Title: Ecosystems and Biodiversity

1. Question: Define an ecosystem.

Answer: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes)
interacting with each other and their physical environment (soil, water, and air) in a specific
area. These interactions create a system that supports life and allows for the flow of energy and
cycling of nutrients.

2. Question: Explain the concept of biodiversity.

Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or the
entire Earth. It includes species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. High
biodiversity contributes to the resilience and stability of ecosystems.

3. Question: What are the different types of ecosystems?

Answer: The main types of ecosystems include:
- Terrestrial Ecosystems: Found on land (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts, tundra).
- Aquatic Ecosystems: Found in water (e.g., freshwater ecosystems like lakes and rivers,
marine ecosystems like oceans and coral reefs).
- Artificial Ecosystems: Man-made environments (e.g., urban areas, agricultural lands).

4. Question: Why is biodiversity important for ecosystems?

Answer: Biodiversity is important because it enhances ecosystem productivity and stability. A
diverse ecosystem can better withstand environmental stress and disturbances, recover more
quickly from disruptions, and provide a wider range of ecosystem services such as pollination,
nutrient cycling, and water purification.

5. Question: Discuss the threats to biodiversity.

Answer: Major threats to biodiversity include:
- Habitat Destruction: Deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture reduce the natural habitats
of many species.
- Climate Change: Alters the habitats and conditions necessary for the survival of many
species.
- Pollution: Contaminates air, water, and soil, harming organisms and ecosystems.
- Overexploitation: Overfishing, hunting, and harvesting of species faster than they can
replenish.
- Invasive Species: Non-native species that outcompete, prey on, or otherwise harm native
species.