2.2 Pergerakan Dan Pertukaran Gas Di Dalam Badan Manusia

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Bab 2 Respirasi / Respiration


2.2 Pergerakan dan pertukaran gas di dalam badan manusia
Movement and exchange of gases in human body
Resapan oksigen berlaku dari kawasan gas yang berkepekatan tinggi ke dalam kawasan gas yang
1 berkepekatan rendah iaitu dari alveolus ke kapilari darah
Diffusion of oxygen occurs from the area of high concentration of gas to area of low concentration of gas which is
from alveoli into the blood capillaries
Darah terdeoksigen
Deoxygenated blood Udara hembusan
Exhaled air

Udara sedutan
Darah Alvelous Inhaled air
beroksigen Alveolus
Sel darah merah
Oxygenated
Karbon dioksida Red blood cell Kapilari darah
blood
3 Carbon dioxide Blood capillary

1 Oksigen
Kapilari darah Oxygen
Blood capillary 6
4

2 O2 CO 2
5
Sel badan
Body cells

Terdapat sebatian dalam sel darah merah dikenali sebagai hemoglobin yang akan bergabung dengan
2 oksigen untuk membentuk oksihemoglobin / There is a compound in red blood cells called haemoglobin
which will combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
Oksihemoglobin diangkut dari peparu ke jantung dan dipam ke bahagian tubuh badan lain.
3 Oxyhaemoglobin is transported from lungs to heart and pumped to other parts of the body.
Apabila darah sampai ke tisu atau sel-sel badan yang kekurangan oksigen, oksihemoglobin terurai
4 dan oksigen dibebaskan.
When blood reaches tissues or cells that lack oxygen, oxyhaemoglobin decomposes and oxygen is released.
Dalam sel badan, oksigen mengoksidakan molekul glukosa kepada karbon dioksida, air dan tenaga
5 In body cell, oxygen oxidises glucose molecule to carbon dioxide, water and energy.
Karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan meresap masuk ke dalam kapilari darah dan diangkut ke alveolus
6 untuk disingkirkan semasa udara dihembus keluar.
The released carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood capillary and transported to the alveoli to be removed
during exhalation.

Laluan oksigen ke sel badan / The pathway of oxygen to body cells

Alveolus Kapilari darah Jantung Sel-sel badan


Alveolus Blood capillary Heart Body cells

Oksihemoglobin / Oxyhaemoglobin

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Kepentingan adaptasi struktur alveolus
Importance of alveolar structure adaptation

Dinding setebal satu sel Permukaan alveolus yang lembap


One cell thick wall Moist wall of alveolus

Memudahkan dan Membenarkan gas respirasi


meningkatkan kadar resapan melarut dan meresap ke
gas merentasi dinding dalam kapilari darah
alveolus dan kapilari darah Allows respiratory gases to
Facilitates and increases the dissolve and diffuse into the
rate of diffusion of gas across blood capillaries
the walls of the alveoli and
blood capillaries

Adaptasi struktur
alveolus
Adaptation of alveolar
structure

Luas permukaan alveolus yang besar Jaringan kapilari darah yang banyak
Large surface area of alveolus mengelilingi alveolus
The extensive network of blood capillaries
Menyediakan luas surrounds alveolus
permukaan yang besar Meningkatkan kadar
untuk pertukaran gas pertukaran gas antara alveolus
Provides a large surface area dengan kapilari darah
for gaseous exchange Increases the rate of gaseous
exchange between the alveoli and
blood capillaries

Emfisema / Emphysema Alveolus


normal
 Emfisema adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kerosakan Normal
kekenyalannya
alveolus peparu iaitu alveolus hilang __________________. alveolus
Emphysema is a disease caused by damage to the alveoli of the lungs,
elasticity
where the alveoli lose their ___________________.
 pecah
Dinding alveolus ____________ dan menyebabkan saiz alveolus
mengurangkan
menjadi besar. Ini ______________________ jumlah luas Alveolus
permukaan bagi pertukaran gas respirasi yang
ruptures and causes the size of alveoli become
The wall of the alveoli _________ mengalami
reduces
large. This __________the total surface area for respiratory gas emfisema
exchange kesukaran bernafas Alveoli with
 Kesannya, seseorang pesakit akan difficulty breathing
mengalami________________. emphysema
As a result, a patient will have______________________.

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© Alaf Sanjung Sdn. Bhd. (516756-V)

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