papergrid Date: 1 1 Chaptes ~1 SOLUTIONS Pt 91 Ippm- Prevents toota Gecary |-Sippm- peisSnourx causes tooth to be mottledl HOMOGENEOUS — misetunes with’ 2 oni mone Comp SOLVENT - _Compenent pr exent lo51geLy =_deteinines “tne motuse Of “re * Sotn > SOLUTE - Qne os mone Cempenents present in & Solr IBINARN “SOLUTION = telslaus Talal 2 Components —. CON CENTRATION ExPRESSING = @rge gn of Aotute) 1D Moss ‘Pe centage = “Nias of comp 100 Totot mans Mainus Used io Commesncial kleaching indus B24 65 Be so hiostite in) ubatest: ") Volume Pestcentage = Vol Ok comp too (mil Total vol BEY of sin oy sthijtene gtead — antigueeze - Cool. tne engine of) Cass - lowers watess freexin Spoink to 2esieacme (-iawete) Wi) May by Volume = se Ors 68 “Sotute in pens ip Wed in Daasumaay and in mMeoticinepapergrid Date: 1 1 ai iw) Pasts pes million - tohen solute present in very Smat quaint ppne = _No- of pavtts x10f Totad Lone... poluutouts in waren , aur in. eM OB now Vv) Mole Fraction (x): #A AL dependent _ ae 7 Tae ee Vv were Hares \ Bate tHo= 1 vid Molasuty Cw). = tes = ee No & moter’ OR Solute io lit “Soin vil) Molating (no) - pte z wis. x10" Me Wala) Vita Lkg) No. gp Moles “Oh Solute in IkQ solvent Souvenir \tS the mocumum amount & solvent Ah ok con be digsotved in a ‘pasticulor temp Qnd premuste SOL WD ns Liquid > PBlox soluse, dimolve in spstex Solvent Same with nen+ petox £9 dium Chipuide and sugox seacdir4 disazoluen in water, input nophthatene and anthracene do Not “Wey Gimotve 10 benzene white Nac! ond Sugax oesnkpapergrid Date: / 1 p> like dissolves Uke Pp When 4ome aotitte ig added in a solvent Seme Solute dissolves wit Aig, ik concentrati an This is BiSsolbTrom Ory 1s Some sourke paurioles Peoulide wits the Solid Souite positiae, And get Sepanoked This 9's ORNSTALLISATION In & State Where both there happen hie fo. O% Solute dinselued = No. © solute Sepasxating DYNAMIC EAvVILIBRILM attained > SATURATED SOLUTION A_ soln in whien | no moxie dimotved oar the same temp and premuxe m For a Soln whieh Attained EQLIEIBRILM a > Solunility” depends en + > Notuxe > prewune —> temp > €fr . of temp © Sournility tb sour” ia temp (encto) eo Solumltyy with & in temp (exo) EFF oF preasuse o Wrea~une has no eFF on Sdluniuty of souds in liq because these aste — Wighly in campstervittpapergrid Date: ss iw) Pasits pen omilion |- toned Solute present Very Sma quaint ppm = _No- of pasts x 10% Tota® Lene. oP pplatounts 19 waren , Oar in tows Of now v) Mole Fraction (*) = — Da. ent: s 6 Astor E Hartz | Wn tHe t%o=1 — Yen tonp vid Molosuty Cr) - a z ae = No: ©& motes oR Solute in 1 lit “Soin” vii) Molaginy Goo) - ni = No. op Moles “Of Solute in IkQ solvent SOs ttaTy Its the macomum amount e solvent th at con be digyatued in a “pasxtiaay temp Ond PremuKe SOL wD Lm LetQuiD > Pplox solutes dimolve in spear solvent Same witty Non- potax g chipside and sugox seadsDus cisanluen im Wate, hus iNaphthalese and anthracene do Not: Wey Cimsoke to benzene white Maci ond Suge GoeaneHenry's LAW (50. und At _Cconstont the SOunili Oo Gor io ig Caine. ianat +o thi artical JAAS 2 Od ex A lig ox Aoln- mote fraction chico re: HENRN'S LA state, that the OS tial MprewyuUxte dhe gar io u \ 40. dhe mole the gars bod sin sotusti eo oh KA = Ku%a Ls Heney’s constant DIFP _Qaxes have Guiere Ke ae same + Sotusratit HCL io clonexane Oepapergrid Date: / / Bp Ky TP soleunitity wv > Kad With temp — sotunilityy This 1S Wry OgMotic animals ase mene Combes in Cot weter Hasnes if was _Wwakon - Applications Of Hensuy's Kei « 2 To moneore AON Oh C02 iH | Gagt dounkr and Soa wate, the hottie Is sealed under high. PRemMUHe © Soupa dives showd cope Up with hi eon & Oimotved gases while | bxeathing ain Win Woh ¢ Premusie unclerwaten Tea presuxe ser the Solubility of atmo gaiKer i blood.) When the divex setusns bock to the Suoface pxerune Uses “Quootuotis Need gyeb axing’ “tne dimetued goser Alvis mi Cause O1 teads to —hubtrles 1 nitrogen In blood. tts blocks the Cappitasues and Create. a medic an!) Condition “BENDS (vem paingu and d TD AVOID this a5 welll As Tthe toxe eff of T Bone. nitrogen in teod “the tanks used ye Giver, ase PiUed _ wittr in Ailubed with He Cua te pe 5e-2%e_N, B21 Fe 0.) o At high Attitudes P.P ep oxygen 4 than ground lever Leaating to low conc. Of oxygen in hlood And timuerx people Luving at T altitude OQ climbews. This Makes them Peal weak, uname to think cleanly exe leading +o i 4 ANOKIApapergrid Date: / 1 EFF Of Tenip Solunitity v with + in temp Yep of kg goin MiQvUIB - LYQVLB -P_Raouits lato For 0 Solin 19g volosile, ig the PePe ge each comp As direckiy Proportianar to ws Mole Brack on Present in solo x As 22 absolute (pu 644 Pa Ka Piotaa =P Lat P'eXe e e A Rian eel SIF Ya and Ye mole Fraction 4b Ropusis, ands Hens lou dig is just in Kn ancl % h becomes a" gp core when Kix =e Soup ~ LvUQvID -~bNON Volitile- Nad, Qiu cose Sucuoe , fructose Cane sugan, urea {Lin water) Pp \dling “and sulpnuy Cin CasUrem disulpiide)papergrid Date: 1 1 > Lin VeP oy sowent dlepencls On Quontity oy Non- volatite Zotute we IDEAL AND NON IDEAL —tdeo 2 —setutens.— The* Soins _*vonich” ghey "Raouris lany Entraipy ct Wining | Puse Solvent’ te solo! “is Zero P Volume Also exo Sita =O ANin = 0 > 1€ Mp==heot arceuned Ox evolved When ninedl vie Vi tva0 fotat v igs vols +volel Unen _intermolecautas force btw A=A and B=B Neasiy = A-6 \deal Solin formek <; Eg_: toluene - benzene bremoethane - chtoroethane nen arcleal Solutions — > Do_not Raouwts Lew VeP is 1 ox low than predicted iF hig e POSITIVE DevViATIDN A-B Weak than a4) low © NEGATIVE ~ DEVIATION Why acetone + ethanol! And Carbon disulphide acetone benave tn a Cemain Manned ? Cause solvent - solute interatien weaker than solute solute and Soluent~ seltuend so atve cleviation ag « Raoul Naw Ue PT ap Yenen Sdyate- soluke and Solvent- solvent INtED) AetiOn weaker tan Solven -soute =ve deviation og Raours law Vepy Phenol + anitine chloroPosm + acetpne.Date: 4. 7 Axeotrophes - Seme Uguid, in hott vapous phase and in lq Pe ot corttant tenip COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Propesttics thot. depend 8m no: && paxtic axe COLLIGATIVE | PROPERTIES => RELATIVE LOWERING OF uy. P when we > te ie yelative lowe ing ar vip ic equas to mole fraction og Solutépapergrid Date: J / Aba Ceney tre. (for il sain) ia 4£< Na) in DartNe Net Da & Da OPa > Ag 2. WeMa P% Da Me Wa > ELEVATION IN BOILING POINT VeP sex with 7 in _tempendtuse Water hoi tt ar 373-15 kK 1oo%e ver OF water O13 pax veP bv with Neo voamle SdIN tohen WE Add a non Vodlstile Solute 1B bb a vetoriie solvent A vepu op BePT Th*< Tp A Tip et TT pascal. ab, Por dilute sola Kin € buddies cope Ath ano cemsiank DTb= Kp xm akg. le« 41 = Ky wp 107 Mb Wa Me = kp Wr 102 Wa ATEpai Date: De CREASE IN FP. When we add a non volatile solute 6 to a _ \olatile solvent A vp FP Dic s Be ote = We - Te For uate solo “Ke OTe 4m eryosc Opi eConstanb k_ kg! mot AtTr = Ke m ATP os Ke Wao to? Me we Me= KP we107 Wa ATF Ki mola® etevatien constant ic “the elevation of B.P Go soln haw ir IMmoloxkitiy “d ke Molat depremion conrtant is the depression @ F-8 a a Soln hawiny molauity \ /papergrid Date: ff > OgmoTia PRESSURE Osmons - Plow of puse solvent fron wwer cone - Nighe, can 4hrough a SPM C Pressuse that stops, tnig Flow solvent ts Osmome-s PREssuReo of soto Two Soins having same O%motic premune is, isotanic sctn . Ure No O3modis Bacasr Equa, ‘Hood: etn ant “0:9 Sochums chtoricke If Sodium Chisvide 7 than 0:4 %e | blood cetd Shsunks _— hypertonic “Sols IP_Soduum crnbonidte UY tran 0.9 4. htood celts Swetls - Wypotenic soln Peopte daking tots og Salt _expenien ces EDEMA Maaea as, OwwostS A bactewiins on sartedt meak O candid Fruit tosez unter shrivods Quad ea Réverse Osmosis > Wnen O Premune S Gxmotic Qwen +o soln " u rw fers fram higher con 7 lower can d Main for Clesatinatian of Sea toot erYour And vans. ABNORMAL MOLAR MASS Molas Mos. ow te Normat molan Mors 1S ABNORMAL MOLAR MASS Vant Hoff > Faction i) = resents the Oxwodart an % ouatian (nottana’) dissociation axsociati on