Beyond Color-Kinematic duality and the Classical

double copy

Week of Doctoral Students - June 2024

Álvaro Martínez
Supervisor: Vojtěch Witzany
Outline

1. Double Copy

2. Classical Yang Mills

3. Work in progress

4. Summary

1/10
What is the Double Copy?

Gravity = (Gauge Theory)2

| {z } | {z }
General Relativity Classical Yang-Mills

[Kawai, Lewellen, Tye 86]

= ⊗

2/10
What is the Double Copy?

Gravity = (Gauge Theory)2

| {z } | {z }
General Relativity Classical Yang-Mills

[Kawai, Lewellen, Tye 86]

= ⊗

Originally from amplitudes [Bern, Carrasco, Johansson 1004.0476 & 0805.3993]

YM A = gT a ε · (p2 − p1 )

GR M = κ (ε · (p2 − p1 ))2
2/10
Seeing Double in Black Holes
Kerr-Schild (classical) double copy [Monteiro, O’Connell, White 1410.0239]
• Gravity: Schwarzschild solution
gμν = ημν + ϕkμ kν , ϕ(r) = 2M/ r , k = dt + dr

• YM theory: Coulomb solution

Aaμ = ca ϕ kμ , ϕ(r) = q/ r

3/10
Seeing Double in Black Holes
Kerr-Schild (classical) double copy [Monteiro, O’Connell, White 1410.0239]
• Gravity: Schwarzschild solution
gμν = ημν + ϕkμ kν , ϕ(r) = 2M/ r , k = dt + dr

• YM theory: Coulomb solution

Aaμ = ca ϕ kμ , ϕ(r) = q/ r

Schwarzschild ∼ (Coulomb)2

3/10
Some Examples

Guage Theory Gravity

Coulomb −→ Schwarzschild
Rotating disk −→ Kerr
M. monopole −→ Taub-NUT
Plane waves −→ pp-waves

... and many more!

4/10
Current research
Classical limit of YM theory

• Double copy at level of geodesics?

• Double copy between sources?

5/10
Current research
Classical limit of YM theory

• Double copy at level of geodesics?

• Double copy between sources?

Wong’s equations
[Wong 69]

Q̇a = −if a bc żμ Abμ Qc

m0 z̈μ = Qa Faμν żν

Fμν = ∂μ Aν − ∂ν Aμ + ifa bc Abμ Acν

5/10
Non-Abelian Classical Gauge Theory

Hamilton-Jacobi approach

1
H= pμ pμ − 2gξa Aa μ pμ + g2 (ξa Aa μ )2


2m

First steps

• Solutions of EOM
• Scattering angle
• Asymptotic states
• S matrix → Eikonal limit

6/10
Some Results
QCD classical dynamics

• EOM test particle: R = r2 E2 + κm − c2 + 2cEr + L2

Z
mrr
λ= p dr ,
R
Er − c
Z r
t= p dr ,
R
Er + c
Z r
Ψ = − Qg p dr
r R

7/10
Some Results
QCD classical dynamics

• EOM test particle: R = r2 E2 + κm − c2 + 2cEr + L2

Z
mrr
λ= p dr ,
R
Er − c
Z r
t= p dr ,
R
Er + c
Z r
Ψ = − Qg p dr
r R
p p p
L2 (Ep
2 −m2 )−c2 (m2 −2E2 )−cE c2 +L2 E2 −m2
h  i
• Δϕ = p 4L tn−1 − tn−1
c2 +L2 (c2 +L2 )(E2 −m2 ) cE
7/10
Why is it important?

Theoretical view
• Why does this correspondence function as it does?
• Is there some hidden geometric reason for it?
• How extensive is this correspondence?
• Is this telling us something important and fundamental, or is it some kind of trick?

8/10
Why is it important?

Theoretical view
• Why does this correspondence function as it does?
• Is there some hidden geometric reason for it?
• How extensive is this correspondence?
• Is this telling us something important and fundamental, or is it some kind of trick?
Applications
• GW computable from gauge theory (precision needed)
• Faster way to calculate in GR
• Use of QFT tools for GW

8/10
Summary & Outlook

Good idea
• The double copy has revealed a hidden, simpler side of gravity, but we don’t know
where that simplicity comes from.
• There are many incarnations at different levels
• YM classic limit (possible new double copy)

9/10
Summary & Outlook

Good idea
• The double copy has revealed a hidden, simpler side of gravity, but we don’t know
where that simplicity comes from.
• There are many incarnations at different levels
• YM classic limit (possible new double copy)

Useful tool
• Gravitational Waves Science
• New way to see Gravity

9/10
 Samuel Velasco/Quanta Magazine

Thank you.
Any Questions? 10/10