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Morpheus - Wikipedia
Morpheus - Wikipedia
Morpheus - Wikipedia
Morpheus ('Fashioner', derived from t he Ancient Greek: μορφή meaning 'form, shape')[1] is a
god associat ed wit h sleep and dreams. In Ovid's Metamorphoses he is t he son of Somnus and
appears in dreams in human form. From t he Middle Ages, t he name began t o st and more
generally for t he god of dreams, or of sleep.[2]
Ovid
The only ancient ment ion of Morpheus occurs in Ovid's Metamorphoses , where Ovid t ells of
t he st ory of Ceyx and his wife Alcyone who were t ransformed int o birds. In Ovid's account ,
Juno, (via t he messenger goddess Iris) sends Morpheus t o appear t o Alcyone in a dream, as
her husband Ceyx, t o t ell her of his deat h.[3]
Ovid makes Morpheus one of t he t housand sons of Somnus (Sleep).[4] His name derives from
t he Greek word for form (μορφή), and his funct ion was apparent ly t o appear in dreams in
human guise. According t o Ovid "no ot her is more skilled t han he in represent ing t he gait , t he
feat ures, and t he speech of men; t he clot hing also and t he accust omed words of each he
represent s."[5] As wit h ot her gods associat ed wit h sleep, Ovid present s Morpheus as winged.[6]
Ovid called Morpheus and his brot hers, t he ot her sons of Somnus, t he Somnia ("dream
shapes"), saying t hat t hey appear in dreams "mimicking many forms".[7] Ovid gives names t o
t wo more of t hese sons of Sleep. One called Icelos ('Like'), by t he gods, but Phobet or
('Fright ener') by men, "t akes t he form of beast or bird or t he long serpent ", and Phant asos
('Fant asy'), who "put s on decept ive shapes of eart h, rocks, wat er, t rees, all lifeless t hings".[8]
The t hree brot hers' names are found nowhere earlier t han Ovid, and are perhaps Ovidian
invent ions.[9] Tripp calls t hese t hree figures "lit erary, not myt hical concept s".[10] However,
Griffin suggest s t hat t his division of dream forms bet ween Morpheus and his brot hers,
possibly including t heir names, may have been of Hellenist ic origin.[11]
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Notes
9. Griffin, p. 249.
10. Tripp, s.v. Somnus, p. 534.
11. Griffin, pp. 179, 249.
References