CABUYAO INTEGRATED
School
DETAILED
LESSON
PLAN
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
B. Performance Standards
C. Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC)
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Material pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional Materials from
Learning Resources
B. List of Learning Resources for
Development and Engagement Activities
IV. PROCEDURES
A. INTRODUCTION
(10 mins.)
Grade Level 10
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Teacher JOSEPHINE C. BAGSIC Learning Area English
Teaching Date May 7, 2024 Quarter Fourth
Teaching Time 8:00 – 8:50 am No. of Days 1 (Week 7)
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
1. familiarize with the concept of cohesion in writing;
2. analyze the given text and apply the concept of cohesion; and
3. reflect on the essence of cohesion in expanding ideas.
The learner demonstrates understanding of how world literature and other text
types serve as instruments to resolve social conflicts, also how to use the language
of research, campaigns and advocacies.
The learner competently presents a research report on a relevant socio-cultural
issue.
 Expanding ideas using principles of cohesion and coherence
Achieving Cohesion and Coherence in Writing
N/A
N/A
A. Prayer
- A student shall lead the prayer.
B. Attendance
- The secretary shall check and note the absences for the day/session.
C. Motivation
Mars Anong Latest?
(Mars, What’s the latest news?)
Instructions: Students shall read the latest trends or issues. Then, they will
analyze the given text and identify whether it is a Chikka! good statement
or Fake News! a bad statement.
____1. The increasing heat index has become a pressing concern in many
regions around the world. As global temperatures continue to rise due to
climate change, heatwaves have become more frequent and intense,
leading to higher heat index values. Furthermore, these soaring
temperatures not only pose risks to human health but also exacerbate
environmental challenges such as droughts and wildfires.
- What was the text about?
- Do the statements flow smoothly?
- Chikka or Fake News?
Answer: CHIKKA (Transistion)
 ____2. An air conditioner in Pangasinan was stolen as the heat index stayed
at a dangerous level. She was stolen , Friday, May 3.
- What was the text about?
- Does the statement flow smoothly?
- Chikka or Fake News?

Answer: FAKE NEWS

____3. Marina Summers … slays in RuPaul’s Drag Race. She performed Ama
Filipina in one of her jaw-dropping performances.

- What was the text about?

- Does the statement flow smoothly?
- Chikka or Fake News?

Answer: CHIKKA

____4. According to survey, 73% of adult Filipinos agreed that they use
their phones more than 5 hours a day.
* 92% mentioned that their mobile finances significantly improved with phones and 70 out of
the 73 percent used their phones on Social Networking Sites
- What was the text about?
- Does the statement flow smoothly?
- Chikka or Fake News?

Answer: CHIKKA

____5. The major reasons for dropouts during the pandemic in the
Philippines are early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and domestic violence.
This further explains that early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and domestic
violence are the root causes of dropouts in our country.
- What was the text about?
- Does the statement flow smoothly?
- Chikka or Fake News?

Answer: FAKENEWS – Improper Referencing

B. DEVELOPMENT Achieving Cohesion in Writing

(15 mins.)

You are in the so-called 4th Industrial Revolution. It means that

you have the power to access tons of information in just a few clicks.
This gives you an advantage in accomplishing many tasks –
particularly when you are assigned to write essays, research reports
and other compositions that require the ability to select relevant
information and stitch them into a meaningful piece. This week’s
lesson will help you with that particular skill - writing and expanding
ideas with cohesion and coherence. These two words, though
sometimes used interchangeably, differ in many ways.

Today, the discussion will focus on Cohesion.

Cohesion is an important characteristic of a written text to be

lexically and grammatically connected. This word comes from the
word cohere, which means 'to stick together'. Cohesion is therefore
working to connect the words and sentences that you write. It

Indicator 1: Applied knowledge and

signals the readers on what the relationships are between the
different ideas.
Good cohesion is achieved through five main methods:
repeated words/ideas, reference words, transition signals, synonyms,
and ellipsis.

- Repetition of the key term or phrase is the emphasis of an

idea through repeating it within sentences or paragraphs.
This helps to focus your ideas and to keep your readers on
track.

- Reference Words or Pronouns are used to refer to

something that is mentioned elsewhere in the text. Anaphoric
reference when it substituted an already introduced referent.
For instance, “I went out with Maria 1 on Sunday. She2 looked
beautiful”.
Like in our statement earlier, “An air conditioner in Pangasinan
was stolen as the heat index stayed at a dangerous level. She was stolen Friday,
May 3..”, the pronoun she, is erroneous as the pronoun pertains to the air
conditioner, which must be “it”.
On the other hand, it is considered a cataphoric reference
when the idea being substituted comes after the pronoun. For
example, “She1 is really kind, friendly, and smart. She is Mia 2.” The
most used of pronouns are he, she, it, they, those, this, these and
that, which can be useful when referring to something previously
mentioned in the paper. However, take care to include a referent if
necessary for clarity.

- Transitional words are also called as connectors. These

signals the relationship of different ideas and sentences
presented. Examples of transitional signals are “and”,
“however”, “therefore”, “in addition”, “also”, “but” “moreover,
etc.
Just like in the paragraph,

The increasing heat index has become a pressing concern in

many regions around the world. As global temperatures continue to rise
due to climate change, heatwaves have become more frequent and
intense, leading to higher heat index values. Furthermore, these soaring
temperatures not only pose risks to human health but also exacerbate
environmental challenges such as droughts and wildfires.

Other Transitional Words and Phrases are as follows:

 To provide more information: additionally, again, also,
besides, furthermore, in addition to, moreover, too
 To compare: also, although, but, however, in contrast,
nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand
 To summarize: finally, in closing, in conclusion, in other
words, in short, in summary, therefore, to close, to
summarize
 To indicate chronology: after, finally, first/second/third,
meanwhile, later, before, afterward, then, next

- Synonyms are words that have essentially the same

meaning, and they provide some variety in your word
choices, helping the reader to stay focused on the idea being
 discussed.
The increasing heat index has become a pressing concern
in many regions around the world. As global temperatures continue to
rise due to climate change, heatwaves have become more frequent and
intense, leading to higher heat index values. Furthermore, these soaring
temperatures not only pose risks to human health but also exacerbate
environmental challenges such as droughts and wildfires.

- Ellipsis is another cohesive device. Ellipsis is done by omitting

out one or more words, because the meaning is clear from
the context. Ellipsis is sometimes called substitution by zero,
since essentially one or more words are substituted with no
word taking their place.

Example:
Without an Ellipsis: After school I went to the mall, which was a few
blocks away, and then came home.
With an Ellipsis: After school I went to the mall … and then came
home.

Marina Summers … slays in RuPaul’s Drag Race. She performed Ama

Filipina in one of her jaw-dropping performances.

Group Quiz
C. Engagement
A Collaborative task
(15mins.)

The students shall analyze a given text. Within the time limit, they must
apply the concept of cohesion to be able to clearly state the idea of the
statement. They will be given 30 seconds per item.

1. "I went hiking. The forest was dense. It was hard to see. Sarah was
our guide. She was confident.

2. We encountered obstacles. Fallen trees. Steep inclines. It was tough.

Sarah was encouraging. We were determined.

3. Finally, we reached a clearing. It was beautiful. The sun was shining."

D. ASSIMILATION ( 5 mins.)
Oral Questioning:
How do we use cohesion to properly and effectively state and expand
ideas?

V. ASSESSMENT (10mins.) Text Analysis

Evaluate the paragraph below. Explain how the paragraph achieved the
cohesive attribute through:
A. Repetition of the key term or phrase
B. References or Pronouns
C. Transitional Words
D. Synonyms
E. Ellipsis
 "The government's efforts to combat climate change are crucial
in safeguarding our planet's future. The implementation of sustainable
practices is essential to mitigate the effects of global warming and
preserve biodiversity. However, achieving meaningful progress requires
collective action from both policymakers and individuals. Therefore,
governments must enact robust environmental policies, while citizens can
contribute through simple yet impactful actions such as reducing energy
consumption and embracing renewable energy sources. By working
together, we can address the urgent challenges posed by climate change
and create a more sustainable world for future generations."

Answer:

A. Repetition of the key term or phrase: The term "climate change" is

repeated throughout the statement to reinforce its significance and
maintain focus on the topic.

B. References or Pronouns: Pronouns such as "our planet's future," "the

effects," and "we" are used to refer back to previously mentioned ideas
(e.g., climate change, global warming, citizens), creating cohesion between
sentences and paragraphs.

C. Transitional Words: Transitional words and phrases like "However,"

"Therefore," and "By working together" signal shifts in ideas and help
guide the reader through the logical progression of arguments.

D. Synonyms: Synonyms such as "combat," "address," and "achieve" are

used to vary the language while conveying the same overarching message,
enhancing cohesion without sounding repetitive.

E. Ellipsis: Ellipsis is subtly employed to omit unnecessary details and

maintain conciseness, ensuring that only essential information is included
in the statement.

Reflection:

- How can we effectively utilize cohesion in a written or spoken discourse?

VI. REFLECTION (3 mins.)
- How does learning these help you be better in expanding ideas and
contents?

Prepared by:

JOSEPHINE C. BAGSIC, LPT, MAED

Teacher II