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Bhatia’s Battery of Performance of Intelligence Test

Varshini S

School of Social Sciences /Department of Psychology

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)

PSY 451: Psychological Experiments and Statistics-II

Ms. Diya Mariam

21 March, 2022
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Bhatia’s Battery of Performance of Intelligence Test

Intelligence can be defined as the individual’s ability to learn, recognise problems

and solve them. It also involves how we adapt to the changing environment. The intelligence

of every human being differs across how we use our brain, age and mental capabilities. The

first intelligence test was constructed in 1904 to measure the intelligence of individuals by

psychologist Alfred Binet. He stated that children’s intelligence depends on age and hence

developed the concept of mental age (Santrock, 2018). William Stern used this concept to

measure the intelligence quotient of an individual. The first ever IQ test is Stanford-Binet

scale of intelligence. Over the years the test has been reformed for better results (Cherry,

2022). One of the most used tests following the Bine test in David Weschler’s Adult

Intelligence Scales. Intelligence tests are often correlated with academic and job performance

but these are also influenced by several other factors. Hence, measuring one’s intelligence

solely based on intelligence tests can lead to false expectation and that is why several other

psychologists came up with the concept of multiple intelligence and general intelligence.

Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence states that people have multiple

intelligences and he proposed 8 types of intelligence (Santrock, 2018). Robert Stenberg’s

Triarchic theory of intelligence says that there are three types of intelligence, namely,

analytical, practical and creative. Stenberg observed that all three of these intelligences are

required for successful intelligence (Vinney, 2020). All of these theories show that there are

different approaches to intelligence testing and that there is also another major part of

intelligence that is emotional intelligence.

Bhatia’s battery test of intelligence is a performance teat which was developed in

1956 by C.M Bhatia. This test is formed mainly for the boys who are 11 to 16 year old. One

of the major advantages of this test is that it can be easily performer on illiterate populations,

people with poor language and verbal abilities (Roopesh, 2020). Bhatia’s battery test assumes
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difference between illiterate and literate group and hence they have devised separate norms

for the literate and illiterate group. It consists of 5 tests, Koch's Block Design, Alexander's

Pass-along, Pattern Drawing, Picture Construction and Immediate Memory test. The

performance test also known as a non-verbal test measures the visuo-spatial intelligence,

motor skills, coordination and cognition of the participant. The Koh’s Block Design test

analyses the visuo-spatial and motor coordination of an individual by asking them to replicate

the image on the cards on coloured blocks. The Passalong test measures the intelligence when

subjects move along coloured pieces in a tray to try and replicate the original picture. The

Pattern Drawing test measures the mental coordination spatialisation ability when participants

replicate figures shown on cards. The Immediate Memory test measures the short term

memory of participant. The Picture Construction test measures the cognitive abilities while

the participants arrange random comic strip like pictures in order.

Method

Aim

To assess the intelligence of the subject by administering Bhatia’s Battery of Performance

Test of Intelligence.

Plan

To administer each sub-test according to the instructions, to score the performance and to

convert the raw score into I.Q

Materials

1. Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Test of Intelligence

2. Answer Sheet/Data Sheet

3. Instruction Manual with Norms

4. Stop Clock

5. Writing Materials
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Procedure

Subject details

Name: S Chinmai Nandini

Age: 19

Gender: Female

Education: Undergraduate BA Programme

Setting up and arrangement

The participant is seated comfortably and rapport is established. Before conducting,

the assessment kindly checks the tools that are arranged in the correct sequence. All tests

should follow the same pattern as instructed in the manual. It is ensured that the testing

environment is free from distractions and adequate lighting is provided. After the detailed

instructions and queries, if any, the participant is asked to start the test. Kindly check with the

participant the instructions are clear about the tests.

Process

1. Koh’s Block Design Test

Make the subject sit comfortably and build a rapport. From the ten different designs,

the first card and four cubes are placed before the subject. The subject is given a chance to

touch and examine the cubes. All the cubes are alike, with four sides having single colours –

blue, yellow, red, and white. The fifth side is painted half blue and half yellow and the sixth

side, with half red and half white. Demonstrate how the first design is made. Once the

instructions are clear, jumble the blocks to begin the test. Give the ‘start’ signal to the subject

as you start the stopwatch to monitor the time. Within the allotted two minutes, note down the

total time taken by the subject to complete the task. Continue with the rest of the designs in a

similar way and note down the time for each task.

Design Number: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
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Number of Cubes given: 04 04 04 04 04 09 09 16 16 16

Time Allotted (in minutes): 02 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 03

If the subject fails to complete a particular task, the experimenter demonstrates it. The subject

cannot make another attempt at the failed task but can go to the next task. The test is stopped

once the subject fails twice in succession.

2. Alexander’s Pass along Test

With different patterns of blue and red blocks there are eight cards in this test. The

experimenter demonstrates with the first design. He shows how to bring the blue blocks to the

blue end and red blocks to the red end by sliding them and not lifting any of the block. After

the demonstration, the blue blocks are placed at the red end and red blocks at the blue end.

The subject is given a ‘start’ signal and the stop clock is started simultaneously. A total of 2

minutes is allotted to complete the task; if the subject completes the task within two minutes,

note down the exact time taken to complete the task. Same procedure is followed for each of

the designs. The exact time allotted for each task is given in the below table.

Design Number 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Time Allotted (in minutes) 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 03

If the subject fails in any particular task, demonstrate the correct way of sliding the blocks but

the subject cannot make another attempt. When the subject score records tally to two

consecutive failures, stop the experiment.

3. Pattern Drawing Test

There are eight geometrical patterns of increasing difficulty. The first card is given to

the subject and he is asked to draw the geometrical pattern without lifting the pencil or over-

drawing. After the first design is demonstrated with clear instructions, the ‘start’ signal is

given to the subject to complete the task within two minutes. Similarly the subject expected
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to complete the remaining tasks. The total time allotted for each task is mentioned in the

table.

Pattern Number 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Time Allotted (in minutes) 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 03

Like in the previous tests, if the subject fails, the experimenter demonstrates the solution but

the subject is not allowed to retry. Stop the experiment after two continuous failures.

4. Immediate Memory Test

There are two sub-tests.

a). Direct Order. Here, the experimenter reads units of three digits and the subject is

asked to repeat the digits orally in the same order. The digits range from three to nine with

each span consisting of three units. Stop the test if the subject fails in all the three units of a

span. Consider the successful recall of units by the subject as a score.

b). Reverse Order. The same procedure like in the previous task is followed. But the

subject has to recall the digits in reverse order here. There, the span of digits vary from three

to six with three units in each of them. If the subject fails in all three units of a particular

span, the subtest is stopped.

5. Picture Construction Test

There are five subtests here. Each sub-test has different cut parts of a picture placed in

front of the subject. He has to rearrange to form a complete picture. The first task is

demonstrated by the experimenter. Once the instructions are clear, the subject starts with a

‘start’ signal. The time is checked simultaneously with the help of a stopwatch. The exact

time taken is noted down if the subject completes the task within two minutes. The time for

each subtest is given in the table below.

Pattern Number 01 02 03 04 05

Number of Parts (bits) 02 04 06 08 12

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Time Allotted (in minutes) 02 02 02 03 03

Instructions

Koh’s Block Design Test

“With these given identical blocks, make the same design as shown in the card. Start when I

give you the start signal and work as fast as possible”.

Alexander’s Pass-along Test

“In this box you can notice the blue blocks placed near the red end and red blocks near the

blue end. When I give you the start signal, you have to bring the blue blocks to the blue end

and red blocks to the red end. You have to slide the blocks to complete the task, and cannot

lift any of the blocks. Work as quickly as possible”.

Pattern Drawing Test

“Carefully look at this pattern. You are expected to draw this pattern without lifting the pen

from the paper or retracing. Work quickly. You can make any number of attempts within the

allotted time”.

Immediate Memory Test

Direct. “I will read out a set of three digits. Reproduce it orally in the same order,

immediately. For example, if I say 7-2-5, you have to repeat 7-2-5”.

Reverse. “Again I will read out a set of three digits. Reproduce it orally in the reverse

order. For example, if I say 4-9-7, you have to say 7-9-4”.

Debriefing

Thank you for your participation in this experiment. Your data will be kept confidential

and will only be used for academic purposes. If you have any further queries regarding the

experiment, you can ask.

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Controls/Precautions & Ethical Considerations

● To ensure that the subject has a clear understanding of the instructions.

● The environment is to be kept calm, quiet, and conducive to the experiment.

● The participant is debriefed after the experiment.

Result and Discussion

Table 1

Test 1: Koh’s Block Design Test

Maximum Time taken by

No. of Marks based
Trials Time limit the subject
Blocks on time
(Mins.) (Mins &Secs.)

1 4 2 7s 2

2 4 2 8s 2

3 4 2 15 s 2

4 4 2 24 s 2

5 9 2 14 s 2

6 9 3 2m7s 1

7 9 3 1 m 12 s 2

8 16 3 2 m 25 s 1
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9 16 3 2 m 20 s 1

10 16 3 1 m 36 s 2

Table 2

Test 2: Pass-A-Long test

Design Blocks Maximum Time taken by Marks based

No. Time limit the subject on time

(Mins.) (Mins &Secs.)

1 As per design 2 8s 2

2 As per design 2 7s 2

3 As per design 2 16 s 2

4 As per design 2 20 s 2

5 As per design 3 22 s 3

6 As per design 3 15 s 3

7 As per design 4 1 m 50 s 2

8 As per design 4 - 0
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Table 3

Test 3: Pattern Drawing Test

Maximum Time taken by

Design Marks based
Blocks Time limit the subject
No. on time
(Mins.) (Mins&Secs.)

1 As per design 2 1s 2

2 As per design 2 2s 2

3 As per design 2 5s 2

4 As per design 2 4s 2

5 As per design 2 50 s 3

6 As per design 3 1m 2

7 As per design 3 1 m 20 s 2

8 As per design 3 - 0

Table 4

Test 4: Immediate Memory Test

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Span

For Sounds 8

For Reverse

Sounds
5

Table 5

Test 5: Picture completion Test

Design Parts Maximum Time taken by Marks based

No. Time limit the subject on time

(Mins.) (Mins&Secs.)

1 2 2 2s 2

2 4 2 9s 2

3 6 2 26 s 2

4 8 3 34 s 3

5 12 3 1 m 12 s 2

6: Total score (All five tests)

Tests Raw Score

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1 Table 17

2 16

3 15

4 13

5 11

Total Row score 72

Table 7: IQ Calculation using the table

Subject Raw Score IQ Level

CN 72 123

Discussion

The participant has successfully completed the Kohl’s block test within the allotted

time. The participant exceeded the time or was not able to finish the last design for the Pass-

along and Pattern drawing test. The participant CN’s raw scores add up to 72 which shows

that the participant’s intelligence quotient is 123, putting her in the ‘Superior’ intelligence

category.

Conclusion
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Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Intelligence test measures the intelligence of

individuals by calculating the scores from a series of 5 activities. Thee timings in which the

tests are completed provides the basis for the scoring. The participant’s score is 72 which

places her in the ‘Superior’ category of intelligence.

Introspective report

The experiment was conducted in a lab setting where the instructions and experiments

were clearly explained to the participant. Informed consent was received from the participant.

The experiment was conducted in an environment that didn’t cause external distractions to

the participant. Debriefing was done after the experiment was finished and the participant’s

questions were answered.

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References

Cherry, K. (2022, March 1). verywell mind. Retrieved from Theories of Intelligence in

Psychology: https://www.verywellmind.com/theories-of-intelligence-2795035

Roopesh, B. (2020). Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Tests of Intelligence: A Critical

Appraisal. Indian Journal of Mental Health.

Santrock, J. W. (2018). A Topical Apprroach to Lifespan Development. United States of

America: McGraw-Hill education.

Vinney, C. (2020, January 18). ThoughtCo. Retrieved from Understanding the Triarchic

Theory of Intelligence: https://www.thoughtco.com/triarchic-theory-of-intelligence-

4172497#:~:text=The%20triarchic%20theory%20of%20intelligence%20proposes

%20that%20there%20are%20three,on%20human%20intelligence%20and

%20creativity.