T-7 Maintenance Report

Primary Maintenance
Submitted By: Ehtisham Arshad
Usama Zafar

拉合尔换流站
Lahore Converter Station
2023 年 07 月 25
Contents
Type of Testing:...........................................................................................................................................3
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Measurement.....................................................................................4
AI-6000L Tester......................................................................................................................................5
T-7 Transformer:..........................................................................................................................................7
H.V to L.V.................................................................................................................................................7
H.V to L.V and Earthing............................................................................................................................7
L.V to H.V and Earthing............................................................................................................................8
Connection and Testing of C.T:....................................................................................................................9
C & DF testing Procedure:.......................................................................................................................9
Potential Transformer and its Testing.......................................................................................................11
C & DF testing Procedure:......................................................................................................................12
Purity Test of SF6 gas:................................................................................................................................14
Procedure:.............................................................................................................................................14
Parameter Results & Ranges:................................................................................................................15
Surge Arrester Counter testing:.................................................................................................................16
Procedure:.............................................................................................................................................16
 Maintenance of T-7 and its
related equipment
Introduction:
On the 21st and 22nd July, Maintenance of T-7 Transformer and its related equipment was done to
test whether the equipment technical parameters are within Range. Testing of different
equipment was done which includes
 T-7 Transformer
 Current Transformers
 Potential Transformers
 Surge Arrester
 SF6 Breaker
Below is the 132kv yard area which includes the equipment that was under test

Figure: T-7 and its related equipment

Type of Testing:
 Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Measurement
 Discharge counter measurement
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Measurement
The capacitance and dissipation factor test of a transformer is a type of electrical test performed to
evaluate the insulation quality and condition of the transformer's windings and insulation system. It is
also commonly known as the power factor or dielectric loss test.

Capacitance Test:

The capacitance test measures the capacitance of the transformer winding insulation.
Transformers have inherent capacitance due to the presence of insulating materials between the
windings and the ground. This capacitance allows a small amount of current to flow between the
windings and the ground even under normal operating conditions.
In case of CT, main insulation consists of oil-impregnated paper layers wrapped around the
primary winding with semi conductive aluminum foils in between the layers to allow a smooth
electric field distribution. This forms a capacitance, from the primary winding to the outermost
screen, known as the main insulation capacitance or Cx. The leakage resistance of these
capacitive layers is denoted by Rx

Dissipation Factor:

The health of an electrical insulator can be determined by the ratio of the resistive component to
the capacitive component. For good insulator, this ratio would be quite low. This ratio is
commonly known as tanδ, tg δ or tan delta. Sometimes, it is also referred to as the dissipation
factor.

Figure: Tan Delta test parameters

 When the test conditions are basically the same, the difference of two measured
capacitance shall not exceed ±5％.
 Secondly, the tan delta percentage value shall not exceed 1%
AI-6000L Tester

Fully automatic anti-interference dielectric loss tester AI-6000L is a high- precision instrument
for measuring dielectric loss tangent value and capacitance of various high-voltage power
equipment in power plants, substations and other fields. Because the frequency conversion
technology is adopted, it can ensure the accurate measurement under the strong electric field
interference. The instrument adopts Chinese menu operation, and the microcomputer
automatically completes the whole process of measurement.

Figure: AI-6000L Tester

Interface of AI-6000L Tester:
Below is the interface of AI-6000L tester

Figure: Interface and terminal name of AI-6000L tester

T-7 Transformer:
It is a three phase 132 / 11 kv transformer with a rated capacity of 50 MVA and Dyn11 vector group.

Capacitance & Dissipation Factor Testing Procedure:

1. Check that the test instrument is well grounded
2. Select the connection mode from the Tester.
3. There are three of wiring connections to test the capacitance and dissipation of
Transformer bushings.
H.V to L.V
Following are the connection scheme for this configuration. In this configuration High
voltage delta connected 132Kv side is connected to 10Kv of tester and Low Voltage
11kv Terminals is connected to Capacitance Terminal Cx of Tester AI-6000L.

HV connected to 10kv

LV & Neutral connected to Cx

Figure: three phase HV side Figure: three phase LV side

connection connection

H.V to L.V and Earthing

Following are the connection scheme for this configuration. In this configuration High
voltage side delta connected 132Kv side is connected to 10Kv of tester and Low Voltage
11kv Terminals is connected to body ( Earthing) and Capacitance Terminal Cx of Tester
AI-6000L.
 HV connected to 10Kv

LV neutral and body connected to Cx

Figure: three phase HV side Figure: three phase LV side connection

connection

L.V to H.V and Earthing

Following are the connection scheme for this configuration. In this configuration Low
voltage side Y connected 11Kv is connected to 10Kv of tester and High Voltage
Terminal Delta is Connected to Capacitance Terminal Cx of Tester AI-6000L.

HV connected to Cx

LV neutral & body connected

to 10KV

Figure: three phase LV side connection Figure: three phase HV side connection

4. Remove the core and clamp grounding of transformer

5. Select the test voltage of 10kV on tester
6. Turn on internal excitation switch and press enter
7. Record test data, oil temperature, ambient temperature and humidity
8. Turn off the main switch of the test instrument
9. Disconnect the test power switch
10. Analyze the test data of the test and draw conclusions.
 Figure: T-7 C and DF Results
Conclusion:
From table we can clearly see that Dissipation Factor and Capacitance values are normal apart
from one value of HV to LV and ground which appears to be a faulty ( junk) value or connection
error.

Connection and Testing of C.T:

We have three C.T’s connected with T-7 transformer. The main purpose of C.T is to step down
the current for measurement and protection purposes.

Figure: C.T’s connected with T-7

C & DF testing Procedure:
1. Check that the test instrument is well grounded.
2. Select the wiring scheme from AI-6000L tester
3. Connect the test wiring such as high voltage terminal of tester is connected to High
voltage side of transformer

Figure: Connection of C.T

4. Connect the Cx terminal of C.T with Cx terminal of tester

5. Short and Ground the secondary terminal of C.T

Figure: Grounding of secondary terminal of C.T

6. Select the test voltage of 10kV on tester

 7. Turn on internal excitation switch and press enter
8. Record test data, oil temperature, ambient temperature and humidity
9. Turn off the main switch of the test instrument
10. Disconnect the test power switch
11. Analyze the test data of the test and draw conclusions.

Figure: CT 2 C and DF results

Conclusion:
From table we can clearly see that Dissipation Factor and Capacitance values are normal and
within standard value.

Potential Transformer and its Testing

The main purpose of Potential Transformer is to stepdown the high voltage so that we can easily
measure the voltage level for measurement and protection purposes, as it is very costly to build a
voltmeter of that high voltage level. So, P.T’s are used to stepdown voltages to nominal value
which can easily be measured by simple voltmeters. At Lahore Converter Station in 132kv yard
with T-7 transformer we have two P.T on each phase with a rated capacity of 50VA andaccuracy
class of 0.2. It has single secondary winding ( 1a- 1n) with rated voltage output of 63.5 volts.
 Figure: 132kv Potential Transformer

C & DF testing Procedure:

1. Check whether all testers are in place
2. Check that the test instrument is well grounded.
3. Select the connection scheme on AI-6000L Tester
4. Connect the test wiring such as high voltage terminal of tester to High voltage side of P.T

Figure: Connection of P.T

5. Connect the Neutral terminal of P.T with Cx terminal of tester

6. Open the secondary terminals of P.T
7. Connect the neutral of secondary winding with the shell/body of P.T
 Figure: Secondary Terminals open

8. Select the test voltage of 10kV on tester

9. Turn on internal excitation switch and press enter
10. Record test data, oil temperature, ambient temperature and humidity
11. Turn off the main switch of the test instrument
12. Disconnect the test power switch
13. Analyze the test data of the test and draw conclusions.

Figure: PT1 C and DF Test Results

Conclusion:
From table we can clearly see that Dissipation factor is normal but Capacitance values are out of
range of 5% threshold.
Purity Test of SF6 gas:
To ensure the safety and reliability of the Circuit Breaker E3Q1, it is recommended to analyze
the SF6 gas inside the breaker.
In an SF6 Circuit breaker, Sulphur hexafluoride gas is used as the arc quenching medium. The
gas captures the conducting free electrons in the arc to form relatively immobile negative ions.
This loss of conducting electrons in the arc quickly builds up enough insulation strength to
extinguish the arc.
For this purpose, we use JH5000D-4 SF6 gas analyzer to measure the Purity, Dew point,
decomposed gas (SO2, H2S, HF and CO) and humidity of the SF6 gas in Circuit Breaker.

Figure: JH5000D-4 SF6 Gas Comprehensive Detector

Procedure:
1. Close the intake valve and connect the exhaust pipe.
2. Connect the air duct with the filter end to the adapter, then connect the exhaust port of the
device under test & connect the other end to the air inlet of the instrument.
3. Turn on the power supply and check self-test Normal, enter the preheating interface, select
zero calibration & observe for about 2 minutes. When the difference between the current
position and the original position is < 10% save the current position & select preheating and
return to preheating interface
4. Adjust the intake valve to make the gas flow.
5. When there is no moisture to be detected Preheat ->main menu -> equipment selection ->
detection-> automatic determination of the detection end point;
6. When moisture is detected, it is recommended to ventilate and warm up for 10 min
7. Return to main menu -> device selection -> item selection -> detection -> automatic
determination of the detection end point.
8. Receive the result chit from machine.
Parameter Results & Ranges:
Test Date: 25/07/2023
SF6 Electrical Equipment Gas Comprehensive
Detector JH5000D-4
Parameters Values Range
SO2 0 < 5 uL/L
H2S 0 < 0.1 uL/L
CO 21.7 < 5 uL/L
HF 0 < 1 uL/L
Purity (V) 99.98 % ≥ 99.9%
Purity (W) 99.99 % ≥ 99.9%
Dew Point -41.94 °C -80 °C to +20°C
Humidity 61.15 uL/L @ +20 °C
Humidity 102.55 uL/L @30.0 °C
Conclusion: The Air Chamber is Normal and SF6 Gas Purity is Good.

Figure: Test Results

Surge Arrester Counter testing:
The counter of surge arresters is tested to ensure that the surge arrester is functioning correctly
and accurately recording the number of surge events it has encountered. Surge arresters are
essential components in electrical systems, designed to protect equipment and infrastructure from
transient overvoltage caused by lightning strikes, switching operations, or other electrical
disturbances.
Here are the key reasons why the counter of surge arresters is tested:
1. Verification of Surge Events: Surge arresters are designed to absorb and divert surge
currents away from sensitive equipment. By testing the counter, one can verify that the
surge arrester has encountered and responded to surge events appropriately. A rising
count on the counter indicates that the surge arrester has successfully intercepted transient
overvoltage.
2. Maintenance and Reliability: Periodic testing of the surge arrester counter is part of the
maintenance routine for electrical systems. It ensures that the surge arrester remains in
good working condition and provides an additional layer of confidence in its reliability.
Malfunctioning surge arresters might not respond to surge events effectively, putting
electrical equipment and infrastructure at risk.
Procedure:
Lightning arrester counter comprehensive tester JY 6801 was used to test counter.
1. Set voltage to 800V on Lightning arrester counter comprehensive tester JY 6801.
2. Connect positive lead to arrester counter input.
3. Connect negative lead to ground.
4. Press test button and after 10 seconds.
5. Check the needle deflection on meter for leakage current and also check the counter
number if it is increased or not.

Figure: Apparatus and connections for testing