STAGES OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Clinical stage 1(window stage, acute primary infection Stage)

There is no any symptoms present in this stage but one may

present with generalised lymphadenopathy both in adults, adolescent
and in children.

In this stage cells that are infected with hiv are circulating
throughout the blood stream, the immune system in response tries to
attack the virus by producing HIV antibodies. This process is called zero
conversion

Symptoms may be seen because the body is reacting with HIV. Such
symptoms may be;

Headache

Fever

Sore throat

Swollen glands

Clinical stage 2 (asymptomatic stage)

In this stage one does not present with any sign or symptoms and can
last for up to 10 years. Sometimes it present with the followings

Adults and adolescent

Moderate weight loss

Recurrent respiratory infections eg otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis,

Herpes zoster

Recurrent oral ulceration

Papular pruritis eruption

Fungal nail infections

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

In children

Persistent hepatospleenomegaly

Chronic upper respiratory infections

Herpes zoster

Reccurent oral ulceration

Papular pruritis eruption

Fungal nail infections

Extensive warts virus infections

Parotid enlargement

Stage 3 ( symptomatic stage)

In this stage, person's immune system is very badly damaged and

cannot fight off very serious infections and illness.it present with the
followings signs and symptoms

Adults and adolescent

Unexplained severe weight loss

Chronic diarrhoea for longer than one month

Persistent oral candiasis

Oral hairy leukoplasia

Bacterial infection such as pneumonia, emphysema, meningitis

Acute nechrotizing ulcerative stomatitis gingivitis

Unexplained anaemia, neutropaenia and thrombocytopenia

Children

Moderate malnutrition not responding to standard therapy

Unexplained persistent diarrhoea of more than 14 days

Persistent fever above 37.5c for longer than one month

Persistent oral candidiasis after first 6 weeks of life

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Lymph nodes tuberculosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis unexplained anaemia of less than 8g\d

Stage 4 (Fun blown)

This is last stage in which the immune system is totally destroyed

hence predisposing one to Aids and one is attacked with oppunistics
diseases... The followings are signs and symptoms of stage 4
immunocompromised patients;
Adults and adolescent

HIV wasting syndrome

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Recurrent bacterial infection or pneumonia

Chronic herpes simplex infections like genital or anorectal of more than

one month

Oesaphageal candidiasis

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Karposi sarcoma

Cytomegalovirus infections

Central nervous system toxoplasmosis

HIV encephalopathy

Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis including meningitis

Lymphoma like non Hodgkin lymphoma

Recurrent septicaemia

Invasive cervical carcinoma

Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis

Children

Severe wasting syndrome and malnutrition not responding to therapy

Pneumocystis pneumonia
Recurrent severe bacterial infections

Chronic herpes simplex index

Oesophageal candidiasis

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Kaposi sarcoma

Cytomegalovirus infections

Central nervous system toxoplasmosis after neonatal period

HIV encephalothy

Extrapulmonary cryptococcal eg meningitis

Cerebral or B cells non Hodgkin lymphoma

HIV associated nephropathy or cardiomyopathy.