Ebuildersline Aug 2016 LR

A Housing & Construction Magazine
`50
www.buildersline.in E Publication Only August 2016
Lifting of Structures By
Jacking Technologies to
Operation
reduce Injury in
Vehicle-related
accidents
Useful Tips for

Better Soil
Compaction
Methods of
Concrete
Crack Repair
TeleHandlers
Reaching
New Levels
Olympia Group A Transparent

WTC invests Building
Transportation Rs. 100 crore to Chicago Museum
Hub opens launch Proposal for
in New york Transparent
2 new commercial
projects Structural
Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 2
+ 91 94875 12566
Ph: 04255 - 265507
CONTENTS
August 2016
ARTICLE & ANALYSIS

08
14 acking
Lifting of A Transparent Building
Structures by
OMA’s elevated LCAM
chicago museum
J
Operation
12
A Curve Bridge over River,
10
Rail track and Road
20
Technologies to save
Lives & reduce
Injury & risk in
Vehicle-related accidents
44
20 Methods of Concrete
Crack Repair
Article by T.S.Murthy
48
TeleHandlers
Reaching New Levels
Telehandler features that enhance
on-site productivity and utilization
ALSO IN THIS ISSUE 24. WTC Transportation construction in India 12 Impora-

Hub opens in New york tant Stages of Home Construc-
10. Olympia Group invests 38. Fantastic formwork
tion
Rs. 100 crore to launch Formwork Failures And Safety 34. Tenants’ rights and obli-
2 new commercial projects Measures gations - In the law, there is a
22. Tips for Soil Better Com- 42. The law on pet owners in
lot of protections for Tenants, at
paction - Effective road-building the same time a tenant should
Apartments
preparation is essential to a solid have done Obligations described
project 56. Different stages of House by The law..
A Housing & Construction Magazine
44 August 2016 Volume 2 Issue 2
PUBLICATION PAGE
Methods of Various
Concrete Repairs
Publisher & E.Udayakumar

Managing Editor
12
Editor P.Subramanyam
98417 43851
buildersline@gmail.com
A Curve Bridge over Rver,

Rail track and Road ( 3R) Tecinical consultants Er. A.P.Arul Manikkam , M.E, M.I.E,
Prof. Dr. T.S.Thandava Murthy
Content Contribution Sreenivasa Hassan Jayaram
(India) Manager-Projects, Jones Lang LaSalle India,
Mr. Balamuraliarumugam, ME.(Struct) MIE
Mr. Atul Khannan, P.E., BSCP, Bd.
Mr. Kars P Drenth ,P.E., BSCP, Bd.
Mr. Shri Rajib Basu Mallick, ME.(Struct) MIE
34
Dr. R. Manisekar , ME.(Struct)
Dr. Ravande Kishore
Content Contribution Mr. Richard Paradis, P.E., BSCP, Bd. Urugeve

Tenants’ rights and obligations (Abroad) MR. Jonathan Jones, New Jersy
Mr. Jumeirah, Project manager, UAE
Mr. Chris Opfer , Newzealand
Mr.J. Rodriguez, Urugeve
Graphic Designer P.S.M
24 Finance
Accounts
Admin
Mrs. Chandra Udayakumar
K.Kavitha
T. Sujatha Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 7
WTC Transportion hub opens Production D. Ramesh Babu
in Newyork Marketing M.Sumitra
Front Office M.Malathi
Office Assistants M. Daspraksh,
Advertisement Mob : 88259 91977
Regular Impacts E-Subscription Mob : 88254 79234
26. Expert Speacks

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KARISSA
A Transparent Building
OMA’s elevated LCAM chicago museum

proposal wrapped in transparent ETFE
I
nternational architecture studio
OMA put forward their propos-
al for the lucas cultural arts museum
by its breadth, its grandness swamped
by the bombast of its neighbor.’
a range of activities and in turn, evolves
into a social space that engages the pub-
lic to share and create.
Lled by architect shohei shigematsu,
(LCAM) that would’ve been sited in chi- OMA‘s proposal creates a vertical gallery The ETFE membrane is frited to
cago, america. the museum would be on the site and an atrium tower that el- accept projections both from within and
dedicated to the art and design of sto- evates the traditional, horizontal galleries from the outside. inside the sky park, pro-
rytelling through a combination of three that accommodate LCAM’s three collec- jections can be used as an integral part
collections: illustration and storytelling tions. the tower suspends the galleries of larger displays and presentations. the
art; digital art and art in motion—com- above the city, but also connects them museum’s theater and lecture spaces are
plemented by educational and outreach to it. lifting the main galleries enables the located at the base of the tower, allow-
programs. site below to be preserved as a new ur- ing for separate ground level entry and
It is a museum that aims to be po- ban park, while simultaneously providing expansion to the museum park at ground
rous and open. spread across the site, the maximum flexibility within the horizontal level.
museum’s program would claim a vast gallery plate itself. A series of escalators lead visitors
swath of land at the waterfront, while si- this membrane—a cloud of ETFE up to the gallery levels and lifted sky park
multaneously appearing as a supplicant pillows—creates a sheltered, lifted public above. from these levels, elevators pre-
to the enormity of soldier field. tied to the space for chicago (sky park). like a park, it senting views of the vertical gallery show
ground, the building in this form is neither is freely accessible like an urban plaza, it visitors to the offices, event space and
iconic nor civic; its generosity is thwarted is a flexible territory that accommodates observation deck at the top of the tower.
lifted, the building offers eight times the
public space it occupies.
The park space that surrounds the
building—a flexible surface that can ac-
commodate both grasses and parking.
the museum park can be used for a range
of public events and activities, casting the
building as the backdrop for new pro-
grams for local residents of the neighbor-
hoods throughout chicago.
Olympia Group invests
Rs. 100 crore to launch
2 new commercial projects
Photo Caption: From Left to Right - Ajit Chordia, MD, Olympia
Group and Chandhrakant Kankaria, Director, Olympia Group.
O
lympia Group, one of South India’s leading develop-
ers, announced the launch of two new commercial
projects in Chennai with a total investment of Rs. 100 crores.
in Chennai resulted in a quarter-on-quarter rental appreciation.
Looking at the demand trend over the last five years, corporate
occupier interest remained upbeat according to the report.
Olympia TEKNOS and Olympia National which are located at “Over the years thanks to our presence in Guindy, we have
Guindy SIDCO Industrial Estate, totally covering a 1, 82, 000 observed a huge demand for commercial space in this area”,
sq. ft. Along with the expansion at Olympia Tech Park with a said Mr. Ajit Chordia, Managing Director, Olympia Group. “This
new floor of around 120,000 sq ft – Olympia Group would bring demand is primarily due to the easy access to different modes
in 300,000 sq ft plus of premium Commercial space to Chennai of transport, residential areas, social infra and proximity to job-
by 2017. Mr. Ajit Chordia, Managing Director, Olympia Group generating industrial clusters. Looking at the demand for high
and Mr. Chandrakant Kankaria, Director, Olympia Group also quality commercial space in Guindy, we at Olympia wanted to
announced that both the commercial projects would be green capitalize on the opportunity and fill the gap with Olympia Tek-
certified by Indian Green Building Council. nos, Olympia National Towers and the expansion at Olympia
Situated just half a kilometer from the Guindy metro sta- Tech Park”
tion and about six kilometers from the airport, Olympia TEK- “We have seen an overwhelming response from our current
NOS is a 1, 11, 500 square feet 10 storied commercial project. tenants who would like to expand their business in close proxim-
Olympia National on the other hand is a 70,500 sq ft, 10 storied ity to our flagship IT Park Olympia Techpark and Olympia Platina.
commercial project, which is about one kilometer away from The launch of Olympia TEKNOS and Olympia National have also
Olympia TEKNOS within the Industrial Estate. stemmed from the same demand” added Mr. Chordia.
According to a recent CBRE report - India Office mar- Mr Chandrakant Kankaria, Director – Olympia Group
ket view - Q1, 2016, major office hubs in Chennai such as added “It will be our endeavor to provide quality and fu-
Guindy continue to attract corporate, especially from the IT/ ture readiness in every aspect of this commercial real estate
ITeS, BFSI and insurance, engineering and manufacturing sec- development – right from material, technology, design, time-
tors. Increased corporate occupier demand in quality IT and lines, delivery and after lease services… Our ambition is to
ITES projects at Guindy, Velachery, Perungudi and Taramani exceed expectations.” he added.
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KARISSA
Demolition work is set to start in los

angeles, where a new viaduct will take
the place of the original sixth street bridge
built in 1932 — owing to deterioration
caused by a chemical reaction in the con-
crete. designed by michael maltzan, the
scheme also forms an urban park, uniting
the boyle heights community to the east
and the arts district and downtown to the
west. the design is the product of an inter-
national competition led by the city of los
angeles bureau of engineering.
working alongside engineers HNTB,
maltzan developed the design to ac-
commodate a range of transport. con-
sequently, the viaduct incorporates sig-
nificant new bicycle connections, and also
increases connectivity for pedestrian ac-
cess, not only at its endpoints, but along
the entirety of the structure.
the 3,500 foot (1,067 meter) viaduct is defined by ten
A Curve Bridge
pairs of repeated concrete arches, rising and falling along the
north and south edges of the bridge as it extends from east
to west. the arches incline outward from a deck, which is sus-
over River, Rail
track and Road
work set to start on Ar. michael
maltzan’s sixth street viaduct in
los angeles which crossed over
River, Rail track and Road.
pended from the cable lattice at its perimeter. below, the
structure’s generous spans create large open spaces that

form recreational green areas.
five pedestrian stairways along the length of the via-
duct connect the bridge with the ground, a strategy that
promotes a more significant degree of urban connectivity.
under the eastern portion of the viaduct, a wide range of
public activities occupy what was once a purely industrial
zone. finally, a sloping path links the river to a future arts
plaza at the terminus of the viaduct. construction work is
underway as of february 2016, with the viaduct scheduled
to complete in 2019.
Project info:
location: los angeles, california
type: new viaduct and urban park
size: 3,500 feet (1,067 meters)
status: anticipated completion 2019
Step by Step
Procedure to
Lift a Building
Lifting of Structures by
Jacking Operation
After moderinse
the Building Lifting
F irst, we can start up from Boundary of the structure which should have
been lifted by jocky.
Boundary Stones
technology, nowa- The work comprises of supplying and fixing boundary stones as per designs
and Specifications given in IRC: 25 “Type Designs for Boundary Stones” and at loca-
days we need not tions indicated in the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
demolish the Structure Lifting or raising is the process of separating a structure from its
foundation and temporarily raising it with hydraulic or screw jacks. The process
buildings when they is the first step in structure relocation in which the building is moved to a different
go to down areas.. location. Structure raising may also be a part of a renovation to build a foundation
under an existing structure or make a structure larger by building a new floor level
creating a two storey structure. Once a structure is raised and supported on cribs,
a new foundation can be constructed beneath it. After Chennai flood in Dec 2015,
Here the extreme analyse large numbers of structure are being raised to avoid future flooding.
and workings of Building
Structure raising is a major task. All the utilities must be disconnected and
lifting Technology
reconnected, truckloads of dirt must be excaved, and concrete walls need to be
Colonel. Er. P Nallathambi ME (Struct)
By opting for this cheap and effective
method, they have saved lakhs of
rupees and their valuable time.
There are many lifters available in
the market to lift the structures. It is has
become a common feature especially
in low lying areas to lift your home and
make sure that you are protected against
flood. This entire process however, is a
very tedious and risky job and should be
handled only by professionals.
Most of the time, such a task is
completed by a team of certified profes-
sionals who know how to use the equip-
ments and those that have experience
in handling such a project. You should
therefore hire the right people for the job
and get the job done by them.
Situations that demands the struc-
tures to be raised are:
(a) Initially the building was con-
structed without basement. Since,
basements significantly increase prop-
erty values, and they provide additional
storage and living space for occupants,
it is necessary at later stage for the oc-
cupants.
(b) When the foundation is in need
poured. The actual lifting of the structure required long, steel I-beams and hydrau- of repair.
lic jacks. It is possible to lift a structure rapidly, however, in certain situations, to (c) Flood protection needs to be
avoid damage to drywall, the building might be lifted as little as 50-75mm per day. added after a structure is built by raising
A home owner can expect to pay up to 10 lakhs to raise their 1,200-square-foot or lifting. The situation demand perma-
house by a few feet, and older homes may be more difficult to lift, as they typically nent remedy by raising the basement
weigh more because of their plaster construction. After being raised, the building above the water table.
is held in place by support cribs till the completion of the project. The idea of hiring (d) Excessive settlement need to
workers to crawl beneath a precariously hanging 40 to 80 ton structure may call up be offset by structure lifting.
Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 15

dangerous scenarios. (e) Structure lifting is done to
If your house is below the street level and sewage water regularly flows in, move and rotate the structure for aes-
relocation is not the best solution. With today’s technology you can easily raise the thetic purposes.
level of your house. And that too without any risk at all. It’s time to save money For instance, buildings are some-
and live in the same home which you are used to living in. Houses that are put up times rotated to avoid the unpleasant-
in low-lying areas often face a big issue. There is a solution to this problem and it ness of nearby highways or commercial
would be house lifting. Masonry houses are more difficult to lift, primarily because structures. Houses may also be rotated
of their design, construction, and weight, but lifting these homes are also possible. to fine-tune when and where different
Rebuilding involves great amount of money, time and materials. This is not parts of the house receive sunlight.
possible for everyone. More over people has emotional attachment with their The various jacking systems,
buildings. Today citizens are facing various problems like entering of sewage wa- equipments and machineries used for
ter during rains due to lowering down on road levels. Rain water directly enters structure lifting are:
in to the house & shop and destroys the property & create great nuisance. If your
house is below the road level and you have no clue as how to raise its level without (a) Flat jacks – temporary and
rebuilding, it, there are people who specialized in lifting and shifting the houses permanent grout filled;
without any damage and raising their level with the help of Jacks. This scientific (b) Hydraulic jacking & Electronic
technique has helped many people. and associated accessories for Lift-
ing, Lowering and pre-loading of steelwork and temporary
propping;
(c) Synchronized lifting equipment such as bridge jack- Commercial Renovation
ing and sliding systems; When your business needs more space there are
(d) Hydraulic cylinders; several solutions that we can help with. It is possible to
(e) Temporary propping systems; lift the roof of your structure up to give you added height.
(f) Structural and geodetic monitoring equipment Whether you have a residential type building or a large
warehouse roof, then the roof is lifted up 1 foot or 10 feet
to give you as much space as you can use.
House-Lifting Technology could save homes
Hundreds of condemned homes could be saved
if new house-lifting technology proves a success. The (g) Structural and bridge bearing replacement
technology had the potential to save hundreds of (h) Grout bags used for underpinning
homes that had been deemed beyond repair. The cost (i) Single & multi-strands jacking
of using the technology was about half of what it would (j) Weighing, load and pile testing
cost to rebuild. It does have the potential to save a lot
Hydraulic Gantries
of money.
For complex and heavy lifting jobs in limited space, hydrau-
The system is capable of lifting buildings up to 3
lic gantries are extremely well suited. Their compact construc-
meters high, with unimpeded access under the building.
tion enables them to lift large and heavy loads in place with ex-
The foundations of the building can be broken up and
tremely low floor-to-ceiling height. Hydraulic gantries are also
removed with small excavators. The natural ground
used to turn a load in the air, for instance when machinery and
can then be stabilized if required and a new foundation parts arrive horizontally on a truck and must be placed upright
or concrete slab installed. The building is then simply inside a hall.

lowered back on to the new foundation and secured. It
Jacking
takes about 14 days to lift a 200-squaremeter house,
remove and replace the damaged foundation slab and Jacking with hydraulic cylinders can move vertically and
lower the building. It’s an extremely fast process. support constructions and machines with a millimeter accuracy.
It can be used where limited space is available any underneath
Adding Head Room to Your Basement / the machine. Using a wide variety of jacks, hydraulic pumps
Crawlspace and heavy duty rollers you can move any type of structures.
If you live in a house with only a 6’ basement, a
Step by Step Procedure to Lift a Building
partial basement or even just a crawlspace, than this
service could be an excellent choice for you. In this 1.Study the building with respect to its structural arrangement
case there are two different options or combinations such as type and depth of foundations, plinth beams, column and
that can happen. Option number one is to raise your wall layout, depth of water table, soil conditions etc.
house to an elevation that gives you the desired head 2.Prepare a detailed plan including jacking locations, struc-
room in your basement area. Option number two is tural connection details after raising the structure, repairing
to support your house right where it is and excavate methods etc.
below it for the desired basement space. Any combi- 3.Excavate the trench of 3 feet depth and 2 feet width all around
nation of those two options is possible. the building to expose the foundation of the structure.
4. Place the jacks at suitable position below the wall/plinth
(b) Hire a qualified engineer for indications that
the raising process did not degrade the house’s
structural integrity.
(c) Anticipate and plan around the impact that
the structure raising will have on the neighbor-
hood.
(d) Check on height restrictions. Limit the
height restrictions set by the local authorities
who approve the construction.
(e) Remove the moveable items such as fur-
niture, stores and temporary construction before
lifting process.
(f) Be sure that all power, gas and electrical
connections are not only shut off, but discon-
nected before jacking operation.
beam, at a regular interval over proper support to transfer the Concrete Slab Floors
load to soil. Although concrete slab floors seem to be immovable,
5. Insert requires size of steel joist between wall/plinth beam it is possible to lift and move many structures including their
and the jacks to transfer the structure load to jacks. concrete floors. For a residence or a business; if the building
6. Cut the column/walls using suitable diamond cutter and is nice inside and you can’t afford to be out of it long at all, we
make the foundation is free from taking loads after the struc- can lift the slab floor right up with the building. Once lifted,
ture is fully supported by the jacks. there must be at least a 4’ crawl space built under it and per-
7.Operate the jacks simultaneously and raise the structure manent steel beams west underneath it every 5’ for support.
slowly without causing cracks in the wall/plinth beams. Very The alternate to lifting the slab floor would be to lift the house
small slope shall be maintained to avoid structural failure in up off of the slab.
any part of the structure. This would require the entire lower floor of the house to
8. Desired height is raised (Maximum one/two feet). Place be emptied (lower cabinets, furniture, appliances, bathroom
the brick wall, or steel joist to fill the raised gap to support the fixtures, etc.) and the steel lifting beams to be installed through
wall/plinth beam. Now, suitable joining is prepared using steel the frame walls at approximately 3’ to 4’ above the floor. Once
members or composite members to transfer the load from the house is lifted, the foundation walls can be built up and a
jacks to foundations. new wood floor system built. Then the house will be set back
9. Lower the jack slowly and transfer the load to the build- down onto the wood floor system. This will require a signifi-
ing foundations. cant amount of remodeling (dry walling, painting, etc) to be
10. Plaster the wall and complete the finishing works for done on the lower 4’ of the walls.
ready for occupation. A Case study on Lifting Railway Over Bridge (ROB) at Ko-
zhikode
Additional considerations for the owner during lifting

of structures are: A RCC bridge located at the Kozhikode yard, Shoranur
(a) The conditions of the foundation must be carefully as- – Mangalore section of Palakkad division of southern railway
sessed. If it’s cracked, it might need to be fixed before the was jacked up during May 2014. The RCC bowstring bridge
structure is raised. of 28.5m long span for all the five tracks was constructed in
1960s. The minimum vertical clearance for electrifying the
line is 6.25m but available height was 4.69m.
Adding Another Story As the rail traffic can not be stopped, the option of con-
Many people don’t realize that adding a second or
structing new bridge was not viable and un economical. The
third story under a lifted house can be a viable option. This
lifting of bridge for a desired height was completed in five
option means that you don’t have to waste time and money
days without disturbing the rail traffic and saved more than 10
in removing and rebuilding a perfectly good roof as well as
crores to the railways.
cleaning or remodeling the story under the roof. It is possi-
ble to lift the existing structure up 9’ to 12’ to just above the There are many firms offering their services for lifting of
new desired height. A new wood floor system is then built structures. Few of them are:
on the existing foundation walls and exterior frame walls set (a) Shri Ram Building Service Pvt. Ltd, Based at
in place. Once all the bearing points are in place, then set Haryana (India).
the house down onto the newly constructed first floor. (b) Mamchand and Sons, Hariyana.
Technologies to
adapt this technology and improve the
capabilities of existing proximity detec-
tion systems.
saveLives & reduce The goal of all these technologies,

of course, is to eliminate injury and
death to workers and to protect some
Injury & risk in very expensive property.

Construction Sites are Trickier than
Vehicle-related accidents
Highways
Many people in the construction in-
dustry wonder why it is taking so long to
get the adaptive safety technology that
by Matt Wood
comes standard with most passenger
cars inside heavy-duty vehicles.
A
s Construction Business Own-
er noted in its January 2016
issue, United States residential and
Coming Soon: ADAS
Vehicle safety is one of the major
concerns of all construction companies.
Besides the fact that most of these
vehicles roll on wheels, there are very
few similarities between them. Unlike
commercial construction combined is Those who have driven a car manufac- passenger vehicles that spend most of
expected to grow from 5 to 9 percent in tured in the last couple of years have their time driving forward in well-marked
2016, and heavy infrastructure spend- seen for themselves how far vehicle lanes, construction machinery can and
ing is expected to grow approximately 8 safety has evolved. does drive virtually anywhere.
percent from $312.6 billion in 2015. Not Developments in Advanced Driv- Construction equipment spends as
exactly a boom, but not a bust either. er Assistance Systems (ADAS) have much time in reverse as going forward.
Given these growth predictions, now is brought adaptive cruise control, lane These machines are driven through dirty
a good time for construction companies departure warnings, proximity informa- worksites and extreme weather condi-
to look for ways to operate more effi- tion, heads-up displays, rear backing tions, and are routinely cleaned with
ciently. safety and active noise cancellation— high-pressure steam washers. They
As it has in other industries, new and this is only the beginning. operate in high noise and vibration en-
technology has a lot to offer in this re- Companies that develop safety vironments. Many pieces of equipment
gard. technologies specifically for construc- like haul trucks and wheel loaders can
tion equipment are working hard to dwarf passenger vehicles.
Additionally, nearly all construction
machines have significant blind zones.
Workers can be anywhere on the jobsite
and, in many cases, they will be working
in and around these blind zones.
Technology Creates a More Efficient
Safety Baseline
Even as this new technology
makes its way into the construction
industry, construction business profes-
sionals need to demand new baseline
standards for safety solutions.
Technology now available can dra-
matically reduce accidents and human
injury and death. For that reason, safety
technology now being installed on con-
struction equipment should, at a mini-
mum, be able to:
Function in harsh environments
without failure. Mechanical and electri-
cal hardening techniques already in ex-
istence make this baseline achievable.
Detect all human beings within
proximity of equipment—whether they
are moving or stationary. Sensors must
detect humans consistently.
Function in environments with high
vibration and noise levels. This is critical,
“active driver assistance” with both vi- This is especially true with respect to
given that many collision avoidance sys-
sual and audible alerts. correctly identifying humans in proxim-
tems in passenger vehicles utilize ultra-
sonic sensors, which can be diminished Mitigate Incidents Involving Hu- ity to construction vehicles.
or defeated by the extreme levels of vi- mans Detection systems must be able to
bration or noise. This is unacceptable for Many in construction may assume identify humans regardless of their pos-
construction equipment. that all modern object detection systems ture or clothing, any of which can render
Integrate camera vision systems can meet these baseline standards. them invisible to less accurate detection
with object detection sensors to deliver Unfortunately, that is not the case. systems. And many object detection
systems do not identify objects within

the first 2 or 3 feet.
Solutions Will Come from Inside the
Industry
The harsh, chaotic conditions on
jobsites create a major challenge for
companies that develop advanced
safety systems. These solutions will not
come from technologies geared toward
passenger vehicles.
This is a challenge best suited for
the manufacturers that live and breathe
heavy-duty equipment; manufacturers
who have experience building solutions
that can withstand the heat, cold, dirt,
vibrations and noise of the typical con-
struction jobsite.
¨Á¶ ÷_ÈVº>VÏ
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Matt Wood serves as the vice
T|
president of Worldwide Sales at Consider total cost of ownership
Preco Electronics. His mission is over the life of the machine when se-
to deliver valuable safety tech- lecting product. High-quality equipment
nologies to heavy-duty industries that lasts the life of the machine will cost
and he is passionate about shar- less in the long run. Support open tech-
ing Preco’s collision mitigation of- nology so construction safety solutions
ferings so companies can perform have the ability to integrate with other
with greater confidence and peace equipment technologies, such as tele-
of mind. Visit preco.com. matics, data recorders and mobile DVR
systems. √∑Á\¬ Ô‚Ω¶D
Business Owners Are the Leaders in Beam Me Up, Scotty
Tech-Driven Safety Market Construction companies have a
√Á¶©√m ÷©√Ω?
Many safety solutions that incorpo- great deal to gain with the introduction
rate new technology are available today of the new object detection and colli-
to be retrofitted on existing construction sion mitigation technologies currently
machines. Making them standard on all available in passenger cars. It is hard to
new equipment will require action from imagine that someday the very concept
construction management. At both the of vehicle-related accidents may be a

retrofit and OEM levels, input is required relic of the past.
from construction business owners to Every step taken as an industry to
drive the adoption of the best possible reduce injury, death and damage will
safety solutions. These considerations
include the following:
bring many happy returns. New tech-
nologies will save lives, reduce injury
AmT|
Make it clear to suppliers that you
want and will pay for this new construc-
and risk (and, in some cases, insurance
premiums).
Ô‚¶ÈV\V?
tion safety technology. After all, it makes They will improve driver efficiency,
very good business sense to invest an reduce downtime and enable compa-
ounce for protection now to avoid a nies to retain valued employees. And, J[Æ A]B
pound of trouble in the near future.
Understand that different vehicles
because of all these benefits, they will
enable construction companies to im-
√z]Ô^
will require different configurations— prove productivity and profits. With
there is no one-size-fits-all solution for continued industry growth, construc-
safety technology. So ensure the chosen tion companies can look forward to an
system is configurable to the specific ve- increasingly accident-free, efficient and
hicle and application. profitable future.
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¹¼Í=<¹7B@0Ã¤¾>7@H¼<@Ð?=V%ÐÐ? Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 23
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WTC
Transportation
Hub opens in
New york Access inside the building is gained
from church and greenwich streets
I
n 2004, santiago calatrava unveiled his design for
the world trade center transportation hub: a perma-
nent facility for lower manhattan, located immediately to
fulton street transit center. indoor pedestrian access is also
provided to brookfield place — an adjacent retail and office
complex — as well as WTC towers 1, 2, 3, and 4.
the east of where the twin towers once stood. now, over comprised of steel ribs and glass, the centerpiece of
ten years later, the vast project is welcoming its first com- the development is the ‘oculus’ — an elliptical free-standing
muters. the scheme, which reportedly cost almost $4 bil- structure designed to evoke the image of a bird being re-
lion USD to complete, replaces the original PATH rail system leased from a child’s hands. ribs extend to create two cano-
that was destroyed on september 11th, 2001. the building pies over the north and south portions of the plaza. rafters
connects to new york city subway trains as well as the new spring from two 350 foot arches, between which, an operable
The scheme aims to be fully

operational by the end of 2016
The elongated aperture opens on
temperate days, as well as annually
on september 11th Image
ribs extend to create two canopies over the

north and south portions of the plaza
and lower retail concourse levels. the lower of which is ap-

proximately 34 feet (10 meters) below street level, and 160
feet (49 meters) below the apex of the operable skylight. the
column-free elliptical space measures 350 feet (107 meters)
— roughly the same length as a soccer field.
west of the subway — 8 feet (2.4 meters) below the
lower concourse — is the PATH hall, an area which provides
ticketing, fare control and other services for access to PATH
trains. similar to the transit hall and the oculus, this area of
skylight frames a sliver of the new york sky. this elongated
aperture opens on temperate days, as well as annually to
mark the anniversary of september 11th. the space allows
natural daylight to fill the hub, filtering down towards the
PATH train platform 60 feet below the street.
access inside the building is gained from church and
greenwich streets, while entry stair landings cantilever
over the large below grade piazza called ‘the transit hall’.
escalators, elevators and stairs provide access to the upper
The scheme reportedly cost nearly Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 25
$4 billion USD to complete
the design is defined by a series of parallel steel ribs that

provide an undulating ceiling plane. the resultant column-
free spans facilitate comfort, orientation and enhanced se-
curity. meanwhile, openings in the floor provide a spatial
connection between the platforms and the ceiling of the
PATH hall.
trains have been using the hub since may 2015, but
many areas of the project have remained inaccessible to
commuters. the scheme aims to be fully operational by the
end of 2016.
Entry stair landings cantilever over the
large below grade plaza
P Vincent T. H. CHU
A
R
T
12
Expert Speaks..
Useful Questions & Answers on Practical Civil Engineering Works
Concrete Structure
62. What is the application of inverted si-

phons? What are the disadvantages of using in-
verted siphons?
Inverted siphons are designed at locations in which a
sewer system is blocked by underground utilities or storm-
water drains. They are sometimes called depressed sew-
ers because it is claimed that there is no actual siphon ac-
tion. They connect the upstream and downstream sewers
with U-shaped vertical alignment such that they are always the flow enters into a region of higher pressure. This pro-
running full. duces a high dynamic pressure which causes damage to
the pipelines due to its high frequency.
The drawbacks of inverted siphons are:
64. When a drainage system (i.e. u-channels
(i) They induce additional head loss to the sewer system
with catchpits) is connected to a main drainage
which is undesirable in hydraulic performance;

channel, a segment of short pipe is used. What is
(ii) U-shaped siphons create sediment accumulation the reason of such arrangement?
problem and previous experience showed that inverted si-
There are three scenarios of such connection arrange-
phons were easily blocked due to siltation;
ment: (a) a new drainage system is connected to an ex-
(iii) Maintenance of invert siphons is difficult due to its isting drainage channel (b) an existing drainage system is
inaccessibility. connected to a new drainage channel (c) a new drainage
63. What is the mechanism of cavitation in system is connected to a new drainage channel.
pipes and drains?
Cavitation refers to the formation of air bubbles in fluid
in low-pressure condition which is lower than the saturation
pressure. It is a potentially damaging condition in which the
fluid in pipes or sewers is at high velocities. By Bernoulli’s
Equation, at high flow velocities, the pressure head of fluid
is reduced accordingly. As the fluid pressure is less than
saturation pressure, dissolved gases are released from
the fluid and these air bubbles will suddenly collapse when Short pipe.
P
A
R
12
T Expert Speaks..
For all scenarios, what engineers consider is the total
amount of differential settlement or lateral movement to be
encountered between the drainage system and main drain-
age channel. For scenario (b) and (c), it is very likely that
substantial differential settlement will occur and this will
cause damage to the connecting concrete pipes. Therefore
a segment of short pipes are designed so that they serve
to provide flexibility to the pipes in case of uneven settle-
ment occurring between drainage system and main drain-
age channels.
65. What are the functions of bedding under
stormwater drains?
Bedding, which are normally made of granular materi-
als or concrete, serves four main functions as suggested by
O. C. Young and J. J. Trott:
(i) To enhance a uniform support under pipes in order to
reduce the bending moment longitudinally;
(ii) To increase the load-supporting strength of the
pipes;
(iii) For pipes with spigot and socket joints, it enables
pipes to be supported along pipe
lengths instead of pipe sockets. Otherwise, uneven 66. In designing sewer pipes, why are vitrified
stress may be induced and it may damage the pipes; clay pipes commonly used for pipe size less than
600mm while precast concrete pipes with PVC
(iv) To provide a platform for achieving correct align-
lining is used for pipe size exceeding 600mm?
ment and level during and after construction.
The market price of vitrified clay pipes is generally
less than that of precast concrete pipes with PVC lining.
Therefore, for small size of pipes (pipe diameter less than
600mm) it is more economical to use vitrified clay pipes.
However, vitrified clay pipes do suffer from the problem
of brittleness and its effect is even severe for larger size
of pipes.
Moreover, it is rather time consuming to deliver clay
pipes products because the majority of them are manufac-
tured in Europe. Hence, for larger size of sewer pipes (di-
ameter more than 600mm) it is customary to use precast
concrete pipes with PVC lining
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OFFICE:
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Chennai -- 600029.
600029 Salavakkam, Chengalpet,
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knancipuram dist.

Miriam Sitz
House of the Month : Architectural Record
Willard
Street House
Flemington, Australia
Carlos Jimenez Studio
Houston
Rear View of the House
An urban home creates a micro-community in the heart of the

city - Miriam Sitz narrates about tho house of the month
“These old bungalows had an insightful way
of carving out a community in a sprawling city like
Houston,” says architect Carlos Jimenez, look-
ing down Willard Street in the eccentric inner-loop
neighborhood Montrose, where new site-maximizing
townhouses threaten to outnumber the original single-
family cottages. “Their porches create a collective,
a way of understanding a city street. We have to
reinterpret that in contemporary ways.” On the block
where he works and lives, the architect has created a
“small urban community of three,” comprised of his
own home, his architecture studio with an attached Trungsten in the bricks lends a lavender
apartment, and, most recently, a new residential - gray hue
project.
Jimenez designed the 3,000-square-

foot, wood-framed, two-unit house for a
longtime friend on the lot next to his archi-
tecture studio. The building’s slate-colored
brick facade rises above a trellis-like curtain
of aluminum infill panels that form the door
for Jimenez’s sophisticated take on a car-
port. (“Garages create bad habits,” he says.
“You start accumulating too many things
when they’re out of sight.”) Breezes pass
through the south-facing metal scrim, which,
when retracted, reveals a wide connection
from the street to gardens that wrap around
the side and back of the house. A gate of the
Architecht’s Diary
In the loft-like space upstirs, a pinating by Houston

artist Susie Rosmarin the dining table
Obscured by hanging doors on runners, a nook built

into the exterios turns space below the interior staicase
into hidden storage
lines and refined material choices throughout—terrazzo

flooring, Portuguese travertine countertops—unify the
minimalist interiors.
Through strategic window placement, Jimenez
curated the views to engage with the outdoors while
maintaining privacy. “It’s a void of landscape and color,”
same panels encloses the passage to the front door, he says, noting how a low, wide window on the western
providing an added measure of security while pre- wall of the upstairs kitchen looks out on an elm tree and
serving a sense of openness. the cornflower blue cinderblock wall of his studio next
door. According to Jimenez, “Windows are opportunities
The linear two-story house’s lower and upper to make you forget the architecture.”
units (occupied part time by the client and his son,

respectively) share a staircase and front door but can
function independently. On the ground floor, two bed-
rooms each have their own bath. Floor Plan of this house
“The downstairs is almost like a
small hotel,” says Jimenez, whose
firm recently completed the Hotel
Saint George in Marfa, Texas. The
entry hall leads to a small kitchen
and common room which, in
turn, opens through large sliding
glass doors to the landscaped
courtyard. Upstairs, an elongated
loftlike space spans the full length
of the house, roughly defined by
open-plan kitchen, living, and din-
ing areas and a sizable bedroom,
separated from the other spaces
by a master bath and closet. Clean
Tips for Soil
Paul McClendon
Better Compaction
Effective road-building preparation is essential to a solid project
A
nyone involved in the road building process knows
it is not an easy job, and it isn’t something to be left
for novices. It takes patience, experience and a great amount
The moisture content in the soil also must be considered
before starting to do compaction work. There is a happy me-
dium in terms of soil moisture—too much moisture weakens
of knowledge. Getting the job done right the first time is para- stability, but too little moisture will result in poor compaction.
mount, and it all starts with one of the most critical process- A quick and simple hand test will show the operator what
es—compaction. they’re working with. Pick up a handful of soil and squeeze
Why Soil Compaction? it in your hand, then open your hand and drop the soil. The
Soil compaction is a process that increases the density ideal moisture will help the soil mold when you squeeze it, but
of the soil. Before we lay asphalt or concrete, the soil is the allow it to break into a few pieces when you drop it (not too
base layer. Soil compaction increases load-bearing capacity many pieces however). A dry soil will come out powdery and
and stability, prevents soil settlement and frost damage and break into fragments when it’s dropped. On the other hand, if
reduces water seepage. At one point or another, you have the soil leaves moisture in your hand and the mold of the soil
likely driven on a highway or interstate and noticed buck- remains intact when you drop it, it has too much moisture to
ling or bulging. This is mainly a result of the base dirt being be compacted.
prepped incorrectly and being poorly compacted. It is critical The right amount of moisture is not only important for the
to get this first step right. foundation but also will end up trimming down the amount of
compaction work necessary to get the best results.
Soil and Moisture
Equipment
It is important to know what kind of soil you are dealing
with, as different soil types feature various maximum den- Poor compaction can result in settlement of the soil.
sities and moisture levels. Cohesive (clay), granular (sand) This creates future maintenance issues or, in extreme cases,
and organic (for planting) are the three basic soil groups, but causes complete structural failure such as cracking, buckling
only two of these—cohesive and granular—are suitable for or bulging.
compaction. Cohesive soils have particles that stick together, Different types of compaction equipment are available—
while granular soils crumble easily. Each soil type has unique rammers, forward/reversible plates, walk-behind rollers, ride-
characteristics, from absorbency to compaction difficulty. on rollers and trench rollers. Rammers and trench rollers are
best utilized on cohesive soils, while forward/reversible plates,
walk-behind rollers and ride-on rollers are better suited for The Advantages of Soil Compaction
granular soils. In dealing with small compaction equipment,
users need to be aware that it weighs, in some instances, Compacted soil is more resistant to water infiltra-
about one-fifth of the compaction force it is putting out. For tion, erosion and being carried away by the wind. By
example, in an 11-foot by 11-foot area, a 185-pound rammer using large vibrators or heavy rollers, soil can be com-
is outputting nearly 3,000 pounds of force. With all of this go- pacted to create an ideal construction surface.
ing on, a good maintenance program is critical to keep equip- Soil Compaction :
ment in top performance mode. Compacting soil is a way of increasing its density.
Whether compaction equipment is part of your fleet or Soil is made up of solids, gases and water. Reducing
you rent it on an as-needed basis, it is important to have a the amount of gas in soil by forcing the solid materials
service interval plan in place. Make sure the rental shop has together compacts the soil. Reducing the pore spaces
a regular maintenance schedule or, if you purchased equip- of soil leaves less space in it for air and water. Reduc-
ment, that you have a reliable, trained and certified techni- ing the amount of water in soil makes the soil particles
cian servicing the equipment at least annually. Compaction is less lubricated. Wet, un-compacted soil is very difficult
the first step to road building, so the last thing you want is a to build on.
reduction in time and productivity because the equipment is Roads :
acting up.
Driving over the same spot of soil will eventually
Biggest Compaction Mistakes compact it to the point where no plants can grow there.
Compaction mistakes are common, even for the most Plant roots break apart the soil and naturally make it
experienced road-building contractor. It is important to take less stable for roads. Compacted soil will be harder
your time through this step and do not rush, or it will cause to wet and will require a lot of water to destabilize.
problems. The biggest mistakes typically seen on the job are Gravel roads benefit from soil compaction because the
overcompaction and undercompaction. firmer soil provides a stable base on which to rest the
Overcompaction can occur if the operator makes too small stones. A compacted road for concrete or black
many passes in one direction with the compaction machine, top roads makes the road last longer. Compacting for
which can reduce the soil density. Undercompaction results building a highway helps to make the shape of the road
when the operator does not make enough passes with the so that it sheds water.
compactor, so the particles in the soil are too soft and don’t Buildings :
get the cohesion they need to create the right amount of Most buildings are built right on the soil rather
density. Another important tip is to get the right amount of than having footings going all the way down to bed-
lift or depth of the soil layer. When filling a trench, it is impor- rock, as with skyscrapers. If the soil is not compacted
tant to place the correct amount of dirt and provide the right enough, the house will not last as long and can encoun-
amount of compaction force to the area. ter many problems. The soil must be dense enough to
As the soil becomes compacted, the impact travels less support the weight of the structure. If the soil is not
and returns more energy to the machine, making it come off compacted enough it can collapse.
the ground higher. An incorrect lift—one that has too much

Lawns :
dirt and too much depth—will create a loose layer of dirt, re-
sulting in undercompaction. Golf courses, baseball parks and lawns all benefit
from a certain amount of soil compaction. Compact-
ing soil where grass is grown makes it more level and
aesthetically pleasing. Soils for golf courses are care-
fully rolled so that putting greens and other areas are
in the right condition for play. Without some soil com-
paction, lawns and playing fields could not be as useful
nor as beautiful.
There are many steps and considerations involved in

compaction work. The most important is regular equipment
service. Compaction products work hard and hit the ground
with much greater force than their static weight.
Soil has a way of being unforgiving, and while compac-
tion can be a long process, it is important to take the time to
do it right.
Tenants’ rights and oblig
In the law, there is a lot of protections for Tenants, at the same time
a tenant should have done Obligations described by The law..
Y
our main legal rights and
responsibilities as a private
tenant derive from landlord and ten-
home). Read more in our document
on sharing accommodation with your
landlord.
private tenants have. However, there
are some differences:
You may not assign or sublet the
ant law as well as from any lease or Leases or other tenancy agree- tenancy
tenancy agreement between you and ments cannot take away from your Rent reviews will be carried out in
your landlord. rights under the legislation, but you accordance with the tenancy agree-
The main legislation governing and your landlord can agree on mat- ment (if there is one) or else no more
these rights and obligations is con- ters that are not dealt with in it. than once a year
tained in the Landlord and Tenant Acts Tenants of housing associations While most tenants of AHBs will
1967 to 1994, the Residential Tenancies get security of tenure – known as Part
If you are renting from a housing
Act 2004 and the Residential Tenan- 4 rights – after 6 months or more into
association, a co-operative or similar
cies (Amendment) Act 2015. How- the tenancy, this does not apply if you
voluntary organisation (known as
ever, if you are renting a room in your are living in transitional accommoda-
approved housing bodies or AHBs)
landlord’s home you are not covered tion and the tenancy is for 18 months
your tenancy now comes under the
by landlord and tenant legislation or less.
residential tenancies legislation and
(though you are covered if you rent a The landlord’s right to terminate
you have most of the same rights that
self-contained flat in your landlord’s
Dr. Swamynath
ligations
a Part 4 tenancy for the reason that
they require the dwelling for their own
or family member occupation does not
apply to AHB tenancies
The minimum standards for food
preparation, storage and laundry pur-
poses do not apply to AHBs, so they
do not have to provide their tenants
with white goods, such as washing
machines
Rights as a tenant Board (RTB) without being penalised This right to remain is subject to
for doing so certain rights that the landlord contin-
You are entitled to quiet and
You have the right to a copy of ues to have. The landlord may reclaim
exclusive enjoyment of your home. If
any register entry held by the RTB the property for a number of reasons
noise from other tenants or neighbours
dealing with your tenancy – read more in our document, If your
is disturbing you, ask them to stop
All homes for rent must have a landlord wants you to leave.
and also inform your landlord. If this
does not work, you can make a formal Building Energy Rating (BER), stat- Paying and reclaiming your deposit
complaint. ing how energy-efficient the home is. You will probably have to pay a
You are entitled to certain mini- This will help you to make an informed security deposit when you agree to rent
mum standards of accommodation choice when comparing properties to the property. The landlord holds this
You are entitled to a rent book rent. deposit as security to cover any rent
You have the right to contact the Security of tenure arrears, bills owing or damage beyond
landlord or their agent at any reason- In general, you may have secu- normal wear and tear at the end of the
able times. You are also entitled to rity of tenure for 4 years, though your tenancy. There are no rules about the
have appropriate contact information landlord may end the tenancy during amount of the deposit, but it is usually
(telephone numbers, email addresses, the first 6 months without giving any equal to one month’s rent.
postal addresses, etc.) reason. After 6 months, you have the Threshold provides useful tips on
Your landlord is only allowed to right to stay for a further 3 years and 6 what to bear in mind before you pay a
enter your home with your permission. months, provided you keep the terms deposit, including a guide to avoiding
If the landlord needs to carry out re- of the contract. These provisions are in scams (pdf). Your landlord must provide

pairs or inspect the premises, it should Part 4 of the Residential Tenancies Act you with an inventory of the contents
be by prior arrangement, except in an 2004, so a tenancy that is in existence of the property. It is advisable to record
emergency for more than 6 months is known as the condition of everything that is listed,
a Part 4 tenancy. All tenancies are taking photos if possible, and agree this
You are entitled to reimbursement
deemed to end after 4 years. in writing with your landlord.
for any repairs that you carry out that
are the landlord’s responsibility If you continue to be the tenant In general, when you leave a
at the end of the 4 years, you have a property at the end of the agreed rental
You are entitled to have visitors
Further Part 4 tenancy. You may stay period or after giving the agreed notice,
to stay overnight or for short periods,
in the property but you are considered the landlord must return your security
unless specifically forbidden in your
to have a new tenancy. You can read deposit, promptly and in full. Read
tenancy agreement. You must tell your
more about the different types of ten- Threshold’s advice on getting your
landlord if you have an extra person
ancy here. deposit back.
moving in
If you intend to stay in the prop- However, if you leave before the
You are entitled to a certain
erty, you should inform your landlord in end of the agreed period, the landlord
amount of notice of the termination of
writing between 3 months and 1 month may keep your deposit, even if you
your tenancy
before the expiry of your fixed-term have given notice. (You may also be li-
You are entitled to refer any
tenancy or lease agreement. able for the amount of rent due until the
disputes to the Residential Tenancies
end of the lease, depending on what is
Other charges and payments
The owner (your landlord) is responsible for paying the
Local Property Tax to the Revenue Commissioners. There
may be an agreement that you will pay this amount, but your
liability will be to the landlord and not to Revenue.
As the tenant of a property, you are the occupier and
are responsible for paying the water charges.
Whether or not you have to pay for services such as
heating, electricity, gas or TV connections depends on the
terms of your letting agreement. In practice, if you are renting
a house, you are likely to be liable for all these charges.
Multi-unit developments
In some multi-unit developments, such as apartment
complexes, the heating may be operated centrally and you
stated in the lease agreement.)
may not have to pay separately for it. In some complexes,
The landlord may keep part or all of the deposit in the cable TV may be supplied. In most complexes, bin collection
following situations: is organised by the management company and you may not
Rent arrears have to pay charges for this.
Unpaid bills There are annual charges in multi-unit developments to
Damage above normal wear and tear pay for the maintenance, insurance and repair of common
If you have not given adequate notice areas; for the provision of common services to unit owners;
The landlord may not hold your possessions against and to contribute to a sinking fund for non-routine refurbish-
money that you owe, but he can apply to the RTB if he feels ment and maintenance expenses.
that your deposit does not cover rent arrears or the cost of Your landlord may pass these charges on to you if this
damage to the property. is agreed, but if they are not paid, the owners’ management
The Residential Tenancies (Amendment) Act 2015 pro- company may pursue the owner (the landlord) for them.
vides for a new tenancy deposit protection scheme. These Private tenancies and receivership
provisions are not yet in effect.
If your landlord’s mortgage is in arrears and the mort-
Obligations of a tenant gage lender has appointed a receiver, you must pay the rent
You must: to the receiver, but it is the landlord who remains legally
Pay your rent on time responsible for matters such as returning your deposits.
Pay any other charges that are specified in the letting The receiver may arrange for repairs to be carried out,
agreement, for example, waste collection charges; utility but it is unclear whether the receiver is required to do this or
bills; management fees to the management company in an whether the receiver takes on any of the responsibilities of a
apartment complex – see ‘Other charges and payments’ landlord.
below Tax issues

Keep the property in good order If you pay income tax and you were already renting on
Inform the landlord if repairs are needed and give the 7 December 2010, you may be eligible for some tax relief on
landlord access to the property to carry out repairs the rent.
Give the landlord access (by appointment) for routine If your landlord lives outside the State, you must deduct
inspections tax for the rent and account for it to the Revenue Commis-
Inform the landlord of who is living in the property sioners. Read more in our document on tax issues
Avoid causing damage or nuisance
Make sure that you do not cause the landlord to be in
breach of the law
Comply with any special terms in your tenancy agree-
ment, oral or written
Give the landlord the information required to register with
the RTB and sign the registration form when asked to do so
Give the landlord proper notice when you are ending
the tenancy, You should note that it may be more difficult
to assert your rights if you have broken conditions of your
tenancy.
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Unloading Area : 360°
Machine Weight : 200 kg ECONOMY FOR CONSTRUCTION
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E-Mail : info@onetouchsolutionss.com, Web: www.antirust.co rust19
Fantastic formwork
Formwork Failures And Safety Measures
I Inadequate Lateral Bracing-Wind, Con-

n light of the recent accidents involving collapse or formwork structures took
place at Thiruvarur claiming 5 invaluable human lives, these paragraphs are struction Loads
duly complied to remind the professional Engineers of their obligations in the Very often news flasher about form-
design, construction and inspection of formwork structures. work failures which were induced due to
While the investigation into the accident is in progress, preliminary findings showed lateral force components or due to dis-
that the formwork structures gave way during the concrete casting process, indicating placement of supporting members. Inad-
that the structures were unable to withstand the load imposed on them during the cast- equate cross/ horizontal bracing of shores
ing process. Many such formwork failures and accidents always depict a Moral that have played a key role in triggering the
negligence for spending few hundred rupees for certain small issues has contributed to accidents.High shoring with heavy load at
the loss of invaluable lives of people and few lakh worth damage. the top is vulnerable to eccentric or lateral
Causes of Formwork Failure loading. When a failure occurs in one part,
inadequate bracing may induce the col-
Formwork may fail due to many reasons. The failure primarily occurs at the time
lapse to extend to a large portion of the
placing of concrete. Some unexpected event may cause one formwork member to fail
structure and multiply the damage. One
causing overloading and misalignment of another formwork member ultimately leading
major objective of bracing is to prevent any
to the collapse of the entire formwork system.
minor accident or failure from becoming a
Many such disasters have revealed the root cause of such failure as disaster.
1. Excessive loads Vibration Due To Concrete Placing
2. Premature removal of forms or shores Equipment
3. Inadequate lateral support for the shoring members Form worksome times collapse when
Improper Stripping And Shore Removal their supporting shore or jacks are dis-
Premature stripping of forms, premature removal of shore and careless practices placed by the vibration caused by passing
in reshoring can produce catastrophic results. In a case study of a MSB failure, it re- traffic, the movement of the workers and
vealed that a portion of the fourteenth floor of the MSB tower collapsed due to the the equipment on the formwork and the ef-
collapse of the shoring provided to support the concrete. It appears that the shoring fect of vibrating concrete to consolidate it.
was weak and the reshores were missing. The collapse of this floor resulted into impact Some failures have taken place due to the
landing of the floor directly below it which also failed and collapsed to the lower floor. weight of RMC pouring pipe lines and its
This has a domino effect and by the impact load from the weight of upper floor debris, jerking vibration while pumping which has
lower floors also collapsed subsequently all in a short span of less than an hour. totally been ignored while designing the
formwork and shoring.

Unstable Soil Under Mudsills, Shor-
ing Not Plumb
Unstable soil under the mudsills can
also cause the formwork to fail. The muds-
ills act as a base for a shore or post in a
formwork. The mudsills could be a timber
plank, a frame, a small footing or pedestals.
All loads from formwork are transmitted to
the solid ground through vertical members.
Shores must be set for plumb on a solid
stratum so as to transmit the load axially.
Proper care should be taken to drain out
the water shed down during rain or during
concrete processand shall not allow water
to wash away the under stratum soil which
may lead to settlement of props.
Er.C.BALAMURUGAN, M.E.(Struct)., PGDFC., Asst. Executive Engineer, TNPWD
Concrete Placing Techniques
The temperature and rate of verti-
cal placement of concrete are the factors
influencing the development of lateral
pressure that acts on the formworks. If
temperature drops during the construction
operations, rate of concreting often has to
be slowed down to prevent the build up of
lateral pressure over loading the forms. If
this sequential stop operation is not done,
then there will be formwork failure. Failure
to properly regulate the rate and order of
placing concrete on the horizontal surfaces
or curved roofs may produce unbalanced
loadings and consequent failures of the
formwork.
Design Deficiencies Leading To Lack of Supervision To Formwork • The unit weight for wet concrete
Formwork Failure Details for load calculations shall be assumed as
•Lack of allowance in design for 26kN/m3 (2600 kg per cu.m
During the massive assembly of
such loadings as wind, power buggies, • Actual load of form work includ-
formwork intricate details should be thor-
placing equipment and temporary ma- ing weights of fittings shall be evaluated. In
terial storage. oughly checked to eliminate any omission
of nail fasteners, tightening of locking de- the absence of correct data, load may be
•Failure to account for loads im- vices on metal shoring, gauge setting etc.,. assumed as 0.5kN/m.
posed on anchorages during gap c\o Other issues that may cause failure are: • Allowance in design of formwork
sure in aligning formwork.
inadequate provisions to prevent rotation should be given for post tensioning
•Insufficient allowance for eccentric of beam forms, unequal loading places
loading due to placement sequence. • Concrete shall be dropped from
and uplift of forms due to unequal loadings a height not greater than 1.10m and the
•Inadequate anchorage against up- and improper trying. same may be assumed for impact load
lift due to battered form faces. Some of the salient points from BIS calculations. Concrete shall not be accu-
•Failure to investigate bearing recommendations are bulleted below for mulated more than three times the depth
stresses in members in contact with their ready remembrance. of slab per ‘m’ which is also taken into con-
shores and struts. sideration.
The formworks shall be planned with
•Failure to provide proper lateral safety of permanent constructions and • Imposed load for inspection pur-
bracing or lacing of shoring. workers. It shall be adequately braced l pose shall be assumed as 0..75kN/m
•Failure account slenderness ratio aterally and diagonally • The lateral pressure due to fresh
of compression members.
• The formworks shall be rigid concrete on vertical form works depends

•Inadequate provisions to tie the enough so that deflections under the dead on the temperature. And this is given in
corners of intersecting cantilevered load and live loads and forces caused by IS:14687:1999 as Set of curves. Pressure
forms together. ramming and vibration of concrete and exerted will be high at lowest tempera-
IS 456:2000 Plain and Reinforced other incidental loads environmental loads tures. Therefore concrete placement shall
Concrete, IS: 3696 (PART I)(1987) Re- imposed upon it during and after casting be done with time elapse for gradual vary
affirmed 2002, Safety code for scaf- of concrete are well within the permissi- of lateral pressure on side forms. The
folds and ladders ble limits. The rigidity can be achieved by weight of cement of cement added as per
IS : 3696 (PART II)(1991) Reaffirmed number of ties and braces. design mix is also criterion for lateral pres-
2002, Safety code for scaffolds and • Formworks shall be so designed sure. Rate of concrete placement also de-
ladders-scope of safety and constructed that they can be removed pends on the workability of concrete.
IS: 4014:part I:1967, Reaffirmed in parts in the desired sequence without • Earth pressure and rising water
2006, Code of practice for steel tubular damaging the surface of concrete or dis- tables can also exert pressure on form-
scaffolding-Definitions and materials turbing other sections or causing collapse works as in the case of retaining walls,
IS :4014:part II:1967, Reaffirmed of the formwork systems. RCC sumps etc.,
2005, Code of practice for steel tubu- • Formworks shall be so designed • Timber used should be care-
lar scaffolding-Safety Regulations for and constructed incorporating safety, fully examined for Signs of rot, distortion in
Scaffolding
overturning and overall stability. shape, bolt holes, Cuts on the edge greater
than 1/20 of the thickness of the section, any
other mechanical damage and Splitting
New York’s “Craziest New Building” Is Closer To Completion
•The formworks shall be designed A campus for the Columbia University Medical College, dubbed by
with factor of safety of 1.5 against over- local papers as “New York’s craziest new building”, is nearing completion.
turning and sliding. The 14-storey glass structure will house the college’s graduate and edu-
•Form work removal for different cation facilites at Washington Heights, northern Manhattan. The project
structural components shall be in accor- was designed by local studio Diller Scofidio + Renfro, with Californian
dance with IS 456:2000 practice, Gensler as the executive architect. Overlooking the Hudson Riv-
•Formwork removal for hinged/fixed er, the 100,000 square foot development will include a large simulation
beams shall begin from supports. And for centre. The building contains a “Study
cantilever beam shall be stripped from free Cascade”, described as a “network of so-
end and strictly not stripped from the sup- cial and study spaces distributed across
ports. This sequence should be followed an oversize landing along an intricate 14-
so as to allow members to behave on their storey stair”. The cascade’s interiors are
own natural bending sequencey. complemented by a distributed network
of south-facing outdoor rooms and ter-
Check List : Erection of Falsework
races clad with cement panels and wood.
Following should be checked during
erection of falsework:
•All provisions of the design and • The inclined plane of the wedges place and thus result in displacement of the
drawings should be complied with. Any should not be too steep and the pair should forms and danger to the props by loosing
member which has to remain in position be nailed down after adjustment to prevent wedges, etc. Positions of such possibilities
during or after the general releasing of their shifting. A pair of two matched and be checked.
falsework. should be clearly marked. equal wedges should be used in opposi- •The reinforcement and falsework
• The materials used should be tion, and not one wedge only by itself. The have been checked and permission to
checked to ensure that undesirable or re- wedges should not induce eccentricity. commence the placement of concrete has
jected items are not used. Check List:- Concreting Operations been accorded.
• Any excavations nearby which And The Application of Loads •The thickness of the concrete are
can influence the safety of the falsework. Following shall be checked, before maintained all along the member as per
should be accounted for in the planning. and during concreting operations or load drawing, even when camber have been
• The bearing soil should be sound application: provided.
and suitably prepared. The sole plates • Adequate access ramps, gang- • The props and bracings should
should fully bear on the ground without way, etc in the proper positions are provid- be watched during the placement of con-
possible settlement. Safety measures ed for the smooth flow of men materials crete and its vibration. Any members or
should be taken no prevent impact of traf- and machines. All precautions are taken wedges which may tend to become loose
fic, scour due to water, etc. to prevent accidental impact, scouring or or shift should be attended immediately.
•Adequate bracings, struts and ties flooding of foundations. An agreed system of communication
between the man below and the man in
should be installed with the progress of •Adequate precautions should also

erection to ensure strength and stability of be taken to keep unauthorised people way charge of concrete operations
falsework at intermediate and final stages. from the falsework. • should be established so that cor-
•Inclined forms. which give rise to •The forms shall be clean and free rective actions as required may be taken
very high horizontal forces should be taken from wood shavings, grit, etc. Forms and and concreting can be stopped instantly if
care of by trussing and diagonal bracing joints are such that they prevent leakage at all it becomes necessary to do so.
•The places of stacking of materials of mortar and slurry. • Platforms for the movement of
should be marked as per provision in false- •Only approved coating or form re- workers and mechanized concrete buggies
work design and it should be ascertained lease agent are applied, and the reinforce- are separate and are not placing load upon
that the stacking is done only at proper ment are clean from the same. the reinforcing steel. If this is unavoidable,
places. •The sequence, rate of concreting, steel chairs should be placed under the
•The deterioration of materials due to and method of placement and position of reinforcement at adequate spacing to pre-
storage, reuse and misuse should be checked construction vent deformation of the reinforcement.
and corrective steps taken for safety. •joints are as per the design brief. To finally conclude, Every failure
• Wedges should be provided for teaches us a lesson, but learning from fail-
•In some cases, the load of fresh
adjustment of the falsework to the re- ure at the cost of invaluable lives and valu-
concrete and the live load at one place
quired position, after any settlement or able assets is very unfortunate and cannot
may cause uplift of the forms at another
elastic shortening of props occur. be allowed to happen.
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ÄñÞè?¹\lóE·Ãð¢öã©öéLEÙ§ÄWFãÙÅGCêWE/
(A/c No. 005102000016898, IDBI Bank, Greams Road Branch, Chennai)
·Llêðyðl÷;¹¬WEªãÄ^ªÄðE-ÙÅWÎ?U}-5402:-·þýy`Ãy?`Ù?ó-·öñWÅWèê-
hm¬EtâÃ{-ÙÅ\è«7/Email : buildersline@gmail.com Web : www.buildersline.in, Call : 88254 79234
Do you have Pet ?
The law on pet owners in Apartments

W ith apartment complexes
becoming the norm, it
becomes important for pet owners to
“Apartment owners' associations and
residents’ welfare associations cannot
‘legislate’.
Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, declares
the same as being an offence.”
She notes that consumer courts at
understand their rights and responsibili- They cannot take it upon them- Mumbai have at least on two occasions
ties, for the welfare of their pets and selves to issue ‘edicts’ and restrict upheld the rights of residents faced with
their neighbours. rights available to citizens. There is similar harassment, and observed that
Residents sometimes find a letter no law enacted by Parliament or any in the present times, pets are akin to
taped to the notice board (on behalf of State Legislature that ‘bans’ compan- children.
the Apartment Association) that says ion animals. At best, municipalities
Denying pet-owners the right to
that pets are banned and that owners and local authorities can regulate, or
use elevators or common areas with
must either vacate or abandon their insist on registration or licensing of
their pets has been held to be defi-
pets. “This is tantamount to harass- pets. These high handed circulars and
ciency in service on the part of these
ment, and utterly unlawful,”says Anjali letters suddenly taped to notice boards
associations. She therefore urges
Sharma, Advocate, practising at the are therefore illegal.
pet-owners to stand by their compan-
Delhi High Court and Supreme Court By pressurizing people to aban- ion animals in the face of such harass-
of India, who is an Executive Com- don their pets in this manner, they ac-
ment, and refuse to 'give them up', or

mittee Member of, and Legal Advisor tually compel them to violate the law, abandon them.
to the Animal Welfare Board of India. since Section 11 of the Prevention of
These rights, however, do come
with duties. Pet-owners must earn the
goodwill of neighbours by keeping their
dogs on leash while in common areas
and cleaning up after them if they soil
the place.
Sharma tells pet owners that
being considerate is a must, and a
basic courtesy. “Be reasonable”, is her
simple, yet powerful advice to pet own-
ers. “Exercise care. Ensure that their
vaccinations are always up to date. And
always walk your dog with a leash”.
She signs off with the advice that being
a responsible pet parent is important to
ensure harmony in community living.
¹¬WEªãÄ^ªÄðÞ^\
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Chennai Professionals &

120 * 40,000
Building & Construction Concerns
Categories Building materials Database
Directory 2016-17
Interiors & decorates
4,500 * 8 Major
Database Classifications
Professionals & concerns
pdf & Excel Tamil Nadu * Excel Version
Real estate & property
Material & equipments Versions Building & Construction
Service & works * Editable
Directory

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RS.1,500 Rs.500
Rs.400 Rs.1500 RS.1,000 Rs.400
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lè¬½lWèêCWð½lWPROMPT PUBLICATION ©\ÆÙÄC÷`·ÑªÄ½lö}E/)·`ên*ÄñÞè?
(A\c No.005102000016898, IFSC code : IBKL0000005, IDBI Bank, Greams Road Branch,) ·Ãð¢öã
©öéLEÙ§ÄWFãÙÅGCêWE/h\èêN`Payumoney KêEÄñEÙÅLÞnElÅ^¦Edö}/
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·öñWÅWèê-ÙÅ\è«711117/½ÄF;15553253594-993668:345
E-mail : buildersline@gmail,com Web : www.buildersline.in
Dr. T.S. Thandava Murthy
METHODS OF CONCRETE
All Kind of Concrete
Repair can be cured
CRACK REPAIR
F
ollowing the evaluation of the cracked structure, a suitable method of
concrete crack repaid procedure can be selected. Successful repaid
procedures take into account the cause(s) of the cracking. For example, if the
Following is a survey of crack re-
paid methods, including a summary of
the characteristics of the cracks that
cracking was primarily due to drying shrinkage, then it is likely that after a pe- may be repaired with each procedure,
riod of time the cracks will stabilize. On the other hand, if the cracks are due to
the types of structures that have been
a continuing foundation settlement, repaid will be of no use until the settlement
repaired, and a summary of the proce-
problem is corrected.
dures that are used.
EPOXY INJECTION
Cracks as narrow as 0.002 in (0.05
mm) can be bonded by the injection of
epoxy. The technique generally con-
sists of establishing entry and vent-
ing ports at close intervals along the
cracks, sealing the crack on exposed
surfaces, and injecting the epoxy un-
der pressure. Epoxy injection has
been successfully used in the repaid of
cracks in building, bridges, dams, and
other types of concrete structures (ACI
503R). However, unless the cause of
the cracking has been corrected, it will
probably recur near the original crack.
If the cause of the cracks cannot be re-
moved, then two options are available.
One is to rout and seal the

crack, thus treating it as a joint, or, es-
tablish a joint that will accommodate
the movement and then inject the crack
with epoxy or other suitable material.
With the exception of certain moisture
tolerant epoxies, this technique is not
applicable if the cracks are actively
leaking and cannot be dried out. Wet
cracks can be injected using moisture
tolerant materials, but contaminants in
the cracks (including silt and water) can
reduce the effectiveness of the epoxy
to structurally repair the cracks.
This method involves enlarging the crack along its exposed The use of a low-modulus,
face and filling and sealing it with a suitable joint sealant flexible adhesive in a crack will not al-
low significant movement of the con-
crete structure. The effective modulus
of elasticity of a flexible adhesive in a
crack is substantially the same as that of
a rigid adhesive surrounding concrete.
Epoxy injection requires a high degree
of skill for satisfactory execution, and
application of the technique may be
limited by the ambient temperature.
• Clean the cracks: The first
step is to clean the cracks that have
been contaminated: to the extent this
is possible and practical. Contaminants
such as oil, grease, dirt, or fine particles
of concrete prevent epoxy penetration Stitching involves drilling holes on both
and bonding, and reduce the effective- sides of the crack and grouting in
ness of repairs. Preferably, contamina- U-shaped metal units with short legs
tion should be removed by vacuuming
or flushing with water or other specially
effective cleaning solutions.
and is often used in conjunction with
• Seal the surface: Surface cracks should be sealed to keep the epoxy V-grooving of the cracks. The method
from leaking out before it has gelled. Where the crack face cannot be reached, entails drilling a hole into the crack, ap-
but where there is backfill, or where a slab-on-grade is being repaired, the backfill proximately ¾ in. (20 mm) in diameter
material or sub base material is sometimes an adequate seal. A surface can be and ½ to 1 in. (13 to 25 mm) below the
sealed of the crack and allowing in to harden. If a permanent glossy appear- apex of the V grooved section.
ance along the crack is objectionable and if high injection pressure is not required,
• Bonded flush fitting: When
a strippable plastic surface sealer may be applied along the face of the crack.
the cracks are not V grooved, a meth-
When the job is completed, the surface sealer can be stripped away to expose the
od frequently used to provide an entry
gloss-free surface. Cementitious seals can also be used where appearance of the
port is to bond a fitting flush with the
completed work is important. If extremely high injection pressures are needed,
concrete face over the crack. The flush
the crack can be cut out to a depth of ½ in. (13 mm) and width of about ¾ in (20
fitting has an opening at the top for the
mm) in a V-shape, filled with an epoxy, and struck off flush with the surface.
adhesive to enter and a flange at the
• Install the entry and venting ports. Three methods are in general use: bottom that is bonded to the concrete.
Builders line English Monthly | August s 2016 | 45

• Fittings inserted into drilled holes: This method was the first to be used, • Interruption in seal: Anoth-
er system of providing entry is to omit
the seal from a portion of the crack.
This method can be used when special
gasket devices are available that cover
the unsealed portion of the crack and
allow injection of the adhesive directly
into the crack without leaking.
• Mix the epoxy: This is done
either by batch or continuous methods.
In batch mixing, the adhesive compo-
nents are premixed according to the
manufacturer’s instructions, usually
with the use of a mechanical stirrer,
like a paint mixing paddle. Care must
Surface cracks should be sealed to keep the epoxy from be taken to mix only the amount of ad-
leaking out before it has gelled.
the surface seal should be removed by
grinding or other means as appropriate.
• Alternative procedure: For
massive structures, an alternative pro-
cedure consists of drilling a series of
holes [usually 7/8 to 4-in. (20 to 100-
min) diameter] that intercepts the
crack at a number of locations. Typi-
cally, holes are spaced at 5-ft (1.5-m) Satisfactory sealants should be
intervals. Another method recently be- able to withstand cyclic deforma-
ing used is a vacuum or vacuum assist tions and should not be brittle.
method.
cracks on the concrete surface where
There are two techniques: one is water stands, or where hydrostatic
to entirely enclose the cracked mem- pressure is applied. This treatment re-
ber with a bag and introduce the liquid duces the ability of moisture to reach
hesive that can be used prior to com- adhesive at the bottom and to apply the reinforcing steel or pass through
mencement of gelling of the material. a vacuum at the top. The other tech- the concrete, causing surface stains or
nique is to inject the cracks from one other problems.
• Inject the epoxy: Hydrau-
side and pull a vacuum from the other.
lic pumps, paint pressure pots, or air- The sealants may be any of
Typically, epoxies are used; however,
actuated caulking guns may be used. several materials, including epoxies,
acrylics and polyesters have proven
The pressure used for injection must urethanes, silicones, polysulfides, as-
successful.
be selected carefully. Increased pres- phaltic materials, or polymer mortars.
sure often does little to accelerate the • Routing and sealing Cement grouts should be avoided
rate of injection. If the crack is ver- Routing and sealing of cracks can due to the likelihood of cracking. For
tical or inclined, the injection process be used in conditions requiring reme- floors, the sealant should be sufficiently
should begin by pumping epoxy into dial repaid and where structural repaid rigid to support the anticipated traffic.
the entry port at the lowest elevation is not necessary. This method involves Satisfactory sealants should be able
until the epoxy level reaches the entry enlarging the crack along its exposed to withstand cyclic deformations and
port above. For horizontal cracks, the face and filling and sealing it with a suit- should not be brittle.
injections should proceed from one end able joint sealant
of the crack to the other in the same The procedure consists of prepar-
manner. The crack is full if the pres- This is a common technique for ing a groove at the surface ranging in
sure can be maintained. If the pressure crack treatment and is relatively sim- depth, typically, from ¼ to 1 in. (6 to
cannot be maintained, the epoxy is still ple in comparison to the procedures 25 mm). A concrete saw, hand tools
flowing into unfilled portions or leaking and the training required for epoxy or pneumatic tools may be used. The
out of the crack. injection. The procedure is most ap- groove is then cleaned by air blasting,
plicable to approximately flat horizon- sandblasting, or water blasting, and
• Remove the surface seal: tal surfaces such as floors and pave- dried. A sealant is places into the dry
After the injected epoxy has cured, ments. However, routing and sealing groove and allowed to cure. A bond
can be accomplished on breaker may be provided at the bot-
vertical surfaces (with a tom of the groove to allow the sealant
non-sag sealant) as well as to change shape, without a concentra-
on curved surfaces (pipes, tion of stress on the bottom.
poles and pole). The bond breaker may be a poly-
Routing and sealing ethylene strip or tape which will not
is used to treat both fine bond to the sealant. Careful attention
pattern cracks and larger, should be applied when detailing the
isolated cracks. A com- joint so that its width to depth aspect
mon and effective use is for ratio will accommodate anticipated
waterproofing by sealing movement (ACI 504R).
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ROOF TEMP
COLOR BY 17º C
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FINISH
SIZE (MM)
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THICKNESS
20 MM

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Chad R. Hislop
TeleHandlers
Reaching
New Levels
Telehandler features that enhance
on-site productivity and utilization
A
telehandler’s true value is in its multipurpose capabilities.Any contrac-
tor who needs to lift, move and/or place materials has many equipment
options from which to choose, and telehandlers are an ideal choice because they
provide all-around utility to meet more than one work site need. Today’s tele-
handlers incorporate a number of innovative features that manufacturers say im-
prove jobsite productivity, meaning that the unit is able to accurately place loads
under any conditions. When evaluating specifications of a telehandler, the go-to
productivity features that contractors check first are lift capacity, load capacity,
reach capability and the ability to use different types of attachments.
While these options certainly add to a telehandler’s usefulness on projects,
Features designed around opera-
getting the most productivity and best return on investment may require a more
tor positioning in the cab, such as a low
in-depth comparison of the machine’s less obvious features. Design and perfor-
dash and tilt steering wheel, an adjust-
mance go hand in hand. Telehandlers that are simple to use and service can help
able seat and a side-mounted engine
contractors reach new levels of productivity and utilization.
situated for operator visibility, are also
A focus for telehandler manufacturers in the last five years has been to not necessary for enhanced operator pro-
only increase telehandler performance, but also to improve operator productiv- duction on any job.
ity and raise machine utilization rates. This focus has put heightened attention
Excellent visibility of the jobsite all
on features such as cab and console configurations, machine maintenance and
around the machine needs to be imme-
serviceability and machine options versus standard features.
diately apparent whether the operator
Work Smarter is sitting in a standard open cab or an
Ergonomic operator stations that increase comfort and decrease fatigue enclosed cab.
add up to a better working environment and improved productivity on every Increase Versatility
job. Comfort contributes to productivity. Telehandlers that are designed around
Increasing machine utilization
the cab—the operator’s office—focus on what an operator of any size or shape
rates and improving an operator pro-
needs to get a job done.
ductivity come down to how much the
The telehandler operator’s station should be designed with two basic fea- machine can be used on any given day.
tures: simple, logical controls that respond to the operator’s command and a Features that exploit a telehandler’s
single hydraulically piloted, multifunctional joystick with integrated frame level- versatility—its ability to do more than
ing control. This type of joystick allows operators to control the boom and level dedicated machines—can greatly in-
the machine—up to 10 degrees on either side—without taking a hand off of the fluence efficiency.
joystick. Efficient operation is provided through easy-to-use controls, diagnostic
Properly equipping operators for
gauges and load charts positioned where the operator can easily see them.
all-weather operation enhances jobsite
productivity, so fully enclosed cabs “The operator and the service technician
should come standard with wind-
shield washer and wipers for visibility also should have regular discussions about
on rainy days, a standard heater/de- how the machine is being used day in and
froster to keep operators comfortable
in cold climates and windows that can day out, as well as how it’s performing’’.

be opened on both sides of the cab for
rough terrain. Tires are the No. 1 wear Don’t forget the telehandler’s
increased ventilation.
item (and cost of ownership) after the ability to use a variety of attachments
Another way to increase opera- sale of a telehandler. The better the for added job flexibility and improved
tor productivity is to make sure tele- condition the tires are in, the more the efficiency. By using one or more at-
handlers are set up to work in low-light telehandler is able to do. tachments, operators are able to get
conditions. Features that can enhance more pro-ductivity and utilization from
The design of the telehandler’s
work in the evening or early morn- a single unit versus switching out ma-
boom is another important factor.
ing hours include a boom work light, chines to do the same work.
For pick-and-place applications, op-
which functions as a headlight, and a
erators need good visibility around the Whether the machine excels at
rear cab-mounted work light for vis-
machine when the load is lifted. This pick-and-place or pick-and-carry ap-
ibility when maneuvering the machine
means they should be using a high- plications, ensuring a telehandler is
into place.
pivot boom telehandler model. A low- outfitted with a quick-attach system
Tires can also affect machine utili- pivot, or low-profile, boom telehandler will allow operators to easily change
zation. Tire condition, for example, will is better for pick-and-carry applications out attachments in seconds.
significantly impact when and where because the operator is able to see all Also, telehandlers plumbed with
a telehandler can work—whether it is the way around the machine when the auxiliary hydraulics are able to better
able to climb hills and power through boom is down.
meet the needs of the attachment being used. Ideally,
telehandlers should be equipped with a standard auxil- Make It a Habit
iary hydraulic system that offers full reversible flow to Proper maintenance, as outlined by the manufacturer’s
the boom tip. recommended guidelines, will also significantly increase the
Enhance Serviceability productivity and utilization of any telehandler. When it comes
to maintenance, it is easier to deal with things incrementally
The productivity and utilization of any telehandler rather than have something fail and face the consequences—
is largely influenced by regular care and maintenance. costly downtime and repairs. Preventive maintenance is
Contractors know that preventive maintenance is the
key to keeping equipment running at peak efficiency. To a commitment that contractors need to make every day.
help make preventive maintenance a priority, telehan- Telehandler preventive maintenance tasks should be simple
dlers need to be designed for easy serviceability. and easy to execute, yet provide attention to detail. The best
person to complete the daily maintenance is the operator—
One design feature that makes maintenance easier the one who knows the most about the machine’s particular
is a side-mounted engine. This positions the engine, com- sounds and performance. The operator and the service tech-
mon service points and sensitive internal components nician also should have regular discussions about how the
for easy access during maintenance and repair activities, machine is being used day in and day out, as well as how
saving time and keeping the machine on the ready line it’s performing. Operators and technicians should examine
for work. the maintenance records to spot any patterns. Look at what
Another design feature contractors should look for components are failing, and determine why, how and when
in a telehandler is whether its test ports are conveniently they failed. It is also important to know which components are
located at the main function manifold so that a qualified holding up over time and to analyze those trends. As savvy
technician can quickly and easily check and test all hy- contractors are figuring out how to do more and more on
draulic functions. work sites with telehandlers, they must know not only the go-
Easy access to the internal components of the ma- to specifications on these machines, but also how the over-
chine translates to less time spent on maintenance and all design of the machine will influence and affect operator
more time at work on the job. productivity and machine utilization rates.
Roofing
S.A. Reddi
Museum in california, 50,000 square-foot permeable roof

Wonder
that covers both the site and the building
T he manetti shrem museum is a contemporary
art museum for the university of california, da-
vis, designed by SO-IL and bohlin cywinski jackson (BCJ).
es for classes, performances, and workshops; and ‘the opera-
tions pavilion’, which accommodates a volunteer lounge, staff
spaces, catering, security, recycling, and public services.
both architecturally and programmatically, the institution The lobby and courtyard can open to the community edu-
seeks to define itself as a constantly evolving public event cation room, making one large interior for various gatherings.
— encouraging personal encounters, and providing both the events plaza is a site for congregation, program, and per-
formal and informal learning opportunities. the project, formance. here, an outdoor projection area is the focal point,
which broke ground in 2014, is now nearly ready to open setting the stage for after-hours events.
its doors to the public. The museum seeks to incorporate sustainable design
SO-IL and bohlin cywinski jackson have designed a

practices with recycled materials, water-saving features, and
50,000 square-foot permeable roof that covers both the advanced lighting controls.
site and the building. intended as a new symbol for the The manetti shrem museum, which officially opens on
university campus, the canopy is composed of 910 trian- november 13, 2016, was built at a total cost of $30 million
gular, honed aluminum infill beams. assembled in an intri- USD. see designboom’s
cate pattern, the structure seeks to evoke the patchwork previous coverage of the
texture and topology of the surrounding landscape. project here:
The canopy arcs as high as 34 feet on the freeway Project info:
side, and dips as low as 12 feet at its front, which is across
Location:
the street from the robert and margrit mondavi center for
california, USA
the performing arts — a primary entrance to the campus.
the permeable roof tops a 30,000-square-foot interior, Area: 2,700 sqm /
29,000 sqf
where a glass lobby creates a continuous ground level.
here, an open-air courtyard connects the museum’s three Structural engineer:
main volumes: ‘the gallery pavilion’ — which contains five rutherford & chekene
galleries, a collections classroom, two lounges, and back- Mechanical engineer:
of-house spaces; ‘the education pavilion’, containing spac- WSP
ISSUES IN APPORTIONING
UNDIVIDED SHARE OF LAND
There are instances where the undivided share of land has not been
entirely apportioned to the owners. They are not proportionate to
the built up area and the developers have retained some of it. 8
CASE LAWS ON FLATS,
REGISTRATION & TAXATION
When a building has a basement, sold separately for a person for purpose of using as
a storage or as a safe vault for providing lockers to be hired for public.
There may be many reasons for

T here are instances where the
undivided share of land has
the developer to do so. May be he has
proposal to construct one or more floor
WHETHER ANY not been entirely apportioned to the
owners. They are not proportionate
later. At times the developer may own
on apartment for himself. There has
FLAT OWNERS to the built up area and the develop-
been an instance where the owner put
ers have retained some of it.
ASSOCIATION CAN For example, in a building com-
up a shed on the terrace claiming that
he still owns undivided share of land
DISCONNECT THE plex with 8 flats of 1200 sq. ft. each
situated in an 6400 sq. ft. of plot, the
and let it out. This was later settled
through negotiations with consumer
WATER-SUPPLY TO undivided share of land apportioned forum.
to each flats should be 6400 sq. ft. di-
ANY FLAT IN THE vided by 8, which is 800 sq. ft. instead.
At times buyers are also tempted
to accept a lower share of land since
SAME COMPLEX? There the developer may transfer
only 640 sq. ft. for each flat retaining
Stamp Duty and registration charges
can be reduced and money saved.
1280 sq. ft. for himself. The implications of this can be many.
C.H.Gopinatha Rao
After a period of about 20 or 30 years
when the building is be demolished,
wither out of compulsion or redevelop-
ment, the owners will have less share
than what should have been due to
them. The compensation they receive
would be reduced since it will be based
on basic of the extent of undivided
share of land they hold.
In case the developer had not
purchased the property but has oper-
ated under the power executed by the
owner in his favour, then the undivided
share of the land retained by the devel-
oper will belong to the original owner
of his heirs. If the owner is dead and
the power executed by him is no lon-
ger valid, then the legal heirs of the undivided share of land. The answer mitted that if any one of the flat owner
deceased will acquire right over the is he should claim undivided share of committed default, the sewerage and
retained undivided share of land. land as otherwise, at the end of the life water-supply connection to the com-
When a building has a basement, of the buildings in upper floors, in the plex can be disconnected and the High
sold separately for a person for pur- absence of any mud of land the owner Court also in a judgment dated 14-7-
pose of using as a storage or as a safe of the basement cannot claim any right 2005, upheld the power of respondents
vault for providing lockers to be hired over the property. Board to disconnect the sewerage con-
for public. The question is as to wheth- WHETHER ANY FLAT OWNERS nections, if any one of the flat owner
er the owner of the basement can claim ASSOCIATION CAN DISCONNECT committed default.
THE WATER-SUPPLY TO ANY FLAT The Counsel for non-member flat
IN THE SAME COMPLEX? owner submitted that the owner pur-
New real estate law chased the Flat through a registered
The above question are very com-
likely to cover flats monly asked. The answer is given by Sale Deed and is entitled to enjoy the
already sold the Madras High Court in the case of facilities of common area provided to
the apartment and the petitioner As-
T he government is making Cosmo Towers Owners’ Association

vs. Chennai Metropolitan Water Sup- sociation is bound to admit the owner
an effort to make the con- as a member of the Association and
ply and Sewerage Board and others
sumer the king, once the real estate denial of admission as a member of
[(2009) 5 MLJ 491, decided on 18th
bill becomes law. It’s only home- the petitioner Association (member-
June 2009].
buyers who will decide whether ship denied as the flat is put to non-
a builder can transfer majority A Flat Owners Association at T.

residential use in contravention of the
rights and liability to a third party Nagar having 30 members registered
approval, as approval is only for resi-
or change the layout or design of a under the Tamil Nadu Societies Regis-
dential use) is in violation of the Tamil
project. Residents associations will tration Act, in which two of the flats are
Nadu Apartment Ownership Act, 1994,
being used for commercial purposes
be formed within three months of Rules and the By-Laws. The discon-
in contravention of the approved plan.
the majority of flats being booked nection of water-supply is deprivation,
The owners of the two flats were not
to facilitate handing over of proj- of her fundamental right guaranteed
admitted as members of the Associa-
ects in time. under Article 21 of the Constitution of
tion and water-supply given to the two
Moreover, housing minister India, which guarantees right to liveli-
flats was disconnected. As one of flat
M Venkaiah Naidu told Rajya Sab- hood, which includes getting water for
owners did not pay the water and sew-
ha that his ministry will consider her livelihood.
erage tax, the CMWSSB threatened to
bringing already sold flats under disconnect the services to the complex. The Court after hearing the argu-
this law while making rules. Such A writ petition was filed by the Associa- ments of the rival parties observed the
a provision will bring huge relief to tion for forbearing the CMWSSB from Society / Association has to be formed
lakhs of buyers since most of the disconnecting the water and sewerage for the benefit of all the apartment
real estate projects delayed were connections to the complex. owners and every owner is entitled to
launched years back. become a member automatically and
The Counsel for CMWSSB sub-
MY APARTMENTZ - An Essential Software The Court held-
My Apartmentz is an Apartment Management & Accounting Software. The petitioner Association is not
This is a web-based software for various apartment communities, villas and entitled to file the writ petition pray-
housing societies. This software enables to track income and expenses, ing for mandamus forbearing the CM-
communicate updates over mobile, email over the internet. WSSB from interfering or disconnect-
This software do ing the water and sewerage connection
given to Complex. The prayer sought
provide complete management & accounting package for a typical hous-
for in the writ petition is contrary to
ing society , Helps in knowing primary information in your Apartmentz ,
the above statutory provisions and the
upload photos & documents for Events & Meetings
same is not at all maintainable. It is
Guaranteed Data Privacy with respect to user wise & Apartment wise. made clear that this order shall not be
integrated SMS & Email support completely , Saves 90% of time & 80% of construed as approving the violation of
effort of Association Members & auditors any rule by the two non-member flat
Makes the accounts completely transaperent, helps in smooth operation owners and if there is any statutory
of dialy activities violation / Building Rules, it is open to
the petitioner to agitate its rights in the
entitled to enjoy all common facilities. Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply pending matter as well as before the
The metro water and sewerage con- and Sewerage Act, 1978, it is open to appropriate authority or forum.
nection is given in common to the apart- the Association to pay the same and Ratio Decidendi
ments as per the Chennai Metropolitan demand from the defaulted member
The Society / Association has to be
Water Supply and Sewerage Act, 1978 in accordance with law, which is also
formed for the benefit of all apartments
and it is a common benefit given to all provided under Section 20 of the Act.
owners and every owner is entitled to
apartment owners. Section 20 of the Tamil Nadu Owner-
become a member automatically and
The object of enacting the Tamil ship Flat Act reads as follows:-
entitled to enjoy all common facilities.
Nadu Apartment Ownership Act, Rules Common expenses to be charged Tamil Nadu Apartment Ownership Act
and Model By-law for the formation on property.– All sums assessed is binding on the association and all flat
and maintenance of apartments is to by the Society or the Association of owners. The by-law framed by an As-
promote harmony among the owners Apartments owners as the share of the sociation can operate only subject to
of apartments and share the common common expenses chargeable to nay the provisions of the Act, Rules and
facilities without any hindrance to oth- apartment shall, subject to the prior Model by-laws. As such the by-law of
ers. The petitioner Association is also claim, if any,- an Association giving discretion to As-
created and registered under the statu- (i) Of the Government in respect sociation to permit or not to permit any
tory provision and therefore, it is bound of land revenue or any money recov- apartment owner to become a member
to follow all the provisions of the said erable as land revenue, is illegal and in statutory violation. The
Act, Rules and Model By-laws. Association of the apartment owners
(ii) Of any municipality or other
The non-member flat owner is en- local authority in respect of tax or other is not entitled to disconnect the water-
titled to get the water-supply which is assessment, and supply given to any apartment owner
supplied through the common water- and it can only take steps to recover
(iii) Of the mortgage, in respect of
supply connection to the apartment by the amount payable to the metro water
all sums unpaid, constitute a charge on from the apartment owner if the same
the metro water. The petitioner Asso-
such apartment. is not paid by him.
ciation can only demand maintenance
charges for supplying the water within
the premises after it is drawn and col-
lected in a common tank. The action
of the petitioner Association in discon-
necting the water-supply to the non-
member flat is also illegal as it is an
interference in enjoying the common
facility. The owner is willing to pay the
maintenance charges as a member of
the petitioner Association.
If the any of the flat owner is not
playing the tax common water-supply
connection being given as per the
Different stages of Er. Rajagopal
House
construction in India
12 Imporatant Stages of Home Construction
U
nderstanding the different stages of house con-
struction from excavation to finishing is vital if
you want to ensure you are en sync with the construction
at this time. Once the site is clear, levelled and ready you
and the builder will stake out the floor plan on site. This
will be the first time you experience the floor plan in real-
process. In this article we will look over the 12 stages of ity rather than on paper - a truly wonderful moment!
house building in India - from the start of house construc- 2. Floor Slab
tion to the moment you receive the keys to your new The next stage of house construction will be to in-
home. stall the main concrete floor slab. Foundations will be
1. Site Preparation dug, caged and poured as per your structural engineers
The start of house construction begins with the prep- specifications and any “in slab” plumbing will be laid out.
aration and clearing of the site. If necessary you may Once the foundations and plumbing are ready the main
also need to carry out some earth moment and levelling concrete floor slab will be poured.
3. Framing - Walls & Roof Structure like skirting boards and door and window trims are also
After the slab is cured work will begin on the main added at this time.
structure of the house, this is one of the most exciting 10. FF&E Fit Out
stages of house building. In India there are many dif-
ferent methods of construction available and this stage Fixtures, Fittings and Equipment (FF&E as it’s known
will vary slightly depending on your particular method in the trade) is the last major stage of house construction.
of house construction: timber, brick, concrete, steel etc. Your electrician will come back and install your chosen
However the basic principle for this stage is the same - lights, switches and power outlets and make the system
you will see the walls of your house rise
from the slab and appear for the first time
in front of your eyes. “We are a big country and the stages
4. Roofing
Once the construction of the walls
of house building in India will vary region-
and roof structure is complete the roof ally. The method and material of house
will be installed and made waterproof. construction,as well as the builders prefer-
5. External Finishes
Depending on your type of house
ence may effect the order of construction.”
construction method, the exterior walls
will now be finished. If your house has a
solid wall construction such as block, brick or concrete live. Your plumber will return and install any faucets,
this will typically involve rendering and painting the ex- sinks, toilets, showers and other wet systems. Finally
ternal walls. If you have a light framed structure such as you will receive delivery of other large appliances such
wood or steel this will involved cladding and insulating as fridges, cookers and washing machines which will be
the structure with your chosen material such as wooden installed by your builder.
planks or grp panels.
11. Practical Completion
6. Windows & Doors
Now that heavy site work has finished it is safe to We are now at the stage of “practical completion”
install the windows and external doors. This makes the where your house is essentially complete. You will tour
building fully watertight and protected from the elements the property with the builder and make a final inspection
allowing the builders to start construction on the internal to ensure everything has been built as agreed and the
areas of the building which now follow such as electrical builder has completed work as agreed in the construc-
work, plumbing and finishing. tion contract. This is your final chance to discuss any is-
7. Rough Ins sues and have them addressed by the builder.
Electricians and plumbers will install the required 12. Handover
electrical cables and pipes. This stage of house construc-

This is the moment you have been waiting for! It
tion is known as “roughing in” as they wont connect the
cables or pipes to live sources until later in the construc- will seem like a long time since the start of house con-
tion process. Once they return they will struction. The builder will hand you the keys to your new
home after addressing the issues you raised during the
connect switches, power outlets and lights, but for
now they will leave the cables and pipes protruding from “practical completion” tour.
walls, ready to be completed later in the process. Conclusion
8. Internal Finishes So there you have it, the 12 stages of house building
Now that the cables and pipes are installed work in India. We hope you now have a better understanding
will begin on the non structural internal walls, internal of house construction from excavation to finishing.
wall finishes and floor finishes. This will include plaster-
Remember that this is a general guide to house con-
ing, painting, tiling and the installation of finished floors.
struction. We are a big country and the stages of house
9. Carpentry building in India will vary regionally. The method and
During this stage of house construction carpen- material of house construction,as well as the builders
ters will work on the installation of any built in furniture preference may effect the order of construction.
such as kitchen cabinets and bedroom closets. Things
Chennai - Vinayak Roof Experts, 80567 88883 | Coimbatore - Sibi Tiles, 98945 88886,
Trichy - Mohnith Trades, 98945 88883 | Salem - Rasi Traders, 99944 88883 , Tirunelveli - 95976 88883
E- Mail: info@roofplus.in , Web: www.roofplus.in
REGD. NEWS MAGAZINE POSTED AT EGMORE RMS / 1 PATRIKA CHANNEL
BUILDERSLINE - ENGLISH Monthly Regd. with registrar of news paper for india. No.TN/TAM 2000/3801
Regn. TN/CH(c)/376/15-17 licenced to post without prepayment under TN/PMG (CCR)/WPP No.776/15-17
Date of Publication : 15.08.2016

Ebuildersline Aug 2016 LR

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A Housing & Construction Magazine

www.buildersline.in E Publication Only August 2016

Useful Tips for

Olympia Group A Transparent

ARTICLE & ANALYSIS

ALSO IN THIS ISSUE 24. WTC Transportation construction in India 12 Impora-

44 August 2016 Volume 2 Issue 2

Publisher & E.Udayakumar

A Curve Bridge over Rver,

Content Contribution Mr. Richard Paradis, P.E., BSCP, Bd. Urugeve

Graphic Designer P.S.M

26. Expert Speacks

OMA’s elevated LCAM chicago museum

1. Steel Door 4. Wooden Door 7. UPVC Windows

Wash Basins / Steel Windows Steel Door Bathroom Doors

Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 11

Mobile: 98656 66650, 97155 15333.

Demolition work is set to start in los

structure’s generous spans create large open spaces that

Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 15

or concrete slab installed. The building is then simply inside a hall.

Additional considerations for the owner during lifting

saveLives & reduce The goal of all these technologies,

Injury & risk in very expensive property.

Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 21

construction management. At both the of vehicle-related accidents may be a

Anand Mosquito Net Works

Use UPVC to make the world evergreen

The scheme aims to be fully

ribs extend to create two canopies over the

and lower retail concourse levels. the lower of which is ap-

the design is defined by a series of parallel steel ribs that

62. What is the application of inverted si-

which is undesirable in hydraulic performance;

Call :7299985002 info@almdurabuild.in

Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 29

Rear View of the House

An urban home creates a micro-community in the heart of the

Jimenez designed the 3,000-square-

In the loft-like space upstirs, a pinating by Houston

Obscured by hanging doors on runners, a nook built

lines and refined material choices throughout—terrazzo

Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 31

Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 33

There are many steps and considerations involved in

Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 35

below Tax issues

ALL TYPE OF CONCRETE MIXER MACHINES,

Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 37

I Inadequate Lateral Bracing-Wind, Con-

formwork and shoring.

Builders line English Monthly August 2016 | 39

should be installed with the progress of •Adequate precautions should also

ÙÅÃ-¾-¾Prompt publication ©\ÆÙÄC÷`]ã}½]×óÃð½lö}E-

The law on pet owners in Apartments

ment, and refuse to 'give them up', or

Chennai Professionals &

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Rs.275 Rs.750 Rs.250 Rs.750

Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 43

One is to rout and seal the

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Builders line English Monthly | August 2016 | 47

cool and cozy