A

MOOC based Seminar Report

On

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
COURSERA

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement Seminar for the 2nd Semester
BCA
By
Kunal Chousali
230413632
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Vipin Chandra Kuraie
Assistant Professor

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
GRAPHIC ERA HILL UNIVERSITY HALDWANI CAMPUS
TULARAMPUR, NEAR MAHALAXMI TEMPLE, OPP. MIDDAS SQUAR, HALDWANI,
UTTARAKHAND 263139
2023 - 2024
 HALDWANI CAMPUS

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MR. KUNAL CHOUSALI HAS SATISFACTORILY PRESENTED A MOOC BASED SEMINAR. THE

COURSE OF THE MOOC REGISTRATION CLIMATE CHANGE IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE SEMINAR

PRESENTATION REQUIREMENT IN 2ND SEMESTER OF BCA DEGREE COURSE PRESCRIBED BY GRAPHIC ERA HILL

UNIVERSITY, HALDWANI CAMPUS DURING THE YEAR 2023-2024.

Campus MOOC-Coordinator

Name: Mrs. Mukta Jukaria

Signature

Class MOOC Coordinator

Name: Vipin Chandra Kuraie.

Signature

HALDWANI CAMPUS

Certificate of Course Completion Received

 HALDWANI CAMPUS

Certificate of Course registration

 HALDWANI CAMPUS

Proof of course duration

 HALDWANI CAMPUS

Modules Attended
S. DATE Details of Modules Attended PAGE Signature
NO. NO.
1 9-05-2024 What’s Climate Change.
2 11-05-2024 Cause and Effects of Climate Change.
3 13-05-2024 Global warming.
4 15-05-2024 Greenhouse effect.
5 17-05-2024 Rising sea levels.
 6 19-05-2024 Extreme weather Events.
7 22-05-2024 Impact on Ecosystem
8 24-05-2024 Strategies for climate change.
9 26-05-2024 Mitigation strategies.
10 27-05-2024 Adaptation measures.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Vipin Chandra Kurai, whose guidance and support have been invaluable throughout the
course of this project on climate change. His insightful feedback and encouragement have greatly enhanced the quality of this work. I
would also like to thank the faculty and staff of Graphic Era Hill University for providing the resources and environment necessary for the
successful completion of this project. The knowledge and experience gained during the "Climate Change" course have been instrumental in
shaping my understanding and approach to this important issue. Furthermore, I am deeply grateful to my classmates and friends, whose
discussions and collaborative efforts have enriched my learning experience. Your support and camaraderie have made this journey both
enjoyable and rewarding. Lastly, I extend my heartfelt appreciation to my family for their unwavering support and encouragement
throughout my academic pursuits. Your belief in me has been a constant source of motivation.

Thank you!

Name of Student: Kunal Chousali

Email ID: kunalchousali5@gmail.com

Signature:
 MODULE- 1

(WHATS CLIMATE CHANGE)

NAME OF STUDENT: KUNAL CHOUSALI

COURSE: BCA
SEMESTER: 2nd
ROLL NO.: 26

OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

The objective of studying climate change is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles, causes, and impacts of
climate change on our planet. This includes exploring the mechanisms driving climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions and
deforestation, as well as examining the environmental, social, and economic consequences. By acquiring this knowledge, we aim to
develop informed strategies for mitigation and adaptation, and to foster a sense of responsibility and action towards creating a sustainable
and resilient future for all.

WHATS CLIMATE CHANGE.

Climate change refers to long-term alterations in global or regional climate patterns, primarily attributed to human activities. Over the past
century, industrial activities have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, creating a 'greenhouse effect' that leads to global
warming. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and intensive agriculture are major contributors to this increase in greenhouse gases.
As a result, average global temperatures are rising, causing a cascade of environmental changes.

These changes include more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods. Polar ice caps and glaciers are
melting at an unprecedented rate, leading to rising sea levels and threatening coastal communities. Climate change also disrupts
ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and altering habitats, which can lead to species extinction. Additionally, it impacts human health, food
security, and water resources, posing significant challenges for societies worldwide.

Understanding climate change involves studying both its causes and effects, as well as exploring mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Mitigation efforts focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation strategies aim to enhance the resilience of communities
and ecosystems to climate impacts. Addressing climate change requires global cooperation, innovative technologies, and sustainable
practices to ensure a viable future for our planet.

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 MODULE- 2

(Cause and Effects of Climate Change)

Climate Change Causes and Effects

• Climate change is primarily caused by human activities, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions.

• The main source of CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels for energy and transportation.

• Deforestation, intensive agricultural practices, industrial processes, and waste management contribute to the emission of methane and
nitrous oxide.

Deforestation refers to the large-scale removal of forests, typically to clear land for agriculture, urban development, or logging. This
process significantly impacts the environment by reducing biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems, and contributing to climate change. Trees
play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere; when they are cut down, not only is this carbon sequestration capacity
lost, but the stored carbon is also released back into the atmosphere, exacerbating global warming. Deforestation also affects water cycles,
leading to soil erosion and increased risk of floods and droughts. Addressing deforestation is essential for maintaining ecological balance
and combating climate change.

• The effects of climate change are widespread, causing increased global temperatures, severe heatwaves, melting polar ice caps and
glaciers, and escalating extreme weather events.

• Ecosystems and biodiversity are particularly vulnerable, with altered temperature and precipitation patterns disrupting habitats and
potentially leading to species extinction.

• Human health is at risk due to increased heatwave frequency, spread of infectious diseases, and jeopardizing food security.

Human health is increasingly at risk due to climate change, as rising global temperatures and shifting weather patterns have numerous
adverse effects. Heatwaves, which are becoming more frequent and intense, can cause heat-related illnesses and deaths, particularly among
vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with preexisting health conditions. Additionally, changing climates can expand the
habitats of disease-carrying vectors like mosquitoes, leading to the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.
Extreme weather events, including hurricanes, floods, and droughts, can lead to injuries, displacement, and mental health issues. Moreover,
climate change impacts food security by affecting crop yields, leading to malnutrition and food scarcity. The quality of air and water can
also deteriorate due to climate-related factors, increasing the risk of respiratory and waterborne diseases. Addressing these health risks
requires a comprehensive approach to mitigating climate change and enhancing public health infrastructure.

• Addressing climate change requires coordinated global efforts to reduce emissions and enhance resilience.

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 MODULE- 3

(Global warming)

Global Warming and its Impacts

• Global warming is a long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature, driven by increased concentration of greenhouse gases.

• Human activities have significantly accelerated the rate of global warming since the Industrial Revolution.

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most prevalent greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, from burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

• Methane (CH4) is more potent in its heat-trapping ability and is released during agricultural activities, livestock production, and the decay
of organic waste in landfills.

• Nitrous oxide (N2O) is primarily released from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of organic matter and
fossil fuels.

• The past few decades have seen the warmest years on record, with significant warming observed since the late 19th century.

• Melting polar ice caps and glaciers are among the most alarming effects of global warming.

• The warming of the planet has profound effects on weather patterns, making extreme weather events more frequent and severe.

• Global warming also affects biodiversity and ecosystems, leading to shifts in species distribution and the risk of extinction.

• Human health is at significant risk due to global warming, with the spread of vector-borne diseases and increased concentration of
ground-level ozone.

• Agriculture and food security are also vulnerable to the impacts of global warming, with changes in temperature and precipitation patterns
affecting crop yields, leading to food shortages and increased prices.

• Addressing global warming requires a multifaceted approach that includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy
efficiency, and transitioning to renewable energy sources.

• Public awareness and education are critical in mobilizing action and fostering a sense of responsibility towards protecting the planet.

MODULE- 4

(Greenhouse Effects)

The Greenhouse Effect and its Impact

• The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms Earth's surface, absorbed, and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.

• Human activities, especially since the Industrial Revolution, have intensified this effect, leading to global warming and climate change.

• Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.

• Human activities have significantly increased their concentrations in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

• The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century, with most of the warming
occurring in the past few decades.

• The melting of polar ice caps and glaciers is another consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect.
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• The effect has a profound impact on ecosystems and biodiversity, leading to shifts in species distribution and the risk of extinction.

• Human health is at risk due to rising temperatures, leading to heat-related illnesses and deaths, and the spread of vector-borne diseases.

• Agriculture and food security are particularly vulnerable to the effects of the enhanced greenhouse effect.

• Addressing the enhanced greenhouse effect requires a comprehensive approach, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing
energy efficiency, and transitioning to renewable energy sources.

• Adaptation strategies are essential to help communities cope with the impacts of the enhanced greenhouse effect, including building
resilient infrastructure, developing early warning systems, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

• Public awareness and education are critical in mobilizing action and fostering a sense of responsibility towards protecting the planet.

4
 MODULE- 5

(Rising Sea Levels)

Rising Sea Levels: A Global Challenge

• Rising sea levels are a significant impact of global climate change, causing increased frequency and severity of coastal flooding.

• The thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets are key factors contributing to rising sea levels.

• The rising global temperatures due to human activities, particularly greenhouse gas emissions, have accelerated these processes.

• The immediate impact is increased frequency and severity of coastal flooding, particularly in low-lying coastal areas and islands.

• Rising sea levels also accelerate the erosion of coastlines, destroying habitats for various plant and animal species.

• The socio-economic impacts are profound, with coastal cities at risk due to damage to infrastructure and tourism.

• Saltwater intrusion into freshwater systems can contaminate drinking water supplies and irrigation systems, leading to reduced
agricultural yields and increased food insecurity.

• Human health is also at risk due to increased flooding leading to the spread of waterborne diseases and the psychological stress of
displacement and loss of homes.

• Adaptation strategies include the construction of seawalls, levees, and other barriers to hold back the sea.
• Natural solutions like restoring and protecting coastal ecosystems can provide natural barriers against storm surges and erosion,
supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration.

• International cooperation and policy interventions, such as the Paris Agreement, are critical in addressing the challenges posed by rising
sea levels.

• Addressing this challenge requires a multifaceted approach that includes mitigation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to
manage the inevitable changes.

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 MODULE- 7

(Extreme Weather Events)

Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change

• Extreme weather events like hurricanes, heatwaves, floods, droughts, and wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate
change.

• These events pose significant challenges to human societies, economies, and ecosystems.

• The rise in global temperatures is primarily driven by increased concentration of greenhouse gases from human activities such as burning
fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.

Hurricanes and Typhoons

• Characterized by high winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges.

• Cause massive damage, loss of life, displacement of communities, and billions of dollars in economic losses.

• Coastal regions are particularly vulnerable, facing severe flooding, infrastructure damage, and long-term economic disruption.

Heatwaves

• Prolonged periods of excessively hot weather.

• Pose significant health risks, especially for vulnerable populations.

• Can lead to heat exhaustion and heatstroke, exacerbate chronic health conditions like cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Floods

• More frequent and severe, often due to heavy rainfall, storm surges, or rapid snowmelt.

• Devastate communities, destroying homes, infrastructure, and agricultural land.

• Can lead to waterborne diseases as contaminated floodwaters spread pathogens.

• Economic impacts are substantial, with costs associated with damage repair, loss of productivity, and disruption of livelihoods.

Droughts

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• Characterized by prolonged periods of low precipitation.

• Cause severe implications for agriculture, water supply, and ecosystems.

• Can lead to crop failures, food shortages, and increased food prices.

Wildfires

• More frequent and intense, causing loss of life, destruction of property, and significant economic costs.

• Release copious amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere.

Economic Impacts

• Direct damage to infrastructure, homes, and businesses.

• Indirect economic effects include loss of productivity, disruption of supply chains, and increased insurance costs.

• Sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and fisheries are particularly vulnerable.

Human Health

• Long-term health impacts include exacerbated respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, outbreaks of diseases, and mental health issues.

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

• Hurricanes can decimate coastal ecosystems, while floods and droughts can alter freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

• Disruption of ecosystems can have cascading effects on food webs and ecosystem services.

Addressing Extreme Weather Challenges

• Mitigation efforts, adaptation strategies, international cooperation, and financial and technical assistance are crucial.

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 MODULE- 8

(Impact on ecosystem)

Climate Change's Impact on Ecosystems

• Climate change is causing significant changes in ecosystems, affecting biodiversity, species distribution, ecosystem services, and overall
health.

• Species migration towards higher altitudes and latitudes is a key impact, disrupting established ecological relationships and potentially
leading to species decline or local extinction.

• Rising sea temperatures cause coral bleaching, reducing biodiversity in coral reefs, a critical consequence of climate change.

• Increased temperatures and changing precipitation patterns make forests more susceptible to pests, diseases, and wildfires, releasing
stored carbon into the atmosphere.

• Wetland ecosystems, crucial for water filtration and flood control, are at risk due to rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns.

• Warmer temperatures can alter the flow and volume of water bodies, affecting water quality and availability, particularly affecting fish
species.

• Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of excess atmospheric CO2, is altering the chemistry of seawater, affecting marine
organisms, and disrupting marine food webs.

• Rising sea temperatures are affecting the distribution and behaviour of marine species, disrupting existing marine ecosystems and
fisheries.

• Ecosystem services, such as pollination of crops, water purification, carbon sequestration, and provision of food, fibre, and medicine, are
at risk due to climate change, posing significant risks to human well-being.

• Conservation and management strategies are evolving to incorporate climate resilience, including protected areas, wildlife reserves,
ecological corridors, and efforts to restore degraded ecosystems.

• Climate change adaptation strategies include improving water management practices, adopting sustainable agricultural techniques, and
building infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events.

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 MODULE- 9

(Strategies for climate change)

Addressing Climate Change: A Holistic Approach

Mitigation Strategies

• Transition to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power.

• Enhance energy efficiency in buildings, transportation systems, and industrial processes.

• Promote public transportation, cycling, and walking, and the development of electric vehicles (EVs).

Adaptation Strategies

• Develop resilient infrastructure to manage current and inevitable climate changes.

• Develop strategies for agriculture, including crop diversification, improved irrigation techniques, and use of climate-resilient crop
varieties.

• Improve water management to cope with changes in precipitation patterns and increased water scarcity.

Technological Innovation

• Innovations in renewable energy technologies, battery storage technology, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, precision
farming technologies, and biotechnology.

Policy and Regulatory Measures

• Governments must set ambitious emission reduction targets and comprehensive climate action plans.

• International cooperation is crucial, with agreements like the Paris Agreement providing a framework for countries to commit to emission
reduction targets.

Public Engagement and Education

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• Public awareness and engagement are vital for the success of climate strategies.

• Education programs can raise awareness and promote sustainable practices.

• Community-based initiatives can drive local action on climate change.

Corporate Responsibility and Innovation

• Businesses and industries can adopt sustainable practices, reduce their carbon footprint, and invest in clean technologies.

• Corporate social responsibility initiatives can drive significant environmental improvements.

• Innovation in the private sector is essential for developing innovative solutions to climate challenges.

Conclusion

• A comprehensive approach combining mitigation, adaptation, technological innovation, policy reform, and public engagement is required
to effectively combat climate change and build a sustainable future.

MODULE- 10

(Mitigation strategies)

Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change

Transitioning to Renewable Energy

• Transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power.

• Governments can accelerate this transition by implementing policies and incentives supporting renewable energy development.

• Removing subsidies for fossil fuels can level the playing field and make renewables more competitive.

Improving Energy Efficiency

• Use less energy to perform the same task or produce the same amount of goods and services.
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• Modernize buildings, upgrade appliances, and improve industrial processes.

• Promote fuel-efficient vehicles and public transportation.

• Set stringent fuel efficiency standards.

Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry

• Practices such as conservation tillage, crop rotation, and organic farming can reduce emissions and enhance carbon sequestration in soils.

• Protect existing forests and promote reforestation and afforestation projects.

• Prevent deforestation, particularly in tropical regions.

Enhancing Carbon Capture Technologies

• Technological innovations are vital for advancing mitigation strategies, particularly in capturing and storing carbon emissions.

• Research and development in CCS technology are crucial to make it more cost-effective and scalable.

Encouraging Behavioural Changes

• Changes in individual and collective behaviour are required for mitigation efforts.

• Public awareness and education about climate change impacts can drive more sustainable lifestyles.

• Community-based initiatives and grassroots movements can amplify mitigation efforts.

Policy and Regulatory Measures

• Governments must set clear emission reduction targets and develop comprehensive climate action plans.

• Policies such as carbon pricing create financial incentives for reducing emissions.

• Regulations that mandate emission reductions, energy efficiency standards, and renewable energy targets are essential.

International Cooperation and Financing

• Agreements such as the Paris Agreement provide a framework for countries to commit to emission reduction targets.

• Developed countries have a responsibility to provide financial and technical assistance to developing nations.

• Climate finance is critical for supporting mitigation efforts, especially in developing countries.

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 MODULE- 11

(Adaption measures)

Adaptation Measures for Climate Change Impact

• Enhancing Infrastructure: Building and retrofitting infrastructure to withstand climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events
and sea level rise.

• Improving Water Management: Investing in reservoirs, dams, groundwater recharge facilities, and implementing water-saving
technologies.

• Protecting Ecosystems: Establishing protected areas, implementing sustainable land management practices, and reducing human pressures
on ecosystems.

• Promoting Sustainable Agriculture: Developing climate-resilient crop varieties and livestock breeds to help farmers adapt to changing
conditions.

• Strengthening Disaster Preparedness: Improving early warning systems, emergency evacuation plans, and coordination between
government agencies, first responders, and civil society organizations.

• Supporting Vulnerable Communities: Providing financial assistance, technical support, and capacity-building programs to help
communities develop and implement adaptation strategies.

• Investing in Research and Innovation: Funding scientific research on climate impacts, vulnerability assessments, and adaptation
strategies.

• Fostering International Cooperation: Sharing knowledge, resources, and best practices, and mobilizing financial support for adaptation
efforts.

• Conclusion: Prioritizing adaptation efforts alongside mitigation actions to build resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change
impacts.

PROBLEMS FACED during Learning:

 Analyzing case studies.

 Understating some terms on the paragraphs

 Understanding technical terms.

 Access to additional resources.

 Digital Latency issue.

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POSSIBLE REMEDIES:

 Group discussion for better understanding.

 Use of dictionaries.

 Use of better server for better digital latency.

 Library and additional resources.

FUTURE SCOPE:

 Policy and Governance.

 Research opportunities.

 Careers in Environmental Management.

 Policy making roles.

 Education and Research.

Summary:

Climate change is a complex and multifaceted global phenomenon that poses significant challenges to societies, ecosystems, and
economies worldwide. It is primarily driven by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes,
which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trapping heat and leading to global warming. The impacts of climate change are
already being felt across the globe, manifesting in rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, more frequent and severe extreme
weather events, and rising sea levels. These changes are threatening biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems, compromising food and water
security, and increasing the risks of natural disasters.

Mitigation strategies are essential for addressing the root causes of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing
carbon sinks. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry,
enhancing carbon capture technologies, encouraging behavioural changes, implementing robust policies and regulations, and fostering

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international cooperation are crucial components of mitigation efforts. These strategies aim to limit global warming and mitigate its adverse
effects on the environment, human health, and economies.

Adaptation measures are equally critical for helping societies, ecosystems, and economies cope with the impacts of climate change that are
already occurring and those that are inevitable. Enhancing infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events, improving water
management to ensure a reliable water supply, protecting ecosystems to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services, promoting
sustainable agriculture to enhance resilience and food security, strengthening disaster preparedness to minimize risks, supporting vulnerable
communities to build resilience and social equity, investing in research and innovation to develop new solutions, and fostering international
cooperation to share knowledge and resources are essential adaptation strategies. These measures aim to build resilience, reduce
vulnerability, and enhance adaptive capacity to climate change impacts.

Efforts to address climate change require collaboration and cooperation at all levels, from local communities to international organizations.
Governments, businesses, civil society organizations, researchers, and individuals all have a role to play in mitigating emissions, adapting
to impacts, and transitioning to a sustainable and resilient future. By taking urgent and decisive action to address climate change, societies
can mitigate its most severe impacts, protect vulnerable communities and ecosystems, and build a more sustainable and equitable world for
current and future generations. It is essential to prioritize both mitigation and adaptation efforts to effectively address the challenges posed
by climate change and ensure a prosperous and resilient future for all.

Certificate:

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