Англійська мова

Розмовні теми

відділення Міжнародного бізнесу

1. Types and forms of international business.

2. Business activities of transnational corporations in Ukraine.
3. Competitive strategies of companies and their typology.
4. Classification of enterprises.
5. Investment activity at enterprise.
6. Company’s economic security.
7. Intellectual property and its forms.
8. Causes and manifestations of fluctuations in economy.
9. Challenges and threats to modem international business. European, American
and Japanese management models: common features and differences.
Challenges and Threats to Modern International Business

While international business offers vast opportunities for growth, it also comes with a unique set of
hurdles. Here's a deeper dive into some of the major challenges:
 Cultural Differences: Beyond misunderstandings in communication, cultural gaps can
extend to negotiation styles, business etiquette, and even perceptions of time. A seemingly
straightforward presentation in one culture might be seen as aggressive in another.
Companies need to be sensitive to these nuances to build trust and rapport with international
partners.
 Language Barriers: While English has become a dominant language in global business,
effective communication often requires more than just fluency. Idioms, slang, and even
body language can cause misunderstandings. Businesses need to invest in proper translation
services and intercultural training to bridge these gaps.
 Global Teams: Managing a geographically dispersed workforce presents logistical
challenges. Time zone differences can disrupt communication and collaboration. Motivating
and leading a team with diverse cultural backgrounds requires strong leadership skills and
fostering a sense of shared purpose.
 Currency Fluctuations: International businesses are constantly exposed to fluctuating
exchange rates. This can significantly impact profit margins and budgeting. Companies need
to develop strategies to hedge against currency risks, such as using financial instruments or
diversifying their operations across different currencies.
  Geopolitical Issues: The global business landscape is constantly shaped by political events.
Political instability in a key market can disrupt supply chains and limit market access. Trade
wars and changes in foreign policy can create uncertainty and hinder business operations.
Companies need to be adaptable and have contingency plans in place to navigate these
geopolitical challenges.
 Legal and Regulatory Environment: The legal and regulatory frameworks for businesses
vary greatly from country to country. Companies need to navigate complex regulations
regarding taxation, labor laws, intellectual property rights, and environmental standards.
Failing to comply can result in hefty fines, operational disruptions, and reputational damage.

European, American and Japanese Management Models: A Deeper Look

While all three models share core principles like professionalism, efficiency, and goal achievement,
their approaches diverge in interesting ways:
 Similarities: All three models emphasize strategic planning, delegation of tasks, and
performance management. There's a focus on building strong leadership and fostering a
professional work environment.
 American Model: This model is known for its individualistic and results-oriented approach.
It values innovation, calculated risk-taking, and decisiveness. American companies often
have flatter hierarchies with a more informal work style. They tend to prioritize short-term
results and shareholder value.
 European Model: European management styles are more collaborative and consensus-
driven. There's a stronger emphasis on employee well-being and work-life balance, likely
due to the influence of labor unions. European companies may have a longer-term focus and
integrate social responsibility into their decision-making.
 Japanese Model: The Japanese model is hierarchical and relationship-based. It places a
high value on loyalty, teamwork, and continuous improvement. Decision-making can be
slower and involve consultation with various stakeholders. This focus on consensus building
can foster a strong sense of ownership and commitment within the company.
Understanding these challenges and the nuances of different management styles is crucial for
navigating the complexities of international business today. By being culturally sensitive, adaptable,
and well-versed in global regulations, companies can thrive in the interconnected world market.

10. International business as an economic category and an institutional and

functional system.
11. Offshore business, its essence and features.
12. Causes, essence (сутність) and consequences of shadowing international
business.
Shadowing in international business refers to economic activity that is intentionally(навмисно)
hidden from official channels. This can encompass a range of practices, from unregistered
businesses and unreported income to illegal smuggling(контрабанда) and money
laundering(відмивання грошей).

Causes of Shadowing

There are several factors that can contribute to shadowing in international business:

 Burdensome regulations (обтяжливі правила): Complex tax laws(складне податкове

законодавство), excessive bureaucracy(надмірна бюрократія), and restrictive licensing
procedures(обмежувальні процедури ліцензування) can leed businesses to operate outside
the formal system.
 Corruption: In countries with high levels of corruption, businesses may resort(вдаватися)
to shadowing to avoid bribes(хабарів) or navigate an unfair legal system.
 Weak enforcement: If law enforcement is lax(правозастосування слабке), businesses may
operate in the shadows without fear.
 Economic instability: During periods of economic hardship(труднощів), businesses may
turn to shadowing to survive, especially if access to credit or formal markets is limited.

Essence of Shadowing

The essence of shadowing is the deliberate concealment(свідоме приховування) of economic

activity. This can take many forms, including:

 Tax evasion(ухилення від сплати податків): Businesses may underreport income or

profits to avoid paying taxes.
 Smuggling(контрабанда): Goods are illegally imported or exported to avoid customs
duties or quotas.
 Money laundering: Illegally obtained funds are funneled through legitimate businesses to
disguise their origin.
 Unregistered businesses: Businesses operate without registering with authorities, making it
difficult to track their activities.

Consequences of Shadowing

Shadowing in international business has a number of negative consequences:

 Lost tax revenue: Governments lose out on tax revenue that could be used to fund public
services and infrastructure.
 Unfair competition: Businesses that operate in the shadows have an unfair advantage over
those that comply with regulations.
 Crime and corruption: Shadowing can create opportunities for organized crime and
corruption to flourish(процвітання).
 Shadow businesses often don't contribute to social security or other programs, leading to a
weaker safety net for workers.

Combating(боротьба) shadowing requires a special approach, including:

 Simplifying regulations: Streamlining regulations and procedures can make it easier for
businesses to operate legally.
 Strengthening enforcement: Increasing the likelihood of detection and punishment can
deter shadowing activity.
  Promoting transparency: Measures to increase transparency in government and business
can reduce opportunities for corruption.
 Economic development: Fostering economic growth and providing better opportunities for
legitimate businesses can reduce the incentive to operate in the shadows.

By addressing the root causes of shadowing and implementing effective counter-measures,

countries can create a more level playing field for international business and ensure a healthier
economic environment.