Class1: Indefinite Integral, four rules and basic forms Defi If F'(x)=f(x) then F(x) is called an antiderivative or an indefinite integral of f(x) ion: In other words, if the derivative of F(x) is f(x) then an antiderivative or an indefinite integral of f(x) is F(x) Notation: | f(x)dx Example: 2 2 d (x8 2 1. Jxtdx == + because 2 (= + c} x 2. fsec?xdx =tanx+C because # (tan x + C) = sec? x To find an indefinite integral: 1. Need some basic forms 2. Need the rules Use rules as many times as you need to get the basic form(s). Then use the known result(s)(basic form) ‘Some basic forms: JearsEGte OD fctedetmete frecmnse — facrac conve Jowagiyte foxeracmnse [otractenGe |[esst=nemeta = [[omsée inesRules: [ereoee=ef eax [re toene= [seers f oar Jircoocoar =r [ coax f (ref wc) ax Jireeps'coter = [ ioe = Hoe Exls \3 seco de =3 Soete da = 3 tann ~ 2s \e* £5) dx = Ses dx ~ Fes ads Boy sme + C ‘ — nl- Qe z + = — at e ‘Constant multiple rule ‘Sum rule Product rule Substitution rule Comer ruShgle rs) ne eng Gam ve) (constant mubhele viele)> S\nkd + 4s) 4+ 2 (basic forms Recall ¢ fe g@) de -FOlse) nf {Frefaud)s For KREOS KAx, we take fO=% and Fw=cux EX4% bx eon de = a cox ds {Sifon ga =ESMx-— (2 sme ds. = & Sina - (sma de = ese ~ (8) +e = eK sine + CS R+ C_ / 1 / 1 (Hane coe) = (x2) = (e828) + (©) = el sinn y (Sina Gsina)+0 = 1 SL + heme ~ Sy = KSI Exs: (de let us x du=3e® > (cose) “wa. = (cous) du al GES Checks u snu +O on + ae (COL " [ let wextlet weet og (Fer du =s@ 7 7 = dx 1 Te dx oF fe + Tt de du = ak Ex?: x x, at (eSe GD an Leh We Baan s (sec(rant) Exdbe atu = 3@Pro%) 2g dx = (: ec (w) x du 2 Or ok dar 9s) dx = 3 Geeu du 5 dw =(erde 2 § tamu) +c - 3 fan (e492) + C exs (1) gy = Vi Le} ue Me = (sin 2 dy Jus ag adusld; (sn 2 do | oo age dust dy 22 faint) da 7 2 Fest ce 2 205 (0) 4 wT SM) FC or sm @ ec OL Why de ve ak ~e wk He end Arse / (ton) = secx (Fons ¥ =(4onr)!/s a = seCK40 csecx(tan 145) = (haar)! ef = eens sted Gores 8) = (on BJ = seer 0 = sedx (om + 3 = Ssetudy stores c ou [sseex= STON me C OY Sore ¢) Shor) - Stana+EO = Brome C) beh Stance and Sanaa) ave ombdervahves of 3:0 & sa ax whet oo Hoe Just A Notoharn of onbderehve aly fle dee soy 1 be cause_ (a) AS Ge hak te product vle 7 { [Fe 9 eh x= fool ge d [Fefoorys Q@ whor is suloshbukon vule 7 £ (mx) = CORK | Jcos ady so sme) Cos RHR Ss SME Fr rx) = cox a (Sin W) = cos { cosu Que sinw Se Gin = fees ay nie) = cos (x) 5 cos@®) de = sine) cl aa a Gre) = cos(.@s) G@imw = cosu ge sg da by AQ) veplace, We con “oo w= 9g) F® =f) Go ay) - [2 8 x Y= ty x =y (x4e = [yee wae = dy $2 dx = des) 1@) > Gu d(#) = 4Qs \sre@) dx / ? Basic forms Jtonx & “> \w (seca). c Z = Gece ~~ oO * ea EssD = 1 secrtona a tama f Ga + aaron Cre cd's oe Cesels uso Qeays (x dee\nx if aro Case2% \E nao Ome)’ = £5 GC kda- ew ib x<0 S iQ Que \E Azo a a= Lees sF ~<0 = la &)\a: (xe by Cem we vse produch wale? Gs feo= =, Bo = a Ths Fen se (*3,- Jee de = xfer a, fer’ rg: & = aJA« © mw WN Subshtulion swe are) = 2S URST We g3! Gale dd 3. Teyt &, 9) Subshhaion zule_ ser) = ee (end! = SO ca. fer caxde = oh Ser dee ox \err Resa = emnx 4 dy= 29 Carn >eyo NH yo kee ce > Getde ec? act | (ses cog Sens = Gas dx SP Sind eh ® [SGD = 55 a) CH aay com ISD = OD) Bae sus dy condy L. A Sr8D= Base dy =G@PsOa walets | Fae ae _ . Serveduc oy Weyl tar Tee AGB”) = Groby = cous fnches fom con a = Get dems Sete yO Wey 22 Let We sinx de = deme = Gimey Dy. core Six Cos ee = et ee J Soe sen x sine