CONTEMPORARY INDIA AND EDUCATION
Thomas Macaulay’s Minute of 1835
(थॉमस मैकाले का वििरण पत्र 1835)
• 1835 का थॉमस मैकॉले का
वििरण पत्र (Thomas
Macaulay’s Minute) ब्रिब्रिश
इब्रिहासकार और राजनीब्रिज्ञ
थॉमस मैकाले द्वारा ब्रलखिि एक
दस्तावेज था, ब्रजसने भारि में
ब्रशक्षा के भब्रवष्य के ब्रलए अपना
दृब्रिकोण रिा। मैकाले ब्रिब्रिश
ईस्ट इं ब्रिया कंपनी की पररषद के
सदस्य थे और उन्हें भारि में
ब्रशक्षा प्रणाली की मरम्मि का
काम स प ं ा गया था।
• अपने ब्रमनि में, मैकाले ने भारि
में अंग्रेजी भाषा की ब्रशक्षा की
शुरुआि के ब्रलए िकक ब्रदया,
क्ोंब्रक उनका मानना था ब्रक
भारिीयों का एक वगक बनाने का
यही एकमात्र िरीका है जो “रक्त
और रं ग में भारतीय, लेवकन
स्वाद में, विचार ं में, नैवतकता
में, और बुद्धि में
अंग्रेज।” (Indian in blood
and color, but English in
taste, in opinions, in
Thomas Macaulay's Minute of
1835
• Thomas Macaulay's
Minute of 1835 was a
document written by the
British historian and
politician Thomas Macaulay,
which laid out his vision for
the future of education in
India. Macaulay was a
member of the council of
the British East India
Company and was tasked
with overhauling the
education system in India.
• In his Minutes, Macaulay
argued for the introduction
of English language
education in India, as he
believed this was the only
way to create a class of
Indians who would
be "Indian in blood and
colour, but in taste, in
thoughts, in morals."
English in mind, and
 morals, and in
intellect) उनका मानना था ब्रक
अंग्रेजी भाषा की ब्रशक्षा भारिीयों
का एक वगक बनाने में मदद करे गी
जो ब्रिब्रिश और भारिीय आबादी
के बीच मध्यस्थ के रूप में कायक
करे गा और दे श के प्रशासन में
मदद करे गा।
• ब्रववरण पत्र ने भारि में एक बडा
ब्रववाद पैदा कर ब्रदया, क्ोंब्रक
कई भारिीय बुखिजीब्रवयों और
सुधारकों का मानना था ब्रक यह
ब्रििे न द्वारा भारि के सांस्कृब्रिक
और ब खिक वचकस्व को बढावा
दे गा। आल चना के बािजूद,
वमनट लागू वकया गया था, और
अंग्रेजी भाषा की ब्रशक्षा भारि में
ब्रशक्षा का प्रमुि रूप बन गई,
ब्रजससे अंग्रेजी ब्रशब्रक्षि भारिीयों
के एक वगक का ब्रनमाकण हुआ,
ब्रजन्होंने भारिीय स्विंत्रिा
आं दोलन में एक प्रमुि भूब्रमका
ब्रनभाई।
English in
intelligence.” (Indian in
blood and color, but
English in taste, in
opinions, in morals, and in
intellect) He believed that
English language education
would help create a class of
Indians who would act as
intermediaries between the
British and Indian
populations. Will do and
help in the administration of
the country.
• The prospectus created a
major controversy in India,
as many Indian intellectuals
and reformers believed that
it would lead to cultural and
intellectual domination of
India by Britain. Despite
criticism, the minute was
implemented, and English
language education became
the dominant form of
education in India, creating
a class of English educated
Indians who played a major
role in the Indian
independence movement.
 Macaulay's Minute
(Macaulay's prospectus)
1. The Governor General of
that time, William Bentinck,
impressed by his abilities,
appointed him the
chairman of the Public
Education Committee of
Bengal and gave him the
task of ending the Oriental-
Anglicist Dispute.
(The Governor General of
that time, William Bentinck,
was impressed by his
abilities and appointed him
the Chairman of the Public
Education Committee of
Bengal and entrusted him
with the task of ending the
East-West dispute.)
2. Bentinck requested
Macaulay to give legal
advice in respect of the
method of spending the
amount of 1,00,000 and
other disputed matters as
written in the 43rd section
of the order of 1813
. Requested to give legal
advice regarding the
method of spending the
Macaulay’s Minute
(मैकॉले का ब्रववरण-पत्र)
1. The Governor General of
that time, William Bentinck,
impressed by his abilities,
appointed him the
chairman of the Public
Education Committee of
Bengal and gave him the
task of ending the
Oriental-Anglicist Dispute.
(उस समय के गवनकर जनरल
ब्रवब्रलयम बैखिक ने उसकी
योग्यिाओं से प्रभाब्रवि होकर
उसे बंगाल की लोक ब्रशक्षा
सब्रमब्रि का सभापब्रि ब्रनयुक्त
ब्रकया और उसे प्राच्य-पाश्चात्य
ब्रववाद को समाप्त करने का
कायक स प ं ा।)
2. Bentinck requested
Macaulay to give legal
advice in respect of the
method of spending the
amount of 1,00,000 and
other disputed matters as
written in the 43rd section
of the order of 1813.
(बैंब्रिक ने मैकाले से 1813 के
आज्ञा पत्र की 43वीं धारा में
ब्रलखिि 1,00,000 की राब्रश को
व्यय करने की ब्रवब्रध और अन्य
 amount of Rs. 1,00,000 and
other disputed matters.)
3. For legal advice on this
problem, on February 2,
1835, Macaulay presented
his Minute.
(For legal advice on this
problem, Macaulay
presented his detailed
report on February 2, 1835.)
4. In this minute, he
recommended making
English the medium of
instruction while supporting
Western education.
(In the same document, he
supported Western
education and
recommended making
English the medium of
instruction.)
5. He said that we need a
group of people who are
Indian by blood and colour,
but English in taste,
thoughts, morals and
intellect.
(He said that we need a
group of people who will be
Indian in blood and colour,
but English in taste,
ब्रववाद ग्रस्त ब्रवषयों के संबंध में
कानूनी सलाह दे ने का अनुरोध
ब्रकया ।)
3. For legal advice on this
problem, on February 2,
1835, Macaulay presented
his Minute.
(इसी समस्या के कानूनी सलाह
के ब्रलए 2 फरवरी, 1835 को
मैकॉले ने अपना ब्रवस्तृि ब्रववरण-
पत्र प्रस्तुि ब्रकया ।)
4. In this minute, he
recommended making
English the medium of
instruction while
supporting Western
education.
(इसी ब्रववरण-पत्र में उसने
पब्रश्चमी ब्रशक्षा का समथकन करिे
हुए अंग्रेजी को ब्रशक्षा का माध्यम
बनाने की ब्रसफाररश की ।)
5. He said that we need a
group of people who are
Indian by blood and colour,
but English in taste,
thoughts, morals and
intellect.
(उसने कहा ब्रक हमें ऐसे लोगों
का एक समूह चाब्रहए जो रक्त
और रं ग से भारिीय हों, लेब्रकन
स्वाद, ब्रवचार, नैब्रिकिा और
बुखि में अंग्रेज हों ।)
 thought, morals and
intelligence.)
6. The fulfillment of this
objective can be possible
only through western
education.
(Achievement of this
objective is possible only
through western education.)
7. This statement of Macaulay
is popularly known as
'Macaulay Minute'.
(This document of Macaulay
is famous by the name of
'Macaulay Minute'.)
8. It is considered a very
important article in the
history of Indian education.
(This is considered a very
important article in the
history of Indian education.)
9. English education system
started in India only after
this incident.
(The English education
system started in India only
after this incident.)
6. The fulfillment of this
objective can be possible
only through western
education.
(इस उद्दे श्य की पूब्रिक पाश्चात्य
ब्रशक्षा से ही संभव है ।)
7. This statement of Macaulay
is popularly known as
‘Macaulay Minute’.
(मैकॉले का यह ब्रववरण पत्र
‘मैकॉले ब्रमनि’ के नाम से प्रब्रसि
है ।)
8. It is considered a very
important article in the
history of Indian education.
(यह भारिीय ब्रशक्षा के इब्रिहास
में एक अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूणक लेि
माना जािा है ।)
9. English education system
started in India only after
this incident.
(इस घिना के पश्चाि् ही भारि में
अंग्रेजी ब्रशक्षा प्रणाली का प्रारं भ
हुआ ।)
Main Features of Macaulay’s Minute
(मैकॉले के ब्रववरण- पत्र की मुख्य बािें)
1. Macaulay’s minute with
reference to the Charter
1813, explains the 43rd
section as follows:
Main Features of Macaulay's
Minute
1. Macaulay's minute with
reference to the Charter
1813, explains the 43rd
section as follows
: the education of the Indian
2. On what basis the East India
Company will spend the
amount of one lakh for the
education of the Indian
people, it is up to his will.
(On what basis the East
India Company will spend
the amount of one lakh for
the education of Indian
people, it depends on its
discretion.)
3. The 'literature' mentioned
in the Charter of 1813 does
not mean only Arabic or
Sanskrit, 'English' literature
can also be included in it.
('Literature' mentioned in
the decree of 1813 does not
mean only Arabic or
Sanskrit, 'English' literature
can also be included in it.)
4. The term 'Indian scholar'
means a person who has a
high knowledge of English
literature and philosophy
(चािक र 1813 के सन्दभक में
मैकाले का ब्रववरण-पत्र, 43वें
िंि की व्याख्या इस प्रकार
करिा है )
2. On what basis the East
India Company will spend
the amount of one lakh for
people, it is up to his will.
(ईस्ट इखिया कम्पनी भारिीय
लोगों की ब्रशक्षा के ब्रलए एक
लाि की धनराब्रश को ब्रकस
आधार पर व्यय करे गी, यह
उसकी स्वेच्छा पर ब्रनभकर है ।)
3. The ‘literature’ mentioned
in the Charter of 1813 does
not mean only Arabic or
Sanskrit, ‘English’ literature
can also be included in it.
(1813 के आज्ञा-पत्र में वब्रणकि
‘साब्रहत्य’ का िात्पयक केवल अरबी
अथवा संस्कृि से नहीं है , उसमें
‘अंग्रेजी’ साब्रहत्य को भी
सखम्मब्रलि ब्रकया जा सकिा है ।)
4. The term ‘Indian scholar’
means a person who has a
high knowledge of English
literature and philosophy
and not of Indian and
Arabic literature and
philosophy.
(भारिीय ब्रवद्वान’ शब्द का अथक
and not of Indian and ऐसे व्यखक्त से है ब्रजसे अंग्रेजी
Arabic literature and साब्रहत्य और दशकन का उच्च ज्ञान
philosophy. हो न की भारिीय और अरबी
(The term 'Indian scholar' साब्रहत्य और दशकन का ।)
means a person who has
high knowledge of English
literature and philosophy
and not of Indian and
Arabic literature and
philosophy.)