THC1-Macro Perspective of Touri

This is a property of
PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY STATE
UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality | THC 1

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Chapter 6

The Impact of
Tourism and Hospitality

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality | THC 1

6.1 THE IMPACT OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

The rapid growth of tourism in the twentieth century has produced both problems and
benefits for destination countries. It has had visible impact on the sociocultural and
socioeconomic environment. Although tourism can bring economic advantages to a
destination country, it also brings with it serious long-term problems which, without careful
control and planning, can threaten the society (Z. L. Cruz).

6.2 SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

A. POSITIVE EFFECTS: There are many positive effects such as social change, adaptation
to the realities of modern life and improvement of the host Country’s Lifestyle, Use of foreign
language.

1. SOCIAL CHANGE
The lifestyle of the society is being upgraded / improved to
new useful things.

2. ADAPTATION TO THE REALITIES OF

MODERN LIFE AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE
HOST COUNTRY’S LIFESTYLE

Following result:
a. The quality of life improves in places where tourism is being developed bringing both urban
infrastructure and population benefits together.
b. The changes that occur in occupation and income patterns create a middle class with its different
attitudes, values, and social concerns.
c. Increased social mobility results in new employment opportunities in tourism.
d. Changes in family relations occur through the employment of women outside the home.

3. LANGUAGE EMPOWERMENT
Bring people in contact with those other language groups. The need and the desire to
communicate increase interest in both the host and visitor to learn another language.

B. NEGATIVE EFFECTS: There are many negative effects such as social saturation,
Change in the social structure, behavior and Roles.

1. SOCIAL SATURATION
The presence of large numbers of tourists in particular places at specific times of facilities
and services and competition for limited resources.
The local residents frequently resent having to share their facilities and services with
visitors.

2. CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR AND ROLES

Disruption in the kinship system reduces cohesiveness in the whole community.

6.3 IMPACTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY ON CULTURE

Cultural tourism is one amongst the most important and fastest-growing international tourism
markets. Culture and artistic industries square measure more and more being employed to push
destinations and enhance their aggressiveness and attractiveness. Many locations square measure
currently actively developing their tangible associated intangible

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality | THC 1

cultural assets as a method of developing comparative blessings in more and more competitive
tourism marketplace, and to form native distinctiveness in the face of globalization.

A. POSITIVE EFFECTS: There are many positive effects such as Intercultural

communication, and Renaissance of native culture.

1. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
 Promote changes in local culture while preserving or
revitalizing local ethnic and cultural identity.
 Prime importance if it contributes to the promotion of
understanding between tourists and their hosts.

2.RENAISSANCE OF NATIVE CULTURE

 Important to the host country to remind its people of
its history and culture.
 Traditional art forms have been revived in several
countries.
 Stimulated the preservation of traditional art including
traditional songs and dances.

B. NEGATIVE EFFECTS:

Lead to destruction of a country’s work of art

1
2 Desecration of monuments

3 Imitation is susceptible

Loses its cultural value

4

6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

The quality of the atmosphere, each natural and

synthetic, is crucial to business enterprise. However,
tourism's relationship with the environment is
complex. It involves several activities which will have
adverse environmental effects. Many of those impacts
area unit coupled with the development of general
infrastructure like roads and airports, and of business
enterprise facilities, together with resorts, hotels,
restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The
negative impacts of business enterprise development
will step by step destroy the environmental resources
on that it depends.

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality | THC 1

ENVIRONMENT: Connotes both human and physical characteristics. Speakers and writers often
refer to human environment, physical environment or a combination of both.

A. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY ON ENVIRONMENT:

1. CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION

The local residents benefit from the preservation. For as long as it draws tourist,
will continue to
be a socioeconomic and cultural asset.

Mathieson and Wall ( cited by Landberg, 1995 ) identified four ways in which tourism has been
important to conservation.

1. Stimulating the rehabilitation of

existing historic sites, buildings and
monuments.
2. Stimulating the transformation of old
buildings and locations into new tourist
facilities.
3. Creating the impetus for the
conservation of natural resources.
4. Bringing about the introduction of
administrative and planning controls
necessary to maintain the quality of the
environment to ensure a satisfying and
rewarding experience for the tourists.

2. DEVELOPMENT OF ATTRACTIONS
Improvement and creation of new attractive sites.

3. RESIDENT BENEFITS
Tourism industry gives multiple of incentives to the community wherein the tourist attraction is
located.

BENEFITS TO LOCAL RESIDENTS:

1. The results of conservation and preservation can be enjoyed by the local community as well as
by tourists.
2. The results from tourism development can be seen in coastal areas.

B. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY ON ENVIRONMENT:

There are many negative effects as describe by B. SANTOS & R. MANZANO such as:

1. POLLUTION
Unplanned and mismanaged tourism development could lead to the destruction of natural resources.
The very obvious effect of tourism on environment is pollution.

MAJOR TYPES OF POLLUTION

a. Land pollution
b. Air pollution
c. Water pollution

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality | THC 1

2. CONGESTION
The result of too many tourists in an area at the same time. This is often characterized by long queues,
overcrowding, limited space and traffic snarls. There is congestion if there are long lines in comfort
rooms, difficulty in hotel or lodging accommodations, slow services in crowded restaurants, and
perennial traffic jams.

3. EXPLOITATION & EXHAUSTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Overuse of natural resources and eventually lead to enervation. A form of unethical practices in the
interaction in the interaction with animals.

4. OVERDEVELOPMENT OR UNRETRAINED GROWTH

These problems can accelerate the maturity and decline of any tourist destination. Over development
lead to more problems than benefits among the people.

REFERENCES:
Andrews, Sudhir (2007). Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality Industry International Edition:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited

Cruz, Zenaida L (2013). Principles of Tourism Part II, Revised Edition. Manila: Rex Printing
company,Inc.

Cruz, Zenaida L (2013). Principles of Tourism Part I, Revised Edition. Manila: Rex Printing company.
Inc.

Kumar, Prasanna (2010). Marketing of Hospitality and Tourism Services: McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited

Santos, Buen & Manzano, Ronald G (2010) . Principles of Tourism 2, C & E Publishing, Inc. Santos,

Buen & Manzano, Ronald G (2000). Principles of Tourism 2, C & E Publishing, Inc.

Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality | THC 1