& gm_Ï`m©à{V~ÝYH$maUmÝVamd¡H$ë`oŸ&
28. ì`mám¡ Vw gmÜ`§ Y_© EdŸ& 57. Z M nydm}ÎmaaMm[aUmoñVmXmËå`§ VXwËn{Îmdm© H$mbì`dYmZo VXZwnbãYo:Ÿ&
84 narjm_wI narjm_wIgyÌgyMr 85
58. ^mì`VrV`mo_©aUOmJ«X²~moY`moa{n Zm[aï>moÛmoYm¡ à{V hoVwËd_²Ÿ& 87. A^yXÌ MH«o$ {edH$: ñWmgmV²Ÿ&
59. VX²ì`mnmam{lV§ {h VX²^md^m{dËd_²Ÿ& 88. H$m`©H$m`©_{déÕH$m`m}nbãYm¡Ÿ&
60. ghMm[aUmoa{n nañnan[ahmaoUmdñWmZmËghmoËnmXmƒŸ& 89. ZmñË`Ì Jw h m`m§ _¥ J ãXmo S > Z § _¥ J m[ag§ e ãXZmV² Ÿ & H$maU{déÕH$m`ª
61. n[aUm_r eãX:, H¥$VH$ËdmV²Ÿ& ` Ed§ g Ed§ Ñï>mo `Wm KQ>:Ÿ& H¥$VH$íMm`_², {déÕH$m`m}nbãYm¡ `WmŸ&
Vñ_mËn[aUm_r{VŸ& `ñVw Z n[aUm_r, g Z H¥$VH$mo Ñï>mo `Wm dÝÜ`mñVZÝY`:Ÿ& 90. ì`wËnÞà`moJñVw VWmonnÎ`m@Ý`WmZwnnÎ`¡d dmŸ&
H¥$VH$íMm`_², Vñ_mËn[aUm_rŸ& 91. A{¾_mZ`§ XoeñVW¡d Yy_dÎdmonnÎmoYy©_dËdmÝ`WmZwnnÎmodm©Ÿ&
62. AñË`Ì Xo{h{Z ~w{Õì`m©hmamXo:Ÿ& 92. hoVwà`moJmo {h `Wm ì`m{áJ«hU§ {dYr`Vo, gm M VmdÝ_mÌoU ì`wËnÞ¡admY`©VoŸ&
63. AñË`ÌN>m`m N>ÌmV²Ÿ& 93. VmdVm M gmÜ`{g{Õ:Ÿ&
64. CXoî`{V eH$Q>§ H¥${VH$moX`mV²Ÿ& 94. VoZ njñVXmYma gyMZm`moº$:Ÿ&
65. CØmØa{U: àmŠVV EdŸ& 95. AmádMZm{X{Z~ÝYZ_W©kmZ_mJ_:Ÿ&
66. AñË`Ì _mVwqbJo ê$n§ agmV²Ÿ& 96. ghO`mo½`Vmg§Ho$Vmdem{Õ eãXmX`mo dñVwà{Vn{ÎmhoVd:Ÿ&
67. {déÕVXwnbpãY: à{VfoYo VWmŸ& 97. `Wm_odm©X`: gpÝVŸ&
68. ZmñË`Ì erVñne©: Am¡îÊ`mV²Ÿ& AW MVwW©: n[aÀN>oX:
69. ZmñË`Ì erVñnem} Yy_mV²Ÿ&
70. Zmpñ_Z² ear[a{U gwI_pñV öX`eë`mV²Ÿ& 1. gm_mÝ`{deofmË_m VXWm} {df`:Ÿ&
71. ZmoXoî`{V _whÿÎmm©ÝVo eH$Q>§ aodË`wX`mV²Ÿ& 2. AZwd¥Îmì`md¥ÎmàË``JmoMaËdmËnydm}ÎmamH$man[ahmamdm{á-
72. ZmoXJmX^a{U_©whÿÎmm©Ënydª nwî`moX`mV²Ÿ& pñW{VbjUn[aUm_oZmW©{H«$`monÎmoíMŸ&
73. ZmñË`Ì {^Îmm¡ na^mJm^mdmo@dm©½^mJXe©ZmV²Ÿ& 3. gm_mÝ`§ ÛoYm {V`©JyÜd©Vm^oXmV²Ÿ&
74. A{déÕmZwnbpãY… à{VfoYo gáYm ñd^mdì`mnH$H$m`©H$maUnydm}ÎmaghMamZwn 4. gÑen[aUm_pñV`©H²$ IÊS>_wÊS>m{Xfw JmoËddV²Ÿ&
bå^^oXmV²Ÿ& 5. namna{ddV©ì`m{nÐì`_yÜd©Vm _¥{Xd ñWmgm{XfwŸ&
75. ZmñË`Ì ^yVbo KQ>mo@ZwnbãYo:Ÿ& 6. {deofíMŸ&
76. ZmñË`Ì qeenm d¥jmZwnbãYo:Ÿ& 7. n`m©`ì`{VaoH$^oXmV²Ÿ&
77. ZmñË`Ìmà{V~Õgm_Ï`m}@{¾Y©y_mZwnbãYo:Ÿ& 8. EH$pñ_Z²Ðì`o H«$_^m{dZ: n[aUm_m: n`m©`m AmË_{Z hf©{dfmXm{XdV²Ÿ&
78. ZmñË`Ì Yy_mo@Z½Zo:Ÿ& 9. AWm©ÝVaJVmo {dgÑen[aUm_mo ì`{VaoH$mo Jmo_{hfm{XdV²Ÿ&
79. Z ^{dî`{V _w©hyVm©ÝVo eH$Q>§ H¥${VH$moX`mZwnbãYo:Ÿ& AW n§M_: n[aÀN>oX:
80. ZmoXJmØa{U_w©hÿÎmm©àmº$V EdŸ& 1. AkmZ{Zd¥{Îmhm©ZmonmXmZmonojmíM \$b_²Ÿ&
81. ZmñË`Ì _wÞm_mo Zm_mZwnbãYo:Ÿ& 2. à_mUmX{^Þ§ MŸ&
82. {déÕmZwnbpãY{d©Ym¡ ÌoYm • {déÕH$m`©H$maUñd^mdmZwnbpãY^oXmV²Ÿ& 3. d… à{__rVo g Ed {Zd¥ÎmmkmZmo OhmË`mXÎm CnojVo Mo{V àVrVo…Ÿ&
83. `Wm@pñ_Z² àm{U{Z ì`m{Y{deofmo@pñV {Zam_`Moï>mZwnbãYo:Ÿ&
84. AñË`Ì Xo{h{Z Xw:I{_ï>g§`moJm^mdmV²Ÿ&
AW fð>: n[aÀN>oX:
85. AZoH$mÝVmË_H§$ dñËdoH$mÝVñdê$nmZwnbãYo… 1. VVmo@Ý`ÎmXm^mg_²Ÿ&
86. naåna`m gå^dËgmYZ_Ì¡dmÝV^m©dZr`_²Ÿ& 2. Añdg§{d{XVJ¥hrVmW©Xe©Zg§e`mX`: à_mUm^mgm:Ÿ&
86 narjm_wI narjm_wIgyÌgyMr 87
3. ñd{df`monXe©H$Ëdm^mdmV²Ÿ& 35. {gÕo àË`jm{X~m{YVo M gmÜ`o hoVwaqH${MËH$a:Ÿ&
4. nwéfmÝVanydm©W©JÀN>Îm¥Uñne©ñWmUwnwéfm{XkmZdV²Ÿ& 36. {gÕ: lmdU: eãX: eãXËdmV²Ÿ&
5. Mjwag`moЩì`o g§`wº$g_dm`dƒŸ& 37. qH${MXH$aUmV²Ÿ&
6. Ad¡eÚo àË`j§ VXm^mg§ ~m¡Õñ`mH$ñ_mX² Yy_Xe©ZmÛ{ˆ{dkmZdV²Ÿ& 38. `Wm@ZwîUmo@{¾Ð©ì`Ëdm{XË`mXm¡ qH${MËH$Vw©_eŠ`ËdmV²Ÿ&
7. d¡eÚo@{n namoj§ VXm^mg§ _r_m§gH$ñ` H$aUkmZdV²Ÿ& 39. bjU Edmgm¡ Xmofmo ì`wËnÞà`moJñ` njXmofoU¡d Xwï>ËdmV²Ÿ&
8. AVpñ_¨ñV{X{V kmZ§ ñ_aUm^mg§, {OZXÎmo g XodXÎmmo `WmŸ& 40. Ñï>mÝVm^mgm AÝd`o@{gÕgmÜ`gmYZmo^`m:Ÿ&
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10. Agå~Õo VÁkmZ§ VH$m©^mg_²Ÿ& 42. {dnarVmÝd`íM `Xnm¡éfo`§ VX_yV©_²Ÿ&
11. BX_Zw_mZm^mg_²Ÿ& 43. {dÚwXm{XZm@{Vàg§JmV²Ÿ&
12. VÌm{Zï>m{X: njm^mg:Ÿ& 44. ì`{VaoH$@{gÕVX²ì`{VaoH$m: na_mpÊdpÝÐ`gwImH$medV²Ÿ&
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14. {gÕ: lmdU: eãX:Ÿ& 46. ~mbà`moJm^mg: n§Mmd`dofw {H$`ÕrZVmŸ&
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17. An[aUm_r eãX: H¥$VH$ËdmX² KQ>dV²Ÿ& 49. Vñ_mX{½Z_mZ² Yy_dm§íMm`_²Ÿ&
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22. AgËgÎmm{ZíM`mo@{gÕ:Ÿ& 54. {dg§dmXmV²Ÿ&
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88 narjm_wI

66. \$bm^mg§ à_mUmX{^Þ§ {^Þ_od dmŸ&

67. A^oXo VX²ì`dhmamZwnnÎmo:Ÿ&
68. ì`md¥Ë`m{n Z VËH$ënZm \$bmÝVamX² ì`md¥Ë`m@\$bËdàg§JmV²Ÿ&
69. à_mUmÝVamX² ì`md¥Î`odmà_mUËd_ñ`Ÿ&
70. Vñ_mÕmñVdmo ^oX:Ÿ&
71. ^oXo ËdmË_mÝVadÎmXZwnnÎmo:Ÿ&
72. g_dm`o@{Vàg§J:Ÿ&
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à{Vdm{XZmo XyfU^yfUo MŸ&
74. gå^dXÝ`{ÛMmaUr`_²Ÿ&

narjm`m§ àï>ì` _hÎdnyU© àíZm:

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5. gmÜ`ñ` ñdê$n§ gmoXmhaU§ g{dñVma§ Hw$éVŸ&
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7. à_mUm^mgmZwXmöË` n§Mmd`dñ` ñdê$n§ {bIVŸ&
8. J«ÝWmZwgma: AmJ_ñ` qH$ ñdê$n dV©VoŸ&
9. à_mUñ` {df` Ed§ M \$b {df`o qH$ OmZpÝV ^dÝV: {deXV`m {ddoMZr`_²Ÿ&
10. ñ_¥Vo: ñdê$n{^Ym` JmogÑemo Jd` B{V kmZ§ Hw$ÌmÝV^©dVr{V {Zéß`Vm_²Ÿ&
11. àË`jbjU§ {d{b»` AWm©bmoH$`mo: H$maUËd§ {ZamHw$éVŸ&
12. _m{UŠ`ZpÝXZ: {df`o ^dÝV: qH$ OmZpÝVŸ?