Verb 0 Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 Verb 4

----- Eat Ate Eaten Eating

No verb Base form Past form Past participle Present participle

Subject Verb Object

The boy Ate The apple
doer receiver
The apple Was eaten By the boy
receive By doer

Teach  teacher
Do  doer

The apple: receiver

Da Vinci painted Mona Lisa.
Mona Lisa was painted by Da Vinci.

Helping verb Verb type example

Do, does, did, V1 He doesn’t eat chicken.
don’t, doesn’t, Did you eat anything?
didn’t Do you eat chocolate?
Modals: V1 He can’t eat chicken.
Can-can’t Can you eat 10 apples in 10 minutes?
Could-couldn’t He will eat his dinner.
Shall-shall not
Should – shouldn’t
Will-won’t
Would-wouldn’t
May – may not
Might – might not
Must – must not
Semi-modals: V1 He ought to eat his breakfast.
Ought to They had better eat before I come home.
Had better
Be supposed to
Have-haven’t V3 He has eaten dinner.
Has-hasn’t Have you eaten?
Had-hadn’t I had eaten before I came to class.

Be:
Is-are-am-was-
were-been-being-
will be:

Linking sentences: V0 He is a student

Action sentences:
- Active V4 He is eating now.
- passive V3 The apple was eaten by the boy.
Simple present: is/are/am
Active: Sam teaches English
Passive: English is taught by Sam
Simple past: was/were
Active: Sam taught English
Passive: English was taught by Sam
Present continuous: is, are, am being
Active: Sam is teaching English
Passive: English is being taught by Sam
Past continuous: was, were being
Active: Sam was teaching English
Passive: English was being taught by Sam
Present perfect: have, has been
Active: Sam has taught English
Passive: English has been taught by Sam
Past perfect: had been
Active: Sam had taught English
Passive: English had been taught by Sam
Present perf. Cont: have, has been being
Active: Sam has been teaching English
Passive: English has been being taught by Sam
Past perf Cont: had been being
Active: Sam had been teaching English
Passive: English had been being taught by Sam
Future perfect: will have been
Active: By 2030, Sam will have taught English for 10 years.
Passive: English will have been taught by Sam
Future perfect Cont: will have been being
Active: By 2030, Sam will have been teaching English for 10 years.
Passive: English will have been being taught by Sam
Will: will be
Active: Sam will teach English
Passive: English will be taught by Sam
Be Going To: is, are, am going to be
Active: Sam is going to teach English
Passive: English is going to be taught by Sam

Perfect + Continuous, Don’t make it passive