Department of Electronic Engineering Faculty of

Engineering and Technology

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Digital System Design

Complex Engineering Problem (Report)
Design a vending machine for a supermarket with cash
receipt and return of remaining amounts after dispensing
the desired products. Implement on Xilinx FPGA.
Course Instructor:
Dr. Abid Munir
Date:
27st May 2024
Submitted by:
Khabab Akhtar (1001)
Mustabshira Younas (1012)
Noor ul Islam (1007)
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Table of Contents
Abstract................................................................................................................................................................3
Objective..............................................................................................................................................................3
Equipment Used..................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................4
Methodology........................................................................................................................................................4
1. System Design..............................................................................................................................................4
3. Hardware Description Language (HDL) Implementation............................................................................5
4. FPGA Implementation..................................................................................................................................5
5. Testing...........................................................................................................................................................5
Results and Discussion........................................................................................................................................5
1. Simulation Results........................................................................................................................................5
2. FPGA Implementation..................................................................................................................................5
3. Performance Analysis...................................................................................................................................6
4. Challenges and Solutions..............................................................................................................................6
Result And Discussion........................................................................................................................................7
Verilog Module Code:......................................................................................................................................7
Verilog Test Bench Code:...............................................................................................................................11
Waveform:......................................................................................................................................................13
Implementation On FPGA BOARD:..............................................................................................................14
Conclusion:........................................................................................................................................................15

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 Abstract
This lab report details the design and implementation of a vending machine for
a supermarket, capable of accepting cash, dispensing products, and returning
the remaining amount. The vending machine is implemented on a Xilinx
FPGA, utilizing hardware description language (HDL) for design. The system
ensures accurate cash handling, product dispensing, and change return. This
project showcases the practical application of digital logic design and FPGA
programming in real-world scenarios.

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Objective
The primary objective of this lab is to design a functional vending machine capable of:

 Accepting cash inputs.

 Dispensing desired products.
 Calculating and returning the remaining amount.
 Implementing the design on a Xilinx FPGA

Equipment Used
 Xilinx FPGA development board (e.g., Xilinx Spartan)
 Xilinx ISE Design Suite
 VHDL/Verilog for hardware description

Introduction
Vending machines have become an integral part of modern retail environments,
providing a convenient and automated way for customers to purchase products
without the need for human interaction. These machines can be found in a variety of
settings, from supermarkets and shopping malls to offices and public transportation
hubs. The fundamental operation of a vending machine involves accepting payments,
dispensing selected products, and returning any excess amount to the customer. The
automation of these processes requires careful consideration of both hardware and
software components to ensure reliability, accuracy, and user satisfaction.

In this project, we aim to design and implement a vending machine for a supermarket
that not only accepts cash payments but also provides a receipt of the transaction and
returns any remaining amount to the customer. The vending machine will be
implemented on a Xilinx FPGA, leveraging the advantages of FPGA technology such
as reconfigurability, parallel processing, and high-speed operation.

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Methodology
1. System Design
The vending machine system is designed to perform the following operations:

 Accept multiple denominations of cash.

 Allow product selection.
 Verify the inserted amount.
 Dispense the selected product.
 Return the remaining amount.

2 . State Machine

The system's functionality is controlled using a finite state machine (FSM). The FSM
transitions between states based on inputs such as cash insertion, product selection,
and completion of transactions. Key states include Idle, Waiting for Cash, Dispensing
Product, and Returning Change.

3. Hardware Description Language (HDL) Implementation

The system is implemented using VHDL/Verilog. The HDL code is written to define
the behavior of the FSM and the interfacing components (switches for inputs and
LEDs for outputs).

4. FPGA Implementation
The HDL code is synthesized and implemented on a Xilinx FPGA using the Xilinx
ISE Design Suite. The design is then tested and verified on the FPGA development
board.

5. Testing
Extensive testing is conducted to ensure the vending machine operates as expected.
This includes testing various cash inputs, product selections, and ensuring accurate
change return.

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Results and Discussion
1. Simulation Results

Before implementing the design on the FPGA, simulations are run to verify the
correctness of the HDL code. The simulation results confirm that the FSM transitions
correctly between states and performs the required operations.

2. FPGA Implementation

The design is successfully implemented on the Xilinx FPGA. The vending machine
accepts cash inputs through switches, allows product selection, and indicates the
dispensed product and remaining amount through LEDs. The system performs
accurately, handling various cash inputs and product selections as expected.

3. Performance Analysis

The FPGA implementation demonstrates efficient performance, with quick response

times for cash input, product dispensing, and change return. The use of an FPGA
allows for a flexible and reconfigurable design, enabling easy modifications and
upgrades.

4. Challenges and Solutions

Debouncing Switch Inputs: Switch inputs required debouncing to prevent multiple

readings. A debouncing circuit was implemented in HDL to address this issue.
Accurate Change Calculation: Ensuring accurate calculation and return of change was
critical. This was handled by precise state transitions and arithmetic operations in the
HDL code.

Result And Discussion

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Verilog Module Code:

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Verilog Test Bench Code:

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Waveform:

Figure 1Waveform

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Implementation On FPGA BOARD:

Figure 2 FPGA BOARD SPARTAN

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Conclusion:
The design and implementation of a vending machine on a Xilinx FPGA demonstrate
the practical application of digital logic and hardware description languages. The
system successfully performs cash handling, product dispensing, and change return,
providing a robust solution for automated vending. The use of FPGA technology
allows for rapid prototyping and efficient performance, making it a suitable platform
for such applications. Future improvements can include adding support for multiple
payment methods and enhancing user interface elements.

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