Vanadia Mineralogic Demonstration

Vanadia Mineralogic Demonstration
Rumana Khan
Applications Specialist
27 February 2024
Contents
01 Analysis Overview
02 Analysis Results
03 Introduction to Mineralogic
ZEISS 27 February 2024

Sample Analysis Conditions
Sample
 Sample 1 – Quartz Sand
 Sample 2 – Zircon
Configuration
 Oxford UltimMax 65 EDS detectors x 2
 HDBSD
 Mineralogic version 1.8
Conditions
1. BSE image
4. Classified
Image
2. EDS Spectrum
 20 kV Wt.% Illite Orthoclase
 5nA O 55.84 42.97
Analysis Type Si 22.65 31.06
 Mapping Al 11.73 10.52

 Bright Phase Search
K 7.82 15.46
Mg 1.97 0.00

Contents
02 Analysis Results

Sample 1: Quartz Sand
Modal Mineralogy
Montage
Montage
59445 particles
5 um EDS step size
10 hrs 42 mins
Modal Mineralogy
Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Number Area % Weight % Average Composition
(µm) (µm)
Quartz 46271 92.066 99.436 20.195 29.050 Si 51.04; O 48.96;
Fe (crusher) 16 0.118 0.372 47.434 70.827 Fe 100;
Fe Oxide 141 0.035 0.073 9.751 8.843 Fe 66.53; O 33.47;
Muscovite 264 0.053 0.062 8.321 6.195 O 44.68; Si 27.85; Al 15.25; K 9.39; Fe 2.82;
Liguowuite (WO3) 76 0.008 0.023 5.001 0.000 W 78.90; O 21.10
Calcite 47 0.019 0.020 9.969 10.750 O 56.89; Ca 42.79; Mg 0.27; Fe 0.05;
Zircon 8 0.003 0.007 12.804 8.769 Zr 52.33; O 31.18; Si 16.49;
Rutile 84 0.012 0.005 6.182 3.528 O 68.42; Ti 31.58;
Chalcopyrite 2 0.001 0.001 10.591 7.906 Cu 37.93; S 34.16; Fe 27.9;
Florencite-(Ce) 4 0.001 0.001 6.251 2.501 O 53.69; Al 22.18; P 14.12; Si 10.01;
Monazite-(Ce) 2 0.000 0.001 7.502 3.536 O 35.57; Ce 31.2; P 17.72; La 11.02; Nd 4.49;
Area % of each phase

converted to weight %
based on mineral
specific gravity
Modal Mineralogy

(µm) (µm)
Quartz 46271 92.066 99.436 20.195 29.050 Si 51.04; O 48.96;
Fe (crusher) 16 0.118 0.372 47.434 70.827 Fe 100;
Fe Oxide 141 0.035 0.073 9.751 8.843 Fe 66.53; O 33.47;
Liguowuite (WO3) 76 0.008 0.023 5.001 0.000 W 78.90; O 21.10
Calcite 47 0.019 0.020 9.969 10.750 O 56.89; Ca 42.79; Mg 0.27; Fe 0.05;
Zircon 8 0.003 0.007 12.804 8.769 Zr 52.33; O 31.18; Si 16.49;
Rutile 84 0.012 0.005 6.182 3.528 O 68.42; Ti 31.58;
Average grain size of each phase based on

feret max diameter.
Size and shape data for particles and
grains are available in the output
Modal Mineralogy

(µm) (µm)
Quartz 46271 92.066 99.436 20.195 29.050 Si 51.04; O 48.96;
Fe (crusher) 16 0.118 0.372 47.434 70.827 Fe 100;
Fe Oxide 141 0.035 0.073 9.751 8.843 Fe 66.53; O 33.47;
Liguowuite (WO3) 76 0.008 0.023 5.001 0.000 W 78.90; O 21.10
Calcite 47 0.019 0.020 9.969 10.750 O 56.89; Ca 42.79; Mg 0.27; Fe 0.05;
Zircon 8 0.003 0.007 12.804 8.769 Zr 52.33; O 31.18; Si 16.49;
Rutile 84 0.012 0.005 6.182 3.528 O 68.42; Ti 31.58;
Average composition of each

phase based on quantified
chemistry of each classified pixel
Modal Mineralogy

Number Area % Weight %
(µm) (µm)
Quartz 46271 92.066 99.436 20.195 29.050
Fe (crusher) 16 0.118 0.372 47.434 70.827
Fe Oxide 141 0.035 0.073 9.751 8.843
Muscovite 264 0.053 0.062 8.321 6.195
Liguowuite (WO3) 76 0.008 0.023 5.001 0.000
Calcite 47 0.019 0.020 9.969 10.750
Zircon 8 0.003 0.007 12.804 8.769
Rutile 84 0.012 0.005 6.182 3.528
Chalcopyrite 2 0.001 0.001 10.591 7.906
Florencite-(Ce) 4 0.001 0.001 6.251 2.501
Monazite-(Ce) 2 0.000 0.001 7.502 3.536
Sample 1: Quartz Sand
Bright Phase Search
Montage
Montage
Bright Phase Search

26433 particles
1um EDS step size
12 hrs 00 mins
Bright Phase Search
Only bright grains of interest are analysed
ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 15

Bright Phase Search
Only bright grains of interest are analysed. A halo surrounding the bright grain is also
analysed to give association data.

Modal Mineralogy

(µm) (µm)
Quartz 21646 49.52 43.02 3.38 1.93 O 50.68; Si 49.32;
Fe (crusher) 129 10.08 25.53 8.92 25.35 Fe 100;
Liguowuite (WO3) 6844 6.27 14.57 1.96 0.99 W 79.34; O 20.66
Fe Oxide 1612 5.01 8.47 3.87 5.58 Fe 62.76; O 37.24;
Calcite 600 5.58 4.86 5.64 8.49 O 56.75; Ca 42.5; Fe 0.41; Mg 0.33; S 0.02;
Zircon 40 0.42 0.63 6.37 5.49 Zr 51.98; O 31.74; Si 16.29;
Rutile 507 1.19 0.38 3.09 2.44 O 59.25; Ti 40.75;
Florencite-(Ce) 78 0.13 0.15 2.76 2.57 O 54.64; Al 19.75; P 13.56; Si 10.84; Ce 1.21;
Chalcopyrite 9 0.05 0.07 4.04 4.88 S 35.22; Cu 34.8; Fe 29.98;
Modal Mineralogy

(µm) (µm)
Quartz 21646 49.52 43.02 3.38 1.93
Fe (crusher) 129 10.08 25.53 8.92 25.35
Liguowuite (WO3) 6844 6.27 14.57 1.96 0.99
Fe Oxide 1612 5.01 8.47 3.87 5.58
Calcite 600 5.58 4.86 5.64 8.49
Muscovite 763 2.38 2.22 4.02 4.00
Zircon 40 0.42 0.63 6.37 5.49
Rutile 507 1.19 0.38 3.09 2.44
Florencite-(Ce) 78 0.13 0.15 2.76 2.57
Chalcopyrite 9 0.05 0.07 4.04 4.88
Monazite-(Ce) 5 0.04 0.06 6.04 3.56
Contact Associations
Grain boundary contact

associations between mineral
phases
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
Quartz
30.00
20.00 Fe Oxide
10.00 Rutile
0.00
Calcite Chalcopyrite Zircon Liguowuite (WO3)
Rutile Fe Oxide Quartz

Sample 2: Zircon
Modal Mineralogy
Montage
Montage
8203 particles
10 um EDS step size
8 hrs 49 mins
Modal Mineralogy

(µm) (µm)
Ilmenite 14994 43.04 47.12 53.96 70.67 Fe 34.79; Ti 32.9; O 32.31;
Rutile (high Fe) 26426 20.16 20.69 28.72 40.21 Ti 40.97; O 37.36; Fe 21.67;
Rutile (low Fe) 18435 15.27 15.67 30.08 41.13 Ti 46.61; O 40; Fe 13.4;
Chromite 1052 13.28 14.09 147.04 83.35 Cr 32.81; O 30.13; Fe 20.91; Al 10.41; Mg 5.74;
Titanomagnetite 336 0.88 1.03 51.56 66.66 Fe 56.11; O 28.5; Ti 15.4;
Rutile 2274 0.62 0.64 18.53 19.16 Ti 57.45; O 42.49; Fe 0.06;
Ulvospinel 743 0.31 0.35 20.44 28.30 Fe 49.13; O 29.93; Ti 20.94;
Kaolinite 1546 0.36 0.21 17.69 13.57 O 53.17; Si 24.26; Al 22.57;
Quartz 529 0.18 0.11 20.17 21.17 O 52.14; Si 47.86;
Goethite 115 0.03 0.03 13.57 21.98 Fe 65.19; O 32.67; S 2.15;
Cassiterite 1 0.01 0.02 127.07 0.00 Sn 76.48; O 23.52;
Aluminian Chromite 120 0.02 0.02 12.02 5.59 Cr 50.92; O 27.44; Fe 16.03; Al 5.61;
Zircon 64 0.01 0.01 15.02 10.30 Zr 51.32; O 32.93; Si 15.75;
Allanite-(Ce) 4 0.01 0.01 100.79 69.87 O 39.31; Si 16.56; Fe 13.6; Ce 10.79; Ca 10.1; Al 8.62; La 1.02;
Hematite 8 0.01 0.01 32.06 58.45 Fe 77.13; O 22.87;
Chlorite 50 0.01 0.01 14.70 11.25 O 48.61; Si 22.31; Al 14.6; Fe 9.53; Mg 4.93; K 0.02;
Pyrite 5 0.00 0.00 26.25 29.07 Fe 58.95; S 41.05;
Modal Mineralogy

(µm) (µm)
Ilmenite 14994 43.04 47.12 53.96 70.67
Rutile (high Fe) 26426 20.16 20.69 28.72 40.21
Rutile (low Fe) 18435 15.27 15.67 30.08 41.13
Chromite 1052 13.28 14.09 147.04 83.35
Titanomagnetite 336 0.88 1.03 51.56 66.66
Rutile 2274 0.62 0.64 18.53 19.16
Ulvospinel 743 0.31 0.35 20.44 28.30
Kaolinite 1546 0.36 0.21 17.69 13.57
Quartz 529 0.18 0.11 20.17 21.17
Goethite 115 0.03 0.03 13.57 21.98
Cassiterite 1 0.01 0.02 127.07 0.00
Aluminian Chromite 120 0.02 0.02 12.02 5.59
Zircon 64 0.01 0.01 15.02 10.30
Allanite-(Ce) 4 0.01 0.01 100.79 69.87
Hematite 8 0.01 0.01 32.06 58.45
Chlorite 50 0.01 0.01 14.70 11.25
Pyrite 5 0.00 0.00 26.25 29.07
Elemental Assay and Distribution
Fe, Ti
Fe distribution
100%
Assay(Fe)% Distribution(Fe)% 90%

80%
Sample Assay 26.49 100 Other
70% Ulvospinel
Ilmenite 16.23 61.27 60%
Titanomagnetite
Rutile (high Fe) 4.45 16.81 50%
Rutile (low Fe)
Chromite 2.94 11.08 40%
Chromite
Rutile (low Fe) 2.09 7.87 30%
Rutile (high Fe)
Titanomagnetite 0.58 2.17 20%
Ilmenite
Ulvospinel 0.17 0.64 10%
Other 0.04 0.15 0%

Distribution(Fe)%
Ti distribution
Assay(Ti)% Distribution(Ti)% 100%
90%
Sample Assay 31.63 100
80% Other
Ilmenite 15.35 48.52 70% Ulvospinel
Rutile (high Fe) 8.42 26.62 60%
Titanomagnetite
Rutile (low Fe) 7.25 22.93 50%
Rutile
Rutile 0.36 1.14 40%
Rutile (low Fe)
Titanomagnetite 0.16 0.50 30%
Rutile (high Fe)
Ulvospinel 0.07 0.23 20%
Ilmenite
Other 0.02 0.06 10%
0%
Distribution(Ti)%

Area Grade Liberation
Zircon Ilmenite Rutile
Liberated 0.00 40.15 6.75
Middling 0.00 54.39 10.47
Locked 100.00 5.45 82.78
< 10% 100.00 1.15 53.88
< 20% 0.00 1.80 21.10
< 30% 0.00 2.51 7.80
< 40% 0.00 3.07 1.82
< 50% 0.00 4.53 1.68
< 60% 0.00 5.16 2.08
< 70% 0.00 7.47 1.20
< 80% 0.00 12.73 1.34
< 90% 0.00 21.53 2.35
< 100% 0.00 39.21 6.28
= 100% 0.00 0.84 0.46
ZEISS
Graph from Mineralogic Reporter 27 February 2024 Page 26
Partial Perimeter Liberation
Zircon Ilmenite Rutile
Liberated 0.00 4.98 3.11
Middling 0.00 81.13 12.76
Locked 100.00 13.89 84.13
< 10% 95.69 3.78 59.10
< 20% 4.31 4.05 16.02
< 30% 0.00 6.05 9.01
< 40% 0.00 7.70 2.99
< 50% 0.00 9.18 0.94
< 60% 0.00 13.71 0.81
< 70% 0.00 15.53 3.62
< 80% 0.00 20.21 2.40
< 90% 0.00 14.79 1.99
< 100% 0.00 4.09 2.64
= 100% 0.00 0.90 0.46
ZEISS
Graph from Mineralogic Reporter 27 February 2024 Page 27
Contact Associations
Grain boundary contact

associations between mineral
phases
90.00
80.00
70.00
Ilmenite
60.00 Rutile (low Fe)
50.00 Rutile (high Fe)
40.00 Goethite
30.00
20.00 Goethite
Rutile (high Fe)
10.00 Rutile (low Fe)
Ilmenite
0.00
Zircon Pyrite Ilmenite Rutile

Grain Size Distribution

Contents
02 Analysis Results

1. BSE image
Introduction to Mineralogic
4. Classified Image
3. Quantify Chemistry
2. EDS Spectrum
Wt. Illite Orthoclase

%
O 55.84 42.97
Si 22.65 31.06
Al 11.73 10.52
K 7.82 15.46
Mg 1.97 0.00
ZEISS Mineralogic
The Workflow
• Segmentation of image based on BSE values

1. Image identified particles for measurement
processing
• Size and shape measurement of segmented INSERT IMAGES

particles
2. Morphology
• EDS measurement and classification of

3. Quantitative phases
EDS analysis
Key Features
5 Data Acquisition Modes
o Mapping, spot centroid, feature, line scan, BSE only

o Bright phase and trace phase searching
Fully Quantitative Mineral Classifications
o Standardless or standard-based quantification

o Assigned Mineral Compositions
Advanced Textural Classifications
o Grain level morphochemical classifications

o Particle level lithology classifications
Key Features



ZEISS Mineralogic
Data Acquisition Modes
Full Mapping
Place a grid over the entire

sample and perform
quantitative EDX at each
point. Assign mineralogy to a
pixel of a user defined size
(down to nanometre scale)
Data Acquisition Modes
Full Mapping
c. 12 mm
c. 35 mm
• Highest resolution
• Pixel by pixel chemical analysis and classification
• Illuminate chemical zonations and transitions
Targeted data
acquisition
Full image processing

capability allowing
tailored searching.
Example: Bright Phase

Searching for faster data
acquisition of target
phases and their host.
Key Features



Quantifying chemistry
300 Difficult to accurately separate on spectrum shape alone!
Illite
250
Orthoclase
200
Wt.% O Mg Al Si K Fe
Illite 55.84 1.97 11.73 22.65 7.82 0
Counts
150
Orthoclase 42.97 0 10.52 31.06 15.46 0

100
Quantitative EDS measures key differences in chemical

50 abundance to accurately separate chemically similar
minerals
0
0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 4.8
keV
Discrimination of Mineral Pairs
Haematite & Magnetite
Hematite – Fe2O3 (Fe = 69.9; O = 30.06)

Magnetite – Fe3O4 (Fe = 72.3%; O = 27.6%)
Quantifying chemistry
 Quantitative EDS – classification is

based on stoichiometry with latest peak Cu:Fe:S = 35:30:35 wt%
deconvolutions and matrix corrections. (chalcopyrite)
As
>1 enargite
 Elemental ratios – quantification Sb
allows mineral classifications to be
Sb
further discriminated by relative
As
>1 famatinite
abundances of elements.
 Assigned compositions – This allows

elements to be fixed to a certain value if
known from another analysis, or the
addition of undetectable elements such
as H or B.
Key Features



ZEISS Mineralogic
Key Mineral Classification Features
Backscattered Electron Image “Mineralogic” Classified Image
Chemically identical. Vitreous Goethite

Classifications discriminate based on texture (porosity).
Ochreous Goethite
ZEISS Mineralogic
Key Mineral Classification Features
Quartz Sericite Particle level classifications

based on contained grains
and texture:
Quartz + Muscovite = Quartz Sericite

Sulphide - Ccp
Quartz + Muscovite + Porosity =

Quartz Sericite Porous Quartz Sericite Porous
Chalcopyrite
Pyrite
Tennantite
Muscovite Quartz Sericite
Quartz
Chemical heat maps
ROI showing chemical concentration variation independent of mineral classification

Chemical heat maps

Chemical heat maps

Chemical heat maps

Mineralogic Key Outputs
•Full montage of backscatter and classified images

•Individual particle images
•Bulk Mineralogy
•Elemental assay and distribution
•Pixel by pixel chemistry
•Grain and particle size and shape data
•Area and perimeter liberation data
•Contact association data
•Grade vs Recovery curves
•Size fraction reconciliation

Vanadia Mineralogic Demonstration

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ZEISS 27 February 2024

 5nA O 55.84 42.97

Analysis Type Si 22.65 31.06

 Mapping Al 11.73 10.52

ZEISS 27 February 2024

ZEISS 27 February 2024

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Area % of each phase

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Average grain size of each phase based on

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Average composition of each

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Bright Phase Search

ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 15

ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 16

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Grain boundary contact

Rutile Fe Oxide Quartz

ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 19

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Grain Size Grain Size Std Dev

Assay(Fe)% Distribution(Fe)% 90%

Other 0.04 0.15 0%

ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 25

Zircon Ilmenite Rutile

Liberated 0.00 40.15 6.75

Middling 0.00 54.39 10.47

Locked 100.00 5.45 82.78

< 10% 100.00 1.15 53.88

< 20% 0.00 1.80 21.10

< 30% 0.00 2.51 7.80

< 40% 0.00 3.07 1.82

< 50% 0.00 4.53 1.68

< 60% 0.00 5.16 2.08

< 70% 0.00 7.47 1.20

< 80% 0.00 12.73 1.34

< 90% 0.00 21.53 2.35

< 100% 0.00 39.21 6.28

= 100% 0.00 0.84 0.46

Zircon Ilmenite Rutile

Liberated 0.00 4.98 3.11

Middling 0.00 81.13 12.76

Locked 100.00 13.89 84.13

< 10% 95.69 3.78 59.10

< 20% 4.31 4.05 16.02

< 30% 0.00 6.05 9.01

< 40% 0.00 7.70 2.99

< 50% 0.00 9.18 0.94

< 60% 0.00 13.71 0.81

< 70% 0.00 15.53 3.62

< 80% 0.00 20.21 2.40

< 90% 0.00 14.79 1.99

< 100% 0.00 4.09 2.64

= 100% 0.00 0.90 0.46

Grain boundary contact

ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 28

ZEISS 27 February 2024 Page 29

ZEISS 27 February 2024

Wt. Illite Orthoclase

• Segmentation of image based on BSE values

• Size and shape measurement of segmented INSERT IMAGES