Vertical Habitats Action Plan July 2004 The City of London Biodiversity Action Plan identifies vertical habitats

s in the City as being important to biodiversity and has established that these should be promoted, managed and monitored. The purpose of this plan is to set out a strategy as to how this can be achieved

1.

Introduction

The Vertical Habitats Action Plan is a daughter document of the City of London Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) which was launched in July 2003 by the City BAP Steering Group. This document explores the constraints and opportunities relating to the contribution which vertical habitats can make to biodiversity in the City of London. It also identifies a set of action points designed to overcome the constraints and exploit these opportunities. These action points, which have been agreed by the City BAP Steering Group, are also listed in a table at the back of this document. Improving biodiversity in urban environments such as the City of London is not necessarily about focusing on rare and endangered species, nor is it an unrealistic attempt to bring countryside qualities into the City. Improving biodiversity in urban environments is about ensuring that the natural world which supports us is also healthy. Plants and trees have always formed an integral part of the urban environment. They work very hard for us by cleaning the air, water and soil from toxins, pollutants and wastes. They also help to retain moisture in the air and help to reduce the urban heat island effect.

What are vertical habitats?

The term vertical habitats refers to the range of natural and man-made structures, which currently support, or have the potential to support biodiversity. Natural features in the City include the surfaces of trees whilst man-made structures include the exterior surfaces of buildings walls, terraces, balconies, fences, window boxes and roofs.

Why are they important?

The City of London is densely developed and open space is limited. Many of the open spaces are also accessible to the public (e.g. Finsbury Circus, St Pauls Cathedral churchyard) and these are heavily utilised by the residents and employees of the City and this further limits opportunities to improve biodiversity. Trees and built structures, on the other hand offer valuable spaces for habitats to establish themselves off the ground with relatively little disturbance from human activity. Urban life is also attractive to many types of invertebrates and birds. Some species, such as the swift, have adapted so easily to life on built structures that it becomes difficult to imagine them in any other habitat. The presence of wildlife in the City provides us with some very useful data as to the quality of the environment on which we as City dwellers and workers are also dependent.

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

2. City of London Vertical Habitats

There are a number of existing vertical habitats in the City of London. They include selfestablished green walls, intentionally planted green walls and green roofs, balcony gardens and window boxes. Our vertical habitats may vary in their value to biodiversity but all contribute positively to the overall environmental quality in the City of London. Sites of importance for Nature Conservation Some of our vertical habitats are found in sites which have been designated as Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. They were designated as such following an ecological survey of the City of London by a biodiversity advisor at the Greater London Authority (GLA) in 2001. The survey was carried out using criteria and procedures which are now set out in Appendix I of the Mayor of Londons Biodiversity Strategy. This survey identified ten Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation, some of which include vertical habitats. These include: - St Mary Aldermanbury Gardens and Churchyard The old stone walls around the northern section of the garden have been colonised by ferns, including a large population of maidenhair spleenwort, a few black spleenwort, harts tongue and male fern - The Roman and Medieval City Wall, Noble Street This site comprises a section of Roman wall alongside Noble Street plus the remains of a brick building most likely to be the remains of a World War II bombsite. Species found include Oxford ragwort, eastern rocket, thale cress, wavy bittercress, pellitory-of-the-wall, harts tongue and male fern. Some of the brickwork is also thickly clad in ivy offering cover for birds. - The Barbican and St Alphages Gardens The site includes a mix of Roman wall and medieval wall which have been colonised by species such as maidenhair spleenwort, harts tongue, black spleenwort and pellitory-of-the-wall. The Vertical Habitats Action Plan has set the action point of seeking to protect and maintain the ecological value of these sites. The publication of City of Londons Supplementary Planning Guidance on Open Spaces in June 2004 has contributed towards this. The document identifies the Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation, and through UDP policy REC 3, loss or damage to these sites will be resisted. However, the sustained ecological value of these spaces also depends on effective management and this will be dependent on cross-department coordination between the Department of Open Spaces and the Department of Planning & Transportation. To achieve this target an action point has been set to allocate two members of staff, one from the Planning Department and the other from the Department of Open Spaces, who will share responsibility for the protection and monitoring of these sites. These designated officers are to be consulted on planning applications, scheduled ancient monument consent and other applications which affect Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation.

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Maidenhair Spleenwort on medieval stonework at St Alphage Gardens

Site of Importance for Nature Conservation The Barbican and St Alphage Gardens Within the site are St Alphages Garden together with two adjoining gardens; the Roman Wall, medieval stonework and the old Barber Surgeons Hall south of St Giles; the large gardens to the south of Defore House; the wild meadow garden; Beech gardens and the main lakes. The Roman wall at St Alphages Gardens contains a large population of maidenhair spleenwort; harts tongue, black spleenwort and pellitory-of-the-wall also occur. The Roman Wall and Old Barber Surgeons Hall to the south of St Giles support a colourful community of wild flowers including purple toadflax, broad-leaved willowherb, pellitory-of-the-wall, Oxford ragwort, eastern rocket, rats-tail fescue and garden escape hollyhock. Ivy and shrubbery on the Old Barger Surgeons Hall provide cover for birds Source: GLA, 2003

Green Walls in the City of London There are a number of green walls in the City of London. They vary in type and can be found on old stonework in churchyards as well as on contemporary office buildings, the former being mostly self-established (some of these are described above) and the latter deliberately incorporated into the design of the development. All Hallows London Wall The Roman wall at All Hallows on London Wall provides an opportunity for nature conservation as it Rustyback plant on All Hallows remains relatively undisturbed. During the 2001 City Wall, July 2004 of London ecological survey, a single rustyback (ceterach officinarum locally uncommon species) was found on the wall at All Hallows. Since 2001, the rustyback has multiplied and there are now more than 20 plants to be seen. It is possible this increase is due to improvements in air quality in this area of the City of London. The wall at All Hallows illustrates how naturally colonised sites can change over time. It is possible that the ecological value of a site can improve to such an extent that a site should be added to the Citys Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. This plan therefore includes a long term action point to monitor all naturally colonised sites in the City of London.

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

The possibility remains however that plants cause damage to the built fabric including archaeological remains. It is important that the Corporation of Londons duty to protect archaeological remains does not conflict with its duty to protect and enhance biodiversity. To avoid this happening, this plan identifies as an action point the need for a specification for the protection archaeological sites to be prepared. Broadgate Development The Broadgate development was completed in 1991 and occupies 29 acres over and around Liverpool Street Station. The development includes a sequence of public open spaces and also includes a number of green walls. These are found at the Broadgate Arena where trellises with plants are supported by the wall; at 1 Finsbury Avenue facing onto Wilson Street and also at 1 2 Broadgate. Incorporating green walls into the design of a building may present the architect with a difficult challenge. Developers may also be put off by the false assertion that climbing plants will cause damage to the building when in fact, in the majority of cases, the opposite is true. As well as providing visual amenity, green walls can assist with cooling in the summer and insulating in the winter. They also protect the building from the rain and from pollutants and dust. From a biodiversity point of view they will work hard to improve local air quality and also provide important cover for birds. For green walls to thrive and to exist in harmony with the built structure it is important they are designed with care. A south-facing wall is, for instance, unlikely to be appropriate for a green wall as the vegetation is likely to dry out very quickly during the summer months. The City BAP Steering Group would like to see more green walls being incorporated into new developments in the City of London. The Group also recognises that the provision of good information on how to grow effective green walls is important. This plan incorporates the action point to develop better sources of information on this. The City BAP Steering Group will also approach willing developers and building occupiers on the potential for developing green walls. Balcony Gardens and Window Boxes Many City dwellers and office occupiers take advantage of the numerous opportunities to improve the visual outlook of their building by developing attractive balcony gardens, providing window boxes or simply attaching containers to their walls. A ten minute stroll through the City will reveal some impressive examples but also reveal there are too many blank wall spaces and window ledges needing to be brightened up Even the smallest container of plants attract insects and provide visual amenity to passers by. The biodiversity value of these will increase the more plentiful these are and depend upon the extent of the wildlife corridor created. There are several issues relating to balcony gardens and window boxes. For example, the plants chosen for a display need to able to thrive in these more confined areas. They also need to be chosen for their attractiveness to people and wildlife throughout the year. It is important to remember that south facing containers are likely to heat too much during the

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

summer and the plants may not survive. In winter, on the other hand, the roots of plants in smaller containers have little resistance to frost The City Biodiversity Action Plan Steering Group believe an increase in the number of window boxes and balcony gardens would be very desirable. The group believes that, again, the provision of good information on planting successful window boxes and containers is important. This plan includes the action point to ensure that guidance on this is provided to City residents and the facility managers of office occupiers.

Impressive display of window boxes outside offices, New Broad Street, July 2004

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Green Roofs There are a number of existing green roofs in the City of London. These include: - Roof Garden, No. 1 Poultry - Cannon Bridge Roof Garden - 41 Tower Hill Roof Garden - Sir John Cass School Educational Roof Garden - Barbican estate walkways

Intensive Green Roof, Cannon Bridge Roof Garden, 2003

Roof gardens in the City provide important space and amenity for residents and employees alike. The Corporation of London is, however, currently encouraging the provision of a different type of roof known as the extensive green roof. These are a much more lightweight than those listed above; they are also Extensive Green Roof planted built for the purpose of improving biodiversity rather with Sedum in Stuttgart, Jun than providing people with access to open space. 2004, There are a number of extensive green roofs in the development pipeline. It is expected these will make a valuable contribution to the overall biodiversity in the City of London.

Issues relating to Green Roofs Different types of green roofs fulfil different purposes. If developing a green roof for the purpose of improving biodiversity, a developer should opt for the extensive type. Even extensive green roofs can vary in terms of their value to biodiversity. A popular way of installing an extensive green roof is to opt for complete systems offered by the main manufacturers operating in the UK. These typically

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

include a sophisticated system of layers comprising waterproof membrane, root barrier, drainage layer, growing medium and a sedum blanket. The systems are designed to be fast growing and low maintenance. Often the manufacturers will include a maintenance agreement with the package, which is attractive and convenient for many developers. This type of extensive roof will have biodiversity benefits for the City of London; sedums which are wind, frost and drought resistant are likely to survive at high level and will provide habitats for invertebrates and resting ground for birds. However, extensive green roofs need not be so sophisticated and need not involve the use of these uniform look mats, which will only provide limited variety in plant species. Instead, a layer of recycled, crushed brick can be laid down to provide the growing medium layer and this can be plug planted with sedums or sown with a seed mix known to be suitable for the local environment. This type of roof is often referred to an extensive biodiverse roof. This will provide a more rugged and more varied look and likely to provide a better habitat for birds. Maintenance needs are still likely to be low and may only require a couple of visits a year to pull out any unwanted plants. This approach can be taken a step further and the recycled aggregate from the development site can be used as the substrate and left to colonise naturally. This approach was taken at the award-winning Laban Dance Centre in Deptford. This type of roof is thought to be particularly suitable for attracting black redstarts - one of the City of Londons flagship species. Britains black redstart population is concentrated in urban areas and is often associated with brownfield or industrial sites. The robin-like bird likes to feed on wasteland vegetation and stony ground.

Laban Dance Centre, July 2003

Extensive Brown Roof, Creekside, London, July 2003

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

In July 2003 the Corporation of London published a Green Roofs research advice note as a way of introducing the concept of green roofs to City developers and occupiers. The Department of Planning and Transportation is also actively encouraging the incorporation of extensive green roofs in new developments and has been successful in securing several in proposed schemes. In addition, the Supplementary Planning Guidance note on Open Spaces published by the Department of Planning & Transportation in July 2004 includes the promotion and encouragement of green roofs and other types of vertical habitats. The City of London is considered suitable territory for hosting a variety of green roof types. In an ideal world, a birds-eye view of the City would reveal a colourful variety including intensive roof gardens, extensive green roofs planted with sedum and biodiverse roofs. For biodiversity purposes, it is important the encouragement of extensive green roofs in the City of London is continued. It is also important that developers are strongly encouraged to consider alternatives to the use of sedum mats.

Providing water for birds on green roofs

The Biodiversity Action Plan seeks to improve the City of London as a habitat for birds. As well as food and space to nest and roost, birds also need water. There are few places in the City, however, where rainwater is captured. This is partly because green space is limited and also because the majority of the building and road surfaces are designed to allow rainwater to flow directly and quickly into the drains. There are clearly many opportunities to correct this; by simply providing containers which can capture the rainwater at roof level. These would be particularly appropriate on roofs which are in close vicinity to areas which are known to be used by birds. The Vertical Habitat Action Plan therefore includes the target of increasing the number of roof level containers at suitable locations for the purpose of capturing rainwater for birds. The Action Point related to this target is for the City BAP Steering Group to start approaching potential building tenants regarding this potential.

Providing bird and bat boxes on building walls and roofs

There is ample opportunity in the City of London to provide nesting places for City birds by placing boxes on the outside of buildings or trees. It is best if these are located facing north or east, away from the heat of the summer sun. Different sized boxes are suitable for different types of birds. Large nestboxes placed on high buildings would be suitable for kestrels; smaller, open fronted boxes would be suitable for robins and pied wagtails and small, hole-entrance boxes would be suitable for tits and sparrows. Nestboxes placed under the eaves of buildings may attract the Citys swift population during the months of May to September. A suitable place for a black redstart nest would be on a ledge under the roof of a building. Bat boxes can also be placed to the outside of buildings. This plan includes the action point for the City BAP group to start identifying suitable sites for the location of nest boxes.

Monitoring Vertical Habitats

Monitoring the Citys vertical habitats, in term of their biodiversity value, is an important part of the Vertical Habitats Action Plan and is included as an action point. Examples of work already undertaken include a roof-top-level survey of birds in the City of London. This was carried out in May 2004. Detailed results will help us understand how birds are using the

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Citys rooftops, open spaces and green roofs. Some further more detailed studies of bird life activity on the Cannon Street Roof Garden was undertaken later in 2004 and will be useful to the City BAP Steering group.

Disseminating Information on Best Practice

There is considerable focus in this plan on the dissemination of information on best practice. action points mentioned above include, for example, making information available to City dwellers and occupiers on the successful planting of window boxes, and ensuring information on developing successful green walls is also made available. Another good way of disseminating information is through holding events focused on specific topics. An action point is therefore included to continue holding regular training events for Corporation staff on vertical habitats. This action point is successfully being achieved and events have been held in 2002, 2003 and 2004. The City BAP Steering Group is also looking into the possibility of holding events and workshops for developers and architects where the practice of designing in for vertical habitats can be promoted.

3.

Factors Affecting Habitat

There are a number of factors which will affect the success of the City of London Vertical Habitat Action Plans: Training The better trained the local authority officers are in ecological management techniques, particularly in the Department Planning & Transportation and in the Department of Open Spaces, the more likely it is that vertical habitats will be protected, maintained, enhanced and developed in such as way as to contribute to biodiversity in the City of London Information and Awareness The better educated Committee Members and members of the public are in environmental management techniques, the more likely it is that the Vertical Habitats Action Plan will be in achieving improved biodiversity in the City of London. For example, it is to be expected that a vertical habitat which has species suited to its local environment goes through seasonal variations where some plants may lose colour during the winter months. It is a common misconception that this represents a failed or uncared for space. Species Decline Species decline due to factors outside the habitat - this includes species that are in decline nationally for reasons that are likely to lie outside the sphere of parks management, e.g. the House Sparrow. Nevertheless, in some cases, sympathetic management may help to sustain current levels and may even assist in reversing the trend. Conflicting Goals

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

As discussed above, some of the Citys vertical habitats are part of sites of historic importance. Conflicts can sometimes arise between the aims of managing the historic space and aims to maintain or improve biodiversity on the site. What this Action Plan seeks to do is to establish a balance between the two aims and also to seek ways in which both aims can be achieved on the same site. The lack of green corridors Green corridors are essential in linking all green spaces throughout the City of London. These can allow the free movement of species and therefore encourage them the increased establishment of habitats. There are areas in the City of London where there is a distinct lack of such green corridors and this is an issue which the Habitats Action Plans seeks to address.

4. Policy Framework
The City of London Vertical Habitats Action Plan falls under a wider policy framework as set out below: Local Policy City of London UDP - Policy REC 3 in the City of London UDP states that the Corporation and developers should have regard to nature conservation in the design and management of open spaces and throughout the City Under this policy loss or damage to vertical habitats will be resisted. Under this policy new vertical habitats are also being encouraged. Green Roofs Research Advice Note - With the purpose of raising awareness and encouraging the development of green roofs in the City of London, a research advice note on Green roofs was published jointly by the Corporation of London and the British Council for Offices in 2003. Open Spaces SPG - The Department of Planning and Transportation published the Supplementary Planning Guidance note on Open spaces in 2003. This identifies all the open spaces in the City of London and includes 10 sites which have been identified as being Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. Some of these sites are vertical habitats. Regional Policy The London Plan The Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation in the City of London were designated as such following an ecological survey of the City of London by a biodiversity advisor at the Greater London Authority (GLA) in 2001. The survey was carried out using criteria and procedures which are now set out in Appendix I of the Mayor of Londons Biodiversity Strategy. The protection of these sites is encouraged under policy 3D.12 in the London Plan. Mayor of Londons Biodiversity Strategy Connecting with Londons Nature. This was published in July 2002. This sets out the Mayors policies and proposals which London Boroughs should comply with. Among other things this Strategy states that opportunities for

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Vertical Habitats Action Plan

protecting and enhancing biodiversity will be taken into account in the consideration of new developments. Design for Biodiversity Guidance Note - The Mayor of London has also published a joint guidance document with the London Development Agency, London Biodiversity Partnership and English Nature called Design for Biodiversity, A Guidance Document for Development in London. This document encourages the incorporation of green roofs, green walls and other elements for purposes of improving biodiversity e.g. use of swift bricks, in new build. National Policy PPG9 - Planning Policy Guidance 9 (PPG9) Nature Conservation (1994) seeks to integrate conservation into development objectives. The Government is currently revising PPG9 and will replace it with Planning Policy Statement 9 Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (PPS9) National Biodiversity Strategy - The England Biodiversity Strategy, published in 2002 provides the vision for the conservation of the countrys biodiversity resources over the next five years and beyond. Amongst other things it promotes development that makes minimal adverse impacts on wildlife habitats and the enhancement, wherever possible, of biodiversity resources. It outlines the integral role of biodiversity conservation in ensuring urban communities in the built environment.

5.

Links with other City action plans

Thames Foreshore Habitat Action Plan This HAP is currently being drafted, however it is predominantly based on the Thames Estuary Partnerships Tidal Thames Habitat Action Plan. For further information go to www.Thamesweb.com Archaeological sites This plan is produced by Corporation of London and its primary aim is to protect and enhance the Citys Historic sites and buildings. For further information please contact the Citys Historic Buildings Architect on 0207 332 1772 Vertical habitats This plan is produced by the Corporation of London and aims to preserve existing vertical habitats and encourage new ones via the planning process. For Further information go to Peregrine Falcon The Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus, has adapted to urban habitat, nesting in scrapes on variety of man-made structures. The Peregrine Falcon Species Action Plan is currently in development; however, it will be based on the London Biodiversity Partnerships Peregrine Falcon Species Action Plan. For further information go to www.lbp.org.uk/03action_pages/ac16_falcon.html The Black Redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros, requires nesting cavities on brownfield sites and insect-rich habitat. The Black Redstart Species Action Plan is currently in development; however, it will be based on the London Biodiversity Partnerships Black Redstart Species

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Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Action Plan. For further information go to www.lpb.org.uk/03action_pages/ac18_redstart.html House Sparrow The House Sparrow, Passer domesticus, feeds in parks and gardens where seeds are available. The House Sparrow Species Action Plan is currently in development; however, it will be based on the London Biodiversity Partnerships House Sparrow Species Action Plan. For further information go to www.lbp.org.uk/03action_pages/ac19_sparrow.html

6.

References
Available at: http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/corporation /media_centre_archive/files/bap.htm http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/ biodiversity/index.jsp http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporatio n/our_services/development_planning/plann ing/udp/draft_spg_open_spaces.htm http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporatio n/about_us/consultation/community/

Document City of London Biodiversity Action Plan, Corporation of London 2003 Mayors Biodiversity Strategy, Connecting with Londons nature, Mayor of London, July 2002 Open Spaces Supplementary Planning Guidance, Corporation of London 2004 The City of London Community Strategy, 2004 2014. The City Together: A Vision for a World Class City, The City Together 2004 The City of London Unitary Development Plan 2002, Corporation of London 2002 The Green Roofs Research Advice Note, British Council for Offices/Corporation of London 2003 The London Plan, Spatial Development Strategy for Greater London, Mayor of London 2004 The England Biodiversity Strategy 2002, Working with the Grain of Nature, Defra Planning Policy Guidance note 9 Nature Conservation ODPM 1994

http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporatio n/our_services/development_planning/plann ing/udp/udp_2002.htm http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyr es/3B5270D2-3B8B-4BD6-94227FF2D321120C/0/A5_Green_roofs.pdf http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/ sds/index.jsp http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlifecountryside/ewd/biostrat/ http://www.odpm.gov.uk/stellent/groups/od pm_planning/documents/pdf/odpm_plan_pd f_606919.pdf

Tidal Thames Habitat Action Plan, Thames, www.thamesweb.com Estuary partnership 2002 House Sparrow Species Action Plan, London www.lbp.org.uk Biodiversity Partnership Peregrine Falcon Species Action Plan, www.lbp.org.uk

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London Biodiversity Partnership Black Restart Species Action Plan, London www.lbp.org.uk Biodiversity Partnership

7.

Contact Details

Rachel Hughes, Planning Officer Tel: 020 7332 1148, Email: rachel.hughes@corpoflondon.gov.uk

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Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Habitat: Objective:

Vertical Habitats
To promote the establishment and management of vertical habitats and to encourage their inclusion in new development

ACTION
1 Allocate officers from Dept. of Open Spaces and Dept. of Planning & Transportation to be responsible for ensuring vertical habitats, which fall within Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation, are protected when applications for planning permission, scheduled ancient monument etc are being considered Monitor changes and development of naturally colonised walls in the City of London. Recommend further sites to be included in list of Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation as appropriate. Prepare a specification for the protection of archaeological sites in the City of London

TARGET DATE
By end 2004 and then ongoing

LEAD PARTNER
Dept. of Open Spaces and Dept of Planning & Transportation

FUNDING
Staff resources only

Ongoing

Dept. of Open Spaces

Staff resources only

Spring 2005

Ensure practical information on the growing of green walls is available to willing building owners, occupiers, architects and developers. Approach willing building owners, occupiers, architects and developers on the possibility of incorporating green walls in new buildings where appropriate

Summer 2005 Ongoing

Department of Technical Services, Historic Buildings Architect Dept. of Planning & Transportation Dept. of Open Spaces and Dept. of Planning & Transportation

Staff resources only

Staff resources and possibly P & T publications budget Staff resources

14

Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Habitat: Objective:

Vertical Habitats
To promote the establishment and management of vertical habitats and to encourage their inclusion in new development

ACTION
6 Ensure practical and useful information on green walls is included in any Corporation events on built structures and/or environment where building owners, occupiers, architects and developers are expected to attend Ensure guidance is provided to residents and City occupiers (e.g. facility managers) on the successful planting of window boxes and wall containers. Include support for green roofs and other vertical habitats in the supplementary planning guidance note on open spaces Encourage alternatives to the use of sedum mats when new extensive green roofs are included in planning permissions Approach and identify willing building tenants and building owners for the installation of water containers at roof top level Monitor the use, success and biodiversity value of vertical habitats

TARGET DATE
Ongoing

LEAD PARTNER
Corporation Sustainability Office

FUNDING
Staff resources

Ongoing

Dept. of Open Spaces

Dept. of Open Spaces

Completed Jul 2004 Ongoing

Dept. of Planning & Transportation Dept. of Planning & Transportation Dept. of Open Spaces All

Existing budget.

10

n/a

12

Ongoing

n/a

13

Ongoing

Dept. of Open Spaces

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Vertical Habitats Action Plan

Habitat: Objective:

Vertical Habitats
To promote the establishment and management of vertical habitats and to encourage their inclusion in new development

ACTION
14 Identify suitable sites for nest boxes for birds and bats

TARGET DATE
Early 2005 ready for installation May 2005

LEAD PARTNER
Dept. of Open Spaces

FUNDING
Dept. of Open Spaces

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Vertical Habitats Action Plan