Characteristics of a good research

Research is:

1. Systematic- follows an orderly and sequential procedure

2. Controlled – are kept constant
3. Empirical - direct experience or observation alone by the researcher.
4. Analytical - critical analysis of all the data
5. Critical - careful and precise judgment
6. Objective - logically based on empirical data
7. Employs hypothesis - expressly stated which are tested and not proved.
8. Employs quantitative/ statistical method - data are summarized and treated statistically.
9. Original work - data are gathered from primary sources or first hand sources
10. Done by expert - uses valid and carefully designed procedures
11. Accurate - must be done accurately
12. Patient - be conducted with care patience.
13. Effort - requires the exertion of much work and time.
14. Courage - oftentimes undergo hazards
15. Cyclical -
16. Methodical
17. Replicable
18. Timeliness

A good researcher has :

1. Intellectual curiosity
2. Prudence
3. Healthy criticism
4. Intellectual honesty
5. Research-oriented
6. Efficient
7. Scientific
8. Effective
9. Active/accurate
10. Resourceful
11. Creative/curious
12. Honest
13. Economical
14. Religious
Objective of research:
1. Gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it
2. portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation
3. determine the frequency with which something occurs
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship

Importance of research:

1. Synthesis of knowledge (research, theory, and experiences)

2. Accountability for critical decisions
3. Research expands existing knowledge
4. Gaining new knowledge to improve current situation

Values of research to man:

1. Research has improved the quality of life.

2. Research has improved the quality of education.
3. Research has improved students achievements.
4. Research has satisfied man’s need
5. Research has reduced the burden of work
6. Research as deep-seated psychological aspects.
7. Research has improved exportation of food products.

Motivation of research

1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits

2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems
3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
4. Desire to be of service to society
5. Desire to get respectability
6. Directives of the government
7. Employment conditions
8. Curiosity about new things
9. Desire to understand causal relationships.
10. Social thinking and awakening
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND APPROACHES

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

1. QUALITATIVE (Qualify Characteristics)

2. QUANTITATIVE (Quantify Characteristics)
3. MIXED METHODS

Qualitative

1. understanding your surroundings

2. collection of non-numeric data
3. systematic, interactive, and subjective approach
4. exploring depth, richness and complexity inherent
5. explores phenomenon that are not easily identifiable
6. consists of open-ended interviews
7. a subjective approach to describe life experiences and situations

Quantitative approach

non experimental

1. Descriptive
2. Associational (Correlational, Causal, Comparative)

experimental

1. Pre-Experimental
2. Quasi-Experiment
3. True Experimental (pretest-posttest, posttest only, Solomon four group, complete random
block design)

Mixed Method

1. It is the collection of both The data are collected concurrently or sequentially

2. They are given a priority
3. It involves the integration of data at one or more stages
Types of Research

Qualitative

1. Historical Research
- focused in the past
Steps
- Collection of data
- Criticism of the data collected
- Presentation of the facts in readable form
Sources
- Memo
- Circulars
- Constitution
- Laws
- Charters
- Court decisions
- histories of education
- bibliographies
- encyclopedias
2. Ethnography
3. Case Study
4. Phenomenology
5. Grounded Theory
6. Discourse Analysis