Nur Syahirah binti Suhaimy

2018634222
J4EH1105C

CHE 332: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

TUTORIAL CHAPTER 5
SEM OCT 2020 – FEB 2021

1) Describe the followings:

a) Air Quality.
 refers to the condition of the air within our surrounding. Good air quality
pertains to the degree to which the air is clean, clear and free from
pollutants such as smoke, dust, smog and harmful gases.

b) Air Pollution Index.

 used to identify and classify the ambient air quality in Malaysia based on
the possible

2) Air pollutants are a complex mix of chemicals emitted by human and natural sources and
formed in the atmosphere; all may contribute to climate change and damage to
ecosystems, agriculture and building materials. Point out three (3) example of natural
sources and anthropogenic sources of air pollutants.

Natural Sources Anthropogenic sources

Salt spray Mobile sources – transportation
Fungi spores Industrial processes
Dust particle from forest fires Solid waste disposal

3) Distinguish between primary and secondary of air contaminants.

Primary contaminants Secondary contaminants

Hydrocarbon Ozone, O3
SOx Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
Both formed in the atmosphere by
NOx photochemical reaction or hydrolysis or
oxidation

4) Point out two (2) physical characteristics of air particulate.

 Dust – Small, solid particles. Created by the breakup of larger masses through processes
such as crushing, grinding or blasting.
 Spray – Liquid particles. Formed by the atomization of parent liquids, such as pesticides
and herbicides

5) Briefly explain about the adverse effects of air pollution towards human health and
environment.
 Human health – Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse
health outcomes. It increases the risk of respiratory infections, heart disease and lung
cancer.
 Environment – Global warming is one of the effects of air pollution. It is direct
consequence of the greenhouse effect, which is produced by the high emission of CO2
and methane into the atmosphere. Mostly produced by the industry.

6) Indoor air quality is the air quality within and around buildings and structures. Point out
three (3) sources of indoor air pollution.
 Mold
 Bacteria
 Gases

7) Air pollution control focuses on the fundamentals of air pollutant formation in process
technologies and the identification of options for mitigating or preventing air pollutant
emissions. Give two (2) example of air pollution control devices for gaseous
contaminants.
 Absorption
 Adsorption

8) Explain two (2) industrial activities in contributing to air pollution issues in Malaysia.
 Combustion of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum) – when fossil fuels are burned, it release
nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere which contribute to the formation of smog and
acid rain.
 Exhaust from factories and industry – release a large amount of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons, organic compound, and chemicals into the air.

9) Gravitational settling chamber is one of the devices that can be used in controlling the
particulate contaminants.

i) Briefly explain the working principle of gravitational settling chamber.

 Gravitational settling chamber using the principle of gravity to settle the particulate
matter in a gas stream passing through its long chamber. The gas velocity is
reduced to allow the particulate matter to settle out of the moving gas stream under
the action of gravity. Also, it is used to remove particles with size greater than 50
μm.
 ii) Sketch the schematic diagram of this device with proper labeling.

10) In Environmental Quality (Clean Air ) Regulations 2014 ; Regulation 6 , state an owner
or occupier of a premises involved in any activity or industry list in the First Schedule
shall incorporate measures to reduce the emission of air pollutants to the atmosphere with
the best available techniques. Explain two (2) activities that listed in First Schedule.

 Heat & Power Generation; e.g boilers, turbines, gen-sets;  Total capacity 10MW 
Combined cycle /= 3MW
 Iron & steel mills –All sizes; metal ore, pig iron, steel, castings & hot rolling mills.