10/11/2023

ME1304: ENGINEERING DRAWING

MANUAL DRAWING

LESSON 05
CONVERSION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
VIEWS TO ISOMETRIC VIEWS

NILANI PATHINAYAKE
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

• An isometric projection is one type of pictorial projection in

which the three dimensions of a solid are not only shown in one
view, but also their dimension can be scaled from this drawing.

• “Iso” means ‘”equal‟ and “metric projection” means “a projection

to a reduced measure‟.

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• All the edges and faces of this rectangular prism are

equally inclined to the plane of projection.

• Hence the rectangular faces are seen as similar and equal

rhombuses.

• The three lines AB, AD and AE are meeting at A.

• These edges are mutually perpendicular to each other in

the solid.

• Since all these edges are equally inclined to H.P, they are
making and angle of 120o with each other in the plane of
projection; also they are equally foreshortened.

• This leads us to the problem of selecting an isometric

scale.

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Terminology
Isometric Axes:
• The lines AB, AD and AE meeting at a point A and making an angle of 120° with each other.

Isometric Lines:
• The lines parallel to the isometric axes.
• Ex. CD, CB etc.

Non-isometric Lines:
• The lines which are not parallel to isometric axes.
• Ex. BD

Isometric Planes:
• The planes representing the faces of the rectangular prism as well as other planes parallel to these planes.

Isometric scale:
• Isometric projection is drawn using isometric scale, which converts true lengths into isometric lengths (foreshortened).

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Exercise 1

Identify isometric and non-isometric planes in this figure.

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CONVERSION OF ORTHOGRPAHIC VIEWS TO ISOMETRIC

VIEWS

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Identifying the projection system

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First Angle System

Symbol:

Third Angle System

Symbol:

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Principles of orthographic views

• In first angle projection; the Front view on the above and the Top view at the
bottom are always in line vertically.

• The front view and the side view are always in line horizontally.

• Each view gives two dimensions;

• Front view  length and height,
• Top view (Plan)  length and width
• Side view  height and width.

• When the surface is parallel to a plane its projection on that plane will show its true
shape and size.

• When the surface is inclined its projection will be foreshortened.

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BOX METHOD

• The isometric projection of solids like cube, square and

rectangular prisms are drawn directly when their edges are
parallel to the three isometric axes.

• The isometric projection of all other types of prisms and cylinders

are drawn by enclosing them in a rectangular box.

• This method is called as Box method.

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Example 1

Draw the isometric projection of a

rectangular prism of base 50 mm × 10 mm
and height 75 mm, when it rests with its
base on H.P and one its of rectangular faces
is parallel to V.P

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Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

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Example 2
Draw an isometric of a Pentagonal prism of base 1.5 mm and length 2.5 mm resting
on one of its rectangular faces on H.P.

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Example 3
Draw an isometric of a regular Hexagonal Pyramid of base 1 mm and height 3
mm resting on one of its hexagonal faces on H.P.

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OFF-SET METHOD

• This method is used when the object contains irregular curved

surfaces.

• In the off-set method, the curved feature may be obtained by

plotting the points on the curve, located by the measurements
along isometric lines.

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Example 1

• The isometric view of a

hexagonal pyramid of side of
base 30 mm and height 75 mm,
when it is resting on H.P such
that an edge of the base is
parallel to V.P

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Procedure
1. Draw the top and front views of the hexagonal pyramid.
2. Enclose the hexagon in a rectangle PQRS in the top view.
3. Draw the isometric vies of the base of the pyramid in the parallogram PQRS.
4. Note that FC is an isometric line on which O1 lies. Hence mark O1 on the isometric line FC such
that FO1 = y.
5. From O1 erect a vertical line and mark the apex O such that O1O = length of the axis = 75 mm
6. Join O with all the corners of the base of the pyramid and complete the isometric as shown.

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FOUR CENTERED METHOD

Example 1

Draw an isometric of a cylinder of base 1 mm diameter and height 3 mm lying

on H.P.

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Procedure
• Join P with B and C which are the mid-points
of the opposite sides of the rhombus.
Similarly join R with A and D.
• With P as centre and PC as radius draw an
arc CB. Similarly with R as centre and RA as
radius draw an arc AD.
• The lines PC and RD intersect at O1. With O1
as centre and O1D as radius draw an arc DC.
• Similarly with O2 (intersection of RA and PB)
as centre and O2B as radius draw an arc BA.
Thus complete the ellipse.
• Refer step 1-3 in the Offset method and
complete the isometric view of the cylinder

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Exercise 2

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Exercise 3

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Exercise 4

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Exercise 5

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Exercise 6

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