DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

(Beams Reinforced for

Compression)

Presented by:
Engr. CS Mantawil
Uses of compression reinforcement
●
limited size to specific dimension thus
●
deflection control
●
increases ductility of the beam
●
holds stirrups
●
allowance for stress reversal
Strain and stress condition at nominal flexural strength for doubly reinforced beam
Rectangular beam with
compression reinforcement

Source: Structural Concrete

Theory & Design by: Hassoun
and Manaseer, 6th Ed.
strain diagram in doubly reinforced beam

ϵ ' s =0.003 ( c−d '

c ) and from Hook’s Law,

f ' s=E s ϵ s =200,000 (0.003) ( c )

c−d '
=600 (
c−d '
c )
 Cases
●
Compression steel yields
●
Compression steel does not yield
Note that ACI requires that tension steel must yield
Case 1: Compression steel yields (fs’ = fy)
●
Compression steel yields when
fy a
ϵ ' s≥ϵ y= Mn1=( As− A ' s )fy (d− )
Es 2
with T 1=C c
As1 fy=0.85 f ' c ab Mn2= A ' s fy (d−d ')
As1 fy since compression steel
a=
0.85 f ' c b yields,

if both T and C-steel f = 0.90

if C-steel in transition
region i.e. f < 0.90
since then
more accurately,

600
a= β 1 c= β 1 ( )d ' ρ 1− ρ ' > ρ max
(600− fy)

ρ − ρ ' ≥0.85 β 1 ( )( )(
f 'c
fy
d'
d
600
600− fy)=K (compression steel to yield)
IF
C-steel in transition region,
ρ 1− ρ ' > ρ max with a limit of ρ − ρ ' ≤ ρ max
but T steel must always yield
Note that ϵ ' s =0.003 ( c−d '
c )
 Case 2. Compression steel does not yield (f’s <fy)

ρ − ρ ' < 0.85 β 1 ( )( )(

f 'c
fy
d'
d
600
)
600− fy
=K

Again, the equilibrium equation:

T = A s f y =C c +C s
C c =0.85 f ' c β 1 cb

[ ( )
c−d '
C s = A ' s ( f ' s −0.85 f ' c )= A ' s 600
c
−0.85 f ' c
]
[ ( )
A s f y =(0.85 f ' c β 1 cb)+ A ' s 600
c−d '
c
−0.85 f ' c
] rearranging, the terms gives

(0.85 f ' c β 1 b)c + [(600 A' s )−(0.85 f ' c A ' s )− A s f

2
y ] c−600 A ' s d ' =0
The equation leads to a quadratic equation with c to be determined.
after c is determined, we can now compute for a, f‘s, Cc and Cs
 The equation can be resolved in quadratic form such that it is
similar to : A1 c 2 + A2 c + A3=0
A1=0.85 f ' c β 1 b
A2= A' s (600−0.85 f ' c)− A s f y
A3 =−600 A' s d '
1
Solve for c by: c=
2 A1
[− A2 ± √ A2 −4 A1 A3 ]
2

Once c is determined, f’s, a, Cc and Cs can now be calculated.

f ' s =600( c−d '

c ) a= β 1 c
C c =0.85 f ' c ab
C s = A' s( fs ' −0.85 f ' c) The term A’s (0.85f’c) can be ignored.
 Alternately, some authors ignore the term A’s (0.85f’c):
Giving the revised equilibrium equation to be:

[ ( )]
A s f y =(0.85 f ' c β 1 cb)+ A ' s 600
c−d '
c
Results to quadratic equation to solve for c

then a= β 1 c
in terms of compression forces Cc and Cs,

a
M n = A s 1 f y (d − )+ A' s f ' s (d −d ' ) or
2
a
M n =0.85 f ' c ab(d − )+ A' s f ' s (d −d ' )
2
Note: The last two equations would not exactly be the same due to rounding off numbers.
 Sample problems
1. Compute the practical moment (design
moment capacity) for a beam having a cross-
section as shown in the figure. Use f’c = 21
MPa and fy = 415 MPa
2. Determine the design moment strength for a
beam having a cross section as shown in the
figure. Use f’c = 34.5 MPa and fy = 415 MPa
 Ex 3.
A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of d = 570
mm to the centroid of tension steel bars. Tension reinforcement consists of six –
#29M dia steel bars.in two rows, compression reinforcement consists of two -
#22M bars placed as shown in the figure. Calculate the design moment strength
of the beam if f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 414 MPa. Part of
solution:
A’s = 2 (387) =774 mm2
As = 6 (645) = 3870 mm2
As 3870
ρ= = =0.02263
bd (300 x 570)
A' s 774
ρ '= = =0.00453
bd (300 x 570)
ρ − ρ ' =0.01810 A s −A ' s =3096 mm2

for f'c = 28 MPa β 1 =0.85

 Ex 4.
Determine the design moment strength of the beam section shown using f’c =
34.5 MPa and fy = 414 MPa.
Part of solution:

A’s = 3 (510) =1530 mm2

As = 6 (819) = 4914 mm2
As 4914
ρ= = =0.02463
bd (350 x 570)
A' s 1530
ρ '= = =0.00767
bd (350 x 570)
ρ − ρ ' =0.01696
A s −A ' s =3384 mm2
for f'c = 34.5 MPa β 1 =0.80
 DESIGN OF DOUBLY
REINFORCED BEAMS
●
When Mu > fMn and the section size is to be
maintained, a doubly reinforced section is an
option.
●
Design may be based on the rmax which is a certain
percentage of rb
●
Let Mu1 = fMn when it is a singly reinforced section
and so with As1
 Problem:
●
A beam section is limited to a width b = 250
mm, and a total depth h = 560 mm and has to
resist a factored moment of 307 kN-m.
Calculate the required reinforcement. Given : f’c
= 21 MPa and fy = 350 MPa.