Kaḷinga Architecture

Islamic Influenced Art

Types of Indian Art The Kalinga architectural style, originating in ancient Kalinga (now

ART
Odisha), features three temple types: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula, and
Khakhara Deula. Rekha and Pidha Deulas, linked to Vishnu, Surya,
Paintings and Shiva, have curvilinear and pyramidal towers, respectively.
Phad Khakhara Deulas, associated with Chamunda and Durga, feature
barrel-shaped towers. Kalinga temples, comprising a sanctuary
(deul) and a viewing hall (jagamohana), emphasize architectural
rules, iconography, traditions, and legends. Early temples lacked the
jagamohana.

Rock-cut / cave architecture

Introduction
Indian art is renowned for its rich heritage and variety of forms,
deeply influenced by religious and spiritual themes. Historically, it
was created for spiritual or religious purposes.
It is also characterized by its vibrant colors and intricate details,
with many traditional practices being highly time-consuming and
meticulous.
Explore India's expansive artistic legacy, one of the oldest in the
world. Learn about different periods in Indian art history, from
ancient to colonial.
In the 12th century, the gradual Muslim
conquest led to the establishment of
Islamic states in India. Islam gained
prominence, especially under the
Mughal Empire from the 16th to mid-
19th century. Mughal rule profoundly
impacted India's culture, clothing, art,
and architecture, with enduring
Indian rock-cut architecture, more varied
and abundant than any other globally,
involves carving structures from solid
natural rock. Predominantly religious, these
durable caves were used by Buddhist
monks as residences during the rainy
Phad is the narrative scroll painting tradition from Rajasthan, dating back to a thousand years. season and for propagating religious
Stories of local deities and heroes are painted on horizontal cloth scrolls in hues of red, yellow principles. The earliest example is the 3rd-
and orange The Phad scrolls show depictions of battlefields, adventure stories, legendary century BCE Barabar Caves in Bihar.
romances and the richness of the Indian princely states. The Phad painting style leaves one Notable early cave temples include the
Bhaja, Karla, Bedsa, Kanheri, and Ajanta
spellbound at how the folk artists accommodate multiple stories in a single composition, yet
Caves, reflecting Buddhist and Jain
maintain the aesthetics of artistic expression. worship and sometimes imitating wooden
Kerala Mural construction.

examples like the Taj Mahal.

The vibrant Kerala mural paintings are one of the Sculpture
History Colonial Era Art world’s most famous frescos and have deep spiritual
roots depicting themes of Hindu mythology, epics, the Marble Sculpture
Ancient Indian Art classic frolics of Krishna as well as the mystic forms of
Siva and Shakti. They also recount some legendary
Ancient India spans from
heroes of the bygone era. This traditional art style
roughly 7000 BCE to 500 CE.
Before the Indus Valley
dates to the seventh and eighth century AD and is
Civilization, Stone Age nomads, characterised by vivacious imagery, bold strokes, and
who lived as far back as the vivid colours. Ochre-red, yellow- ochre, bluish- green,
Lower Pleistocene around white and pure colors are predominantly used in
12,000 years ago, were the first Kerala mural painting.
to create art in the region. The
Indus Valley Civilization,
emerging in the Bronze Age, Bengal Pat or Kalighat Painting Stone Scupture
was a major and ancient Wooden Sculpture
civilization extending into The style was developed around Mid-19th century in the neighbourhood
present-day Afghanistan. of Kali Temple in Calcutta. These drawings on paper were done by a group
Artistic forms from this period known as “patuas” hence the name Kalighata Pata. They depicted scenes of
include rock paintings A pivotal moment in Indian art history was the everyday life and mythological deities in a simple yet captivating manner
(pictoglyphs), rock carvings arrival of Vasco da Gama in the late 15th and developed into the popular kalighat style of painting. Kalighat painters
(petroglyphs), and sculptures century, establishing direct trade with India. predominantly use earthy Indian colours like indigo, ochre, Indian red, grey,
made from bronze and By the 17th century, France, the Netherlands, blue and white. The swift, seamless, free-flowing outline is a distinguished
terracotta. Denmark, and England facilitated trade. characteristic of Kalighat style of paintings. This painting style has inspired
Following the 18th-century Maratha decline, many artists, the most famous being Jamini Roy, one of the celebrated
Buddhism and Hinduism Influenced Art European influence grew, culminating in British
dominance by the mid-19th century. This
artist in Indian art.

period saw a blend of local and foreign artistic

Buddhism began in India in the 6th
century BCE, inspiring stone and
traditions, creating a romanticized Indian style Architectures
catering to European tastes.
bronze sculptures and intricate cave Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture
art with Greek influences. By the 5th Independence Era Art
century CE, sculpture was prevalent
India gained independence on August 15, 1947, Indo-Saracenic architecture, a revivalist
among Buddhists and Hindus. Hindu after decades of British rule. The country's style from the late 19th century, blended
art flourished for centuries, with grand history of world wars, invasions, oppression,
struggles, and cultural evolution profoundly British and Indian elements, particularly in
temples like the 11th-century
influenced Indian art and culture. public and government buildings during the
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple.
British Raj. Originating with the Chepauk
Infographics: Project for Finals (Art
Palace in 1768, this style flourished in cities in Asia)
like Bombay and Calcutta, combining Indo-
Islamic, especially Mughal, and occasionally Submitted by: Christian D. Plopinio
Hindu temple motifs with Gothic revival and
Neo-Classical structures, creating a unique
Date: June 1, 2024
fusion that marked the period's Due Date: June 1, 2024 5:00PM
architectural landscape. It
Submitted to Shanelle Nopre