中文 一 Pinyin Phung Laoshi

UV Pinyin Chart (For listen the pronunciation) :http://www.uvm.edu/~chinese/pinyin.htm

Initials & Simple Finals (p.2-6)
Initials 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12* 13* 14* 15* 16* 17* 18* 19* 20* 21* 22
b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x w/o initials
bay pay may fair day take nay lay gay kay hay reads hats say junk church shirt leisure jeep cheer she

Finals ê bo po mo fo de te ne le ge ke he zi ci si zhi chi shi ri ji qi xi

1 a ba pa ma fa da ta na la ga ka ha za ca sa zha cha sha a Father

2 o bo po mo fo o Saw

3* e me de te ne le ge ke he ze ce se zhe che she re e Her

4 ai bai pai mai dai tai nai lai gai kai hai zai cai sai zhai chai shai ai Eye

5 ei bei pei mei fei dei tei nei lei gei kei hei zei zhei shei ei Eight

6 ao bao pao mao dao tao nao lao gao kao hao zao cao sao zhao chao shao rao ao Now

7 ou pou mou fou dou tou nou lou gou kou hou zou cou sou zhou chou shou rou ou Oh

8 an ban pan man fan dan tan nan lan gan kan han zan can san zhan chan shan ran an Can

9 en ben pen men fen den nen gen ken hen zen cen sen zhen chen shen ren en

10* ang bang pang mang fang dang tang nang lang gang kang hang zang cang sang zhang chang shang rang ang

11* eng beng peng meng feng deng teng neng leng geng keng heng zeng ceng seng zheng cheng sheng reng eng Sung

12 ong dong tong nong long gong kong hong zong cong song zhong chong rong ong
er
13 er Are

Useful Phrases:
nĭ hăo nĭ hăo ma wŏ hěn hăo bà ba mā ma wŏ ài nĭ lăo shī hăo shàng kè le
你好 你好 嗎 我 很 好 爸爸 媽媽 我 愛你 老師好 上 課了
Tones: (p.9-12)

1st tone 2nd tone 3rd tone 4th tone 5th tone (Neutral tone)
⼀聲 （yi1 sheng1） ⼆聲 (er4 sheng1) 三聲 (san1 sheng1) 四聲 (si4 sheng1) 聲(qing1sheng1）

5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Tone Sandhi:
• Tone marks: a – o – e – i – u – ü (except ui, ui are on i)

Semi- Final: yi (p.7-9)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
initials
b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x w/o initials
14 i bi pi mi di ti ni li zi ci si zhi chi shi ri ji qi xi yi
15 ia dia lia jia qia xia ya
16 ie bie pie mie die tie nie lie jie qie xie ye
17 iao biao piao miao diao tiao niao liao jiao qiao xiao yao
18 iu miu diu niu liu jiu qiu xiu you
19 ian bian pian mian dian tian nian lian jian qian xian yan
20 iang niang liang jiang qiang xiang yang
21 in bin pin min nin lin jin qin xin yin
22 ing bing ping ming ding ting ning ling jing qing xing ying
23 iong jiong qiong xiong yong

Numbers: (p. 17)

líng yĪ èr sān sì wù liù qī bā jiŭ shí

O 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十
Semi- Final: wu (p.7-9)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
initials
b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x w/o initials

24 u bu pu mu fu du tu nu lu gu ku hu zu cu su zhu chu shu ru wu

25 ua gua kua hua zhua chua shua rua wa
26 uo duo tuo nuo luo guo kuo huo zuo cuo suo zhuo chuo shuo ruo wo
27 uai guai kuai huai zhuai chuai shuai wai
28 ui dui tui gui kui hui zui cui sui zhui chui shui rui wei
29 uan duan tuan nuan luan guan kuan huan zuan cuan suan zhuan chuan shuan ruan wan
30 uang guang kuang huang zhuang chuang shuang ruang wang
31 un dun tun nun lun gun kun hun zun cun sun zhun chun shun run wen
32 ueng weng

Semi- Final: yu (p.7-9)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
initials
b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x w/o initials
33 ü nü lü ju qu xu yu

34 üe nue lue jue que xue yue

35 üan juan quan xuan yuan

36 ün jun qun xun yun

Useful Phrases:

xiān sheng xiǎo jiě míng zi xué shēng měi guó rén zhōng guó xià kè le

先 ⽣ 小 姐 名 字 學 ⽣ 美 國 ⼈ 中 國 下 課 了
General guidelines （stroke order） (p.13-17)

1. Write from top to bottom, and left to right. 三, 川 5. Middle before two sides

As a general rule, strokes are written from top to bottom and left to In vertically symmetrical characters, the center components are written
right. before components on the left or right.

2. Horizontal before vertical 十 6. From outside to inside 月

When horizontal and vertical strokes cross, horizontal strokes are Outside enclosing components are written before inside components;
usually written before vertical strokes. bottom strokes in the enclosure are written last if present.

3. Character-spanning strokes last 7. Inside before closing 口; 還

Vertical strokes that pass through many other strokes are written after Left vertical strokes are written before enclosing strokes. In the
the strokes through which they pass. following two examples, the leftmost vertical stroke (|) is written first,
followed by the uppermost and rightmost lines (┐) (which are written
4. Diagonals right-to-left before diagonals left-to-right as one stroke): 日 and 口.

Right-to-left diagonals (丿) are written before left-to-right diagonals 8. Dots and minor strokes last
(乀).
Minor strokes are usually written last, as the small "dot".
Note that this is for symmetric diagonals; for asymmetric diagonals, as
in 戈, the left-to-right may precede the right-to-left, based on other
rules.

The Formation of Chinese Characters (P.11-12) & Basic Chinese Radicals (p.12-14)

1. Pictographs 2. Self-explanatory 3. Associative compounds 4. Pictophonetic (radical/meaning + sound)

人, 山, 日, 月, 木 上, 下 明; 休 馬，媽，螞，罵，瑪，碼

5‧Mutually explanatory 6. Phonetic 青，情，請，清，晴，蜻

老，考 來，我